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1
Morrow, Craig Robert. "Early modern spectatorship in performative London." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c0d36c9e-b4f2-4e47-becd-aac1bc670f4f.
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Stacy, Lorna. "Gardens for the London child : the utilisation of gardens and nature for the physical, educational and psychological development of children in London, 1850-1939." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/2598117b-e3a0-40a6-abb5-a324886c1cff.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the ways in which gardens and nature were used to enhance the physical, educational and psychological development of children in London between 1850 and 1939. The research aims to demonstrate that although there are modern trends in utilising gardens and nature for the mental and physical development of children, such practices were, in fact, being developed over a century before.
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Passmore, Michael. "The responses of Labour-controlled London local authorities to major changes in housing policy, 1971-1983." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-responses-of-labourcontrolled-london-local-authorities-to-major-changes-in-housing-policy-19711983(231d329a-62ef-4d81-83a9-05235b3d0926).html.
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This thesis explores the relationship between town halls and Conservative governments over two policy changes which reduced local autonomy: the Housing Finance Act 1972 imposed rent increases on council housing, and the 1980 Housing Act gave tenants the Right to Buy. The literature on local authority resistance concentrates on high-profile battles between government ministers and Clay Cross and Norwich councils, but the coverage of London boroughs is sparse, except for that on Camden’s defiance in 1972. This thesis aims to assess the responses of eight Labour-controlled boroughs in the capital to the controversial legislation, including Greenwich, targeted by government ministers for being especially ‘difficult’ over the Right to Buy. The thesis examines the extent to which Labour-controlled local authorities sought to resist the government measures, their strategies and the outcomes; splits in Labour groups over implementation and any differences between 1972 and 1980. Attention is paid to the role of local Conservatives in the controversies. The thesis relies on minutes of council meetings and reports in local newspapers, supplemented by some oral interviews. It was recognised in 1972 that for resistance to be effective, Labour authorities needed to agree a common strategy, but attempts to do so failed. While councillors increasingly feared incurring legal sanctions, the Parliamentary Labour Party urged them to accept a compromise which could lessen the rent increases. Camden rebelled for several months, despite a serious split among Labour councillors, and only complied when ministers made their position financially untenable. Labour groups remained more united over implementing the Right to Buy scheme as they had other priorities and could delay or frustrate individual sales. The boroughs did the minimum necessary to operate the government scheme and resisted pressure from ministers over their performance. After initially refusing to implement the 1980 legislation, Greenwich subsequently survived threats of intervention through negotiation. Overall this thesis demonstrates that there was resistance among the boroughs studied to both policy changes which encroached upon their autonomy, but that the political battles were mainly fought on housing issues with Conservative councillors invariably supporting their party in government.
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Bowman, Anna. "Interim spaces : reshaping London : the role of short life property, 1970 to 2000." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/595c8531-65c2-46b6-affe-b03ff9444253.
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Enneli, Pinar. "Turkish-speaking young people in north London : a case of diversity and disadvantage." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/9f97a2b4-8ad2-4347-a882-491bb846c1c9.
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Smith, Heather. "Women and marriage in the eighteenth century : evidence from the London church courts, 1730-1780." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/cf6e6de7-9641-49a7-bff4-032f7e448664.
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This thesis examines the meaning of marriage for women in the eighteenth century by considering what actually constituted 'marriage' from both a legal and a social perspective. The thesis argues that evidence from the church court records suggest an overall continuity in social standards and practice in relation to marriage, despite the introduction of the Hardwicke Marriage Act in 1753. Whilst the Act played an important role in redefining the standards by which men and women were legally able to resolve their domestic disputes, it did not have a corresponding impact (at the same time) on social practice. For this reason, this thesis asserts that the standards represented in court after 1753 should only be read as evidence of a specific legal culture of marriage, and problematises the consequence of interpreting court evidence as an indicator of social change. The thesis draws together the evidence of premarital disputes, adultery, domestic violence and testamentary causes to examine attitudes towards marriage over the course of the eighteenth century. It finds that the first half of the century was characterised by disputes relating to the legal definitions of marriage, but later cases focused more on personal behaviour. Thus, the Hardwicke Act reformed ecclesiastical authority, but at the same time the courts began to rely more on personal interpretations of unacceptable behaviour. This suggests that although the judicial process played an important role in reforming litigants' expectations of their marital rights, it was also forced to address the changing experiences of an urban population. The influence of kin and other community members are seen as particularly important in shaping this process. They regulated and imposed standards (through opinions based on factors such as space, dress, gendered behaviour and reputation) that were malleable and open to interpretation. This produced a whole range of norms that, combined with legal conventions, defined in court the varied experience of matrimony for women.
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Bradbury, Jonathan Paul. "The 1929 Local Government Act : the formulation and implementation of the Poor Law (health care) and Exchequer Grant reforms for England and Wales (outside London)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/0912f869-b9d3-4394-bfd9-59d184518f74.
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La, Forterie Maud de. "Visions modernes d’une Angleterre éternelle. Généalogies et part hantée de l’œuvre photographique de Bill Brandt (1904-1983)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL054.
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L’œuvre rigoureuse de Bill Brandt, au service d’une incontestable poésie, s’écoule sur près d’un demi-siècle et résume à elle seule les quatre grands genres de la photographie que sont le reportage social, le portrait, le nu et le paysage. Né à Hambourg en 1904, le déni de ses origines allemandes l’amena à s’identifier pleinement à l’Angleterre où il vécut la plus grande partie de sa vie, laquelle prit fin à Londres en 1983. Cette thèse a pour objet de mettre en évidence la trajectoire éminemment moderniste de Brandt, lequel a exploité au maximum le caractère réflexif de la photographie afin de satisfaire au mieux sa quête identitaire. Cette dernière, en prise avec les traversées géographiques et culturelles vécues par le photographe, s’articule autour de registres plus ténus ayant trait à la mémoire ainsi qu’aux perspectives historiques et généalogiques. Aussi, cette reformulation personnelle s’est accompagnée chez Brandt d’une reformulation de son œuvre et de sa pratique du médium jusqu’à en repousser les limites intrinsèques : portée par une appétence scopique, elle a exploré les ressorts spatiaux et diégétiques de l’image avant de tendre vers une sérénité haptique et sculpturale alors que le photographe accédait à sa pleine reconnaissance artistique, proposant ainsi une relecture des apports modernistesBill Brandt's quite rigorous works cover nearly half a century and encompass the four major kinds of photography (i.e. social photo-reportage, portraits, nudes and landscapes) with a true sense of poetry. Born in Hamburg in 1904, the denial of his German origins led him to fully identify himself with England where he lived most of his life in London until his death in 1983. This thesis aims at highlighting Brandt's modernist path as he constantly used the reflexive capabilities of photography as a way to satisfy his own quest for a native English identity. Beyond the geographical and cultural journeys experienced by the photographer before his arrival in England, the root causes of his quest actually lie in more tenuous matters related to memory as well as historical and genealogical perspectives. This personal quest for redefining his identity resulted in a progressive reshaping of his own works and practice of the medium to push back its inner limits: firstly driven by a scopic appetite, he then explored the many spatial and diegetic dimensions of image until finally evolving towards a more haptic and sculptural serenity as he was receiving a proper artistic recognition, hence offering a rereading of his modernist contributions
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Keith, M. "The 1981 riots in London." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384700.
