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Journal articles on the topic 'Londo scale'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dembicz, Iwona, and Jürgen Dengler. "Should we estimate plant cover in percent or on ordinal scales? II – Diversity indices." Vegetation Classification and Survey 6 (May 19, 2025): 133–40. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.144252.

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Question: We asked whether ordinal cover scales cause biases in biodiversity indices derived from vegetation plots and, if so, whether a different back-translation of ordinal categories could improve the situation. Methods: We took three empirical vegetation-plot datasets from different regions and habitat types with species cover estimated in percent. We applied three ordinal cover scales (13-step Londo, 7-step Braun-Blanquet and 5-step Hult-Sernander-Du Rietz) and back-transformed the resulting categories to percent (mid-point of the respective cover class). For each plot, we then calculated

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2

Kwiatkowska-Falińska, Anna J. "Post-fire succession on abandoned fields in coniferous forest habitat (Nord-East Poland)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 77, no. 3 (2011): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2008.031.

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In July, 1992, fire swept through the Jelonka Reserve (52<sup>o</sup>35'33"N; 23<sup>o</sup>22'10"E). Litter, herbs layer and juniper shrubs were razed and the tree trunks of <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Populus tremula</em> damaged, which resulted in their death the following year. Five research plots of 25 m<sup>2</sup> each were established in the post-fire area. The species present there and their degrees of coverage were listed on the Londo scale between 1993 and 2002. The calculation of average degrees of coverage for indiv

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3

Kuk, Tiago Neumann, Jeanette Beber de Souza, Gustavo Rafael Collere Possetti, and Luiz Gustavo Wagner. "Proposta de sistema térmico de higienização e secagem de lodo em escala plena para uma estação anaeróbia de tratamento de esgoto de pequeno porte." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27, no. 2 (2022): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220200111.

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RESUMO Este artigo propõe um sistema térmico de higienização e secagem de lodo de esgoto em escala plena, alimentado por biogás e energia solar, para uma estação de tratamento de esgoto de pequeno porte. Para tal, realizou-se caracterização da estação de tratamento de esgoto investigada, determinando-se volumes mensais médios de lodo, biogás e metano disponíveis. Na sequência, a partir de experimentos em escala reduzida, avaliou-se o desempenho de duas diferentes configurações do referido sistema, com piso radiante metálico e em concreto. Três campanhas experimentais com diferentes cargas de l

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Choi, Yoo-Im, Won-Ho Kim, and Eun-Young Park. "Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the London Handicap Scale." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 12, no. 11 (2011): 5102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2011.12.11.5102.

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HARWOOD, R. H. "The London handicap scale." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 69, no. 3 (2000): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.69.3.406.

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6

Bell, Matthew. "The best way to learn about urban design is to study great cities." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.381.

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Colin Rowe is remembered having said that, aside from buildings, there are several scales of architecture, which includes both “micro-architecture like furniture and silverware, and macro-architecture like London and Paris… well maybe more Paris than London.” Space & Anti-Space: The Fabric of Place, City and Architecture, by Steven Peterson and Barbara Littenberg, is devoted to what Rowe called the “macro” scale, and this book adds an immense amount to understanding how to design at the scale of the city. Steven Peterson and Barbara Littenberg. Space & Anti-Space: The Fabric of Place,

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FORD, JASON. "UK set for industrial scale battery recycling." Engineer 302, no. 7932 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0013-7758(22)90303-4.

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Reilly, Charles C., Claudia Bausewein, Rachel Garrod, Caroline J. Jolley, John Moxham, and Irene J. Higginson. "Breathlessness during daily activity: The psychometric properties of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale in patients with advanced disease and refractory breathlessness." Palliative Medicine 31, no. 9 (2016): 868–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216316680314.

