Journal articles: 'Loligo fisheries – South Africa'

1

Branch, G. M. "Subsistence fisheries in South Africa: a Preface." South African Journal of Marine Science 24, no. 1 (June 2002): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776102784528655.

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Cockcroft, Andrew C., and Andrew IL Payne. "A cautious fisheries management policy in South Africa: the fisheries for rock lobster." Marine Policy 23, no. 6 (November 1999): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(98)00045-1.

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3

Lipiński, M. R. "Food and feeding of Loligo vulgaris reynaudii from St Francis Bay, South Africa." South African Journal of Marine Science 5, no. 1 (June 1, 1987): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776187784522513.

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4

Wickens, P. A., D. W. Japp, P. A. Shelton, F. Kriel, P. C. Goosen, B. Rose, C. J. Augustyn, C. A. R. Bross, A. J. Penney, and R. G. Krohn. "Seals and fisheries in South Africa — competition and conflict." South African Journal of Marine Science 12, no. 1 (June 1992): 773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02577619209504741.

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5

Mather, Charles. "Sustainability and Fisheries Reform in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Geography 92, no. 3 (November 1, 2007): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2007.12094202.

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6

Harris, J. M., G. M. Branch, B. M. Clark, A. C. Cockcroft, C. Coetzee, A. H. Dye, M. Hauck, et al. "Recommendations for the management of subsistence fisheries in South Africa." South African Journal of Marine Science 24, no. 1 (June 2002): 503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776102784528420.

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7

Plagányi, Éva E., Rebecca A. Rademeyer, Doug S. Butterworth, Carryn L. Cunningham, and Susan J. Johnston. "Making management procedures operational—innovations implemented in South Africa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 4 (May 1, 2007): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm043.

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Abstract Plagányi, É. E., Rademeyer, R. A., Butterworth, D. S., Cunningham, C. L., and Johnston, S. J. 2007. Making management procedures operational — innovations implemented in South Africa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 626–632. Operational management procedures (OMPs) have become an indispensable fisheries management tool in South Africa in light of their ability to consider the consequences of the main sources of assessment uncertainty. An overview is provided of the MP approaches applied to the major South African fisheries for hake, sardine and anchovy, and west coast rock lobster. As these are among the first OMPs to be implemented worldwide, some for periods longer than 10 y, they provide useful examples of some of the successes and problems encountered with the approach. Particular emphasis is given to some recent innovations and adaptations. These include moves to (i) joint two-species OMPs for the hake and sardine/anchovy resources; (ii) a reference set of weighted operating models for primary testing and tuning in preference to a single model; (iii) consideration of a “research-conditional” approach for hake to allow greater catches in the short term, conditional on research being implemented to resolve a key uncertainty; and (iv) incorporation of some ecosystem considerations by developing appropriate robustness tests (which link with moves towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries). Key lessons gained from experience over the past decade of OMP implementation in South Africa are summarized.

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8

Sauer, W. H. H., Y. C. Melo, and W. de Wet. "Fecundity of the chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii on the southeastern coast of South Africa." Marine Biology 135, no. 2 (November 5, 1999): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050629.

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9

Smale, Malcolm J., Warwick H. H. Sauer, and Roger T. Hanlon. "Attempted Ambush Predation on Spawning Squids LoligoVulgaris Reynaudii by Benthic Pyjama Sharks, PorodermaAfricanum, off South Africa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, no. 3 (August 1995): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540003914x.

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This first description of behavioural interactions between benthic pyjama sharks Poroderma africanum (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) and spawning squids Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) was made from underwater video recordings. The behaviours are described and illustrated to show that the sharks searched for squids in egg beds, then rested there partially hidden and immobile. The pyjama sharks at-tempted to ambush the squids when they approached to lay their eggs after they had apparently habituated to the predators. Although normally nocturnal, the pyjama sharks had emerged by day from caves and cracks in the rocky reef to attack the spawning squids, thereby benefiting from an occasionally available resource.