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Wilcox, Denys J. "The London Group 1913-1939." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390143.
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Bennett, Simon Ashley. "What risks in whose risk society? : an assessment of what effect, if any, the historic and contemporary socio-economic conditions and expectations of the community of Sands End, Fulham, London, had on the character and dynamics of the 1983-1984 debate over the decontamination and demolition of Fulham Power Station." Thesis, Brunel University, 1996. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7877.
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The thesis discusses the mediating role of socioeconomic factors in risk debates through an examination of the decontamination and demolition of Fulham Power Station in 1983-1984. The power station was built between the wars by and for the people of Fulham. Located on the Thames in the neighbourhood of Sands End, it generated electricity and provided employment until 1978, when it was sold to a property development company. During the decontamination, a quantity of asbestos was released into the environment. A protest group was formed to secure better standards of work at the site. The group never had more than a dozen active members. All the members were middle-class. At the time of the decontamination and demolition, Sands End was a poor neighbourhood. A majority of the local population faced many 'social' as well as environmental hazards. Amongst these were sub-standard housing, unemployment, under-employment, low wages, inadequate work and educational skills and crime. The thesis discusses whether the neighbourhood's socioeconomic problems had any bearing on the character and dynamics of the power station debate. It suggests that the social geography and economic status of Sands End had two major effects on the debate. Firstly, gentrification provided the neighbourhood with a (small) middle-class constituency receptive to issues of environmental risk, such as the long-term health implications of airborne asbestos dust. Secondly, the neighbourhood's pressing social and economic problems mitigated against a wider involvement in the campaign. Most residents were too preoccupied with meeting their social and economic needs to become actively involved. The thesis also suggests that the population's experience of Fulham Power Station as a source of 'convenient' electrical power, employment and civic pride may have made it difficult for those native to Sands End to accept the activists' construction of the power station as a source of danger.
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Wolf, Benjamin. "Promoting new music in London, 1930-1980." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531332.
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Scragg, Rebbecca Elizabeth. "Consuming Contemporary Art : London c.1914-1923." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518727.
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Atkinson, Hugh. "The rise and fall of the London new urban left in London Labour politics 1976-1987." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336383.
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Tyler, Allan Paul. "Men selling sex to men : representations, identities, and experiences in contemporary London." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2016. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1963/.
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This study seeks to record and document the voices, experiences and representations of men who sell sex to men in London through advertising in queer media. It examines the diverse experiences and representations of men who sell sex to men and the roles they have in coconstructing the meanings of queer, male, and sexual identities and practices. It explores data triangulated from a queer ethnography of London’s queer scenes, including: semi-structured interviews with key informants (n=20), samples of escort and masseur advertisements collected from print media, data from social networking websites aimed at gay men, and field notes from collecting data within London’s queer scenes. Eighteen of the interview participants are gay or bisexual men who have used advertising to sell sex to other men in London themselves. The study finds that classified advertising can be used as a canon of texts to explore socially constructed records of sexual and economic stories. It details how men have used promotion strategies and technologies to sell sex to other men in London from the early 1990s to the present and how those media have evolved in that time. It suggest ways that sex in this queer, commercial scene is often comparable to more explicit forms of commercial sex transactions. In turn, shifts are illustrated in how sex work is defined here, including ways that the socio-economic, embodied, performative priorities of queer men are interrelated with their geographic and temporal contexts. The study examines ways that typological models can be limiting to how sex work is understood and proposes an (inter-) relational model grounded in the data from men who have sold sex, semiotic structures of analysis, and queer theory. Finally, it argues that these frameworks usefully operationalise structures of subjectivity in empirical research of human and social sciences.
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Suzuki, Toshio. "Japanese government loan issues on the London capital market, 1870-1913 /." London : the Athlone press, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37199225f.
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Bianchini, Franco. "Cultural policy and political strategy : the British Labour Party's approach to arts policy with particular reference to the 1981-86 GLC experiment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658063.
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Fae, Maria Ines. "Explaining developments in commuting patterns to central London during the 1980's." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/645/.
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The main objective of this thesis is to identify and understand the key factors involved in the changing patterns of commuting into Central London during the period 1981-89, in particular through a case study of Kent. The questions addressed here are threefold: (i) what changes in the temporal and spatial patterns of work-trips can be identified and related to changes in the employment structure of Central London, population and employment relocation, and change in the rail attributes; (ii) to what extent the attributes of the transport system, the location of people and jobs, and the specialisation of the Central London market have contributed to the changes in Central London commuting during the 80's; (iii) which other factors, apart from the ones listed above, might be identified as playing a role in the patterns of worktravel to Central London. This thesis initially addresses the qualitative aspect of the changes in the commuting patterns, in which a descriptive examination of the data set is carried out. This first analysis aims to provide the necessary background to investigate the interaction between the demand for rail commuting and the distribution of jobs and population. The second part of the work is comprised of a quantitative analysis carried out through a model which aims to explain the level and the spatial distribution of commuters. The framework developed here proved to be powerful enough to shed some light on the understanding of the changes in the patterns of commuting between Kent and London during the 1980's. The results given by the model showed that it can be an useful tool to explain the long run effects of population and jobs location on the commuting patterns from Kent. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, the rail demand from particular zones was found to be very elastic with respect to improvements in services to those zones, disregarding the compensating changes elsewhere and allowing for long run population and job changes. Another important finding was that Mid-Kent presented significant levels of commuting to Central London alongside the expansion of the local economy in the area. This is explained by the overall migration of people in the metropolis according to life cycle, and the availability of employment opportunities provided by the relevant switch of jobs in Central London.
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Théron, Roseline. "Un service public dans la tourmente : évolution de la culture d'entreprise au sein de London Transport - Transport for London, 1981-2006." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL624.
