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1
Bailey, Richard. "Collective clientelism: the Lomé Conventions and North-South relations and The Lomé Agreement, Europe and the Third World." International Affairs 62, no. 1 (1985): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618096.
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Crawford, Gordon. "Whither Lomé? The Mid-Term Review and the Decline of Partnership." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 3 (September 1996): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055579.
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The signing in Mauritius on 4 November 1995 of the amended fourth Lomé Convention, the aid and trade co-operation agreement between the European Union (EU) and the ACP Group of 70 African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries, brought the Mid-Term Review to its formal completion after protracted negotiations. Established in 1975, Lomé has long been the centre-piece of EU development assistance. In quantitative terms, the European Development Fund, the financial instrument of Lomé, has comprised the largest single portion of EU aid, averaging almost 45 per cent of all disbursements in recent years.1 Qualitatively, Lomé has been regarded as a model of North—South cooperation, mainly due to three special features: it was founded on the principles of equality, mutual respect, and interdependence; it is a legally binding contract negotiated between two sets of countries; and it involves ongoing dialogue through three joint institutions, the ACP—EU Council of Ministers, the Committee of Ambassadors, and the ‘parliamentary’ Joint Assembly.
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Alao, Abiodun, and Comfort Ero. "Cut short for taking short cuts: The Lomé peace agreement on Sierra Leone." Civil Wars 4, no. 3 (September 2001): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698240108402481.
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Binningsbø, Helga Malmin, and Kendra Dupuy. "Using Power-Sharing to Win a War: The Implementation of the Lomé Agreement in Sierra Leone." Africa Spectrum 44, no. 3 (December 2009): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203970904400305.
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To end the civil war in Sierra Leone the government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) signed a peace agreement guaranteeing power-sharing in July 1999. Such power-sharing is a widely used, often recommended political arrangement to overcome deep divisions between groups. However, scholars disagree on whether power-sharing causes peace, or, on the contrary, causes continuing violence. One reason for this is the literature's tendency to neglect how power-sharing is actually put into place. But post-agreement implementation is essential if we are to judge the performance of power-sharing. Therefore, we investigate the role played by power-sharing in terminating the civil war in Sierra Leone. We argue that the government was able to use the peace agreement to pursue its goal of ending the war through marginalising the RUF.
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Hirsh, Bruce R. "The WTO Bananas Decision: Cutting Through the Thicket." Leiden Journal of International Law 11, no. 2 (June 1998): 201–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156598000168.
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The Bananas decision demonstrated that WTO dispute settlement panels and the Appellate Body are capable of effectively and clearly analyzing whether extremely complex measures are consistent with WTO rules. The trade-liberalizing decision established the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) as a meaningful constraint on discriminatory measures with an impact on both goods and services and clarified the nature of the GATS Most-Favoured Nation (MFN) obligation. The decision also severely constrained the ability of the EU to justify non-tariff discriminatory measures such as the quota allocation system at issue in Bananas based on the Lomé waiver.
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Voiculescu∗, Aurora. "UNORTHODOX HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS: THE ACP‐EU DEVELOPMENT CO‐OPERATION FROM THE LOMÉ CONVENTIONS TO THE COTONOU AGREEMENT." Journal of Commonwealth Law and Legal Education 4, no. 1 (April 2006): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050710600800145.
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Schütze, Robert. "EU Development Policy: Constitutional and Legislative Foundation(s)." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888713809813530.
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AbstractThe Union’s constitutional regime for development policy has traditionally progressed alongside two parallel tracks. In addition to a general regime for all developing countries, there exists a special regime for African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries (ACP countries). The Union’s general development policy originated as a flanking policy within the Common Commercial Policy. This trade-centricity was only relativised by the insertion of an express development aid competence in 1992. The Union’s development cooperation competence can today be found in Article 209 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and allows the Union to adopt legislative acts or conclude international agreements to reduce poverty within developing countries. By contrast, the Union’s special development regime has had a very different constitutional source. It stemmed from the ‘colonial’ association to the Union (qua its Member States) of certain dependent ‘oversees countries and territories’ for which the 1957 Treaty of Rome had provided a limited development competence. Once these countries gained independence in the 1960s, however, the Union had to transfer this special regime to its contractual association competence under Article 217 TFEU. The association regime for ACP countries has itself undergone a number of significant changes with the transition from the Lomé Convention(s) to the Cotonou Agreement.
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Schütze, Robert. "EU Development Policy: Constitutional and Legislative Foundation(s)." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003219.
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Abstract The Union’s constitutional regime for development policy has traditionally progressed alongside two parallel tracks. In addition to a general regime for all developing countries, there exists a special regime for African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries (ACP countries). The Union’s general development policy originated as a flanking policy within the Common Commercial Policy. This trade-centricity was only relativised by the insertion of an express development aid competence in 1992. The Union’s development cooperation competence can today be found in Article 209 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and allows the Union to adopt legislative acts or conclude international agreements to reduce poverty within developing countries. By contrast, the Union’s special development regime has had a very different constitutional source. It stemmed from the ‘colonial’ association to the Union (qua its Member States) of certain dependent ‘oversees countries and territories’ for which the 1957 Treaty of Rome had provided a limited development competence. Once these countries gained independence in the 1960s, however, the Union had to transfer this special regime to its contractual association competence under Article 217 TFEU. The association regime for ACP countries has itself undergone a number of significant changes with the transition from the Lomé Convention(s) to the Cotonou Agreement.
