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Journal articles on the topic 'Loligo gahi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Brierley, Andrew S., and John P. Thorpe. "Biochemical genetic evidence supporting the taxonomic separation of Loligo gahi from the genus Loligo." Antarctic Science 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000222.

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Fifteen specimens of Loligo gahi caught within the Falkland Islands Interim Conservation and Management Zone during March 1988 were subject to genetic analysis using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Comparison of allele frequencies at 22 clearly resolving putative enzyme loci showed these animals to exhibit a degree of genetic differentiation from samples of Loligo forbesi and Loligo vulgaris vulgaris (I = 0.19 and 0.22 respectively) greater than that normally expected between congeneric species. The degree of difference was of the order typically exhibited between members of different but confamilial genera, for example as here between Loligo forbesi and Alloteuthis subulata (I = 0.22). It is therefore concluded that Loligo gahi should no longer be regarded as a member of the genus Loligo. Genetic analysis of further species is necessary to clarify whether or not Loligo gahi should, as has been suggested on morphological grounds, be united in a separate genus with other American myopsid species also currently ascribed to the genus Loligo.

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2

Arkhipkin, Alexander. "Statolith Microstructure and Maximum age of Loligo Gahi (Myopsida: Loliginidae) on the Patagonian Shelf." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 73, no. 4 (November 1993): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400034871.

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Statoliths of Loligo gahi were sampled in the fishery region 45–47°S on the Patagonian shelf during September 1989. Peculiarities of the growth zones in the ground statoliths of adults are described. Maximum age of large maturing and mature females (130–160 mm of mantle length, ML) was estimated to be 325–345 d, that of large mature males (250–290 mm ML) ranged from 360 to 396 d.The squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny, 1835, occurs in temperate shelf and upper slope waters of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America and is caught commercially by the international fleet in the southern part of the Patagonian shelf within the Falkland Islands Interim Conservation Zone (FICZ) (Roper et al., 1984; Csirke, 1987). Occasionally, dense shoals of L. gahi appear in the fishery region 45–47°S off the Exclusive Economic Zone of Argentina (EEZA) and have been caught in significant numbers by trawlers at depths of 120–150 m in September-October (Chesheva, 1990). Loligo gahi is a medium sized loliginid; in Falkland waters males attain 350 mm ML, females 210 mm ML (Hatfield, 1991), while in the fishery region 45–47°S maximum size is 260 mm and 160 mm, respectively (Chesheva, 1990). Patterson (1988) revealed two Falkland spawning stocks of L. gahi of unclear status, spring-spawners and autumn-spawners (austral seasons) and pointed out that the life span of squid of each stock lasted ~1 y. Recently Hatfield (1991) used statoliths to elucidate Patterson's (1988) estimations of age and growth of Falkland stocks of L. gahi and confirmed the 1-y duration of L. gahi's life span.

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3

Rasero, M., and J. M. Portela. "Relationships Between Mating and Sexual Maturation of Loligo Gahi Females in Falkland Waters." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 2 (May 1998): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400041734.

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Observations on samples from Spanish trawlers between September and November of 1995 revealed the presence of mated females of Loligo gahi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) from 164–285 m depth, in the Western area of the Falkland Islands Conservation Zone. 93.8% of the mature females, and 31.0% of the maturing ones, were mated. Deposition of spermatophores always took place in the oral membrane between the connectives of arms IV. The relationships between sexual maturation and copulation have been analysed, and the hypothesis of mating acting as a ‘trigger’ of the final sexual maturation in Loligo gahi females is proposed and discussed.

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4

Barón, Pedro J., and María E. Ré. "Morphometry of the northern Patagonian sympatric populations of Loligo sanpaulensis and Loligo gahi." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 2 (April 2002): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005453.