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En vingt-cinq ans, London Transport a absorbé les mutations politiques, économiques et sociologiques de la capitale. Le bastion d'une culture ouvrière masculine, blanche, géré par les ingénieurs, est devenu une entreprise de services ouverte aux femmes et aux minorités, tournée vers le client. Les concepts de Service Public et de Culture d'Entreprise une fois définis, l'analyse des journaux internes de l'entreprise et de documents confidentiels déterminera les invariants de la culture de London Transport. Elle montrera aussi l'instrumentalisation progressive de celle-ci. L'étude du contexte de ces changements permettra, enfin, de découvrir une organisation marquée par une suite de conflits et traumatismes et par une incertitude permanente. Pourtant les attentats de juillet 2005 furent un choc fédérateur, et sous leur nouvelle identité, dirigés par un cadre issu de leurs rangs, les transports publics londoniens peuvent envisager les défis à venir avec davantage de sérénitéOver the last twenty-five years, London Transport has absorbed the political, economic and sociological changes of the capital city. The once white, male, working-class stronghold of an engineer culture has turned into a customer-focused service company open to diversity. The notions of Public Service and Corporate culture being defined, an analysis of the staff magazines and of confidential in-house documents will elicit the unchanged elements of London Transport's culture. It will also show how it has gradually been turned into a management tool. Studying the context of the changes experienced by the company will then reveal that the organisation bears the mark of a series of conflicts and traumas, and of constant uncertainty. However the attacks on July 7th 2005 proved to be a unifying shock. With their new identity as TfL, under the leadership of a former executive risen from inside the group, public transport in London may now consider the challenges to come with greater serenity
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Ludtke, Laura Elizabeth. "The lightscape of literary London, 1880-1950." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:99e199bf-6a17-4635-bfbf-0f38a02c6319.
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From the first electric lights in London along Pall Mall, and in the Holborn Viaduct in 1878 to the nationalisation of National Grid in 1947, the narrative of the simple ascendency of a new technology over its outdated predecessor is essential to the way we have imagined electric light in London at the end of the nineteenth century. However, as this thesis will demonstrate, the interplay between gas and electric light - two co-existing and competing illuminary technologies - created a particular and peculiar landscape of light, a 'lightscape', setting London apart from its contemporaries throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Indeed, this narrative forms the basis of many assertions made in critical discussions of artificial illumination and technology in the late-twentieth century; however, this was not how electric light was understood at the time nor does it capture how electric light both captivated and eluded the imagination of contemporary Londoners. The influence of the electric light in the representations of London is certainly a literary question, as many of those writing during this period of electrification are particularly attentive to the city's rich and diverse lightscape. Though this has yet to be made explicit in existing scholarship, electric lights are the nexus of several important and ongoing discourses in the study of Victorian, Post-Victorian, Modernist, and twentieth-century literature. This thesis will address how the literary influence of the electric light and its relationship with its illuminary predecessors transcends the widespread electrification of London to engage with an imaginary London, providing not only a connection with our past experiences and conceptions of the city, modernity, and technology but also an understanding of what Frank Mort describes as the 'long cultural reach of the nineteenth century into the post-war period'.
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Mosusova, Nadežda. "Das Ballett Der goldene Hahn in London (1937), Berlin (1938) und Belgrad (1939)." Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Musikgeschichte in Mittel- und Osteuropa an der Universität Leipzig, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16161.
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Wie hatten sie es sich überhaupt vorgestellt, die beiden Künstler, der Komponist und der Librettist, damals ein solch bissiges Stück wie Der goldene Hahn auf irgendeine offizielle russische Bühne zu bringen? Aber es gelang, was der Zimin-Produktion, dem Ruhm Rimskij-Korsakovs und der Schönheit der Komposition zu verdanken war. Die außerordentliche Oper überlebte alles und wird auch heute weltweit wegen ihrer wunderbaren Musik aufgeführt, wegen zwei alter (und vielleicht heute vergessener) Zarengeschichten, der von Aleksandr Puškin und der von Vladimir Bel’skij, durch die sich Nikolaj Rimskij-Korsakov zu dieser subtilen Partitur inspirieren ließ.
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Tabner, Isaac T. "The relationship between concentration and realised volatility : an empirical investigation of the FTSE 100 Index January 1984 through March 2003." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/79.
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Few studies have examined the impact of portfolio concentration upon the realised volatility of stock index portfolios, such as the FTSE 100. Instead, previous research has focused upon diversification across industries, across geographic regions and across different firms. The present study addresses this imbalance by calculating the daily time series of four concentration metrics for the FTSE 100 Index over the period from January 1984 through March 2003. In addition, the value weighted variance covariance matrix (VCM) of daily FTSE 100 Index constituent returns is decomposed into four sub-components: two from the diagonal elements and two from the off-diagonal elements of the VCM. These consist of the average variance of constituent returns, represented by the sum of diagonal elements in the VCM, and the average covariance represented by the sum of off-diagonal elements in the VCM. The value weighted average variance (VAV) and covariance (VAC) are each subdivided into the equally weighted average variance (EAV) the equally weighted average covariance (EAC) and incremental components that represent the difference between the respective value-weighted and equally weighted averages. These are referred to as the incremental average variance (IAV) and the incremental average covariance (IAC) respectively. The incremental average variance and the incremental average covariance are then combined, additively, to produce the incremental realised variance (IRV) of the FTSE 100 Index. The incremental average covariance and the incremental realised variance are found to be negative during the 1987 crash and the 1992 ERM crisis. They are also negative for a substantial part of the study period, even when concentration was at its highest level. Hence the findings of the study are consistent with the notion that the value weighted, and hence concentrated, FTSE 100 Index portfolio is generally less risky than a hypothetical equally weighted portfolio of FTSE 100 Index constituents. Furthermore, increases in concentration tend to precede decreases in incremental realised volatility and increases in the equally weighted components of the realised VCM. The results have important implications for portfolio managers concerned with the effect of changing portfolio weights upon portfolio volatility. They are also relevant to passive investors concerned about the effects of increased concentration upon their benchmark indices, and to providers of stock market indices.
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Kocabas, Arzu Hatice. "Urban conservation planning and development outcomes in central Istanbul and central London : 1969-1989." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324901.
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Connelly, Mark Lewis. "The commemoration of the Great War in the City and East London, 1916-1989." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1715.
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The aim of the thesis is to understand how the communities of the City and East London area reacted to the human losses of the Great War. It is an investigation of how the intangible and abstract emotions of grief, pride and bereavement were turned into solid expressions via the war memorials movement. It is also the aim of the study to provide a balance to the fashionable view of the twenties and thirties as a time of disillusion over the Great War and a period in which the values of 1914 were completely rejected. Undoubtedly the War and the tenets surrounding it did undergo a form of examination and questioning during this period; but the thesis seeks to show that through the war memorials and Armistice Day rituals the values that provided the dynamic behind the War were still accepted by many throughout the inter-war years. By examining the development of Armistice Day and the growth of a common "war memory" in a detailed local case study, war memorials will be put into their true context; many studies take the erection of the memorial as an end in itselE However, the memorials were designed to serve a continuing need to remember and so this aspect must be integral to the study. The factors that influenced the nature of these memorials and the associated rituals are part of the project; class, religion, politicial traditions, social and economic influences. The thesis seeks to show how far the traditional bonds of community in the East London area were applied to the scale of human loss; how it was explained and made into a comprehensible phenomenon thaink to the actions of the local agents of authority and influence - clergymen, rabbis, councillors, teachers and employers. The thesis is therefore a detailed, case study of the effect of the War on a distinct area which contextualises and in many cases challenges received opinion.