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10

Singh, Rishan. "The progresses in fishery sciences and fisheries in South Africa and overseas." Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Zoology 37a, no. 1 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-3188.2018.00004.9.

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11

van Sittert, L., G. Branch, M. Hauck, and M. Sowman. "Benchmarking the first decade of post-apartheid fisheries reform in South Africa." Marine Policy 30, no. 1 (January 2006): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.06.012.

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12

Sowman, Merle. "Subsistence and small-scale fisheries in South Africa: A ten-year review." Marine Policy 30, no. 1 (January 2006): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.06.014.

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13

Hauck, Maria, and Merle Sowman. "Coastal and fisheries co-management in South Africa: an overview and analysis." Marine Policy 25, no. 3 (May 2001): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(01)00007-0.

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14

Van Der Vyver, J. S. F., W. H. H. Sauer, N. J. McKeown, D. Yemane, P. W. Shaw, and M. R. Lipinski. "Phenotypic divergence despite high gene flow in chokka squid Loligo reynaudii (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae): implications for fishery management." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 7 (December 9, 2015): 1507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415001794.

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The commercially important chokka squid Loligo reynaudii occurring in South African waters is currently managed on a single-unit stock hypothesis. We tested this assumption through a spatial comparison of the morphology throughout the distributional range of the species. Forty-three morphometric characters were measured from 1079 chokka collected off the south coast of South Africa, the west coast of South Africa, and southern Angola. While no significant differences were found in the hard body parts, results from classification analysis showed that though all four types of morphometric attributes (soft body parts, beaks, statoliths, sucker rings) resulted in some separation, the most consistent separation of samples from the three regions was based on soft body part morphometric characters. On average, though dependent on the model, the overall correct classification rate ranged from 0.68–0.99 for males and 0.7–0.99 for females in all three regions. Previous DNA analysis had revealed some genetic differences between west coast and south coast samples, suggesting the confluence of the cold Benguela and warm Agulhas current may act as the approximate point of a phenotypic and possible genetic breakpoint. Finer scale genetic analysis of samples collected across the Benguela–Agulhas confluence reported no significant genetic structuring in this area suggesting environmental heterogeneity and not restriction of genetic flow/isolation as the primary driver of the observed phenotypic divergence.

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15

., Fauziyah, Anna I. S. Purwiyanto, Fitri Agustriani, and Wike A. E. Putri. "Growth aspect of squid (Loligo chinensis) from the Banyuasin Coastal Waters, South Sumatra, Indonesia." Ecologica Montenegrina 27 (January 10, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2020.27.1.

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Squid (Loligo chinensis) played an important role in small scale fisheries in Banyuasin Coastal Waters, however, the information and publications were limited. This study aimed to estimate the length at first capture (LC50%), the length at first maturity (Lm), growth pattern and condition factor of L. chinensis from Banyuasin Coastal Waters of South Sumatra. The squids were observed for samples in April 2018 and March 2019 using a stationary lift net. During the observation, the squid measurement was conducted on 1179 individuals. The mantle length ranged was 40-210 mm and their body weight ranged was 2-42 gr. The value of LC50%, Lm and ½L∞ were obtained at 103 mm, 147 mm, and 110.5 mm respectively. The analysis results of the length-weight relationship (W = 0.0145L1.4618, R2 = 0.9265 and P < 0.05) showed that their growth pattern was negative allometric (b < 3). The mean relative condition factor (Kn = 1.01) above the critical value limits (K=0.56) confirmed that the environmental condition of Banyuasin Coastal Waters suitable for the L. chinensis growth. However, should be careful with their length size of the squid catch were not feasible in the capture.

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16

Olyott, L. J. H., W. H. H. Sauer, and A. J. Booth. "Spatial patterns in the biology of the chokka squid, Loligo reynaudii on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 17, no. 2-3 (January 12, 2007): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-006-9027-5.