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Loligo gahi and Loligo sanpaulensis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda), two squid species presently under exploitation in the south-west Atlantic, are sympatric in coastal waters of northern Patagonia. In the present study, the morphometry of both species' northern Patagonian populations was analysed and compared. Relationships between the morphometric variables and mantle length, the standard measure of size for squids, are allometric in most cases. Weight and fin length show different rates of growth relative to mantle length in males and females of both species. Fin length, fin width and mantle length are the best morphometric variables to discriminate the mantle/fin complexes. Free rachis length, gladius length and gladius width are the most useful to separate both species' pens. The best discrimination of the tentacles is provided by the diameter of the central and marginal suckers and the number of teeth on the three largest sucker rings. Discriminant functions are provided to allow the classification of individuals from both species and the identification of pens and tentacle clubs found in predators digestive contents.

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5

Baron, P. J. "The paralarvae of two South American sympatric squid: Loligo gahi and Loligo sanpaulensis." Journal of Plankton Research 25, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 1347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbg093.

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6

George, Magnus J. A., and Emma M. C. Hatfield. "First Records of Mated Female Loligo Gahi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in the Falkland Islands." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, no. 3 (August 1995): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400039151.

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This communication presents the first records of mated female Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters. In October 1993 fully mature mated female L. gahi were identified in samples taken from the commercial fishery in waters east of Lively Island, East Falkland, at depths of 145–174 m. Spermatophores were found in both the mantle cavity and buccal sites of deposition. These records, combined with past records of spent females, suggest spawning periods in late October/early November and April/May. These concur with two of the three periods of spawning suggested from previous studies of juvenile and adult L. gahi.

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7

Guerra, Angel, and Bernardino G. Castro. "Reproductive-somatic relationships in Loligo gahi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) from the Falkland Islands." Antarctic Science 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000271.

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Samples of Loligo gahi from the Falkland Islands Interim Conservation and Management Zone collected in March 1987 were analysed to determine the relationships between mass of reproductive and somatic organs during maturation. There was a progressive increase in mass of the reproductive organs with growth in males, while in females these organs did not show a conspicuous increase in mass until a body mass of c. 40 g was reached. No change was found in the mass of the digestive gland in relation to body mass or in the water content of male and female somatic tissues during maturation. Growth of reproductive organs in L. gahi seems to be supported by diet and not at the expense of somatic tissue.

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8

Agnew, D. J., R. Baranowski, J. R. Beddington, S. des Clers, and C. P. Nolan. "Approaches to assessing stocks of Loligo gahi around the Falkland Islands." Fisheries Research 35, no. 3 (May 1998): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(98)00083-6.

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9

Shaw, P. W., and G. J. Adcock. "Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for the Patagonian squid, Loligo gahi (Cephalopoda)." Molecular Ecology Notes 2, no. 3 (September 2002): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00235.x.

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10

Hatfield, E. M. C., and P. G. Rodhouse. "Distribution and abundance of juvenile Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters." Marine Biology 121, no. 2 (December 1994): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00346735.

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11

ARKHIPKIN, A. I., V. V. LAPTIKHOVSKY, and D. A. J. MIDDLETON. "ADAPTATIONS FOR COLD WATER SPAWNING IN LOLIGINID SQUID: LOLIGO GAHI IN FALKLAND WATERS." Journal of Molluscan Studies 66, no. 4 (November 2000): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/66.4.551.

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12

Agnew, David J., Simeon Hill, and John R. Beddington. "Predicting the recruitment strength of an annual squid stock: Loligo gahi around the Falkland Islands." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-240.

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Two cohorts of Loligo gahi recruit to the fishery around the Falkland Islands, the first in summer and the second in autumn-winter. We investigated factors affecting recruitment to these cohorts using 13 years of data (1987-1999). The first evidence for density-dependent effects on recruitment in a squid population is reported, with very high spawning stock biomass leading to a reduction in recruitment in both cohorts. October sea surface temperature was negatively correlated with recruitment to the second cohort 6 months later, and a linear model explained 66% of the variance in recruitment strength. A model combining sea surface temperature and spawning stock size explained 77% of the variance. Thus, low October temperatures and moderate stock sizes lead to higher recruitment the following year than high October temperatures and high stock sizes. A strong negative relationship was also found between sea surface temperature in May and the timing of recruitment to the first cohort the following January-February, suggesting that higher temperatures lead to faster development of embryos or paralarvae and earlier recruitment to the fishery. A predictive model of recruitment size and timing should enable better management of L. gahi.

