Academic literature on the topic 'London Polyglot'

Having written and compiled from memory, over 700 Setswana proverbs when he was briefly resident in London, around the 1900s, Sol T. Plaatje exhibited unusual ethnographic knowledge and remarkable, creative translation skills in diaspora-like circumstances. While most literary researchers attest to those achievements, few have been the theories that account sufficiently for Plaatje's multilingual proverb renditions. The view propounded here is that Plaatje's paremiological enterprise was probably never only an exercise of his polyglot abilities. Rather his quest appears to have been to assert the cultural similarities and convergences between African and European people's histories. His socio-political beliefs propelled deep pride over his Setswana identity and became the driving force for highlighting the human bonds among nations of the North and the South. For Plaatje, seeing the overlaps and equivalences in and through the proverbs of the Dutch, English, French, Germans and the Batswana peoples, firstly validated orality as the bedrock of modern literary expression. Secondly, the relationship of the two seemed to recapitulate the communicative connections among people and their languages, across time and space. Lastly, the paper makes the point that Plaatje's search for unity in the cultural diversity as exhibited in his 1916 Diane tsa Setswana collection and the 1924 A Sechuana Reader stories, provides instructive lessons that present-day South Africa would ill afford to ignore considering the social cohesion challenges the nation faces.

The plays of Bernard-Marie Koltès have been phenomenally successful, not just in Europe, but worldwide – his last work before his death in 1989, Roberto Zucco, having been performed in seventeen countries. Despite an early production of Twilight Zone by Pierre Audi at the Almeida Theatre in 1981, English appreciation has been tardy, but now this situation is set to change, with the Royal Court Theatre commissioning Martin Crimp to make a translation of Roberto Zucco, to be directed by James Macdonald, and Methuen bringing out a volume of Koltès's plays. These present a unique fusion of the French classical tradition combined with Shakespeare (he translated The Winter's Tale into French) and modern influences such as Genet and Fugard (he also translated The Blood Knot). After his death, Giles Croft wrote of Koltès: ‘He considered himself an outsider, rootless, and this perception of himself is reflected in his characters, whose tragedy is their inability to connect with one another, often despite their ability to articulate their despair. He created dark, mythic, polyglot worlds where people are dwarfed by or divorced from their surroundings: hotel rooms, construction sites, quaysides.’ Koltès's career was closely linked with that of Patrice Chéreau, who produced all his major plays, and who performed in his own production of In The Solitude of the Cotton Fields at last year's Edinburgh Festival. Here, David Bradby, Professor of Drama at Royal Holloway, University of London, contributes his own assessments of both men's life and work, to complement full chronological and bibliographical details of Koltès's career.

AbstractPublication by subscription is a sales technique developed in England in the seventeenth century. It was probably not introduced to the German-speaking countries until after 1725. The first hitherto known instances in the Netherlands date from after 1680. The article describes the publication of two linguistic works by Sephardic Jews which are the earliest known examples of works published by subscription in Holland and Germany. The first of the works concerned is the Hebrew Mikhlal Yophi, a commentary on the Bible of which an edition prepared by Jacob Abendana appeared in Amsterdam in 1662. An exchange of letters between Abendana and Antonius Hulsius is indicative of the former's attempts at recruiting subscribers. Abendana's efforts concentrated on Leiden, where in about 1660 he, his brother Isaac and the rabbi David Cohen de Lara, formerly of Hamburg, were living as private Hebrew tutors and booksellers. Abendana used an approbation of his book by the Leiden professors Cocceius, Heidanus and Uchtmannus to support his request for permission to dedicate his work to the States General. This was a more conventional way of acquiring funds from the state. At the same time the dedication, the approbation and a letter from the Basle Hebraist Johan Buxtorf jun. were intended to smooth the book's path to the Christian reading public. A case is also presented for the publication by subscription of David Cohen de Lara's Keter Kehunna (Hamburg 1668). Cohen de Lara's initiative goes back to the example set by Abendana, who, in turn, probably borrowed the idea from the London Polyglot. Finally some observations are presented concerning the conspicuous popularity of this method of publishing with Sephardic Jews interested in language. A comparison with the events surrounding the appearance of the Dutch translation of Athanasius Kircher's Mundus subterraneus, subscriptions for which were opened in 1678, makes it probable that Abendana's work was one of the first ever to be published by subscription.