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17

Melo, Y. C., and W. H. H. Sauer. "Confirmation of serial spawning in the chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii off the coast of South Africa." Marine Biology 135, no. 2 (November 5, 1999): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050628.

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18

Isaacs, Moenieba, and Emma Witbooi. "Fisheries crime, human rights and small-scale fisheries in South Africa: A case of bigger fish to fry." Marine Policy 105 (July 2019): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.12.023.

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19

Welcomme, Robin L., Ian G. Cowx, David Coates, Christophe Béné, Simon Funge-Smith, Ashley Halls, and Kai Lorenzen. "Inland capture fisheries." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1554 (September 27, 2010): 2881–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0168.

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The reported annual yield from inland capture fisheries in 2008 was over 10 million tonnes, although real catches are probably considerably higher than this. Inland fisheries are extremely complex, and in many cases poorly understood. The numerous water bodies and small rivers are inhabited by a wide range of species and several types of fisher community with diversified livelihood strategies for whom inland fisheries are extremely important. Many drivers affect the fisheries, including internal fisheries management practices. There are also many drivers from outside the fishery that influence the state and functioning of the environment as well as the social and economic framework within which the fishery is pursued. The drivers affecting the various types of inland water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands may differ, particularly with regard to ecosystem function. Many of these depend on land-use practices and demand for water which conflict with the sustainability of the fishery. Climate change is also exacerbating many of these factors. The future of inland fisheries varies between continents. In Asia and Africa the resources are very intensely exploited and there is probably little room for expansion; it is here that resources are most at risk. Inland fisheries are less heavily exploited in South and Central America, and in the North and South temperate zones inland fisheries are mostly oriented to recreation rather than food production.

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20

Martins, Rodrigo S., Michael J. Roberts, Nicolette Chang, Philippe Verley, Coleen L. Moloney, and Erica A. G. Vidal. "Effect of yolk utilization on the specific gravity of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) paralarvae: implications for dispersal on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 7 (July 29, 2010): 1323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq098.

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Abstract Martins, R. S., Roberts, M. J., Chang, N., Verley, P., Moloney, C. L., and Vidal, E. A. G. 2010. Effect of yolk utilization on the specific gravity of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) paralarvae: implications for dispersal on the Agulhas Bank, South Africa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1323–1335. Specific gravity is an important parameter in the dispersal of marine zooplankton, because the velocity of currents, and therefore the speed of transport, is usually greatest near the surface. For the South African chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii), recruitment is thought to be influenced by the successful transport of paralarvae from the spawning grounds to a food-rich feature known as the cold ridge some 100–200 km away. The role of paralarval specific gravity on such transport is investigated. Specific gravity ranged from 1.0373 to 1.0734 g cm−3 during the yolk-utilization phase, implying that paralarvae are always negatively buoyant, regardless of yolk content. The data were incorporated into a coupled individual-based model (IBM)—Regional Ocean Modelling System model. The output showed that dispersal was dominantly westward towards the cold ridge. Also, modelled paralarval vertical distribution suggested that hydrodynamic turbulence was an important factor in dispersal. The negative buoyancy of early chokka squid paralarvae may reduce the risk of paralarvae being advected off the eastern Agulhas Bank and into the open ocean, where food is less abundant, so specific gravity may be important in enhancing the survival and recruitment of chokka squid.

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21

Branch, George M., and Barry M. Clark. "Fish stocks and their management: The changing face of fisheries in South Africa." Marine Policy 30, no. 1 (January 2006): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.06.009.

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22

Hauck, Maria, and Marcel Kroese. "Fisheries compliance in South Africa: A decade of challenges and reform 1994–2004." Marine Policy 30, no. 1 (January 2006): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.06.007.