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McQueen, Matthew. "Lomé Versus Free Trade Agreements: The Dilemma Facing the ACP Countries." World Economy 21, no. 4 (June 1998): 421–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00140.
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Nunn, Alex, and Sophia Price. "Managing Development: EU and African Relations through the Evolution of the Lomé and Cotonou Agreements." Historical Materialism 12, no. 4 (2004): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206043505220.
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Cassese, A. "The Special Court and International Law: The Decision Concerning the Lome Agreement Amnesty." Journal of International Criminal Justice 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 1130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/2.4.1130.
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McCann, Gerard. "The rise and fall of associationism: The Yaoundé and Lomé conventions." Studia z Polityki Publicznej, no. 3(27) (October 28, 2020): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kszpp/2020.3.1.
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The immediate post-colonial period offered opportunities as well as formidable challenges for former colonies of European powers. While colonial mentalities still pervaded in many European capitals and paternalism remained pervasive throughout the political diplomacy of the period, other perspectives were emerging. Through innovative policy engagements that occurred in the late 1950s and into the 1960s, a new sense of transnational purpose could be seen which presented former colonies with partnership options that were seemingly and practically outside the context of the historic geo-economic imposition. Whereas some European powers continued to exert overly dismissive attitudes to African engagement and society, other approaches experimented with developmental policies that were lauded by both sides at the time. This article will look at the practice and policies of associationism - the outworking of the Yaounde and Lome agreements - and will look at the formative international cooperation policies of the European Community (EC), as it evolved through the period when former European colonies were attaining independence. Finally, it will survey the reasons for the demise of associationism and speculate on the onset of what some have described as "neo-colonalism" (Langan, 2018: 1-32; Nkrumah, 1965).
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Pereira, Arpitha. "Comparing the corneal curvatures obtained from three different keratometers-IOL Master, Bausch & Lomb Manual keratometer and TOPCON KR 8800 autokeratometer." International Eye Research 1, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ier.2020.01.03.
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AIM: To compare the corneal curvature and to investigate the agreement between three different keratometers. METHODS: In this prospective study, keratometry was performed using an IOL Master, a Bausch & Lomb manual keratometer and TOPCON KR-8800 autokeratometer on 252 eyes of patients recruited from camps for cataract surgery. The average keratometry values were recorded and compared. The agreements between the instruments were analyzed using the Bland Altman statistical method. The main outcome measure was average keratometry values.RESULTS: The mean corneal power was 44.62±1.52 D with the IOL Master, 44.60±1.52 D with the manual keratometer, and 44.46±1.53 D with the autokeratometer. The paired t test demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the mean corneal power between the IOL Master and manual keratometer (P=0.001), IOL Master and autokeratometer (P<0.0001), autokeratometer and manual keratometer (P<0.0001). The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of the IOL Master and manual keratometer were -0.22 to 0.26; IOL Master and autokeratometer were -0.24 to 0.55; autokeratometer and manual keratometer were -0.30 to 0.57 as shown in the Bland-Altman plot. CONCLUSION: Keratometry data obtained with different instruments may not be interchangeable, a fact that has important implications for cataract surgeons with respect to both surgical planning and outcomes auditing.
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Palafox, Jorge, James E. Pointer, Julie Martchenke, Marie Kleinrock, and Janet Michaelis. "The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake: Issues in Medical Control." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 8, no. 4 (December 1993): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00040528.
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AbstractIntroduction:The role of the base-hospital and on-line medical control in a disaster has not been investigated previously. This study assesses the roles of base-hospitals and the value and feasibility of on-line medical control during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.Methods:The researchers studied five Bay Area counties most affected by the earthquake: San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz. Researchers sent questionnaires to all 1,498 registered EMTs and paramedics in these counties; 620 were returned (41.4%). Respondents answered questions about activities performed, contacts with base-hospitals and other agencies, and problems encountered the night of the earthquake. Researchers selected 63 paramedics for in-depth interviews based on their performance of significant advanced life support (ALS) activities performed during the disaster. The coordinators of the 13 base-hospitals (BHCs) in the region also received and returned questionnaires about medical control, base-hospital roles during the disaster, and problems encountered. Researchers interviewed all five county emergency medical services (EMS) agency directors.Results:The surveys of EMS directors, base-hospital coordinators, and paramedics indicate that confusion existed over the status of medical control after the earthquake. There was general agreement among base-hospital coordinators (BHCs) that suspension of medical control is appropriate in a major disaster.Three bases had appropriate equipment to function as back-up dispatch centers. Eight bases had adequate personnel, but only one BHC felt his personnel had adequate training to function in a dispatch capacity. Nine paramedics did not start or continue resuscitation on patients whom they ordinarily would have begun resuscitation.Conclusion:Emergency medical services should suspend medical control immediately following a major disaster and ensure that all prehospital and base personnel are notified. Disrupted communications protocols for prehospital personnel should reflect the skill and knowledge level of paramedics and the need for rapid, advanced practice in a disaster. Disaster planners should consider other roles for base hospitals in major disasters.
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Park, Joohyuk, Moon K. Kang, and H. Thomas Hahn. "Composite Material Based Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) Process Simulation." Advanced Composites Letters 10, no. 5 (September 2001): 096369350101000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350101000504.