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Background: The London Chest Activities of Daily Living Scale measures the impact of breathlessness on both activity and social functioning. However, the London Chest Activities of Daily Living Scale is not routinely used in patients with advanced disease. Aim: To assess the psychometric properties of the London Chest Activities of Daily Living Scale in patients with refractory breathlessness due to advanced disease. Design: A cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled parallel-group, pragmatic, single-blind fast-track trial (randomised controlled trial) investigat

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Almár, Iván. "SETI and astrobiology: The Rio Scale and the London Scale." Acta Astronautica 69, no. 9-10 (2011): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.05.036.

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10

Goonetilleke, A. "Validity of the London handicap scale." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 58, no. 1 (1995): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.58.1.125-a.

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11

Shergill, Sukhwinder S., Irshaad Ebrahim, and Maurice Greenberg. "Predictors of length of stay in day hospital patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 12 (1997): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.12.760.

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This prospective study assessed the importance off baseline clinical, socio-demographic and diagnostic variables on patient outcome at six weeks, and their relationship to total length of stay. It included all patients admitted to an acute day hospital in inner London over a one-year period, and used standardised rating scales. All scales improved after six weeks, but only improvement on the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) predicted the length off stay in those patients who were depressed. There was an increased length off stay in patients with a diagnosis off personality disorder and those admi

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Zhou, Yunqi, Fengwei Wang, and Shijian Zhou. "The Spatial Patterns of the Crime Rate in London and Its Socio-Economic Influence Factors." Social Sciences 12, no. 6 (2023): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12060340.

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This paper analyses the spatial trends and patterns of the crime rates in London and explores how socio-economic characteristics affect crime rates with consideration of the geographic context across London. The 2015 London Crime Statistics and Socio-economic Characteristics datasets were used. First, we investigated the spatial patterns of crime rates through exploratory spatial analysis at the ward level. In addition, both the ordinary least square (OLS) model and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, which allow the effects of factors to vary in spatial scales, were adopted and co

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13

Jardine, L. "Monuments and microscopes: Scientific thinking on a grand scale in the early Royal Society." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 55, no. 2 (2001): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2001.0145.

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On 25 August 1664 (almost exactly two years before the Great Fire of London) the curator of experiments for The Royal Society in London, Robert Hooke, wrote to the ‘father of modern chemistry’, Robert Boyle (for whom he did regular work as a paid designer and builder of experimental equipment), at his ‘elaboratory’ in Oxford, describing some scientific experiments he had carried out for The Royal Society a few days earlier.

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14

Jiang, Hongchao, Lin Dong, and Bing Qiu. "How Are Macro-Scale and Micro-Scale Built Environments Associated with Running Activity? The Application of Strava Data and Deep Learning in Inner London." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 10 (2022): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100504.

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Running can promote public health. However, the association between running and the built environment, especially in terms of micro street-level factors, has rarely been studied. This study explored the influence of built environments at different scales on running in Inner London. The 5Ds framework (density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit) was used to classify the macro-scale features, and computer vision (CV) and deep learning (DL) were used to measure the micro-scale features. We extracted the accumulated GPS running data of 40,290 sample points from S

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Monaldi, Daniela. "Fritz London and the scale of quantum mechanisms." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 60 (November 2017): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2017.07.001.

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Thalbourne, Michael A., Edmund Keogh, and Susan E. Crawley. "Manic-Depressiveness and its Correlates." Psychological Reports 85, no. 1 (1999): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.1.45.

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Manic-depressiveness is the name here given to a hypothesized personality continuum that has, at one extreme, manic-depressive psychosis. A Manic-Depressiveness Scale is described, which comprises three scales, Manic Experience, Depressive Experience, and the sum of the two, since they are correlated. 250 undergraduate psychology students at the University of Adelaide and at Goldsmiths' College, London, were administered the Manic-Depressiveness Scale along with 12 measures including the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Revised). Scores on the total Manic-Depressiveness Scale tended (in orde

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Kukkonen, J., M. Karl, M. P. Keuken, et al. "Modelling the dispersion of particle numbers in five European cities." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 7 (2015): 5873–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-5873-2015.