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Minkley, Gary. "Border dialogues : race, class and space in the industrialization of East London, c1902-1963." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21507.
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Bibliography: pages 361-389.This dissertation explores the local path of industrialization in the port City of East London from its emergence as the urban commercial axis of the Border Region of the Eastern Cape, to the dominance of manufacturing capitalism in its material life. The trajectory of this process between c1902 and 1963 was hesitant, uneven and contradictory, and its local economy remained marginal within South Africa, if not within the Region it critically served to help define. From the space of this marginality, a profound edge on the multiple possible routes, and ambiguities to, and in industrialization are demonstrated, and a cautionary critique of dominant 'national' and 'Randcentric' explanations offered. Employing concerns of spatiality, and of the analysis and local constructions of class and race, the separate, and inter-connected relations between the Workplaces, the Council and Municipal Administration and the Location/s are detailed. Framed within these concerns, local industrialization patterned a distinctive periodization that did not necessarily follow existing explanation, but neither did it determine alIloca1ized processes of continuity and change. These tensions between colonial, racial and class social and material spatialities and histories sedimented industrialization in a context that would remain simultaneously narrowly enabled, and dependently constrained. In this, local forms of power and knowledge, subaltern capacities and agency, and the distinct forms of space intersected in a complex web of relations of domination and subordination, and of solidarity and co-operation. These are traced through the four key periods highlighted. The dissertation can be seen to fall into these four periods tracked across the three material and social terrains, and analysed through the combined, separate and uneven racial and class forces patterned, and re-shaped in East London's process of industrialization. It concludes with the period of its transition onto the national terrains of the apartheid state's secondary phase of systemic and inclusive restructuring. Thereafter, local industrialization became integrated into a new 'national' dynamic of intervention and contradiction.
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Merrill, S. O. C. "Excavating buried memories : mnemonic production in the railways under London and Berlin 1933-2013." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1456646/.
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In this thesis I explore the production of social memory in the subterranean infrastructural landscapes of the London Underground and the Berlin U- and S-Bahn within a period spanning roughly the last eight decades between 1933 and 2013. To do this I apply an approach that is interdisciplinary in scope, comparative in nature and lies at the nexus of transport and cultural history, historical and cultural geography, and memory, landscape and heritage studies. More specifically this approach necessitates an engagement with the theories and literatures related to landscape, social memory and urban infrastructures in order to create new ways to study the cultural geographic and historic characteristics of urban underground railways, whilst simultaneously problematising the biased application of landscape approaches in non-urban contexts and contributing to the re-theorisation of the relationship of landscape and infrastructure. This is achieved by establishing ‘the social memories of landscape’ as my central focus, and the actors, processes, structures and discourses implicated in the production of a variety of ‘buried memories’ as my main concerns. Thereafter, and upon establishing the main components of this research’s mixed methodological and case-orientated comparative approach, I use a series of empirically grounded comparative excavations to shed light on how social memories are produced in the physical, representational and experiential landscapes of the Underground, U- and S-Bahn as exemplified by their cartographies and toponymies, realised and unrealised memorials, and alternative and creative uses of their ruins and vestiges. These excavations contribute in turn to new understandings of the mnemonic actors, processes, structures and discourses that have particular influence and resonance in these urban underground landscapes, and hence serve to demonstrate how the Underground, U- and S-Bahn’s subterranean transport contexts influence the production of social memory.
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Pryke, Michael David. "Urban land 'values' and the changing role of financial institutions : a case study of the City of London." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329624.
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Peña, Contreras Yeisil Carolina. "London as a corpse in Anthony Burgess' The doctor is sick." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115673.
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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura InglesaThe aim of the present work is to demonstrate that The Doctor is Sick sets out the way in which the subject abandons the institutionalized boundaries of the sign, understood under the structuralism constraints, and discovers a New World characterized by the sign deconstruction. The analogy for that purpose is an Old World that functions as a living body machine, and a New World that is unstable, infinite and subject-dependent; characterized as an anti-hegemonic corpse. As a patient/doctor, the subject dissects what was unknown and invisible by providing an anatomical reading of his lethargic route.
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Casey, E. (Etain). "Walter Ripman and the University of London Holiday Course in English for Foreign Teachers 1903–1952." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216133.
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Abstract The thesis presents a case-study through which the linguistic purpose and historical and social context of the University of London Holiday Course in English Language for Foreign Teachers, is analysed and interpreted. The study foregrounds the context, content and development of one of the smallest academic units, a four-week short course, to contribute to our understanding of how international students of English language were taught and assessed in a particular university context in the early 20th century. The period from 1903 to 1952 is examined in order to understand why the course was successful and the impact of the work of Walter Ripman (1869-1947) who directed the course until 1939. Ripman is better known as a teacher of German and a significant figure in the German Reform Movement, which originated in 19th century Germany, but his approach to culture, phonetics and vocabulary acquisition in English language teaching and learning is less well known. The study goes beyond a history of his methodology to investigate and critically assess the formula that Ripman developed for the design of the short, university English language course and compares it with a similar course run at University College London by Daniel Jones. The changes that were made to the content and purpose of the course, following Ripman’s retirement in 1939, are examined as to how far they reflected the effects of war and the continued desire to internationalise the University itself by aligning the content of the courses more closely to the University programmes. The nature and importance of the web of relationships between staff in the success and longevity of the course are analysed and in particular the contribution of women to better understand their role in the learned world at that timeTiivistelmä Tässä tapaustutkimuksessa analysoidaan ja tulkitaan Lontoon yliopiston ulkomaisille opettajille suunnatun englannin kielen lomakurssin kielellisiä tavoitteita sekä historiallista ja sosiaalista kontekstia. Tutkimus nostaa tarkastelun kohteeksi yhden pienimmistä akateemisista opintokoko-naisuuksista eli neliviikkoisen lyhytkurssin ja sen kontekstin, sisällön ja kehityksen. Tavoitteena on syventää ymmärrystä siitä, kuinka kansainvälisiä englannin kielen opiskelijoita opetettiin ja arvioitiin tässä yliopistokontekstissa 1903–1952. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, miksi kurssi oli menestyksekäs ja mikä rooli tässä oli Walter Ripmanilla (1869–1947), joka johti kurssia vuoteen 1939 asti. Ripman tunnetaan saksan kielen opettajana ja tärkeänä hahmona kieltenopetuksen uudistustyössä, joka alkoi 1800-luvulla Saksassa, mutta hänen englannin opetukseen ja oppimiseen liittyvät näkemyksensä kulttuurista, fonetiikasta ja sanaston oppimisesta ovat vähemmän tunnettuja. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan Ripmanin metodologian historiaa mutta arvioidaan myös kriittisesti yliopistollisen englannin kielen lyhytkurssin toimintamallia, jota hän kehitti. Mallia verrataan vastaavaan kurssiin, jota Daniel Jones johti Lontoon University Collegessa. Työssä tutkitaan niitä muutoksia, joita tehtiin kurssin sisältöön ja tavoitteisiin sodan jälkeen, kun Ripman oli jo siirtynyt eläkkeelle. Muutoksia tarkastellaan suhteessa yliopiston kansainvälistämispyrki¬myksiin ja toiveisiin suunnata kurssisisältöä yliopiston tutkinto-ohjelmien mukaisesti. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa kiinnitetään huomiota henkilökunnan keskinäisten verkostojen luonteeseen ja merkitykseen kurssin menestykselle ja pitkäikäisyydelle sekä erityisesti naisten panokseen ajan akateemisessa maailmassa
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Allwright, Lucy. "The war on London : defending the city from the war in the air 1932-1943." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49641/.