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In laminated object manufacturing process (LOM) as a rapid manufacturing technique, the key process parameters for achieving a successful prototype are the roller temperature, the roller speed, the roller indentation and the laser cutting time. In addition to these basic process parameters, the material properties and the configuration of the parts affect the internal stresses, local deformations built during the process and the bonding quality. A finite element method was adopted to simulate the thermal aspects of the bonding process along with the structural deformation of the part. Thermal and stress analysis was carried out to calculate the interlaminar shear strength between layers. Experiments were conducted to verify the simulation result for the internal temperature profiles. The finished prototype was tested mechanically to measure interlaminar shear strength to estimate the bonding quality. The calculated bonding quality was compared with the bonding strength converted from the measured interlaminar shear strength, showing a good agreement between the two. In compliance with the increasing demand for high-strength working prototypes, the developed simulation code can simulate the incorporation of new material for the LOM process.
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Hurt, Stephen R. "Co-operation and coercion? The Cotonou Agreement between the European Union and acp states and the end of the Lome´ Convention." Third World Quarterly 24, no. 1 (February 2003): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713701373.
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Ternstedt, Patrik, Gunilla Runnsjö, Anders Tilliander, Jesper Janis, Nils Å. I. Andersson, and Pär G. Jönsson. "Methods to Determine Characteristics of AOD-Converter Decarburization-Slags." Metals 10, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030308.
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Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) converter slags are known to consist of both liquid and solid phases, but limited information on the slag characteristics has been published in the open literature. Therefore, a new methodology to study the characteristics of slag samples taken from the AOD converter process during production was developed based on petrography. The results show that the preparations of the slag samples using the borax method are suitable to use when determining the chemical composition of AOD slag samples using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. The results also showed that both the light optical microscopy (LOM) method and a method combining scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) can be used to characterize the slag samples and that the correlation between the methods was found to be good. This means that it is possible to use the faster LOM method instead of the more complicated SEM-EDS method to characterize AOD slag samples. Finally, the results show that the difference between calculated values based on stoichiometry and measured data for Ca and Cr in AOD slags are 11.7 mass% and 11.3 mass%, respectively. This is considered to be a good agreement for industrial samples.
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Sirirat, Rawiwan, Celine Heskey, Christine Wilson, Edward Bitok, Julie Jones, Abigail Clarke, and Joan Sabaté. "A Comparison of Body Composition Measurements Between Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (InBody 570) and Air Displacement Plethysmography (BOD POD®)." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_087.
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Abstract Objectives The accurate measurement of body composition is important in both research and clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare the InBody relative to the BOD POD®. The latter is widely recognized as one of the most accurate methods to measure human body composition. Methods In the context of a clinical trial of 35 free-living non-athletic individuals [80% F, ages 40–69 years, BMI 25–34 kg/m2], we compared body composition measurements utilizing Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP). ADP was conducted in a BOD POD® (Cosmed USA Inc., Concord, CA, USA) and BIA measured using InBody 570 (In Body, Cerritos, CA, USA). Body measurements included total body weight, fat mass and fat-free mass which were obtained in kilograms following manufacturer instructions. Spearman's rank (rs) and Pearson correlations (r) were used to evaluate the agreement between the two instruments. Results The BOD POD® and InBody measurements were strongly correlated. Correlation was strongest for total body weight (rs (35) = .99, P < .0001), followed by fat mass (r (35) = .93, P < .0001). The lowest correlation was observed for fat-free mass (rs (35) = .79, P < .0001). Conclusions The InBody 570 is reliable and compares favorably to the BOD POD®. Hence, it can be used in clinical settings and epidemiological studies as a practical and relatively inexpensive alternative to the BodPod and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Funding Sources Nutrition Research Center, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Borggren, Ulrika, Göran Engberg, and Tadeusz Siwecki. "A Model for Particle Dissolution and Precipitation in HSLA Steels." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.714.
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Precipitation of carbonitrides has been studied in as-cast slabs of one Nb and one Nb and Ti containing HSLA steel. The precipitates have been quantified using LOM and TEM. The measured size and number distributions was then compared to model calculations of precipitate nucleation and growth using estimates of the cooling rates in the austenitic range (1490oC to 800oC) during casting. Both average size and number distributions could be modelled with good agreement using identical model parameters (except for individual diffusion coefficients for the participating species). The model is based on classic nucleation rate theory and a quasistationary approximation for growth of spherical particles. Local equilibrium is assumed at the phase boundary.
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Frankel, Arthur. "Simulating strong motions of large earthquakes using recordings of small earthquakes: the Loma Prieta mainshock as a test case." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 85, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 1144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0850041144.
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Abstract A simple method is developed for predicting ground motions for future large earthquakes for specific sites by summing and filtering recordings of adjacent small earthquakes. This method is tested by simulating strong-motion records for the Loma Prieta earthquake (M 7.0) using aftershocks (M 3.7 to 4.0) recorded at the same sites. I use an asperity rupture model where the rms stress drop averaged over the fault plane is constant with moment. The observed spectra indicate that stress drop remains constant from the M 3 aftershocks up to the M 7 mainshock, about six orders of magnitude in seismic moment. Each simulation sums the seismogram of one aftershock with time delays appropriate for propagating rupture and incorporates directivity and site response. The simulation scales the spectrum in accordance with a constant stress drop, ω−2 source model. In this procedure, the high-frequency energy of the aftershock sum above the corner frequency of the aftershock is not reduced when it is convolved with the mainshock slip velocity function, unlike most previous methods of summation. For most cases, the spectra (0.6 to 20 Hz), peak accelerations, and durations of the simulated mainshock records are in good agreement with the observed strong-motion records, even though only one aftershock waveform was used in each simulation. This agreement indicates that the response of these soil sites is essentially linear for accelerations up to about 0.3 g. The summed aftershock records display the same site-dependent values of fmax as the mainshock records, implying that fmax is a site effect rather than a property of the mainshock rupture process.