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13

Arkhipkin, A., P. Brickle, V. Laptikhovsky, L. Butcher, E. Jones, M. Potter, and D. Poulding. "Variation in the diet of the red cod with size and season around the Falkland Islands (south-west Atlantic)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 6 (December 2001): 1035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401005021.

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Ontogenetic and seasonal variations in the diet were studied for a benthopelagic fish, the red cod Salilota australis (Pisces: Moridae) from the Falkland Islands shelf. The study revealed that small fish (<39 cm total length, TL) fed mainly on benthic gammarid amphipods, with squid Loligo gahi, Illex argentinus and the fish Patagonotothen spp. being of secondary importance. In medium sized fish (40–60 cm TL) the importance of fish in their diet increased, but benthic gammarid amphipods remained important, although their role decreased in the percentage by weight. Large fish (>61 cm TL) fed mainly upon Patagonotothen spp. which consisted of 90% by weight. Seasonal variations were analysed only for medium-sized fish. In February–June, S. australis fed mainly on benthic amphipods and Patagonotothen spp. In July–October, the squid Loligo gahi became the most common prey. In November–January benthic crustaceans reappeared in the diet, and Patagonotothen spp. became the most important prey item followed by benthic gammarid amphipods and the isopod Seriolis sp. The niche breadth was found to be similar in the different size groups (2·03–2·66), indicating that the fish fed on one to two abundant prey items in each group. The niche breadth of medium-sized fish varied seasonally reflecting the diversity of prey items utilized throughout the year.

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14

Roa-Ureta, Rubén H. "Modelling in-season pulses of recruitment and hyperstability-hyperdepletion in the Loligo gahi fishery around the Falkland Islands with generalized depletion models." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 8 (September 1, 2012): 1403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss110.

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Abstract Roa-Ureta, R. H. 2012. Modelling in-season pulses of recruitment and hyperstability-hyperdepletion in the Loligo gahi fishery around the Falkland Islands with generalized depletion models. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . The time-series of daily catch, fishing effort, and mean body mass of the summer fishing seasons of the squid, Loligo gahi, in the Falkland Islands from 1990 to 2009 are investigated with generalizations of depletion models that account for in-season pulses of recruitment (i.e. open populations) and non-linear relationships between catch as the response variable, and effort and abundance as the predictor variables. Two main results were found. First, stock dynamics are more complex than assumed by Leslie–Davis or De Lury depletion models, because in most years, there are several major in-season recruitment pulses, sometimes even larger than the pre-season pulse, contradicting the basic assumption of a decline in catch rates over the fishing season. Second, the fishery operates under a regime of hyperstability—catch rates decline slower than abundance—at low stock abundance and hyperdepletion—catch rates decline faster than abundance—at intermediate and high stock abundance. The hyperdepleted regime is far more prevalent, a result attributed to the availability of refuges from fishing operations, which may lower the abundance threshold to pass from the low-abundance hyperstable regime to the higher-abundance hyperdepleted regime.

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15

Hatfield, E. M. C., P. G. Rodhouse, and J. Porebski. "Demography and distribution of the Patagonian squid (Loligo gahi d'Orbigny) during the austral winter." ICES Journal of Marine Science 46, no. 3 (January 1, 1990): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/46.3.306.

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16

Arkhipkin, Alexander I., Steven E. Campana, Jennifer FitzGerald, and Simon R. Thorrold. "Spatial and temporal variation in elemental signatures of statoliths from the Patagonian longfin squid (Loligo gahi)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-075.