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During the 1930s the massive expansion of London and fears over the uncontrolled, unplanned modernity of the city coincided with fears over the ability of the new technology of the bomber and aerial warfare to decimate cities. This thesis explores the relationship between London as a governed, practiced and represented site, and aerial bombardment. It considers the impact of the new technology of aerial bombing on city space, by looking at the policies that emerged to deal with the consequences of bombardment, specifically through analysis of Air Raid Precautions. It follows these policies on a trajectory through to the actual bombing of the city and the public commemoration of that bombing in 1943. The thesis explores the competing visions of city life opened up by the lens of aerial warfare, providing a cultural history of the defence of London. It considers how fears about how to protect the city from bombs offered the opportunity for political commentators, local authorities, architects, engineers and planners to voice their concerns about how to protect the urban population at war. Contained within these debates are particular visualisations of the population of London. The thesis thus considers social imaginations of London between 1932 and 1943. It sugests that ARP offered a means to present and articulate different ideas about how to govern and manage an urban population. It also reflects on how these ideas changed over time. Ultimately it seeks to move between the universal and the particular, exploring how and why blitzed London came to stand for the nation during the war, and in so doing provided a collective consciousness for the nation at war. At the same time by interrogating the representations that made up that collective consciousness, I move to the particular, considering how representations of London under fire were mediated by local experiences and urban practices. The thesis seeks to offer a nuanced account of London's modernity through showing the compexity of responses to the problem of managing and imagining a city under fire.
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Bwalya, John. "Desegregation and socio-spatial integration in residential suburbs in East London, South Africa (1993-2008)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/336.
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This study used integration as the overarching conceptual framework to investigate socio-spatial integration in post-apartheid South Africa. The study adopted the embedded case study design to investigate the spatial and social aspects of integration in former white residential suburbs in East London, South Africa. Recognising that integration occurred in different registers, this study used data from the South African Property Transfer Guide (SAPTG) database to investigate spatial-temporal integration in East London‟s residential suburbs from 1993 to 2008. A total of 21,683 residential property transfers were reviewed in 46 suburbs, and transfers to Blacks were identified. The residential property transfers were mapped to identify the nature of spatial integration. To investigate social integration, in-depth personal interviews were conducted on a purposively drawn sample of residents in the three case study suburbs of Southernwood, Cambridge and Gonubie. The interviews focused on three proxy indicators of social capital at neighbourhood level. The results of the study showed that post-apartheid spatial integration in East London closely followed the class-based residential template. Contrary to predictions prior to, and following apartheid‟s demise, the study showed that spatial integration occurred without racial conflicts. The study also found that social integration in the residential suburbs reflected the neighbourhood context and personal preferences, and was highly fluid. Although feelings of racial distance were evident, there were also indications of social cohesion, which were dynamic and uneven in time and space. Based on the data and the dialectical nature of spatial and social integration, the study concluded that fragmentation and integration are likely to continue coexisting in the South African city.
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Johansson, Ida. "Londonpolisen och kravaller från 1985-2011 : En studie i glömskans dynamik." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4463.
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Genom historien har människor runt om i världen stått upp mot ett beteende de har ansett vara orättvist. Det har förkroppsligats i strejker, kravaller och rentutav revolutioner och statskupper. Lika länge har ordningsmakt, men även politiker, behövt hantera dessa typer av samhällsuppror. Syftet med denna studie är att, utifrån ett policyorienterat perspektiv, undersöka vilka lärdomar Londonpolisen drog av kriser under tidsperioden 1985-2011. Vidare ska det undersökas vad som hände med dessa lärdomar när den brittiska inrikespolitiska agendan förändrades. Det intressanta ligger i att undersöka vilka lärdomar som kan dras och huruvida sådana lärdomar kan bestå utan underhåll från den politiska sidan och när frågorna på agendan förändras. Undersökningen består utav en teorikonsumerande enfallsstudie av tiden mellan The Broadwater Farm riots 1985 och Londonkravallerna 2011. Denna långa tidsepok är sedan uppdelad i rubriker av vad som var aktuellt utefter hur den politiska agendan förändrades. Däri ligger det empiriska materialets framställning samt analysen i att finna tecken på både instrumentellt och socialt policylärande utifrån Policy Learning Theory. Resultaten i studien visar att Londonpolisen visserligen drog policyorienterade lärdomar efter kravallerna 1985, och detta med ganska enkla medel, men att dessa genom historien verkar ha glömts bort, detta på grund av att de flesta av de åtgärder som indikerar lärande endast var ett spel för gallerierna. Dessa resultat i kombination med teori om policyorienterat lärande förklarar att det är den politiska agendan och hur uppmärksamheten organiseras som sätter ramen för vilka lärdomar som kan dras och hur dessa underhålls för att bestå in i dessa typer av organisationers framtida arbete.
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Suzuki, Toshio. "Foreign government loan issues on the London capital market, 1870-1913, with special reference to Japan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1217/.
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This thesis examines foreign government loan issues on the London capital market in the period from 1870 to 1913, with special reference to Japan. Chapter One provides an overview of foreign government loan issues in London. Chapter Two deals with a number of more specific topics: the development of the loan issue organisations on the market, and the role and involvement of various types of financial institutions in loan issue business. Later Chapters mainly take up the detailed history of Japanese government loan issues, referring to domestic Japanese financial conditions. Chapters Three to Seven examine the development of Japanese government loan issues on the international capital markets. Throughout these operations Japan enhanced its creditworthiness by successfully spreading its loan issue operations from London to New York, Berlin and Paris. Chapter Eight discusses municipal and company loan issues, with a view to comparing them with the government's. Chapter Nine discusses the role of the Japanese government's deposits in London under the international gold standard system, and the effects of the Japanese government loan issues on Japan's foreign trade. The Conclusion summarises the main arguments of the thesis.
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Barratt, Claire. "An investigation into the cultural meanings of contemporary mourning and memento mori jewellery (London 1980-2008)." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2010. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/9609/.