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Abstract. We present an overview of the modelling of particle number concentrations (PNC's) in five major European cities, namely Helsinki, Oslo, London, Rotterdam and Athens, in 2008. Novel emission inventories of particle numbers have been compiled both on urban and European scales. We use atmospheric dispersion modelling for PNC's in the five target cities and on a European scale, and evaluate the predicted results against available measured concentrations. The concentrations of PN in the selected cities were mostly influenced by the emissions originated from local vehicular traffic; howeve

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Young, James C., Rudy Arthur, Michelle Spruce, and Hywel T. P. Williams. "Social Sensing of Heatwaves." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113717.

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Heatwaves cause thousands of deaths every year, yet the social impacts of heat are poorly measured. Temperature alone is not sufficient to measure impacts and “heatwaves” are defined differently in different cities/countries. This study used data from the microblogging platform Twitter to detect different scales of response and varying attitudes to heatwaves within the United Kingdom (UK), the United States of America (US) and Australia. At the country scale, the volume of heat-related Twitter activity increased exponentially as temperature increased. The initial social reaction differed betwe

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Fuhrmann, Delia, Laura Riddleston, Lily Verity, et al. "Coproducing a new scale with young people aged 10–24 years: a protocol for the development and validation of the Youth Loneliness Scale (YLS)." BMJ Open 15, no. 7 (2025): e097497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-097497.

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Introduction The high prevalence of loneliness in young people, aged 10–24 years, is increasingly recognised as an urgent global health concern. The experience of loneliness is linked to a wide range of adverse physical and mental health outcomes. A lack of loneliness scales that can accurately capture the authentic experiences of young people has hampered progress in our understanding of the aetiology and sequelae of youth loneliness, as well as the development of preventative policies and interventions. Here, we provide a protocol for developing and validating an age-sensitive loneliness sca

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Gai, Sudhir L., and Amna Khraibut. "Hypersonic compression corner flow with large separated regions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 877 (August 27, 2019): 471–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.599.

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The structure of large-scale hypersonic boundary layer separation and reattachment is studied numerically using a flat plate/compression corner geometry. Apart from verifying the large scale separation characteristics in hypersonic flow, a detailed discussion of secondary separation and fragmentation into multiple vortices embedded within the main recirculation region is presented. The unique relation between the second minimum in shear stress and the scaled angle is highlighted in the context of the reverse flow singularity of Smith (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. A420, 1988, pp. 21–52) and it a

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Lenormand, Maxime, Bruno Gonçalves, Antònia Tugores, and José J. Ramasco. "Human diffusion and city influence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 109 (2015): 20150473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0473.

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Cities are characterized by concentrating population, economic activity and services. However, not all cities are equal and a natural hierarchy at local, regional or global scales spontaneously emerges. In this work, we introduce a method to quantify city influence using geolocated tweets to characterize human mobility. Rome and Paris appear consistently as the cities attracting most diverse visitors. The ratio between locals and non-local visitors turns out to be fundamental for a city to truly be global. Focusing only on urban residents' mobility flows, a city-to-city network can be construc

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22

Pitt, Joseph R., Grant Allen, Stéphane J. B. Bauguitte, et al. "Assessing London CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO emissions using aircraft measurements and dispersion modelling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 13 (2019): 8931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8931-2019.

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Abstract. We present a new modelling approach for assessing atmospheric emissions from a city, using an aircraft measurement sampling strategy similar to that employed by previous mass balance studies. Unlike conventional mass balance methods, our approach does not assume that city-scale emissions are confined to a well-defined urban area and that peri-urban emissions are negligible. We apply our new approach to a case study conducted in March 2016, investigating CO, CH4 and CO2 emissions from a region focussed around Greater London using aircraft sampling of the downwind plume. For each speci

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23

van Haselen, RA, S. Cinar, P. Fisher, and J. Davidson. "The Constitutional Type Questionnaire: validation in the patient population of the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital." British Homeopathic Journal 90, no. 03 (2001): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/homp.1999.0493.