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We quantified elemental signatures in statoliths of 718 Patagonian longfin squid (Loligo gahi) collected in the vicinity of the Falkland Islands (southwest Atlantic) and at sites on the Patagonian Shelf and coastal Peru. All squid were assigned to a spawning cohort by size, spawning condition, and back-calculated spawning date based on daily increments in statoliths. The remaining statolith was then analyzed for six elemental ratios (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Pb/Ca) using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Elemental concentrations in the statoliths were broadly similar to other biogenic aragonites. Differences in Sr/Ca ratios in statoliths among geographic locations were generally consistent with a negative correlation between Sr/Ca and temperature. Variations in statolith Cd/Ca and Ba/Ca values confirmed that during winter months, the squid were foraging deeper in the water column. Both Mg/Ca and Mn/Ca ratios in statoliths decreased with squid size, probably corresponding to a decrease in the contribution of the organic component of the statolith. Elemental signatures in the statoliths of L. gahi varied significantly geographically and between spring- and autumn-spawned cohorts, which must therefore have spent significant portions of their life histories in different environments.

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17

Roa-Ureta, Rubén, and Alexander I. Arkhipkin. "Short-term stock assessment of Loligo gahi at the Falkland Islands: sequential use of stochastic biomass projection and stock depletion models." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 1 (November 3, 2006): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsl017.

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Abstract Roa-Ureta, R. and Arkhipkin, A. I. 2007. Short-term stock assessment of Loligo gahi at the Falkland Islands: sequential use of stochastic biomass projection and stock depletion models – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 3–17. Two short-term stock assessment models are combined to examine the pre-season, in-season, and post-season dynamics of the Loligo gahi fishery off the Falkland Islands over four consecutive fishing seasons. A stochastic biomass projection model (SBPM) projects a pre-season survey-based biomass estimate from the date of the survey to the start of the season. A stock depletion model (SDM) assesses in-season biomass from commercial daily catch-and-effort data. The SBPM projects the SDM biomass estimate at the end of the season to a post-season date of spawning. Combining the SBPM and the SDM helps to clarify the spatio-temporal functioning of the stock and to assess the comparability of survey- and fishery-based estimates of biomass. For the first 2005 season, projected length frequencies indicate two pulses of recruitment onto the fishing grounds. Survey-based projections of biomass were lower than equivalent fishery-based estimates. Over two surveys, the sex ratio was balanced, suggesting full recruitment of both sexes onto the fishing grounds, and the ratio of survey-projected to fishing-estimated biomass was constant. This constant is interpreted as a scaling factor between survey biomass and absolute biomass.

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18

Villegas, Piero. "Growth, life cycle and fishery biology of Loligo gahi (d’Orbigny, 1835) off the Peruvian coast." Fisheries Research 54, no. 1 (December 2001): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(01)00376-9.

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19

Cinti, Ana, Pedro J. Barón, and Andrés L. Rivas. "The effects of environmental factors on the embryonic survival of the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 313, no. 2 (December 2004): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.05.017.

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20

Clarke, Malcolm, and Natalie Goodall. "Cephalopods in the diets of three odontocete cetacean species stranded at Tierra del Fuego, Globicephala melaena (Traill, 1809), Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882 and Cephalorhynchus commersonii (Lacepede, 1804)." Antarctic Science 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000234.

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Cephalopod remains from the stomachs of four pilot whales Globicephala melaena (Traill, 1809), two bottlenose whales Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882 and eight Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii (Lacepede, 1804) stranded in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina were identified and measured. A total of 3365 lower beaks (mandibles) were identified and measured and from the rostral, crest and hood length, total wet and dry mass, mean mass and mean mantle length for each taxon were estimated. Over 68% of the cephalopods eaten by the pilot whales and all cephalopods eaten by the bottlenose whales were oceanic squid species (oegopsids). The Commerson's dolphins had only eaten shelf species of the families Loliginidae (97.5%) and Octopodinae (2.5%). Sixteen cephalopod families comprising 23 species were represented. In samples from Globicephala melaena, Loligo gahi represented 31% by number and 7.1% by estimated dry mass, Histioteuthis eltaninae, 29% by number and 4.9% by dry mass and the onychoteuthid Moroteuthis ingens 17.2% by number and 51.5% by dry mass. In samples from Hyperoodon planifrons, Histioteuthis eltaninae represented 24.0% of cephalopods by number but only 5.2% by dry mass, Taonius pavo 53% by number but only 2.5% by dry mass and the large onychoteuthid Kondakovia longimana only 2.5% by number but 65.8% by dry mass. In samples from Cephalorhynchus commersonii, the neritic Loligo gahi contributed 97.4% by number and 97% by dry mass and a neritic octopodinid contributed the rest of the cephalopod part of the diet. While the cephalopods contributed the major part of the diets of these particular cetaceans, other remains included fish and polychaete worms.

