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Academic literature on the topic 'Lon range contacts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lon range contacts"
1
Lipski, John M. "Spontaneous Nasalization in the Development of Afro-Hispanic Language." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 7, no. 2 (1992): 261–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.7.2.04lip.
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Afro-Hispanic or bozal Spanish, from the sixteenth century to the early twentieth century, exhibited numerous cases of "epenthetic" nasal consonants, exemplified by Punto Rico < Puerto Rico; limbre < libre 'free'; pincueso < pescuezo 'neck'; and monosyllabic clitics such as lon < lo(s), lan < la(s), and so on. The present study, based on a comparison of Afro-Hispanic (AH) language data from a wide range of regions and time periods, provides alternative models for spontaneous nasalization. The first involves vowel nasalization, analyzed as the linking of a free (nasal) autosegment to the first available vowel of relevant words; Spanish speakers in turn reinterpreted the nasal vowels as a nasal consonant homorganic to the preceding consonant. Cases of apparent word-final nasal epenthesis, invariably involving phrase-internal clitics, resulted from prenasalization of following word-initial obstruents, a well-documented process in Afro-Iberian linguistic contacts. The preference for voiced obstruents to pre-nasalize is attributed to the lack of the normal fricative pronunciation of /b/, /d/, and /g/ in AH speech. In general, Spanish voiced obstruents are pronounced as stops only following nasals. The stop pronunciation of Pol, /d/, and /g/ by AH speakers was reinterpreted as an additional Root node, to which a floating (nasal) autosegment could be linked. AH nasalization generally seems to stem from Africans' underspecification of Spanish vowels and consonants, resulting from the precarious conditions under which Spanish was learned by speakers of various African languages.
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Craft, Meggan E., Erik Volz, Craig Packer, and Lauren Ancel Meyers. "Disease transmission in territorial populations: the small-world network of Serengeti lions." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 59 (2010): 776–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0511.
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Territoriality in animal populations creates spatial structure that is thought to naturally buffer disease invasion. Often, however, territorial populations also include highly mobile, non-residential individuals that potentially serve as disease superspreaders. Using long-term data from the Serengeti Lion Project, we characterize the contact network structure of a territorial wildlife population and address the epidemiological impact of nomadic individuals. As expected, pride contacts are dominated by interactions with neighbouring prides and interspersed by encounters with nomads as they wander throughout the ecosystem. Yet the pride–pride network also includes occasional long-range contacts between prides, making it surprisingly small world and vulnerable to epidemics, even without nomads. While nomads increase both the local and global connectivity of the network, their epidemiological impact is marginal, particularly for diseases with short infectious periods like canine distemper virus. Thus, territoriality in Serengeti lions may be less protective and non-residents less important for disease transmission than previously considered.
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Searl, Jeff, and Stephanie Knollhoff. "Articulation contact pressures scaled to the physiologic range of the tongue in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study." Journal of Communication Disorders 82 (November 2019): 105937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.105937.
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Hongxia, Zhang, Guo Zhaowei, and Tao Zuyi. "Factors Affecting the Adsorption of 60Co onto a Peat from China." Adsorption Science & Technology 23, no. 6 (2005): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361705774859884.
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The work described was aimed at an analysis of the principal factors affecting the adsorption of 60Co ions onto a peat from Lin Tao County (in the south of Gansu Province, P. R. China). The adsorption of 60Co ions onto the peat was studied as a function of contact time, ratio of solution volume (V) to solid mass (m), pH, ionic strength and the initial concentration of Co ions. It was found that the relative adsorption rate was quite rapid, that adsorption gradually decreased with increasing values of V/m and that ionic strength had a moderate effect on the process. In addition, the pH value strongly influenced the extent of adsorption. Over the high concentration range, the adsorption equilibrium could be described by the Freundlich equation, with this equation being reduced to the Henry equation, i.e. a linear adsorption isotherm, over the low concentration range. No attempt has been made at understanding the mechanism of 60Co ion adsorption onto peat in the present work.