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23

Moloney, C. L., C. D. Van Der Lingen, L. Hutchings, and J. G. Field. "Contributions of the Benguela ecology programme to pelagic fisheries management in South Africa." African Journal of Marine Science 26, no. 1 (June 2004): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/18142320409504048.

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24

de Moor, CL, SJ Johnston, A. Brandão, RA Rademeyer, JP Glazer, LB Furman, and DS Butterworth. "A review of the assessments of the major fisheries resources in South Africa." African Journal of Marine Science 37, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 285–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232x.2015.1070201.

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25

Isaacs, Moenieba. "Multi-stakeholder process of co-designing small-scale fisheries policy in South Africa." Regional Environmental Change 16, no. 2 (October 22, 2015): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0874-2.

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26

Hanlon, R. T., M. J. Smale, and W. H. H. Sauer. "An Ethogram of Body Patterning Behavior in the Squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii on Spawning Grounds in South Africa." Biological Bulletin 187, no. 3 (December 1994): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542293.

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27

Olyott, L. J. H., W. H. H. Sauer, and A. J. Booth. "Spatio-temporal patterns in maturation of the chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) off the coast of South Africa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 9 (January 1, 2006): 1649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.06.011.

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Abstract Knowledge of the temporal and spatial characteristics of chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) biology in South African waters is limited, so the possibility of there being a geographically fragmented stock was examined by investigating the distribution of maturity patterns for the species, covering all known spawning areas and using both historical and recent data. Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) varied between year-round consistency and apparent seasonal peaks in both summer and winter; there was no clear spatial pattern. Monthly percentage maturity provided further evidence for two peak reproductive periods each year, although mature squid were present throughout. Sex ratios demonstrated great variability between different areas and life history stages. Male-biased sex ratios were only apparent on the inshore spawning grounds and ranged between 1.118:1 and 4.267:1. Size at sexual maturity was also seasonal, squid maturing smaller in winter/spring than in summer/autumn. Also, squid in the east matured smaller than squid in the west. Although the results from the present study do not provide conclusive evidence of distinct geographic populations, squid likely spawn over a significantly larger area of the Agulhas Bank than previously estimated, and squid on the west coast of South Africa may return to spawn on the western portion of the Agulhas Bank. It remains likely, however, that the east and west coast populations are a single stock and that migration of juveniles to the west coast and their subsequent return as sub-adults is an integral but non-essential and variable part of the life history.

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Young, Michael. "Achieving Equity in the Fishing Industry: The Fate of Informal Fishers in the Context of The Policy for the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 5 (May 17, 2017): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i5a2435.

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The implementation of the Marine Living Resources Act 18 of 1998 which governs fisheries management in South Africa is guided by a series of objectives. Chief amongst these are the need to ensure resource sustainability, promote economic growth and achieve equity in the fishing industry. Striking a balance among these competing imperatives is a necessary but also monumental task, one which South Africa has arguably failed to achieve to date. In particular, as far the equity objective is concerned, a group of fishers, including both subsistence and artisanal fishers, have continued to be marginalised and overlooked in the fishing rights allocation process. The Policy for the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in South Africa aims to provide recognition and redress to this sector of the fishing industry. It seeks to achieve this objective by adopting a community-based, co-management approach. The Policy accordingly envisages that fishing rights will be allocated to small-scale fishing communities and that these communities will become involved in managing fisheries together with government. This contribution reviews and critically analyses the scope of application of the Small-Scale Policy and the management approach adopted by the Policy, with a view to assessing its potential to achieve the objective of providing redress to the formerly marginalised groups of fishers. This analysis takes place against the backdrop of the significant resource constraints in the fisheries arena and the country’s vision for its future economic development as described in the National Development Plan.

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29

Mwanangombe, Collette H., Deon Durholtz, Dawit Yemane, Jean Githaiga-Mwicigi, Warwick H. H. Sauer, and Marek R. Lipiński. "Growth rates of the chokka squid Loligo reynaudii d’Orbigny, 1845 (Cephalopoda: Myopsida: Loliginidae) off South Africa, investigated over two years." Folia Malacologica 29, no. 3 (August 20, 2021): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/folmal.029.017.