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21

Carvalho, G. R., and K. H. Loney. "Biochemical genetic studies on the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny. I. Electrophoretic survey of genetic variability." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 126, no. 3 (March 1989): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(89)90189-5.

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22

Hatfield, E. "Objective assessment of maturity in the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) from Falkland Islands waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 56, no. 5 (October 1999): 746–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1999.0514.

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23

Laptikhovsky, V. V., A. I. Arkhipkin, and A. C. Henderson. "Feeding habits and dietary overlap in spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias (Squalidae) and narrowmouth catshark Schroederichthys bivius (Scyliorhinidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 6 (December 2001): 1015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004994.

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Spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and narrowmouth catshark Schroederichthys bivius are the only two shark species commonly inhabiting the Falkland Islands shelf. The present study was undertaken to investigate their feeding habits and possible dietary overlap between the species. The diet of the spiny dogfish was dominated by Falkland herring Sprattus fuegensis and squid Loligo gahi, though it also preyed on a wide range of other fish and invertebrates. Catsharks showed a preference for invertebrates. The diet of both species showed marked variations with season, and ontogenic shifts were also evident. Dietary overlap was minimal in winter (15·4%) and maximal in spring (61·1%), the latter being due to both species preying upon spawning aggregations of S. fuegensis.

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24

McAllister, Murdoch K., Simeon L. Hill, David J. Agnew, Geoffrey P. Kirkwood, and John R. Beddington. "A Bayesian hierarchical formulation of the De Lury stock assessment model for abundance estimation of Falkland Islands' squid (Loligo gahi)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 1048–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-084.

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In stock assessments of short-lived species, De Lury depletion models are commonly applied in which commercial catches and changing catch rates are used to estimate resource abundance. These methods are applied within fishing seasons to decide when to close the fishery and can be reliable if the data show a distinct decline in response to the catch removals. However, this is not always the case, particularly when sampling error variation masks trends in abundance. This paper presents a Bayesian hierarchical formulation of the De Lury model in which data from previous years are combined hierarchically in the same stock assessment model to improve parameter estimation for future stock assessments. The improved precision in parameter estimates is demonstrated using data for the Falkland Islands' Loligo gahi squid fishery.

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Agnew, D. J., J. R. Beddington, and S. L. Hill. "The potential use of environmental information to manage squid stocks." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-150.

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Most commercially exploited squid species have short life cycles and stocks composed of recruits from a single cohort, the size of which is unknown prior to the fishing season. Recent studies suggest that strong environmentrecruitment relationships may exist for a number of squid stocks. Using simulation models based on Falkland Island Patagonian squid (Loligo gahi), the recruit abundance of which is predicted by sea-surface temperature, we propose a method for using predictive relationships in the management of squid populations. We compare a management strategy based on recruitment prediction with historical data from the fishery, which was managed in the absence of these predictions. Our results suggest that varying effort on the basis of an environmental correlate of recruitment can reduce the risk of not meeting conservation targets while increasing yield. Effort has to be reduced in years of low abundance but licensing additional effort in years of high abundance increases long-term average catches. Even if effort levels were not allowed to vary by more than 50% between years, a management strategy for L. gahi based on prediction would have resulted in higher average catches and a reduced probability of the stock biomass falling below a notional conservation limit.

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Arkhipkin, Alexander I., and David A. J. Middleton. "Inverse patterns in abundance of Illex argentinus and Loligo gahi in Falkland waters: possible interspecific competition between squid?" Fisheries Research 59, no. 1-2 (December 2002): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(01)00414-3.

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LAPTIKHOVSKY, V. V., and A. I. ARKHIPKIN. "OOGENESIS AND GONAD DEVELOPMENT IN THE COLD WATER LOLIGINID SQUID LOLIGO GAHI (CEPHALOPODA: MYOPSIDA) ON THE FALKLAND SHELF." Journal of Molluscan Studies 67, no. 4 (November 2001): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/67.4.475.