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Xie, Zhi, Terry W. Spencer, Philip D. Rabinowitz, and Davis A. Fahlquist. "A new regional hypocenter location method." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 946–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860040946.
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Abstract A new regional hypocenter location method is presented in this article to address location problems associated with sparse station distributions and lack of velocity information. For an arbitrary slowness structure, an unknown parameter, slowness deviation, is introduced to construct a more precise slowness model than a homogeneous slowness model. By incorporating a genetic algorithm, the new method yields reasonable solutions for epicenters and origin times both inside and outside the seismic network. The synthetic data tests indicate that outside the network the new method gives excellent results for epicenter locations compared with Geiger's method, even when Geiger's method is used with the true velocity structure. The relocation of the Loma Prieta mainshock and 26 aftershocks occurring within the first 24 h after the mainshock by using the new hypocenter location method places the aftershocks an average of 2.29 km to the southwest of the locations published by the Northern California Earthquake Data Center. The new locations are in better agreement with the geodetic measurements.
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Zhang, G., P. K. Robertson, and R. W. I. Brachman. "Estimating liquefaction-induced ground settlements from CPT for level ground." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 1168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-047.
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An integrated approach to estimate liquefaction-induced ground settlements using CPT data for sites with level ground is presented. The approach combines an existing CPT-based method to estimate liquefaction resistance with laboratory test results on clean sand to evaluate the liquefaction-induced volumetric strains for sandy and silty soils. The proposed method was used to estimate the settlements at both the Marina District and Treasure Island sites damaged by liquefaction during the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake on 17 October 1989. Good agreement between the calculated and measured liquefaction-induced ground settlements was found. The major factors that affect the estimation of liquefaction-induced ground settlements are also discussed in detail. The recommendations for taking the effects of these factors into account in estimating liquefaction-induced ground settlements using the proposed CPT-based approach are presented. It is suggested that the proposed method may be used to estimate liquefaction-induced settlements for low- to medium-risk projects and also to provide preliminary estimates for higher risk projects.Key words: liquefaction, settlements, earthquake, sand, in situ testing.
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Hartzell, Stephen H. "Site response estimation from earthquake data." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 2308–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0820062308.
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Abstract Aftershocks of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake are used to estimate site response along the San Francisco Peninsula. A total of 215 shear-wave records from 24 sources and 21 sites are used in a linear inversion for source and site response spectra. The methodology makes no assumptions about the shape of the source spectrum. However, to obtain a stable, unique inverse a Q model and geometrical spreading factor are assumed, as well as a constraint on site response that sets the site response averaged over two specific stations to 1.0. Site responses calculated by this formulation of the problem are compared with other studies in the same region that use different methodologies and / or data. The shear-wave site responses compare favorably with estimates based on an ω2-constrained source model. Comparison with coda amplification factors is not as close, but still favorable considering that the coda values were determined for nearby locations with similar geology, and not the same sites. The degree of agreement between the three methods is encouraging considering the very different assumptions and data used.
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Manyeruke, Charity, and Lawrence Mhandara. "Reflecting on Namibia’s Position in the European Union (EU)-Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) Negotiations and the Lessons for Africa." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 4 (November 20, 2012): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i4.2731.
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Negotiations for Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between European Union (EU) and the African Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) have been on the spotlight since 2002. The negotiations seek to replace the Lome Conventions which provided for a one way non-reciprocal trading regime between the EU and the ACP countries. The paper examines the position of Namibia in relation to EPAs and the lessons that Africa can derive from Namibia’s stance. Namibia which is negotiating under the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has declined to sign the Interim Partnership Agreements, besides initialing them in 2007, arguing that EPAs are not consistent with the objective of advancing African economies into competitive outfits in the global economy. Some of the sticking issues that need to be addressed concern EU’s demand for trade liberalization and a near elimination of import duty on all EU products to ACP zone. The paper argues that the major lessons for Africa are that EPA negotiations are much a political activity in as much as they involve the advancement of collective national interest by the EU. The paper therefore implores African countries to safeguard both political and economic interest in the process in the same manner as their EU counterparts are doing. Again, the paper exhorts Africa to negotiate from a position of strength and refuse to give in to unfair trade terms given the evident competition that is looming between the West and the East to partner Africa in development matters.
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Wald, David J., Donald V. Helmberger, and Thomas H. Heaton. "Rupture model of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake from the inversion of strong-motion and broadband teleseismic data." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 81, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 1540–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0810051540.
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Abstract We have used 24 broadband teleseismic and 48 components of local strong-motion velocity records of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in a formal inversion to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of slip. Separate inversions of the teleseismic data (periods of 3 to 30 sec) or strong-motion data (periods of 1 to 5 sec) result in similar models. The data require bilateral rupture with relatively little slip in the region directly updip from the hypocenter. Slip is concentrated in two patches: one centered 6 km northwest of the hypocenter at a depth of 12 km and with a maximum slip of 350 cm, and the other centered about 5 km southeast of the hypocenter at a depth of 16 km and with a maximum slip of 460 cm. The bilateral nature of the rupture results in large amplitude ground motions at sites located along the fault strike, both to the northwest and the southeast. However, the northwestern patch has a larger moment and overall stress drop and is, consequently, the source of the largest ground motion velocities, consistent with the observed recordings. This bilateral rupture also produces relatively modest ground motion amplitudes directly updip from the hypocenter, which is in agreement with the velocity ground motions observed at Corralitos. There is clear evidence of a foreshock (magnitude between 3.5 and 5.0) or a slow rupture nucleation about 2 sec before the main part of the rupture; the origin time implied by strong-motion trigger times is systematically 2 sec later than the time predicted from the high-gain regional network data. The seismic moment obtained from either of the separate data sets or both sets combined is about 3.0 × 1026 dyne-cm and the potency is 0.95 km3.