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Growth of adult chokka squid Loligo reynaudii d’Orbigny was modelled using mantle length and age data derived from samples collected over two years (2003 and 2004) from a single, large cohort of mature and spawning squid. A total of 588 statoliths were examined (310 males, 278 females) from individuals of 71–425 mm mantle length (ML). The maximum size of chokka squid was 425 mm ML for males and 263 mm ML for females. The Francis Growth Model and Linear Growth model were selected for further analysis from six models considered. Males and females attain similar ages, although mantle length-based daily growth rates ranged from 0.75 to 1.02 (0.88 quantile _50) mm/day for males and 0.32–0.45 (0.38 quantile _50) mm/day for females, explaining the sexual dimorphism apparent in the sizes of individuals of this species.

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30

Nthane, Tsele T., Fred Saunders, Gloria L. Gallardo Fernández, and Serge Raemaekers. "Toward Sustainability of South African Small-Scale Fisheries Leveraging ICT Transformation Pathways." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020743.

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Though Internet and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been employed in small-scale fisheries (SSFs) globally, they are seldom systematically explored for the ways in which they facilitate equality, democracy and sustainability. Our study explored how ICTs in South African small-scale fisheries are leveraged towards value chain upgrading, collective action and institutional sustainability—key issues that influence small-scale fishery contributions to marine resource sustainability. We held a participatory workshop as part of ongoing research in the town of Lambert’s Bay, South Africa, in collaboration with small-scale fishers and the Abalobi ICT project. We mapped fisher value chain challenges and explored the role of ICT-driven transformation pathways, adopting Wright’s ‘Real Utopian’ framework as the lens through which to explore equality, democracy and institutional sustainability. We found Abalobi’s ICT platform had the potential to facilitate deeper meanings of democracy that incorporate socio-economic reform, collective action and institutional sustainability in South Africa’s small-scale fisheries. Where fishers are not engaged beyond passive generators of data, this had the potential to undermine the goals of increasing power parity between small-scale fisheries and other stakeholders.

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31

Harris, J. M., M. Sowman, G. M. Branch, B. M. Clark, A. C. Cockcroft, C. Coetzee, A. H. Dye, et al. "The process of developing a management system for subsistence fisheries in South Africa: recognizing and formalizing a marginalized fishing sector in South Africa." South African Journal of Marine Science 24, no. 1 (June 2002): 405–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776102784528583.

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32

Martins, Rodrigo S., Michael J. Roberts, Christophe Lett, Nicolette Chang, Coleen L. Moloney, Maurício G. Camargo, and Erica A. G. Vidal. "Modelling transport of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) paralarvae off South Africa: reviewing, testing and extending the ‘Westward Transport Hypothesis’." Fisheries Oceanography 23, no. 2 (August 2, 2013): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fog.12046.

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Lipinski, M. "Daily net emigration from a spawning concentration of chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudiid'Orbigny, 1845) in Kromme Bay, South Africa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 55, no. 2 (April 1998): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0271.

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34

van Sittert, L., and M. Hauck. "Introduction: Post-apartheid marine fisheries in South Africa: Through the ten-year looking glass." Marine Policy 30, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.06.001.

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35

Nielsen, Jesper Raakjær, Poul Degnbol, K. Kuperan Viswanathan, Mahfuzuddin Ahmed, Mafaniso Hara, and Nik Mustapha Raja Abdullah. "Fisheries co-management—an institutional innovation? Lessons from South East Asia and Southern Africa." Marine Policy 28, no. 2 (March 2004): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(03)00083-6.

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36

Green, Lesley. "Fisheries science, Parliament and fishers׳ knowledge in South Africa: An attempt at scholarly diplomacy." Marine Policy 60 (October 2015): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.08.002.