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This thesis surveys various types of jewellery that reference death which emerged between 1980-2008. It compares them to their historical precedents, particularly mourning and memento mori jewellery, which had fallen out of use by the early twentieth century. The return of this imagery in late twentieth century jewellery might suggest a revival of older, obsolete rituals of death and mourning, and imply changes in popular attitudes towards bereavement and grief, even a new cultural acceptance of death and mortality. However, the contemporary meanings of the new jewellery appeared to be more varied, wide-ranging and ambiguous than those of their historical precedents. The thesis examines some of the changed meanings and altered contexts for the new mourning and memento mori jewellery, by surveying a broad range of jewellery that is normally studied separately within different academic disciplines. It is sourced from the funeral industry, subculture, studio jewellery, pop memorabilia, mass market and avant-garde fashion. In addition, the thesis examines the narratives and meanings that jewellery is imbued with by individuals following bereavement or illness. It addresses questions of how, or whether, items of jewellery differ from other forms of material and visual culture because they are worn objects. Throughout the thesis, jewellery is the key focus and it is analysed using methods from material culture studies, design history and sociology. Together, the breadth of sources and interdisciplinary approach demonstrate that jewellery worn to signify death, memory and mourning is part of a continuum of the wider symbolic and sentimental value of jewellery. The thesis shows a new separation between the functions of mourning and memento mori in jewellery; the absence of an unambiguous, recognisable visual language of death; and a greater, but more private, degree of individualisation of grief in contemporary mourning jewellery than that found in earlier periods.
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Ness, Caroline. "Famous, forgotten, found : rediscovering the career of London couture fashion designer Giuseppe (Jo) Mattli, 1934-1980." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5034/.
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The process of determining the contribution of an almost forgotten couturier, Jo Mattli, to the British fashion and textile industry, has resulted in a deep study of the under-researched London couture scene of the mid-twentieth century. This thesis is distinctive in providing object-based evidence of Mattli’s response to the social and financial changes experienced in Britain post World War II, and unusual for using primary documentary evidence to trace the business history of a London couture house. Based on Prown’s model of object-based material culture research, supported by the inter-disciplinary methodologies of socio-cultural, socio-economic, structuralist and oral history, this thesis makes a unique contribution to the body of knowledge of dress history. Using primary evidence to explore the production and consumption of Mattli couture, ready-to-wear, boutique and wholesale clothing, tests and challenges the theoretical perspectives critically analysed in the thesis. A case study using primary Mattli artefacts tests Prown’s methodology. Simmel, Lipovetsky and Bourdieu’s differing theories of the fashion system, taste, and luxury, are analysed, tested and challenged. Barthes’ semiotic theory is tested against image and text, and Lacan’s psychoanalytical theory challenged for its relevance to the consumption of Mattli designs. The changing cultural status of the surviving Mattli garments is illuminated by employing Thompson’s theory of rubbish and Kopytoff’s biography of the object technique. Evidence from primary sources is supported by contemporaneous literature and oral history. The latter is used cautiously but effectively to support the primary evidence, and absence of evidence, in turn upholding and challenging traditional theoretical models. Scientific identification of a small sample of fibres from surviving Mattli garments challenges the assumed perception of luxury as applied to couture fabrics mid-twentieth century. The resulting study contributes to a greater understanding of the design, production and consumption of London couture, identifies both Mattli’s position within London couture and the reasons for him being forgotten. This thesis argues for the rehabilitation of Mattli in dress history and, as the objects provided the most significant evidence, for the importance of object-based research as a primary component of the methodology used in the discipline.
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Fevre, Christopher. ""Injustice on their backs and justice on their minds" : political activism and the policing of London's Afro-Caribbean Community, 1945-1993." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2019. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3548d5b1-5a9f-4a40-a796-46adb709eff9.
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Sir William Macpherson's conclusion - following his public inquiry into the racist murder of the black teenager Stephen Lawrence in 1993 - that the Metropolitan Police was 'institutionally racist', was a seminal moment for policing in Britain. The publication of the Macpherson report in 1999 has been rightly regarded as a victory for the Stephen Lawrence Family Campaign (SLFC), whose activities had been crucial in building pressure on the newly-elected Labour Government to hold a public inquiry into the Metropolitan Police's murder investigation. However, to focus solely on the Lawrence case, and the SLFC, is to obscure the existence of a longer struggle waged by black Londoners to expose the racism that had affected their experience of policing since the Second World War. This thesis explores the development of grassroots political activism within London's Afro-Caribbean community around the issue of policing from 1945 to 1993. Using material from local community archives, this thesis represents the first attempt at documenting the history of race and policing in London from the perspective of the capital's Afro-Caribbean population. Moreover, by taking the end of the Second World War as its starting point, it also breaks new ground in charting the way Afro-Caribbean people in London organised politically in opposition to racist policing prior to the murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1993. Ever since people of Afro-Caribbean descent began to settle in London in increasing numbers in the aftermath of the Second World War, they have continually expressed concern about the way they were policed. While opposition to policing initially emerged in a highly unorganised form, this was fundamentally altered by the arrival of the British black power movement in the late 1960s. Despite its short existence, black power's emphasis upon independent black grassroots political activism outlived the movement and became a feature of the way black Londoners' challenged racist policing during the 1970s and 1980s. Therefore, this thesis contends that the grassroots political campaign that developed around the case of Stephen Lawrence cannot be viewed in isolation from the historical efforts of black people in London to expose racism within the Metropolitan Police.
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Radford, Alan. "An enquiry into the abolition of the Inner London Education Authority (1964-1988) : with particular reference to politics and policy making." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512371.
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The Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) (1964 – 1990) was abolished by the Education Reform Act, 1988. This ended an unitary system of education that had existed in inner London for over a hundred years. This thesis examines the question of the political reasons and motivations for the ILEA’s abolition, considering both the move to the right by the Conservative party which abolished it, and the move to the left by the Labour party. In effect the polarisation of politics left little room for the form of pragmatic politics and policies which had enabled the ILEA to develop under previous Conservative and Labour administrations. Under these conditions the radical step to abolish the ILEA became possible. Given this political climate the question is asked as to whether there were good grounds for the abolition of the ILEA, over and above ideological considerations. Two strategies are adopted to answer this question. The first examines the history and processes of policy making with reference to the support for Special Educational Needs and Adult, Further and Higher Education. These may be considered ‘success stories’ while a third case, that of William Tyndale, considers whether there were also weaknesses in the ILEA’s policy processes. The second examines the claims that the ILEA tolerated low standards in education and failed to give value for money. It is concluded that the evidence does not sustain the claims made against the ILEA and that therefore, its demise can better be explained by the polarisation of politics at the time.
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Seo, Youngpyo. "Theoretical reflections on the radical Greater London Council (1981-86) and its implications for the British new left." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442524.
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Rahim, Radziah Abdul. "Consular relations within the Commonwealth from the negotiation of the Vienna Convention (1963) to the London Conference (1972)." Thesis, Keele University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418443.
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Kouta, Georgia. "The London Greek diaspora and national politics : the Anglo-Hellenic League and the idea of Greece, 1913-1919." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-london-greek-diaspora-and-national-politics(0fba745c-fcdc-4f35-909f-4b878c358fd9).html.