I believe that no country ever stood so much in need of a code of laws as India; and I believe also that there never was a country in which the want might so easily be supplied. I said that there were many points of analogy between the state of that country after the fall of the Mogul power, and the state of Europe after the fall of the Roman empire. In one respect the analogy is very striking.As there were in Europe then, so there are in India now, several systems of law widely differing from each other, but coexisting and coequal. The indigenous population has its own laws. Each of the successive races of conquerors has brought with it its own peculiar jurisprudence: the Mussulman his Koran and the innumerable commentators on the Koran; the Englishman his Statute Book and his Term Reports. As there were established in Italy, at one and the same time, the Roman Law, the Lombard law, the Ripuarian law, the Bavarian law, and the Salic law, so we have now in our Eastern empire Hindoo law, Mahometan law, Parsee law, English law, perpetually mingling with each other and disturbing each other, varying with the person, varying with the place.–Thomas Babington MacaulayOn July 10 1833, in his lengthy and famous speech on the “Government of India” delivered to the House of Commons, Thomas Babington Macaulay offered a brief but fascinating spatial-temporal assessment of the exigencies confronting British legal reform in India. As his above-cited remarks suggest, Macaulay was well acquainted with the subcontinent's rich landscape of multiple legalities and was particularly attuned to the challenges this legal plurality posed to British rule. At the same time, his observations serve as an astute testament to law's travels. Macaulay's speech addressed a range of politically charged issues, including allegations of scandal and corruption surrounding the East India Company's administration. By the end, however, he turned from justifying and defending Company pursuits to persuading an attentive Parliament about the necessity and merits of legal codification. Given Macaulay's unwavering belief in the superiority of Britain (and Europe)—most clearly articulated in his developmentalist analogy between “Europe then” and “India now”—the most plausible itinerary of law's movements was a unidirectional one: law originated in metropolitan London and moved outward to India and elsewhere. However, in advancing his case for codification, Macaulay inadvertently exposed many other laws and their respective circuits of travel. India was difficult to govern precisely because it was a terrain of legal mobility; the residues of other people, places, and times produced a polyglot existence of “Hindoo law, Mahometan law, Parsee law, English law, perpetually mingling with each other and disturbing each other.” What India needed most, Macaulay urged, was a systematized, standardized, and codified rule of law that was to be introduced and imposed by the British: “A code is almost the only blessing, perhaps it is the only blessing, which absolute governments are better fitted to confer on a nation than popular governments.”