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Li, Qiang, Markus Rapp, Gunter Stober, and Ralph Latteck. "High-resolution vertical velocities and their power spectrum observed with the MAARSY radar – Part 1: frequency spectrum." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-577-2018.
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Abstract. The Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) installed at the island of Andøya has been run for continuous probing of atmospheric winds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. In the current study, we present high-resolution wind measurements during the period between 2010 and 2013 with MAARSY. The spectral analysis applying the Lomb–Scargle periodogram method has been carried out to determine the frequency spectra of vertical wind velocity. From a total of 522 days of observations, the statistics of the spectral slope have been derived and show a dependence on the background wind conditions. It is a general feature that the observed spectra of vertical velocity during active periods (with wind velocity > 10 m s−1) are much steeper than during quiet periods (with wind velocity < 10 m s−1). The distribution of spectral slopes is roughly symmetric with a maximum at −5/3 during active periods, whereas a very asymmetric distribution with a maximum at around −1 is observed during quiet periods. The slope profiles along altitudes reveal a significant height dependence for both conditions, i.e., the spectra become shallower with increasing altitudes in the upper troposphere and maintain roughly a constant slope in the lower stratosphere. With both wind conditions considered together the general spectra are obtained and their slopes are compared with the background horizontal winds. The comparisons show that the observed spectra become steeper with increasing wind velocities under quiet conditions, approach a spectral slope of −5/3 at a wind velocity of 10 m s−1 and then roughly maintain this slope (−5/3) for even stronger winds. Our findings show an overall agreement with previous studies; furthermore, they provide a more complete climatology of frequency spectra of vertical wind velocities under different wind conditions. Keywords. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (turbulence; waves and tides)
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Finlay, Tori S., Lindsay L. Worthington, Brandon Schmandt, Nishath R. Ranasinghe, Susan L. Bilek, and Richard C. Aster. "Teleseismic Scattered‐Wave Imaging Using a Large‐N Array in the Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190146.
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Abstract The advent of low‐cost continuously recording cable‐free autonomous seismographs, commonly referred to as nodes, enables dense spatiotemporal sampling of seismic wavefields. We create virtual source reflection profiles using P waves from five teleseismic events recorded by the Sevilleta node array experiment in the southern Albuquerque basin. The basin geology records a structurally complex history, including multiple Phanerozoic orogenies, Rio Grande rift extension, and ongoing uplift from a midcrustal magma body. The Sevilleta experiment densified the long term, regionally sparse seismograph network with 801 single channel vertical‐component 10 Hz geophone nodes deployed at ∼300 m spacing for 14 days in February 2015. Results show sediment‐basement reflections at <5 km depth and numerous sub‐basin structures. Comparisons to legacy crustal‐scale reflection images from the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling show agreement with structural geometries in the rift basin and upper crust. Comparisons of the teleseismic virtual reflection profiles to synthetic tests using 2D finite‐difference elastic wave propagation show strong P‐to‐Rayleigh scattering from steep basin edges. These high‐amplitude conversions dominate the record sections near the western rift margin and originate at the Loma Pelada fault, which acts as the primary contact between rift‐bounding basement‐cored fault blocks and rift basin sediments. At near offsets, these signals may interfere with interpretation of upper crustal structure, but their relatively slow moveout compared to teleseismic P‐wave multiples provides clear temporal separation from sediment‐basement reflections across most of the array. The high‐signal‐to‐noise ratio of these converted Rayleigh‐wave signals suggests that they may be useful for constraining short‐period (∼1 Hz) dispersion with strong sensitivity in the uppermost ∼1 km of the rift basin sediments.
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Larkin, T. J., and S. Marks. "The seismic analysis of sandy sites." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 27, no. 2 (June 30, 1994): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.27.2.114-123.
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This paper presents an approach for performing one dimensional effective stress site response analyses for sandy sites, including the evaluation of liquefaction potential. This type of analysis differs from the more common total stress response analyses in that induced pore pressures in saturated sandy soils are accounted for, including the resulting influence on soil properties. This analytical method has been refined to the point where the need for complex and expensive laboratory soil testing is no longer required, a factor which has traditionally held back developments in the effective stress area.
The effective stress analysis requires the determination of five soil specific parameters. A trial and error backfitting procedure was developed to successfully determine these parameters from traditional site investigation data rather than detailed laboratory testing.
This procedure was investigated using two case studies, the Edgecumbe earthquake of 1987 and the Loma Prieta event of 1989, which both exhibited significant liquefaction damage. The Edgecumbe analysis produced useful results. The predicted ground acceleration required to initiate liquefaction was 2.8 m/s2 (0.29g) which is close to the estimated value of 3 m/s2 (0.31g). This was a good result as a reasonable amount of estimated and correlated data had to be used due to a lack of specific site data. The case study of Treasure Island, in the San Francisco Bay area, also produced encouraging results with both the prediction of liquefaction and surface response spectra in good agreement with recorded data. Both case studies used liquefaction resistance curves determined empirically from SPT blow count data. While this data proved acceptable it was discovered that care must be taken in the use of such overseas derived empirical data, particularly if no corroborating site specific information is available.