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NAPIER, VICTORIA R., GEORGE M. BRANCH, and JEAN M. HARRIS. "Evaluating conditions for successful co-management of subsistence fisheries in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 2 (June 2005): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002195.

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Conditions important for the success of co-management have repeatedly been identified, but their relative influence has not been quantitatively evaluated. To investigate the implementation of co-management in 11 subsistence fisheries within seven rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, perceptions of the responsible authorities and the fishing communities were surveyed. Of 16 conditions often considered important for the success of co-management, only nine were correlated with perceived success, the most strongly correlated being (1) benefits of co-management must exceed costs of participation, (2) training and empowerment, and (3) existence of a long-term ‘champion’ to drive the process. The perceptions of the authorities concurred with those of the communities with regards to the attainment of conditions, but views on the success of co-management differed significantly owing to disagreements that were specific to three particular fisheries. Both groups agreed that co-management is a viable improvement on top-down authoritarian imposition of regulations. However, it takes time to become effective; perceived success was directly correlated with how long individual programmes had been operating. Failure to devolve power from national government to local institutions, and delays in awarding subsistence permits, remain the major stumbling blocks to full realization of co-management.

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Van Sittert, Lance. "‘The handmaiden of industry’: Marine science and fisheries development in South Africa 1895–1939." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 26, no. 4 (December 1995): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-3681(95)00014-3.

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39

Roberts, M. J., and W. H. H. Sauer. "Environment: the key to understanding the South African chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) life cycle and fishery?" Antarctic Science 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000386.

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This paper explores effects of environmental variability on the life cycle of the chokka squid, Loligo vulgaris reynaudii in South Africa, particularly the effect of physical and chemical influences on adult distribution, and the availability of spawning aggregations to the local jig fishery. The following hypotheses are presented: 1) temperature, dissolved oxygen and currents have a direct effect on the demersal distribution of adult chokka on the feeding grounds, but this is restricted to the west coast where environmental conditions are more extreme relative to the south coast, 2) chokka catches increase in proportion to the extent of coastal upwelling, 3) spawning behavior along the inshore regions (<50m) is strongly influenced by turbidity near the seabed. High turbidity forces the spawning popuation to lay their eggs in deeper waters, and are thus not available to the jig fishery. 4) El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are linked with large fluctuations in the availability of spawning squid aggregations to the inshore jig fishery.

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40

Oosthuizen, Anè, and Mike J. Roberts. "Bottom temperature and in situ development of chokka squid eggs (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) on mid-shelf spawning grounds, South Africa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 9 (July 7, 2009): 1967–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp198.

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Abstract Oosthuizen, A., and Roberts, M. J. 2009. Bottom temperature and in situ development of chokka squid eggs (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) on mid-shelf spawning grounds, South Africa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1967–1971. The aim of the study was to test the development success of squid eggs on the mid-shelf (60–150 m deep) spawning grounds in relation to previous laboratory results, and to describe the mid-shelf temperature environment and how it could affect egg development. A series of in situ egg incubation experiments was conducted on the mid-shelf (∼119 m deep) spawning grounds using cages, temperature sensors, and acoustic releases for retrieval. Newly spawned eggs were collected by scuba, and continuous temperature data were collected at two points between the known inshore spawning grounds and the mid-shelf areas. Temperature variations followed a seasonal warming and cooling cycle, with superimposed peaks and troughs. Egg development data indicated that warm temperature peaks (10–13°C) are sufficient for normal development of eggs on the mid-shelf. Egg development time on the mid-shelf was 2–3 times longer (50–60 vs. 20–30 d) than inshore. The scarcity of abnormalities (0.45%) disputes previous laboratory results that suggested that ∼50% of eggs would suffer abnormalities in the colder mid-shelf temperature environment.