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This dissertation attempts to understand the complex interactions between British and Greek political and business figures in London and Athens during the early twentieth century. It is a portrait, in particular, of the importance of the Greek diaspora in the politics of modern Greece. The role of diasporas is one of the most important current interpretative emphases of transnational historians, and I seek to map how diasporic Greeks, Anglo-Greeks and Philhellenes produced an extended programme of propaganda for the cause of the Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos. The focus of the dissertation is the Anglo-Hellenic League, which was founded in 1913 in London to ‘defend the just claims of Greece’. Since this is the first time the League has been the focus of a work of scholarship, it is one of the priorities of this dissertation to examine its identity, activity and discourse, which are contained in its public interventions. The dissertation, at its core, is a study of the origins and ideology of the League, based on manuscript and pamphlet sources and applying theoretical approaches drawn from both discourse analysis and the study of diasporas and nationalism. Following the history of the London Greek community from the late nineteenth century, I study how the economic interests of this commercial bourgeoisie shaped their political interventions in early twentieth-century Greece, and in particular their activity as an influential transnational interest group in favour of Venizelist politics. Through a meticulous study of the League’s forms of political speech in its pamphlets and other writings and its relations with eminent British and Greek figures, this thesis intends to map Anglo-Hellenic interactions during the First World War through the scope of this particular political organ of the Greek London diaspora. It seeks to provide a diasporic dimension to the internal Greek political crisis of that period, in which the League played an active role in debates about the future of Greek politics, the National Schism (1915–1917) and the aims of Greek foreign policy during the Balkan and First World War, as well as towards the Greek populations under Ottoman rule. In this context, I aim to show how the Greek diaspora of London constituted an idea of Greece for both British and Greek consumption which connected the aims of British imperial grand strategy with those of the Greek bourgeoisie.
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Turcotte, Jean-Michel. "Bombardons l'Allemagne ! Le bombardement de l'Allemagne (1939-1945) vue par le London Times, le Daily Herald et le Manchester Guardian." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29565/29565.pdf.
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Classey, Eric. "The architecture of the urban school : London's comprehensive schools 1945-1986." Thesis, University of East London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532874.
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Post-War educational policies were radical, but not radical enough for London's social educational agenda. The London County Council, the largest education authority in England, pursued a revolutionary type of education that led to a completely new type of secondary school, despite the urgent need to repair considerable war damage. The launching of the new comprehensive school was a daring operation involving the controversial closing of numerous established schools. Their policy was divisive, generating opposition from politicians of both sides, from the government and even within the council. This thesis charts the history of the architecture of the London comprehensive school. It is a critical review comparing London with national developments, and examines the way the new educational requirements led to a new architecture for the new comprehensives. Architects were at last able to practise modernist architecture for a social purpose, and design for increased complexity in architecture and function. The authority's architects, together with numerous private practices, were able to creatively design schools with a great diversity of modernist architecture. The architecture and how it was perceived together with educational planning is examined. The early difficulties faced in launching the new schools and the special problems of the city school are highlighted. System construction and the reasons why it was not relevant for London are also discussed. This is the first time a wide-ranging selection of London schools has been collated, examined and evaluated. It reveals a rich collection of English modernist architectural developments. The London urban school, ranging from the fifties with Kidbrooke school, to the eighties and into the age of High-Tech with Waterfield, is recorded. Comprehensive schools are now being radically reinvented, altered or demolished, and this work attempts to record the making of their architecture before the history is lost.
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Manzi, Tony Franco. "Individualism, egalitarianism, hierarchy and fatalism in London housing associations, 1988-2003 : a study of housing management and cultural change." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444966/.
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This thesis investigates management change in housing associations in London since the Housing Act of 1988. Previous work on housing management has tended to focus on the adoption of new public management principles, assuming that policy from 1988 has resulted in a cultural shift towards individualism. This study makes use of 'grid-group' cultural theory to challenge this assumption by tracking all four 'cultures' within housing association management: egalitarianism, hierarchalism and fatalism as well as individualism. As a detailed qualitative analysis of the voluntary housing sector, it addresses a neglected field of study within public policy. London provides rich ground for analysis of cultural change in the voluntary housing sector. It has a higher concentration of housing associations than any other UK city, it is where most of the larger housing organisations originated and it is the site of the greatest development activity throughout the period. London housing associations encapsulate all the significant changes in housing management resulting from the reforms of the 1980s. Whilst the study finds evidence of individualistic philosophy, particularly amongst senior housing association managers, it also finds evidence of egalitarianism, hierarchalism and fatalism. Egalitarianism remains as the legacy of housing associations' historical origins and organisational structures. Hierarchy results from an increasingly dominant role for a small number of large, elite organisations, which become more hierarchical as they grow. Fatalism has emerged as a prevalent ethos amongst front-line staff, reflected and reinforced by the increasingly negative experience of residents. The thesis reveals how, contrary to the expectations of the 1988 Act, an overall shift 'up-grid' towards hierarchalism and fatalism emerged as the most significant response.
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MacLean, Brian. "The Islington crime survey 1985 : a cross-sectional study of crime and policing in the London Borough of Islington." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665974.
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Wilks-Heeg, Stuart. "Globalisation and world city governance : internationalisation, urban politics and policy-making in London and Frankfurt am Main, 1986-96." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417294.
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Hayward, Emma. "From London to New York : peripatetic narratives and the urban imaginary in British and American literature from 1985-present." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2028779/.
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The thesis focuses on literary-engagements with London and New York from 1985- present. It brings together a diverse range of literary texts and theoretical discourses on postmodernity, post-colonialism, mass culture and difference, and identifies a variety of cognate literary approaches adopted by contemporary authors in response to the more undesirable facets of late-capitalism. Postmodernity is often conceptualised negatively, critiqued for the way in which it diminishes subjectivity, authenticity, meaning, cultural and ideological efficacy, and historical continuity. The thesis challenges this theoretical perspective by showing how contemporary writing on London and New York is characterised by a recuperative agenda that seeks to ascribe these very qualities to everyday urban experience as it is lived and felt under the conditions of postmodernity. In particular, it considers the significant role played by formal experimentation, and the ways in which postmodern literary techniques, such as intertextuality and hybridity, work ironically to recover a high- modernist concern with meaning, authenticity, cultural efficacy and individual agency. The thesis identifies a millennial shift towards a ‘post-postmodern’ or ‘metamodern’ optimism and enthusiasm, and locates contemporary writing on urban space within this new context.
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Nkomazana, Fidelis W. N. "The London Missionary Society and the development of the Ngwato Christianity, with special reference to Khama III (1857 to 1923)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30585.