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AbstractIn homeopathy the choice of a medicine is based on the total ‘picture’ presented by the patient. This picture includes ‘constitutional type’ which comprises personality, and general physical features. The Constitutional Type Questionnaire (CTQ) is designed to systematically assess constitutional types. This study examines the reliability and validity of the CTQ. Four hundred and seventy-two outpatients attending clinics at the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital completed the CTQ, a 152-item scale rating features traditionally considered typical of 19 constitutional homeopathic medicine

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Kukkonen, J., M. Karl, M. P. Keuken, et al. "Modelling the dispersion of particle numbers in five European cities." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 2 (2016): 451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-451-2016.

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Abstract. We present an overview of the modelling of particle number concentrations (PNCs) in five major European cities, namely Helsinki, Oslo, London, Rotterdam, and Athens, in 2008. Novel emission inventories of particle numbers have been compiled both on urban and European scales. We used atmospheric dispersion modelling for PNCs in the five target cities and on a European scale, and evaluated the predicted results against available measured concentrations. In all the target cities, the concentrations of particle numbers (PNs) were mostly influenced by the emissions originating from local

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25

Cohen, Deborah, and Lessie Frazier. "On the Global Hot Seat: University Presidents in the Global 1968." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 6, no. 1 (2019): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.277.

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The claim that ’68 was global has become axiomatic. How so, for whom, with what impact? Scholars have productively pursued two scales of analysis: grassroots and geopolitical. While student movements have been the premier instance of the more socio-cultural scale, seldom has their mobilization been analyzed vis-à-vis the ostensibly more macro scale of supra-state entitie. Intermediaries between these sectors, leaders of major universities occupied an acutely uncomfortable, pivotal place. Through historical analysis based on archival research (on the biographies of university administrators, st

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Dogan, Eda, Ronald E. Hanson, and Bharathram Ganapathisubramani. "Interactions of large-scale free-stream turbulence with turbulent boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 802 (August 1, 2016): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.435.

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The scale interactions occurring within a turbulent boundary layer are investigated in the presence of free-stream turbulence. The free-stream turbulence is generated by an active grid. The free stream is monitored by a single-component hot-wire probe, while a second probe is roved across the height of the boundary layer at the same streamwise location. Large-scale structures occurring in the free stream are shown to penetrate the boundary layer and increase the streamwise velocity fluctuations throughout. It is speculated that, depending on the extent of the penetration, i.e. based on the lev

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Baker, Jacob, and John E. Thornes. "Solar position within Monet's Houses of Parliament." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2076 (2006): 3775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1754.

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Paintings from Monet's Houses of Parliament London series have been analysed for the quantitative information they contain, by comparing the depicted position of the Sun with Solar geometry calculations. The positions of roofline features of the Houses of Parliament were measured to provide an internal scale for the determination of azimuthal and elevation angles of the Solar depictions. Despite some distortion of the painted motif, the internal scales were found to be approximately linear. The Solar positions were used to derive the dates and times of the depicted scenes. The results provide

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Mello Filho, Marcelo S. Bandeira de. "Desenvolvimento Econômico como um Processo Social de Múltiplas Escalas Espaço-Temporais." Organizações & Sociedade 30, no. 106 (2023): 428–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302023v30n0015pt.

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Resumo O artigo procura, em primeiro lugar, demonstrar como o conceito de desenvolvimento foi usado de diversas formas ao longo da história. Os autores clássicos do desenvolvimento compreendiam o fenômeno como um processo complexo, que envolvia mudanças estruturais, transformações econômicas setoriais, projetos políticos de mudança social, atuação e planejamento por parte de diversos atores econômicos e políticos. Suas ideias influenciaram processos sofisticados de transformação social ocorridos especialmente durante a “era de ouro” do capitalismo. Da década de 1980 em diante, têm ganhado forç

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Yang, Sijie, Kimon Krenz, Waishan Qiu, and Wenjing Li. "The Role of Subjective Perceptions and Objective Measurements of the Urban Environment in Explaining House Prices in Greater London: A Multi-Scale Urban Morphology Analysis." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 6 (2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060249.