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Caillaud, Damien, Meggan E. Craft, and Lauren Ancel Meyers. "Epidemiological effects of group size variation in social species." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 83 (2013): 20130206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0206.
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Contact patterns in group-structured populations determine the course of infectious disease outbreaks. Network-based models have revealed important connections between group-level contact patterns and the dynamics of epidemics, but these models typically ignore heterogeneities in within-group composition. Here, we analyse a flexible mathematical model of disease transmission in a hierarchically structured wildlife population, and find that increased variation in group size reduces the epidemic threshold, making social animal populations susceptible to a broader range of pathogens. Variation in group size also increases the likelihood of an epidemic for mildly transmissible diseases, but can reduce the likelihood and expected size of an epidemic for highly transmissible diseases. Further, we introduce the concept of epidemiological effective group size , which we define to be the group size of a hypothetical population containing groups of identical size that has the same epidemic threshold as an observed population. Using data from the Serengeti Lion Project, we find that pride-living Serengeti lions are epidemiologically comparable to a homogeneous population with up to 20 per cent larger prides.
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Kao, Ching-Yun, Xuan-Zhi Chen, and Shih-Lin Hung. "A Displacement Frequency Response Function-Based Approach for Locating Damage to Building Structures." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (March 17, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4509576.
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Frequency response function (FRF) data can provide considerably more information on damage in the desired frequency range as compared to modal data extracted from a very limited range around resonances. Among structural health monitoring techniques, FRF-based methods have the potential to locate structural damage. Conventional structural damage detection technology collects structural response data using contact systems, such as displacement or acceleration transducers. However, installing these contact systems can be costly in terms of labor, cost, and time. Several noncontact measurement technologies, such as optical, laser, radar, and GPS, have been developed to overcome these obstacles. Given the rapid advances in optical imaging hardware technology, the use of digital photography in structural monitoring systems has attracted considerable attention. This study develops a displacement FRF-based approach to locate damage to building structures. The proposed damage location index, CurveFRFDI, improves the sensitivity of SubFRFDI, which is a substructure FRF-based damage location index proposed by Lin et al. (2012). Moreover, the feasibility of applying the proposed approach to locate damage to building structures using displacement measured by a digital camera combined with digital image correlation techniques is also investigated in this study. A numerical example and an experimental example are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of using the proposed approach to locate damage to building structures for single and multiple nonadjacent damage locations.
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Gunn, Nikolas. "Translating the Gospel in Viking Age England: The Evidence from Two Old Norse Loan Translations from Old English." Anglia 137, no. 4 (2019): 527–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2019-0052.
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Abstract A recent resurgence of interest in Old Norse linguistic borrowings in Old English has greatly expanded our knowledge of the contact situation between these two speech communities in the early medieval period and beyond. However, there are a significant number of words that have been considered borrowings in the “other” direction, i. e. from Old English to Old Norse, which have not attracted the same amount of attention in current scholarship. Much of this material requires reassessment and this paper provides a case study of two parallel compound formations in both languages – OE bærsynnig [mann]/ON bersynðugr [maðr] (‘one who is openly sinful; publican’), and OE healsbōc/ON hálsbók (‘phylactery, amulet’, lit. ‘neck-book’) – that have traditionally been considered loan translations from Old English to Old Norse with little evidence other than their formation from cognate elements. In the absence of clear-cut linguistic criteria for identifying loan translations between these two closely related languages, this paper draws on a range of literary evidence to argue for a strong likelihood of a relationship between the two compounds. Both words offer important evidence for biblical translation practices, and contribute to our knowledge about the Christianisation of Norse speaking peoples and Anglo-Norse language contact in Viking Age England.
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Green, Jennah, Catherine Jakins, Eyob Asfaw, et al. "African Lions and Zoonotic Diseases: Implications for Commercial Lion Farms in South Africa." Animals 10, no. 9 (2020): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091692.