We report on the results of a series of large-scale computer-based preference tests (conducted at The Science Museum in London and online) that evaluated the widely-held belief that food should be plated in odd rather than even numbers of elements in order to maximize the visual appeal of a dish. Participants were presented with pairs of plates of food showing odd versus even number of seared scallops (3 vs. 4; 1–6 in Experiment 7), arranged in a line, as a polygon or randomly, on either a round or square white plate. No consistent evidence for a preference for odd or even numbers of food items was found, thus questioning the oft-made assertion that odd number of items on a plate looks better than an even number. The implications of these results are discussed.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kepemimpinan transformasional kepala SDN 5 Menteng Palangka Raya yang dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun mampu merubah image sekolah “kumuh” menjadi sekolah kondusif untuk proses belajar dan mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan pola interaktif data meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan derajat kepercayaan (credibility) melalui teknik triangulasi baik sumber maupun metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah transformasional yang fokus dalam berpikir dan bertindak untuk mewujudkan pencapaian visi dan tujuan sekolah yang direalisasikan melalui berbagai program sekolah yang kreatif dan inovatif mampu meningkatkan kualitas sekolah sekaligus meningkatkan citra baik sekolah di mata masyarakat. Abstract: This study aims to describe the transformational leadership of the principal of SDN 5 Menteng Palangka Raya who is able within 3 years to change the image of a "slum" school into a conducive school for teaching and learning. This study used a qualitative approach with case study design. The data collection technique was done by means of observation, interviews, and studi of document. Data analysis using interactive data patterns includes: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Checking the validity of the data obtained is done by using a degree of trust (credibility) through triangulation techniques both sources and methods. The results showed that transformational school principals who focus on thinking and acting to achieve the vision and goals of the school which are realized through various creative and innovative school programs are able to improve the quality of the school as well as improve the good image of the school in the eyes of the community. References: Abu, S, N. (2014). Pembinaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah dalam Pengelolaan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar. Bahana Manajemen Pendidikan, 2(1), 704-712. doi: https://doi.org/10.24036/bmp.v2i1.3816. Arcaro, J. (2007). Pendidikan Berbasis Mutu: Prinsip-Prinsip Perumusan dan Tata Langkah Penerapan. Terjemahan Yosai Triantara.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Balyer, A. (2012). Transformational Leadership Behavior of School Principals: A Qualitative Research Based on Teachers’ Perceptions’. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(3), 581-591. Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadershiop (2nd Eds). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Inc. Bustari, M. (2010, 30 April-2 Mei). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Organisasi. Makalah disajikan pada International Conference on Educational, Management, Administration and Leadership (ICEMAL 2011), Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Diterima dari https://eprints.uny.ac.id/76/1/5._KEPEMIMPINAN__TRANSFORMASIONAL__KEP ALA_SEKOLAH__DALAM_MENINGKATKAN_KINERJA_ORGANISASI.pdf. Danim, S., & Suparno. (2009). Manajemen dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolahan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Hartono, M. (2018). Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Indonesia pada Era Milenium. Diterima dari https://pgsd.binus.ac.id/2018/11/23/kepemimpinan-pendidikan-indonesia-pada-era- milenium/. Hidayati, R., Aunurrahman., & Radiana, U. (2016). Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Di SDN 67 Sungai Raya. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 5(5), 1-18. Komariah, A., & Triatna, C. (2006). Visionary Leadership; Menuju Sekolah Efektif. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Kuswaeri, I. (2016). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah. TARBAWI, 2(2), 1-13. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Analisis Data Kualitatif Buku Sumber Tentang Metode-Metode Baru. Jakarta: UI Press. Mulyasa, E. (2011). Menjadi Kepala Sekolah Professional. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. Nurdin. (2011). Manajemen Sekolah efektif dan Unggul. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 13(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.17509/jap.v13i1.6387. Octaviana, M., & Silalahi, D. K. (2016). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah. Polyglot, 12(1), 1-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/pji.v12i1.376. Rosita, R., Rahmat, M., & Hermawan W. (2016). Usaha Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Islam (Studi Kasus di MTS Al-Inayah Bandung). TARBAWY, 3(1), 75-89. Sadler, P. (1997). Leadership. London: Kogan Page Limited. Sunardi., Nugroho, P. J., & Setiawan. (2019). Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah. Equity in Education Journal, 1(1), 20-28. Tjiptono, F., & Diana, A. 2002. Total Quality Management. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. Tukiman., & Jabar, C. S. A. (2014). Implementasi Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkaatkan Mutu Sekolah di SD Kanisius Sengkan Kabupaten Sleman. Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 2(1), 121-134. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.21831/amp.v2i1.2414. Usman, H. (2008). Manajemen Teori, Praktik, dan Riset Pendidikan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Wahjosumidjo. (2011). Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah: Tinjauan Teori dan Permasalahannya. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Wiyono, G. (2010, 30 April-2 Mei). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah Berbasis Gender di SMP Kodya Yogyakarta. Makalah disajikan pada International Conference on Educational, Management, Administration and Leadership (ICEMAL 2011), Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Diterima dari http://digilib.mercubuana.ac.id/manager/t!@file_artikel_abstrak/Isi_Artikel_712229736 032.pdf. Yuningsih, E. (2015). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dan Iklim Sekolah Terhadap Sekolah Efektif Pada SD Negeri di Purwakarta. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 22(2), 81-92.