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El-Megharbel, Samy M., M. A. Hussien, and Moamen S. Refat. "In-Situ Copper(II) Complexes of Some Quinolone Drug Ligands Were Discussed for Their Molecular Structures: Synthesis in Binary Solvent." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6363.
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A series of copper solid complexes with different generation of quinolone drugs of the type [Cu(L)n(Cl)x(H2O)y]·zH2O ((1) L: nalidixic acid (Nal), n = 2, x = 2, y = 2, z = 9; (2) L: oxolonic acid (Oxo), n = 2, x = 2, y = 2, z = 2; (3) L: pipemidic acid (Pip), n = 2, x = 2, y = 2, z = 4; (4) L: lomefloxacin (Lom), n = 2, x = 2, y = 2, z = 2; (5) L: pefloxacin mesylate (Pef), n = 2, x = 2, y = 2, z 2; (6) L: levofloxacin (Lev), n = 2, x = 2, y = 2, z = 2) were synthesized and identified using micro-analytical, FT-IR spectroscopy, conductance data, effective magnetic moments, electronic UV-vis spectra, electron-spin-resonance (ESR) spectra. Except levofloxacin that behaves as bi-dentate fashion through oxygen atoms of pyridone and carboxylate groups, the other quinolone drug chelates acts as uni-dentate via nitrogen atom of pyridone/piperazyl moiety. Electronic spectroscopic tools are in agreement with an octahedral geometrical structure. Thermal degradation analyses TG-DTG in nitrogen gas environmental are discussed the number and location of water molecules. The thermal decomposition process is completely in 3–5 steps, that the first step is responsible to loss of uncoordinated water molecules. The stabilities of Cu(II) complex 1–5 were studied dependent on activations of energy E*, entropy ΔS*, enthalpy ΔH* and Gibbs free energy ΔG* that have been estimated using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzeger non-isothermal methods. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between some quinolone drugs with the receptor of breast cancer mutant 3hb5-oxidoreductase.
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García-García, V., H. Hernández-Belmontes, I. Mejía, F. Reyes-Calderón, and C. Maldonado. "Effect of the Heat Input on the Heat Affected Zone in the Austenitic Stainless Steel Welding by the GTAW Process-An Experimental and Computational Analysis." MRS Advances 2, no. 61 (2017): 3781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.594.
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ABSTRACTArc welding processes such Gas Tungsten (GTAW), Gas Metal (GMAW) and Submerged Arc (SAW) are typically used in order to produce a weld joint in stainless steels (SS). However, welding thermal cycle generates a sensitization by formation of chromium carbides. In addition, the heat affected zone (HAZ) is also susceptible to sensitization and fracture of the weldment. Weld bead geometric parameters such depth penetration, fusion zone (FZ) width and size of HAZ are mainly determined by welding operation parameters. This research work studies the influence of welding current, welding speed and arc gap on the width and grain size in the HAZ produced by a single pass of autogenous GTAW process applied to a plate butt-welded joint of AISI 304 SS. The welded specimens were prepared for analysis by light optical (LOM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopies to identify the interfaces between FZ-HAZ and base material as well as the grain growth in the HAZ. Adams equation for 2-D heat distribution was used to estimate theoretically the width of the HAZ. Furthermore, computational simulation which solved a convective-diffusion problem of the volumetric heat applied during the weld pool formation allowed to correlate the thermal gradient and the molten material flow of the FZ with the welding depth penetration, and width and grain size in the HAZ. The results demonstrated that the high heat input generates an important grain growth in the HAZ caused by low heat diffusion in the adjacent material to the fusion line. Welding speed was the main factor in the thermal gradient changes. Simulation results indicate that outward recirculating flow in the molten metal produced by surface tension forces is responsible for the shallow penetration of the autogenous GTAW process. Theoretical and computational estimations of the HAZ are in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Reinhold, Timo, and Saskia Hekker. "Stellar rotation periods from K2 Campaigns 0–18." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936887.
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Context. Rotation period measurements of stars observed with the Kepler mission have revealed a lack of stars at intermediate rotation periods, accompanied by a decrease of photometric variability. Whether this so-called dearth region is a peculiarity of stars in the Kepler field, or reflects a general manifestation of stellar magnetic activity, is still under debate. The K2 mission has the potential to unravel this mystery by measuring stellar rotation and photometric variability along different fields in the sky. Aims. Our goal is to measure stellar rotation periods and photometric variabilities for tens of thousands of K2 stars, located in different fields along the ecliptic plane, to shed light on the relation between stellar rotation and photometric variability. Methods. We use Lomb–Scargle periodograms, auto-correlation and wavelet functions to determine consistent rotation periods. Stellar brightness variability is assessed by computing the variability range, Rvar, from the light curve. We further apply Gaussian mixture models to search for bimodality in the rotation period distribution. Results. Combining measurements from all K2 campaigns, we detect rotation periods in 29 860 stars. The reliability of these periods was estimated from stars observed more than once. We find that 75–90% of the stars show period deviation smaller than 20% between different campaigns, depending on the peak height threshold in the periodograms. For effective temperatures below 6000 K, the variability range shows a local minimum at different periods, consistent with an isochrone age of ∼750 Myr. Additionally, the rotation period distribution shows evidence for bimodality, although the dearth region in the K2 data is less pronounced compared to the Kepler field. The period at the dip of the bimodal distribution shows good agreement with the period at the local variability minimum. Conclusions. We conclude that the rotation period bimodality is present in different fields of the sky, and is hence a general manifestation of stellar magnetic activity. The reduced variability in the dearth region is interpreted as a cancelation between dark spots and bright faculae. Our results strongly advocate that the role of faculae has been underestimated so far, suggesting a more complex dependence of the brightness variability on the rotation period.