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VAN DER LINGEN, CARL DAVID, LAURA FRANCES WESTON, NURUDEAN NORMAN SSEMPA, and CECILE CATHARINE REED. "Incorporating parasite data in population structure studies of South African sardine Sardinops sagax." Parasitology 142, no. 1 (March 3, 2014): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014000018.

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SUMMARYA multidisciplinary approach has been applied to examine the population structure of sardine Sardinops sagax off South Africa, where this species supports significant fisheries and is also of ecological and eco-tourism importance. Observations of discontinuous sardine distribution patterns, discrete spawning grounds and significant spatial differences in a variety of phenotypic characteristics have suggested the existence of discrete western, southern and eastern sardine sub-populations or stocks. The use of parasites as biological tags to elucidate sardine population structure has recently been investigated, and strong spatial gradients around South Africa in the prevalence, mean infection intensity and mean abundance of a digenean ‘tetracotyle’ type metacercarial endoparasite considered to be of the genus Cardiocephaloides and found in the humours of fish eyes support and have proved particularly convincing evidence for the sardine multiple stock hypothesis. A discontinuous distribution in the occurrence of another parasite, the coccidean Eimeria sardinae found in fish testes, has provided additional but weaker evidence of discrete stocks. These results have contributed to a changed understanding of the population structure of South African sardine and have significant implications for management of the fisheries for this species.

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Shannon, Lynne J., Astrid C. Jarre, and Samantha L. Petersen. "Developing a science base for implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries in South Africa." Progress in Oceanography 87, no. 1-4 (October 2010): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.08.005.

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Sowman, M. "New perspectives in small-scale fisheries management: challenges and prospects for implementation in South Africa." African Journal of Marine Science 33, no. 2 (August 2011): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232x.2011.602875.

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Nyikahadzoi, Kefasi, Mafaniso Hara, and Jesper Raakjær. "Transforming ownership and governance - Lessons from capital intensive pelagic fisheries in South Africa and Zimbabwe." International Journal of the Commons 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2010): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ijc.227.

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Hauck, M. "A case study of abalone poaching in South Africa and its impact on fisheries management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 56, no. 6 (December 1999): 1024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1999.0534.

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Sauer, W. H. H., M. R. Lipinski, and C. J. Augustyn. "Tag recapture studies of the chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii d′Orbigny, 1845 on inshore spawning grounds on the south-east coast of South Africa." Fisheries Research 45, no. 3 (April 2000): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(99)00118-6.

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Walmsley, Sarah A., Rob W. Leslie, and Warwick H. H. Sauer. "Managing South Africa's trawl bycatch." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 2 (November 13, 2006): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsl022.

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Abstract Walmsley, S. A., Leslie, R. W., and Sauer, W. H. H. 2007. Managing South Africa's trawl bycatch. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 405–412. Over the past few decades, it has become widely recognized that the management strategies of world fisheries must ensure sustainability of bycatch as well as of target species. South Africa implemented a pilot observer programme from 1995 to 2000 to collect data on the levels and patterns of bycatch and discards in the demersal trawl fishery. Here, the results of that programme are used in conjunction with information on bycatch value and compliance to assess the issues and problems regarding bycatch and discarding in the fishery. In general, bycatch components can be placed into one of three categories (discarded bycatch, retained bycatch, and processing waste), each of which present different management problems and require different management approaches. The results were used to formulate a bycatch management plan for the demersal trawl fishery in South Africa. Given the need to continue monitoring bycatch, the performance of the pilot observer programme is reviewed, and the levels of sampling effort required for a national programme are discussed.

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de Graaf, Gertjan J., Richard J. R. Grainger, Lena Westlund, Rolf Willmann, David Mills, Kieran Kelleher, and Kwame Koranteng. "The status of routine fishery data collection in Southeast Asia, central America, the South Pacific, and West Africa, with special reference to small-scale fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 8 (April 16, 2011): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr054.