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28

Arkhipkin, A. I., R. Grzebielec, A. M. Sirota, A. V. Remeslo, I. A. Polishchuk, and D. A. J. Middleton. "The influence of seasonal environmental changes on ontogenetic migrations of the squid Loligo gahi on the Falkland shelf." Fisheries Oceanography 13, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00269.x.

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Arkhipkin, A. I., V. V. Laptikhovsky, A. M. Sirota, and R. Grzebielec. "The role of the Falkland Current in the dispersal of the squid Loligo gahi along the Patagonian Shelf." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 67, no. 1-2 (March 2006): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.11.017.

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30

Brickle, Paul, Peter D. Olson, D. Timothy J. Littlewood, Antony Bishop, and Alexander I. Arkhipkin. "Parasites of Loligo gahi from waters off the Falkland Islands, with a phylogenetically based identification of their cestode larvae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 2289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-189.

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One thousand and ninety-six longfin Patagonian squid, Loligo gahi, were collected from waters off the Falkland Islands over a period of 1 year and 4 months and examined for helminths. Cestode and Anisakis sp. (Nematoda) larvae were present throughout the study, but occurred at low rates. The pooled data showed prevalences of 5.75 and 2.46%, respectively. An adult digenean, Derogenes varicus, was found in a single instance and was thus considered an accidental infection. Parasite parameters were not significantly correlated with either host sex or seasonality. Stomach contents of the squid revealed a highly varied diet, although krill, amphipods, and chaetognaths were the dominant prey items. To aid in the identification of the cestode larvae, a subsample of 14 plerocercoids was characterized for the D2 variable region of the nuclear lsrDNA gene and compared with both published cestode lsrDNA sequences as well as that of six additional adult tetraphyllidean cestode species sequenced herein. Direct sequence comparison showed that 12 of the 14 plerocercoids were identical with each other and differed by a single transition (of a total of 658 base pairs) from the tetraphyllidean Clistobothrium montaukensis, and another plerocercoid differed by two transitions from the trypanorhynch Grillotia erinaceus. The remaining pleroceroid sequence was identified through phylogenetic analysis as being closer to the tetraphyllidean Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum than to any other taxon analyzed, but may not be congeneric, given its relatively high degree of divergence from C. xanthocephalum.

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ARKHIPKIN, A. I., and D. A. J. MIDDLETON. "IN-SITU MONITORING OF THE DURATION OF EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE SQUID LOLIGO GAHI (CEPHALOPODA: LOLIGINIDAE) ON THE FALKLAND SHELF." Journal of Molluscan Studies 69, no. 2 (May 2003): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/69.2.123.

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Scherbich, J. N., P. W. Shaw, A. I. Arkhipkin, G. J. Adcock, W. J. Burnett, G. R. Carvalho, and P. A. Villegas. "DNA markers indicate that distinct spawning cohorts and aggregations of Patagonian squid, Loligo gahi , do not represent genetically discrete subpopulations." Marine Biology 144, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1260-z.

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Brickle, Paul, Peter D. Olson, D. Timothy J. Littlewood, Antony Bishop, and Alexander I. Arkhipkin. "Parasites of Loligo gahi from waters off the Falkland Islands, with a phylogenetically based identification of their cestode larvae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 12 (2001): 2289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-79-12-2289.

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Patterson, KR. "Life history of Patagonian squid Loligo gahi and growth parameter estimates using least-squares fits to linear and von Bertalanffy models." Marine Ecology Progress Series 47 (1988): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps047065.

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35

Hatfield, Emma M. C. "Do some like it hot? Temperature as a possible determinant of variability in the growth of the Patagonian squid, Loligo gahi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)." Fisheries Research 47, no. 1 (June 2000): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(99)00127-7.

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Carvalho, G. R., and T. J. Pitcher. "Biochemical genetic studies on the Patagonian squid Loligo gahi d'Orbigny. II. Population structure in Falkland waters using isozymes, morphometrics and life history data." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 126, no. 3 (March 1989): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(89)90190-1.