In the era of artificial intelligence and precision medicine, the use of quantitative imaging methodological approaches could improve the cancer patient’s therapeutic approaches. Specifically, our pilot study aims to explore whether CT texture features on both baseline and first post-treatment contrast-enhanced CT may act as a predictor of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic melanoma (MM) patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab. Ninety-four lesions from 32 patients treated with Nivolumab were analyzed. Manual segmentation was performed using a free-hand polygon approach by drawing a region of interest (ROI) around each target lesion (up to five lesions were selected per patient according to RECIST 1.1). Filtration-histogram-based texture analysis was employed using a commercially available research software called TexRAD (Feedback Medical Ltd, London, UK; https://fbkmed.com/texrad-landing-2/) Percentage changes in texture features were calculated to perform delta-radiomics analysis. Texture feature kurtosis at fine and medium filter scale predicted OS and PFS. A higher kurtosis is correlated with good prognosis; kurtosis values greater than 1.11 for SSF = 2 and 1.20 for SSF = 3 were indicators of higher OS (fine texture: 192 HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.32–0.96, p = 0.03; medium texture: HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.29–0.99, p = 0.04) and PFS (fine texture: HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.29–0.95, p = 0.03; medium texture: HR = 0.49, 209 95% CI = 0.25–0.96, p = 0.03). In delta-radiomics analysis, the entropy percentage variation correlated with OS and PFS. Increasing entropy indicates a worse outcome. An entropy variation greater than 5% was an indicator of bad prognosis. CT delta-texture analysis quantified as entropy predicted OS and PFS. Baseline CT texture quantified as kurtosis also predicted survival baseline. Further studies with larger cohorts are mandatory to confirm these promising exploratory results.

This chapter turns the book’s attention from individuals to institutions, specifically the congregation of the Moravian Church in London. The Moravians came to London from Germany and were an idiosyncratic, exorbitant nonconformist group who had considerable influence, even though it never sought to be at the centre. They remain relatively unknown in literary studies, despite their central role in the formation of Methodism and beyond. As the chapter’s discussion of previously unpublished materials from the extensive Moravian Archive in London reveals, the Moravians were a unique hub for Anglo-German thinking, language acquisition, and bilingual book-printing in eighteenth-century London. In particular, their investment in an aesthetic of the quotidian makes their direct links to Blake and Hamann (Blake’s mother was a Moravian, Hamann visited the London congregation) deeply relevant for the account of the period.

The seventeenth-century translation of the Book of Common Prayer was re-edited in 1733 by the Scot Alexander Gordon and in 1796 (with a few slight amendments) by the two Italians Antonio Montucci and Luigi Valetti. The most likely reason for the decision to republish this text was the idea of using this translation of the Book of Common Prayer as a “reading text” for mastering the Italian language. New editions were published in 1820 by the bookseller-publisher Giovanni Battista Rolandi—a political exile who had settled in London—and, starting in 1821, as part of the polyglot editions published by Samuel Bagster. These early nineteenth-century editions of the Book of Common Prayer seem to have chiefly focused on the commercial success of a text with a large target audience of the English bound for Italy on the Grand Tour.

Chapter 11 completes the story of the Latin dictionaries of sixteenth-century England, and adds that of the Greek dictionaries produced in the 1580s and 1590s, with particular attention to the publishing history of these dictionaries. It begins with the Greek–Latin Lexicon Graecolatinum of Edward Grant; the Latin–Greek–English edition of Guillaume Morel’s Verborum Latinorum commentarii produced by Abraham Fleming; two smaller dictionaries with revisions by Fleming; and John Higgins’s Latin–English version of Hadrianus Junius’ subject-ordered polyglot Nomenclator. Next come the first major dictionaries produced in close association with the universities, Thomas Thomas’s Latin–English Dictionarium (Cambridge) and John Rider’s English–Latin Bibliotheca scholastica (Oxford). These were resented by the London book trade, leading to what might be called the first of the dictionary wars of the English-speaking world. The chapter ends with the first Latin–Scots dictionary, by Andrew Duncan, and the eccentric little dictionaries of Simon Sturtevant.