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Eriksson, Simon C., Markus Janson, and Per Calissendorff. "Detection of new strongly variable brown dwarfs in the L/T transition." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (September 2019): A145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935671.
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Context. Brown dwarfs in the spectral range L9–T3.5, within the so called L/T transition, have been shown to be variable at higher amplitudes and with greater frequency than other field dwarfs. This strong variability allows for the probing of their atmospheric structure in 3D through multi-wavelength observations for studying the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the variability. The few known strongly variable dwarfs in this range have been extensively studied. Now, more variables such as these need to be discovered and studied to better constrain atmospheric models. This is also critical to better understand giant exoplanets and to shed light on a number of possible correlations between brown dwarf characteristics and variability. Aims. Previous studies suggest an occurrence rate for strong variability (peak-to-peak amplitudes > 2%) of up to ∼39% among brown dwarfs within the L/T transition. In this work, we aim to discover new strong variables in this spectral range by targeting ten previously unsurveyed brown dwarfs. Methods. We used the NOTCam at the Nordic Optical Telescope to observe 11 targets, with spectral types ranging from L9.5 to T3.5, in the J-band during October 2017 and September 2018. Using differential aperture photometry, we then analysed the light curves for significant variability using Lomb-Scargle periodogram algorithms and least squares fitting. Results. We report first discoveries of strong and significant variability in four out of the ten targets (false alarm probability < 0.1%), measuring peak-to-peak amplitudes up to 10.7 ± 0.4% in J for the T1 dwarf 2MASS J22153705+2110554, for which we observe significant light curve evolution between the 2017 and 2018 epochs. We also report a marginally significant detection of strong variability, and confirm that the well known 2MASS J01365662+0933473 is still strongly variable three years after the last reported epoch. Finally, we present an extensive multi-epoch catalogue of strong variables reported in the literature and discuss possible correlations that are identifiable from the catalogue. Conclusions. We significantly add to the number of known strong variables, and through Poisson statistics infer an occurrence rate for strong variability among L9–T3.5 brown dwarfs of 40 +32−19%, which is in agreement with previous estimates. The new variables identified in this work are also excellently suited for extensive multi-wavelength observations dedicated to probing the 3D structure of brown dwarf atmospheres.
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Mbadinga, Moussounga Itsouhou. "The Non-Execution Clause in the Relationship between the European Union (EU) and the African, Carribean and Pacific States (ACP)." German Law Journal 3, no. 11 (November 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200015583.
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It has became common for some States, international or regional organizations to establish a link between good governance, respect of human rights and the democratization of States. This idea is now a condition for development aid. Paragraph 1 of Article 5 of the Lomé Convention between the European Community (EC) and African, Carribean and Pacific States (ACP) of 15 December 1989, revised at Maurice 4 November 1995, provides that the politics of development and cooperation are closely linked to the respect and the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, to the strengthening of the rule of law and good governance. In Paragraph 2, cooperation is established as an instrument for promoting the enjoyment of economic, social, politic and cultural rights. The democratic clause contained in Article 5 of the Lomé Convention, and for which the respect of human rights, democratic principles and rule of law are essential elements of this Convention, firstly favours the achievement of positive actions in this framework and dedicates these elements as topics of common interests and a matter of dialogue. The European Union has stressed its willingness to develop a positive approach to these essential elements, which are the bedrock of the EU-ACP relationship besides being fields of cooperation and Community support. For that purpose, the Cotonou Agreement signed on 23 June 2000 strengthens this approach in Paragraph 2 of Article 9. The EU clearly places these essential elements at the heart of its partnership and defines the shared values that underpin this kind of relationship. It is in the spirit of common commitment to the respect and promotion of universal values that this approach has been taken.
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Urff, Winfried von, P. Michael Schmitz, Konrad Hagedorn, and Jörg Eggers. "Agenda 2000 und zukünftige Entwicklungszusammenarbeit der Europäischen Union Öffentliches Interesse vs. private Eigentumsrechte - Wettbewerbsprobleme in der Gaswirtschaft." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 47, no. 2 (January 1, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-1998-0204.
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AbstractThis economic policy forum is assigned to the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with a view to the Agenda 2000. Thereby Winfried von Urff discusses the implications of the Agenda 2000 for developing countries. He argues that the implementation of the Agenda proposals would result at most in rather modest price increases on the markets for agricultural products. Therefore there will be no serious impact on developing countries. In the second part of his paper von Urff discusses the future relationship between the EU and the ACP countries. Thereby he analyses the Lomé Convention as a regional agreement that focuses on rural and agricultural development by allocating grants and loans to 70 ACP countries. He argues that the public should pay more attention to this issue.Michael Schmitz analyses the distributive and allocative effects of the reform of the CAP as outlined in the Agenda 2000. In general, he supports the Agenda 2000 initiative by the European Commission, because in his view it continues the 1992 CAP reform by reducing product related subsidies and encouraging farmers to use less intensive production methods. However, on some issues he also criticises the Agenda 2000. For instance, the Commission does not specify how to achieve a stronger efficiency control of its measures. Overall, the Commission fails to clearly commit itself to a market driven CAP. There remain too many interventionist elements.Konrad Hagedorn and Jörg Eggers analyse the environmental effects of the proposed CAP reform. Thereby they focus on the nitrogen problem. They show that the proposals of the Agenda 2000 will not result in a significant reduction of nitrogen as a main source of water pollution. Compensatory payments granted to farmers in order to offset the effects of price reductions might have the desired distributive effects. However, even if they are made conditioned upon fulfilling environmental criteria, they will not achieve the aim of a sustainable agriculture. Therefore they present an alternative model for agricultural production methods that is more likely to have a positive ecological impact.