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Arkhipkin, A. I., D. A. J. Middleton, A. M. Sirota, and R. Grzebielec. "The effect of Falkland Current inflows on offshore ontogenetic migrations of the squid Loligo gahi on the southern shelf of the Falkland Islands." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 60, no. 1 (May 2004): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.016.

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Bustos, Raimundo L., Gustavo A. Daneri, Alejandra V. Volpedo, Ana Harrington, and Esperanza A. Varela. "The diet of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) at Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina, during the winter-spring period." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 102, no. 4 (December 2012): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212012000400005.

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Abstract:

The South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800) population is steadily expanding along the Patagonian coast of Argentina in the last decades. However, little is known about the feeding ecology of the species in the area. The aim of this study was to analyze the food habits of O. flavescens from 91 scats collected at Río Negro province, during the winter and spring of 2005. Fish occurred in 96% of scats containing prey remains, followed by cephalopods (26%). Raneya brasiliensis (Kaup, 1856) was the most frequent and abundant species occurring in 58.6% of samples and constituting almost 50% of fish predated. Second in importance were Porichthys porosissimus (Cuvier, 1829) and Cynoscion guatucupa (Cuvier, 1830) in terms of occurrence (%FO 20.7) and numbers (29.6%) respectively. The squid Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) was the most frequent cephalopod prey (42.1%), whereas Octopus tehuelchus (d'Orbigny, 1834) was the most abundant (77%). The higher amount and diversity of prey found in the spring in comparison with the winter season might be related to a higher feeding activity of seals or to a seasonal increase in food availability in the area.

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Sielfeld, Walter, Jorge Barraza, and Nelson Amado. "Patrones locales de alimentación del león marino sudamericano Otaria byronia: el caso de Punta Patache, Norte de Chile." Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 53, no. 3 (January 10, 2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2018.53.3.1356.

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Mediante análisis de fecas se estudiaron los hábitos alimentarios del león marino sudamericano (Otaria byronia) (LMS) en Punta Patache, norte de Chile durante 2 periodos El Niño (1997/98 y 2009/10). Las muestras fecales (n= 183) fueron colectadas en la lobera de Punta Patache, sur de Iquique (20º48’63’’S). Se identificaron 10 especies de presas neríticas (incluyendo 4 peces, 2 cefalópodos y 3 crustáceos). Los más importantes para el conjunto de ambos períodos fueron en términos de abundancia la anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) (7,4%), el langostino (Pleuroncodes monodon) (83,0%) y el calamar (Loligo gahi) (6,9%). En términos de biomasa consumida destacaron el calamar (35,7%) y el langostino (21,9%). En términos de aportes energéticos a la dieta, los más importantes fueron el langostino (19,9-32,7%) y el calamar (24,9-40,5%), en lípidos la anchoveta (31,8-36,4%) y en proteína el calamar (20,9-41,0%) y el langostino (22,5-29,9%). La comparación con resultados de estudios anteriores bajo condiciones ENOS neutrales/frías (1996 y 2015) destaca mayor consumo de anchoveta (82,8% y 23,3-48,4%, respectivamente). Sobre esta base se concluye que frente a la falta de anchoveta durante el desarrollo de eventos ENOS, el LMS ajustaría su dieta a otros recursos, situación que determina un ‘estrés nutricional’ derivado de una nutrición inadecuada, cuyas consecuencias son reducción del crecimiento, bajas en la tasa de natalidad, enfermedades, desnutrición y en muchos casos muerte, tal como se ha reportado para los ENOS fuertes 1982/83 y 1997/98.

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Phillips, Katrina L., Peter D. Nichols, and George D. Jackson. "Dietary variation of the squid Moroteuthis ingens at four sites in the Southern Ocean: stomach contents, lipid and fatty acid profiles." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 3 (April 9, 2003): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007446h.