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House prices have long been closely related to the built environment of cities, yet whether the subjective perception (SP) of these environments has a differing effect on prices at multiple urban scales is unclear. This study sheds light on the impact of people’s SP of the urban environment on house prices in a multi-scale urban morphology analysis. We trained a machine learning (ML) model to predict people’s SP of the urban environment around properties across Greater London with survey response data from an online survey evaluating people’s SP of street view image (SVI) and linked this to ho

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Dudgeon, Hamza. "On the Scale of the World: The Formation of Black Anticolonial Thought." American Journal of Islam and Society 42, no. 1-2 (2025): 112–20. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v42i1-2.3669.

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Musab Younis, originally from Manchester, completed his MPhil (2012) and DPhil (2017) in International Relations at Oxford, under Andrew Hurrell,1 where he later served as a College Lecturer in Politics at St Peter’s College. From 2018 to 2024, he was a Lecturer and then Senior Lecturer in Politics at Queen Mary University of London before returning to Oxford in 2024 as an Associate Professor of Political Theory. His research focuses on international political thought, theories of race and racism, empire, and anticolonialism during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, connecting histor

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Johnston, Ron, Kelvyn Jones, David Manley, and Dewi Owen. "Macro-scale stability with micro-scale diversity: modelling changing ethnic minority residential segregation - London 2001-2011." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 41, no. 4 (2016): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tran.12142.

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Yogeswaran, Claudia, and Kearsy Cormier. "Archiving Large-Scale Legacy Multimedia Research Data: A Case Study." International Journal of Digital Curation 12, no. 2 (2018): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v12i2.484.

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In this paper we provide a case study of the creation of the DCAL Research Data Archive at University College London. In doing so, we assess the various challenges associated with archiving large-scale legacy multimedia research data, given the lack of literature on archiving such datasets. We address issues such as the anonymisation of video research data, the ethical challenges of managing legacy data and historic consent, ownership considerations, the handling of large-size multimedia data, as well as the complexity of multi-project data from a number of researchers and legacy data from ele

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Bórawski, Piotr. "SUMMARY FROM CONFERENCE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN LOCAL AND REGIONAL SCALE." sj-economics scientific journal 20, no. 1 (2016): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v20i1.373.

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On 9 April at the School of Economic and Social in Ostroleka was held a conference entitled ,,Sustainable Development in local and regional scale”. 27 papers were submited for the conference from various scientific centers,particularly: Pennsylvania State University-USA, Imperial College London -England, WULS-SGGW in Warsaw, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cracow University of Economics, Catholic University of Lublin, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, the Higher School of Economic and Social Ostroleka and Warsaw School of Ec

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Bischoff, Christine Anna, Richard C. Ghail, Philippa J. Mason, Alessandro Ferretti, and John A. Davis. "Revealing millimetre-scale ground movements in London using SqueeSAR™." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 53, no. 1 (2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2018-075.

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Reid, David W., Mary C. Tierney, Maria L. Zorzitto, W. Gary Snow, and Rory H. Fisher. "On the Clinical Value of the London Psychogeriatric Rating Scale." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 39, no. 4 (1991): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02901.x.

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Nicholson, Helen. "Attending to Sites of Learning: London and pedagogies of scale." Performance Research 17, no. 4 (2012): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2012.712317.

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MATHIS, ROMAIN, NICHOLAS HUTCHINS, and IVAN MARUSIC. "Large-scale amplitude modulation of the small-scale structures in turbulent boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 628 (June 1, 2009): 311–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009006946.

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In this paper we investigate the relationship between the large- and small-scale energy-containing motions in wall turbulence. Recent studies in a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer (Hutchins & Marusic, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 365, 2007a, pp. 647–664) have revealed a possible influence of the large-scale boundary-layer motions on the small-scale near-wall cycle, akin to a pure amplitude modulation. In the present study we build upon these observations, using the Hilbert transformation applied to the spectrally filtered small-scale component of fluctuating velocity sig

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Barros, Joana, and Flavia da Fonseca Feitosa. "Ethno-racial segregation in São Paulo and London metropolitan regions: reflections on a comparative study." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 41 (August 16, 2024): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0262.