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"Industry Watch." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 09, no. 13 (July 15, 2005): 570–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030305001679.
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Clinigene and SCIREX Cooperate on Global Clinical Trials. CSL Announces New Share Buyback. International Alliance Between ChemGenex and Stragen Pharma. Mayne Pharma Expands in Europe. Bausch & Lomb Acquires Shandong Chia Tai Freda Pharma. Eli Lilly Collaborates with Taisho Pharma. Pingchuan Signs Purchase and Sales Agreement with Sinopharm. Vietnam to Begin Animal Testing of VIRA 38. NIRS and Toshiba Medical Systems Develop a New 4-D Medical Imaging Device. Medipost—First Biotech Company to List on the Korea Stock Exchange. Korea Plans First Stem Cell Hospital. Bio-Diagnostic Commercializes Rapid Diagnostic Kits for Infectious Diseases. INS Bioscience Expands to China, US and West Asia. Neuren Teams up with Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. Paradigm Signs Licensing and Collaborating Deal with Ortho-McNeil. Paradigm and Takeda Enter Into CNS Therapeutics Alliance.
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Iyamu, Eghosasere, and O. Mary-Anne Amiebenomo. "The validity and reliability of the handheld SW-100 autokeratometer." African Vision and Eye Health 74, no. 1 (March 26, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v74i1.26.
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Background: The agreement of new instruments or clinical tests with other instruments or tests defines the possibility of these being used interchangeably.Aim: To investigate the validity and reliability of the SW-100 autokeratometer using a Bausch & Lomb (B&L) keratometer as the ‘gold standard’. Methods: Eighty subjects (80 right eyes) aged between 21 and 38 years were recruited. For intra-test repeatability, two measurements of the corneal radius of curvature were taken with the SW-100 and B&L keratometers. Forty of the 80 subjects participated in the inter-test repeatability measurement.Results: Corneal radius of curvature was found to be statistically different between the two instruments (p < 0.001), with the SW-100 providing slightly flatter values of 0.11 mm and 0.05 mm for the horizontal and vertical meridians, respectively, than the B&L keratometer. The average corneal curvature was 0.07 mm flatter with the SW-100 autokeratometer than with the B&L device. Agreement between the SW-100 and B&L keratometers’ axes was 45% within ± 5°, 60.3% within ± 10°, 78.8% within ± 15°, 80.3% within ± 20°, and 88.7% within ± 40°. Intertest repeatability was better for the B&L device than the SW-100 and showed no significant difference between the two sessions. Both instruments demonstrated comparable intrasession repeatability. As such, both instruments were comparatively reliable (per coefficients of repeatability). The range of limits of agreement of ± 0.14 mm (horizontal meridian) and ± 0.17 mm (vertical meridian) between the SW-100 and B&L devices showed good agreement.Conclusion: The results suggest that the SW-100 autokeratometer is a reliable and objective instrument that, however, provides flatter radii of curvature measurements than the B&L keratometer. A compensating factor incorporated into the instrument could reduce the difference between the two instruments and make them more interchangeable.
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Castilla Cubillas, Manuel. "Sobre la abusividad de las Cláusulas de 'Suelo' Hipotecario y el Informe al Respecto del Banco De España (Contract Unfairness in Home-Lome Agreements 'Floor Clauses')." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2294045.
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Oh, Se-Lim, Ji Seung Yang, and Yoon Jeong Kim. "Discrepancies in periodontitis classification among dental practitioners with different educational backgrounds." BMC Oral Health 21, no. 1 (January 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01371-5.
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Abstract Background The 2018 classification of periodontal disease characterizes the disease with a multidimensional staging and grading system. The purpose of this multicenter study was to examine variations in periodontitis classification among dental practitioners with different postgraduate educational backgrounds at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry and the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry using the 2018 classification. Methods This cross-sectional observational study included two cohorts: dental practitioners with periodontal backgrounds (n1 = 31) and those with other educational backgrounds (n2 = 33). The survey instrument contained three periodontitis cases presented with the guideline of the 2018 classification and a questionnaire including closed and open-ended questions. The participants were asked to review each case and to fill out the questionnaire independently. Fisher’s exact test was conducted to examine the differences in responses between the two cohorts. Polychoric correlations were calculated to examine the relation between the level of familiarity with the 2018 classification and the accuracy of the classification. Results The distribution of item responses was significantly different between the two cohorts regarding only one item, grading for Case 1 (p = 0.01). No significant differences in accuracy between the two cohorts were observed except for two items, grading in Case 1 (p = 0.03) and staging in Case 3 (p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in risk factor identification for each case among the two cohorts (p = 1.00, Case 1; p = 0.22, Case 2). Staging in Case 3 ($$\widehat{\rho }$$ ρ ^ = 0.52) and risk factor identification in Case 2 ($$\widehat{\rho }$$ ρ ^ = 0.32) were significantly correlated with familiarity with the 2018 classification. Conclusion A fair level of agreement in periodontitis classification was observed among dental practitioners with different educational backgrounds when the 2018 classification was used. The periodontal cohort showed better agreement levels and partially better accuracy. Risk factor identification for periodontal disease was difficult regardless of the educational background.