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Specimens of the onychoteuthid squid Moroteuthis ingens were collected from four sites in the Southern Ocean: Macquarie Island, the Falkland Islands, the Chatham Rise (New Zealand) and the Campbell Plateau (New Zealand). Spatial variations in diet among these areas were investigated using stomach contents and lipid and fatty acid profiles. Myctophid fish were prominent prey items at all sites, and the diet at New Zealand sites contained temperate myctophid species that were not identified at other sites. The diet at the Falkland Islands differed considerably from other sites due to the large proportion of cephalopod prey that had been consumed by M. ingens. This is likely to be due to the absence of key myctophids, such as Electrona carlsbergi, and the abundance of smaller squid such as Loligo gahi and juvenile M. ingens over the Patagonian Shelf. Stomach contents data could not be used effectively to determine dietary differences between the Chatham Rise and Campbell Plateau, largely due to differences in sample sizes between these sites. Lipid class and fatty acid profiles of the digestive gland indicated that the diet of M. ingens differed significantly between the Chatham Rise and Campbell Plateau, despite the relative proximity of these sites. We conclude from total lipid content that this was due to a reduction in food availability to M. ingens at the Campbell Plateau. The highly productive waters of the Subtropical Front pass over the Chatham Rise, whereas the Campbell Plateau is situated in less productive sub-Antarctic water. Differences in oceanographic conditions are likely to have driven dietary variations between these two sites.

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Hatfield, Emma M. C., and Paul G. Rodhouse. "Migration as a source of bias in the measurement of cephalopod growth." Antarctic Science 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000283.

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Theory predicts that, in a closed exploited population showing no sampling or other bias, the mean age of fish or squid between one sampling date and the next should increase by the time interval between samples. Age data, derived from statoliths, have been used to test the hypothesis that the effect of migration through an area where a population of Loligo gahi is sampled would be apparent as an increase in mean age per modal group of less than one day per daily time interval between samples. The data show that, in both females and males, the relationship between mean statolith increment number and elapsed time between samples is positive in some months and negative in others. The months in which the relationship between mean increment number and elapsed time is negative are similar to those months in which recruitment has previously been demonstrated to occur, in February, April/May and September for both females and males. Cohorts of squid remain available to the fishery from June–September (females) and February–May and June–July (males) thus allowing mean monthly growth rates of 0.4 mm d−1 for females and 0.7 mm d−1 for males to be calculated. The present study shows that putative age data derived from statoliths apparently demonstrate some sampling biases within a fishery and their effects on the measurement of growth. Migration through the sampled population is manifested by an increase in mean increment number of less than one per day between samples, and growth can only be assessed where the increase in mean increment number is not significantly different from the time elapsed between samples.

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Cardoso, Franz, Juan Tarazona, and Carlos Paredes. "Aspectos biológicos del calamar patagónico Loligo gahi (Cephalopodo: Loliginidae) en Huarmey, Perú." Revista Peruana de Biología 5, no. 1 (June 9, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v5i1.8316.

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Laptikhovsky, Vladimir. "New data on spawning and bathymetric distribution of the Patagonian squid, Loligo gahi." Marine Biodiversity Records 1 (January 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175526720700560x.

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Ibáñez, Christian M., Javier Chong, and M. Cecilia Pardo-Gandarillas. "Relaciones somatométricas y reproductivas del calamar Loligo gahi Orbigny, 1835 en bahía Concepción, Chile." Investigaciones marinas 33, no. 2 (November 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71782005000200009.

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Cardoso, Franz, Paul Baltazar, and Jorge Bautista. "El desarrollo temprano del calamar patagónico Loligo gahi D’Orbigny,1835 en aguas peruanas (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)." Revista Peruana de Biología 12, no. 3 (May 31, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v12i3.2412.

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Flores, Lorenzo A., and David E. Garland. "Descripción de los estatolitos y relaciones morfométricas y gravimétricas en el calamar patagónico (Loligo gahi ) (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)." Revista de biología marina y oceanografía 37, no. 1 (July 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-19572002000100004.

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Vega, Marco A., Francisco J. Rocha, and Cecilia Osorio. "Morfometría comparada de los estatolitos del calamar Loligo gahi d'Orbigny, 1835 (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) del norte de Perú e islas Falkland." Investigaciones marinas 29, no. 1 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-71782001000100001.

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