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This paper analyzes ethno-racial residential segregation in two large metropolitan areas across the Global North and South: London (UK) and São Paulo (Brazil). Residential segregation is measured and mapped using global and local spatial segregation indices that portray different spatial dimensions across scales. To interpret results, the study adopted a relational approach that juxtaposes global figures and local variations of segregation, complementary dimensions of segregation (dissimilarity and exposure/isolation), multiple scales of segregation, and location patterns of different ethno-ra

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Williams, D. J. "E. E. Green's collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) in The Natural History Museum, London, U. K." Zootaxa 4318, no. 2 (2017): 201–53. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4318.2.1.

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Williams, D. J. (2017): E. E. Green's collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) in The Natural History Museum, London, U. K. Zootaxa 4318 (2): 201-253, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4318.2.1

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Almár, Iván, and Margaret S. Race. "Discovery of extra-terrestrial life: assessment by scales of its importance and associated risks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1936 (2011): 679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0227.

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The Rio Scale accepted by the SETI Committee of the International Academy of Astronautics in 2002 is intended for use in evaluating the impact on society of any announcement regarding the discovery of evidence of extra-terrestrial (ET) intelligence. The Rio Scale is mathematically defined using three parameters (class of phenomenon, type of discovery and distance) and a δ factor, the assumed credibility of a claim. This paper proposes a new scale applicable to announcements alleging evidence of ET life within or outside our Solar System . The London Scale for astrobiology has mathematical stru

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Hall, Suzanne M. "High Street Adaptations: Ethnicity, Independent Retail Practices, and Localism in London's Urban Margins." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 43, no. 11 (2011): 2571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a4494.

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Two key forces are likely to impact on the retail profile of London's high streets. First is the increasing expansion of London's retail sector across both affiliated and independent sectors, paralleled with economic volatility associated in part with the global crisis in 2008. The second is the political shift, at both national and city scales, towards the recognition of small independent shops and local high streets, as signalled in The Mayor's Draft Replacement London Plan, 2010. This brings us to a third consideration: the growth of ethnic retail, evidenced particularly in London where nat

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Becker, Alexander D., Ruthie B. Birger, Aude Teillant, Paul A. Gastanaduy, Gregory S. Wallace, and Bryan T. Grenfell. "Estimating enhanced prevaccination measles transmission hotspots in the context of cross-scale dynamics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 51 (2016): 14595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604976113.

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A key question in clarifying human–environment interactions is how dynamic complexity develops across integrative scales from molecular to population and global levels. Apart from its public health importance, measles is an excellent test bed for such an analysis. Simple mechanistic models have successfully illuminated measles dynamics at the city and country levels, revealing seasonal forcing of transmission as a major driver of long-term epidemic behavior. Seasonal forcing ties closely to patterns of school aggregation at the individual and community levels, but there are few explicit estima

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Senst, Tobias, Volker Eiselein, Alexander Kuhn, and Thomas Sikora. "Crowd Violence Detection Using Global Motion-Compensated Lagrangian Features and Scale-Sensitive Video-Level Representation." Transactions on Information Forensics and Security PP, no. 99 (2017): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2017.2725820.

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Lagrangian theory provides a rich set of tools for analyzing non-local, long-term motion information in computer vision applications. Based on this theory, we present a specialized Lagrangian technique for the automated detection of violent scenes in video footage. We present a novel feature using Lagrangian direction fields that is based on a spatio-temporal model and uses appearance, background motion compensation, and long-term motion information. To ensure appropriate spatial and temporal feature scales, we apply an extended bag-of-words procedure in a late-fusion manner as classification

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Turner, P. M., and T. J. Turner. "Validation of the Crisis Triage Rating Scale for Psychiatric Emergencies." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 9 (1991): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379103600905.