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This study examines the impact of the London Missionary Society on the Bangwato of Botswana from 1857 to 1923. The latter possessed a common language, culture and religion with other Tswana ethnic groups and were ruled by a democratic government headed by a King. This societal structure played a vital role in the development of the Ngwato Church. Failure by the missionaries to recognise the importance of these cultural processes, meant that they did not see the need to contextualize Christianity, which resulted in a series of conflicts. Although the reaction of the missionaries was varied it was generally influenced by a superiority complex. The study shows that the L.M.S. adopted two major proselytizing traditions. These are represented by two great pioneer missionaries among the Tswana - Robert Moffat and David Livingstone. The former was culturally conservative, apolitical and evangelical. His methods and approaches largely attempted to impose a western type Christianity on the Ngwato. He rejected the pre-colonial and pre-christian Ngwato customs and traditions without any proper assessment. Although the Livingstonian tradition also demanded that the Tswana society altered in order to accept the missionary message, the task was to be achieved through both formal and information processes of education, acculturation and political involvement. Through these avenues were indigenous leaders also to be.
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Kelliher, Diarmaid. "Solidarity, class and labour agency : mapping networks of support between London and the coalfields during the 1984-5 miners' strike." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8030/.
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From March 1984 to March 1985, over 150,000 British coal miners walked out on strike in protest at plans for widespread closures in the industry. Alongside the strike developed a large and diverse support movement, both within Britain and internationally. This thesis focuses on the solidarity campaign in London, a city far from the heartlands of the coal industry. The support movement outside of the coalfield areas has been relatively understudied in the years since the dispute, and this thesis is a contribution to recuperating this important history. The four central empirical chapters are organised thematically. The first explores relationships developed between London and the coalfields from the late 1960s, arguing that the support of 1984-5 must be rooted in ongoing mutual relationships of solidarity. The second describes the diverse spaces and sites in which the support movement was enacted, and how distinct tactics such as twinning and forms of politicised mobility reduced the distance between London and mining areas, enabling the development of personal relationships across space. The third focuses on the weaknesses of the support movement, working-class opposition to the strike, and the relationship between this absence of solidarity and the anti-union rhetoric of elites. In the fourth empirical chapter, I emphasise how the intersecting politics of class, race, gender and sexuality were raised through the miners’ strike solidarity movement, and the forging of new relationships across spatial and social boundaries. Through a study of the miners’ support movement, this thesis makes a number of central theoretical contributions. It is concerned firstly with developing an account of translocal solidarity as a generative relationship that can construct connections across social and geographical boundaries, and develop new political theories and practices. Secondly, I argue for an intersectional approach to class as a way of rejecting simplistic divisions between the politics of class, gender, sexuality and race. In particular, I highlight intersectionality as a historical process whereby relationships of solidarity across space inform a politics that is simultaneously able to recognise differences and develop commonalities. Thirdly, I emphasise how translocal networks of solidarity contribute to relational constructions of place, but that such an understanding is not inimical to a deep, historically rooted local development of class. Fourthly, I argue that a spatially and temporally dynamic understanding of the construction of cultures of mutual solidarity can contribute significantly to how we think about labour agency.
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Clements, Charlotte. "Youth cultures in the mixed economy of welfare : youth clubs and voluntary associations in South London and Liverpool 1958-1985." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54856/.
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Young people in post-war Britain have grown up in a context of fast-paced change and constant attention; from transformation in state welfare in the 1940s and 1950s, concern about delinquent and subcultural youth in the 1960s and 1970s, and the consequences of recession and youth unemployment in the 1980s. Youth clubs at this time provided a space where young people could figure out myriad influences on their lives and emerging identities. To date, these significant organisations have been woefully under-examined by historians who have largely failed to look at youth groups except in uniformed or religious contexts, or as part of the solution to youth crime. Much practitioner research remains ahistorical in its approach. Early histories of youth movements such as John Springhall’s are being built upon by exciting new interdisciplinary research, for example by Sarah Mills. This thesis contributes to this emerging body of work and restores the place of the youth club in our understandings of youth in the post-war period. This research set out to establish the full range of roles that youth clubs and their membership associations had in the post-war period and how they linked with other forms of voluntarism, welfare and youth provision. Additionally, this research wanted to look at how youth clubs fitted into the lives of young people at a time when their leisure and cultural pursuits were the subject of much scrutiny. In uncovering the complexity and distinctiveness of youth voluntary organisations, local case studies are essential. They allow this research to demonstrate the local factors at work in shaping young lives and youth cultures and provide much-needed evidence about how voluntary service-providing organisations have contributed to the history of voluntarism and welfare in contemporary British history. Papers of clubs and associations held privately and in archives have been complemented by oral history interviews and a range of other sources to examine fully the voluntary youth club in South London and Liverpool. These sources show that clubs were shaped by unique mixes of geography, welfare politics, social issues, international influences, and young people themselves to create spaces for fluid youth cultures and clubs which could blend roles and relationships in order to adapt to local needs and experiences. Youth voluntary organisations were central to networks of youth welfare in London and Liverpool. By looking at how these organisations operated and their relationship with the state, this thesis establishes that voluntary youth clubs were on the frontier of the mixed economy of welfare. They were dynamic in the face of social change and effective in accommodating and responding to the cultural needs of the young consumer in the post-war period. The evidence presented here shows that youth clubs and associations had a pivotal role in helping young people navigate myriad problems. Furthermore, this thesis argues that the category ‘youth’ has concealed the way in which a wide variety of factors such as class, gender, race, and locality have shaped the experiences of young people. Finally, this thesis reveals the crucial role played by a new generation of youth workers, who challenged traditions rooted in uniformed organisations and older youth movements, in embedding permissive and radical approaches in to youth clubs. Ultimately, this thesis argues that the unfixed and contested identity of the youth club could react, respond and adapt to changing welfare, social and cultural pressures. This has given them an undefinable but central status on the very borders of local mixed economies of welfare in South London and Liverpool where the state, voluntary, consumer and cultural were all interconnected to create not only uniquely situated organisations but also micro-local youth cultures. The research presented here contributes to debates about civil society and the making of citizens. It aids understanding of how the category of youth has been constructed and used in wider society in the post-war period. It also adds to our understanding of what welfare provision has looked like and the boundaries between different types of provision. This in turn informs contemporary discussion of who should provide youth and wider welfare services and what forms this should take.
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Perkins, Marianne. "The Politics of Poverty: George Orwell's "Down and Out in Paris and London"." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500674/.
Full textAbstract:
"Down and Out in Paris and London" is typically perceived as non-political. Orwell's first book, it examines his life with the poor in two cities. Although on the surface "Down and Out" seems not to be about politics, Orwell covertly conveys a political message. This is contrary to popular critical opinion. What most critics fail to acknowledge is that Orwell wrote for a middle- and upper-class audience, showing a previously unseen view of the poor. In this he suggests change to the policy makers who are able to bring about improvements for the impoverished. "Down and Out" is often ignored by both critics and readers of Orwell. With an examination of Orwell's politicizing background, and of the way he chooses to present himself and his poor characters in "Down and Out," I argue that the book is both political and characteristic of Orwell's later work.