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Abstract de Graaf, G. J., Grainger, R. J. R., Westlund, L., Willmann, R., Mills, D., Kelleher, K., and Koranteng, K. 2011. The status of routine fishery data collection in Southeast Asia, central America, the South Pacific, and West Africa, with special reference to small-scale fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1743–1750. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) strategy for improving information on the status and trends of capture fisheries (FAO Strategy STF) was endorsed by Member States and the UN General Assembly in 2003. Its overall objective is to provide a framework, strategy, and plan to improve knowledge and understanding of the status and trends of fisheries as a basis for policy-making and management, towards conservation and sustainable use of resources within ecosystems. The FAO supports the implementation of FAO Strategy STF in developing countries through a project known as FAO FishCode–STF, and an initiative funded by the World Bank entitled the “BigNumbers project”. The BigNumbers project underscored the importance of small-scale fisheries and revealed that catches by and employment in this sector tend to be underreported. An inventory of data collection systems made under the FAO FishCode–STF project showed that small-scale fisheries are not well covered. Their dispersed nature, the weak institutional capacity in many developing countries, and the traditional methods used make routine data collection cumbersome. Innovative sampling strategies are required. The main priority is a sample frame for small-scale fisheries. Sustainable strategies are most likely to be found outside the sector through population and agricultural household censuses and inside the sector through the direct involvement of fishers.

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Rambauli, M., A. M. Antwi, and F. N. Mudau. "Investigating the strength of linkages of plant health institutional and legislative framework in South Africa." South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE) 49, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2021/v49n1a10774.

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This paper presents existing linkages within the spheres of government on plant health institutional and legislative framework and further identifies the existing limitations and risks on the current existing framework on the plant health system. A survey was conducted in South Africa with the relevant scientists from the National Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) formerly known as the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) and Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) formerly known as Department of Environmental Affair (DEA) as well as extensionist and agricultural advisors from 7 Provincial Departments of Agriculture (PDAs). The sample size of the study was 60 government officials from both the national and provincial departments of agriculture. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analysed statistically using the one-way frequency and Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficients. This paper revealed that there were no formal linkages between the relevant national government and PDAs in terms of legislative and policy prescripts on plant health issues. The study further revealed that there is a need to establish a plant health unit to coordinate plant health matters from the National Plant Protection Organisation of South Africa. On the aspect of biosecurity legislative framework affecting food production and security as well as trade, the study found that there is no cross-referencing amongst relevant legislation; therefore, there is a need for harmonisation of relevant legislation.

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Dahlet, Lol I., Nicola Downey-Breedt, Gabriel Arce, Warwick H. H. Sauer, and Maria A. Gasalla. "Comparative study of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (Scombridae) fishery stocks from the South Atlantic and western Indian oceans." Scientia Marina 83, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04804.22c.

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The skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, inhabits tropical and subtropical oceans the world over, and contributes substantially to total tuna catches. Both fishing pressure and anthropic influences affect skipjack populations, impacting on economic returns and investment. The present study analyses and compares spatial time series of catch and catch per unit effort (CPUE), of pole-and-line fishing of skipjack tuna from Brazil, South Africa and the Maldives. Both regional and inter-regional analyses were conducted for the period 1970-2014 in order to ultimately investigate potential associations between these fisheries, climatic conditions and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Correlation tests and spatial mapping tools were used. From 2004 to 2011, South African skipjack catches correlated positively with Brazilian ones and negatively with Maldivians. CPUEs from the Brazilian and Maldivian skipjack fisheries showed a significant positive correlation in the period 1982-1993. Yearly catches from all regions were strongly associated with the Northern Oscillation Index (p < 0.001), an ENSO index. This study reflects an effort to articulate an inter-regional appraisal of skipjack pole-and-line fisheries embedded in the context of a globally changing climate, in the face of which emerging economies are the most vulnerable. Evidence of common patterns influencing these fisheries should encourage international South-South cooperative management and understanding of the resource.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Loligo fisheries – South Africa'

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