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Using a sample of 500 emergency psychiatric patients at Victoria Hospital in London, Ontario, this study replicated part of the research on the Crisis Triage Rating Scale (CTRS) conducted by Bengelsdorf, Levy, Emerson and Barile in 1984. The relationship between the suggested CTRS cut-off score and the decision whether or not to hospitalize the patient was studied, independently of these scores. The relative contribution of each of the subscales (Dangerousness, Support System and Ability to Cooperate) to this decision was also determined. The results of this study suggest that using a cut-off

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Mudholkar, S. "Neurocognitive Basis of Impulsivity in Personality Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70573-5.

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Aim:1.Whether patients with personality disorders of borderline and antisocial type have a specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits.2.Whether impulsivity measured with clinical rating scales is related with performance on neuropsychological tests of risk taking which is sensitive to ventrofrontal cortex lesions.Method:20 patients and their age, sex and IQ matched controls participated in the study. Each patient and control was administered validated clinical rating scales in order to:1.Ascertain the diagnosis with respect to DSM-IV criteria (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM: Personalit

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Mudholkar, S. "Neurocognitive Basis of Impulsivity in Personality Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71315-x.

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Aim:1.Whether patients with personality disorders of borderline and antisocial type have a specific pattern of neurocognitive deficits.2.Whether impulsivity measured with clinical rating scales is related with performance on neuropsychological tests of risk taking which is sensitive to ventrofrontal cortex lesions.Method:20 patients and their age, sex and IQ matched controls participated in the study. Each patient and control was administered validated clinical rating scales in order to:1.Ascertain the diagnosis with respect to DSM-IV criteria (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM: Personalit

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Gartland Jr., Eugene C. "SCALINGS AND LIMITS OF LANDAU-DE GENNES MODELS FOR LIQUID CRYSTALS: A COMMENT ON SOME RECENT ANALYTICAL PAPERS." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 23, no. 3 (2018): 414–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mma.2018.025.

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Some recent analytical papers have explored limiting behaviors of Landaude Gennes models for liquid crystals in certain extreme ranges of the model parameters: limits of “vanishing elasticity” (in the language of some of these papers) and “low-temperature limits.” We use simple scaling analysis to show that these limits are properly interpreted as limits in which geometric length scales (such as the size of the domain containing the liquid crystal material) become large compared to intrinsic length scales (such as correlation lengths or coherence lengths, which determine defect core sizes). Th

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Lockwood, Andrew, and Kyunghee Pyun. "Developing a scale measuring customers’ servicescape perceptions in upscale hotels." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, no. 1 (2020): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-04-2017-0208.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the detailed process of development of a reliable scale to measure customer perceptions of the upscale hotel servicescape that could then be used as a basis for intra- and inter-hotel comparisons and to examine relationships with other variables, such as emotions, satisfaction and loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A review of the existing service and hospitality literature provided a range of dimensions and attributes of the hotel servicescape, which were used as the basis for a Q-sort technique to determine the content adequacy of newly developed and exi

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Cristiano, Elena, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Santiago Gaitan, Susana Ochoa Rodriguez, and Nick van de Giesen. "Critical scales to explain urban hydrological response: an application in Cranbrook, London." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 4 (2018): 2425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2425-2018.

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Abstract. Rainfall variability in space and time, in relation to catchment characteristics and model complexity, plays an important role in explaining the sensitivity of hydrological response in urban areas. In this work we present a new approach to classify rainfall variability in space and time and we use this classification to investigate rainfall aggregation effects on urban hydrological response. Nine rainfall events, measured with a dual polarimetric X-Band radar instrument at the CAESAR site (Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research, NL), were aggregated in time and space in or

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Selemetas, D., and J. R. Standing. "Response of full-scale piles to EPBM tunnelling in London Clay." Géotechnique 67, no. 9 (2017): 823–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.sip17.p.126.

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The installation and working test performance of four full-scale instrumented driven piles and their subsequent response to twin tunnels constructed below the pile bases are described. One pair was designed to be largely friction piles and the other pair end-bearing. Their locations relative to the new tunnels were carefully chosen to optimise understanding of pile responses at varying offsets from the centre-lines. The site conditions and the greenfield response to earth pressure balance machine tunnelling at the site were described in a companion paper that reported an expanding displacement

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