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African lions (Panthera leo) are bred in captivity on commercial farms across South Africa and often have close contact with farm staff, tourists, and other industry workers. As transmission of zoonotic diseases occurs through close proximity between wildlife and humans, these commercial captive breeding operations pose a potential risk to thousands of captive lions and to public health. An understanding of pathogens known to affect lions is needed to effectively assess the risk of disease emergence and transmission within the industry. Here, we conduct a systematic search of the academic literature, identifying 148 peer-reviewed studies, to summarize the range of pathogens and parasites known to affect African lions. A total of 63 pathogenic organisms were recorded, belonging to 35 genera across 30 taxonomic families. Over half were parasites (35, 56%), followed by viruses (17, 27%) and bacteria (11, 17%). A number of novel pathogens representing unidentified and undescribed species were also reported. Among the pathogenic inventory are species that can be transmitted from lions to other species, including humans. In addition, 83 clinical symptoms and diseases associated with these pathogens were identified. Given the risks posed by infectious diseases, this research highlights the potential public health risks associated with the captive breeding industry. We recommend that relevant authorities take imminent action to help prevent and manage the risks posed by zoonotic pathogens on lion farms.
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Peralta, Diego M., Humberto L. Cappozzo, Ezequiel A. Ibañez, Sergio Lucero, Mauricio Failla, and Juan I. Túnez. "Phylogeography of Otaria flavescens (Carnivora: Pinnipedia): unravelling genetic connectivity at the southernmost limit of its distribution." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 134, no. 1 (2021): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab053.
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Abstract The Pleistocene glacial period shaped the current genetic structure of numerous species. The last glacial dynamics has been proposed to have split the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens, into two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs), one on each side of the continent. However, previous studies have not provided genetic information on colonies found along 3000 km of coastline of the southernmost limit of the species distribution, where gene flow could occur. We conducted an exhaustive phylogeographical analysis of O. flavescens using a mtDNA marker, including, for the first time, data from colonies living south of latitude 45° S, in the Argentinian provinces of Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego. Our results indicated the presence of five Conservation Units across the distribution range of O. flavescens and suggest that the Patagonian population must have expanded about 150 000 BP. We found evidence for gene flow across the entire species range, supporting a scenario of secondary contact in Tierra del Fuego where representatives of the oldest lineages coexist. The presence of gene flow between oceans leads us to reject the assumption of complete reciprocal monophyly for mtDNA between the presumed ESUs, suggesting that the species constitutes a single Evolutionarily Significant Unit.
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Boessenecker, Robert W. "Taphonomic implications of barnacle encrusted sea lion bones from the middle Pleistocene Port Orford Formation, coastal Oregon." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 4 (2013): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-005.
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Fossil evidence of barnacle encrustation of vertebrate bones is reported from the middle Pleistocene Port Orford Formation of southern coastal Oregon. This material includes two associated thoracic vertebrae and a femur referable to the extinct sea lion Proterozetes ulysses that are encrusted by 1400+ individual barnacles (cf. Hesperibalanus hesperius), and a scapula of Zalophus californianus with barnacle attachment scars. In areas, the encrusting barnacles exhibit a roughly bimodal size range, and small barnacles are observed directly encrusting other larger individuals. The size, probable age, and lifespan of extant Hesperibalanus hesperius indicates a minimum period of four to seven months of seafloor exposure between decomposition and burial, although this estimate must be longer because at least two colonization events are represented. Barnacle attachment traces are identified as Anellusichnus circularis. The wide distribution of barnacles on some of these bones suggests these were regularly overturned by bottom currents, which would prevent barnacles from being smothered by prolonged contact with the sediment. Detailed study of barnacle-induced trace fossils on these specimens suggests that episkeletozoans and their traces can be useful sources of data regarding the biostratinomic history of vertebrate fossils.