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BRENNECKE, TOM. "Locating Loneliness in Urban Spaces A qualitative study of how public and semi-public spaces in Milan and Manchester shape the coping behaviour of young adults." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404419.
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In questa tesi, ho condotto una ricerca sull'esperienza della solitudine che provano i giovani adulti, focalizzandomi sulle strategie di coping sociali e spaziali quando si sentono soli. Lo studio ha avuto luogo a Milano e Manchester e ha avuto l'obiettivo di approfondire e sviluppare le strategie di coping, ovvero capire come i giovani adulti fanno uso delle loro risorse sociali e spaziali. Per raggiungere tale obiettivo, ho usato un approccio qualitativo, usando principalmente il metodo delle interviste narrative, concentrandomi sulla raccolta ed analisi delle descrizioni, percezioni e motivazioni dietro le strategie di coping. Ho indagato ulteriormente la natura multidisciplinare della solitudine e l'importanza di fare ricerca da diverse prospettive - non solo quella psicologica. Inoltre, le strategie di coping possono avere influenza nelle pratiche architettoniche, le politiche sociali e il lavoro delle organizzazioni sociali. Il mio auspicio quindi è anche quello di approfondire la conoscenza della solitudine e offrire nuove prospettive contemporanee che vadano oltre la descrizione di uno stato spiacevole di solitudine, ma che vadano ad indagare in modo più complesso la situazione sociale ed emotiva. Questa ricerca mostra la solitudine all'interno di un contesto sociologico in modo che non sia più vista come un deficit individuale, ma come un'esperienza sociale che è costantemente modellata e negoziata dall'esperienza individuale e il contesto socio-spaziale che lo circonda. Nel corso della ricerca, affronto e rifletto su diversi campi di conoscenza e argomenti: l'uso dello spazio pubblico e semi-pubblico, il trasporto urbano e le infrastrutture, il design architettonico e i materiali, la dicotomia urbano/rurale, la percezione psicologica e le considerazioni delle persone nella vita di tutti i giorni, il capitale sociale, l'attaccamento al luogo, il rafforzamento tecnologico e l'individualismo.<br>In this research, I investigated the experience of loneliness for young adults, concentrating on how these young adults cope socially and spatially when feeling lonely. This study is rooted in Milan and Manchester and has aimed to develop coping behaviours, that is, to understand how young adults make use of their social and spatial resources. To achieve this, I choose a qualitative approach, using mainly Narrative Interviews as a method and concentrating on collecting and analysing the descriptions, perceptions and motivations behind people’s coping strategies. I further shed light on the multidisciplinary nature of loneliness and the importance of researching it from various perspectives - not only psychologically. Further, the coping behaviours inform architectural practices, social policy and the work of social organisations. Additionally, I hope to enhance the knowledge of loneliness and offer new contemporary perspectives, away from describing an unpleasant state of being alone to a much more complex social and emotional experience. This research displays loneliness within a sociological context in that it can no longer be seen as an individual skills deficit but as a social experience that is constantly shaped and negotiated by the individual experiencing it and the socio-spatial environment around it. Along this research, I touch and reflect upon various knowledge fields and topics: usage of public and semi-public spaces, urban transport and infrastructure, architectural design and materials, urban versus rural, the psychological perceptions and considerations of people in their everyday life, social capital, place attachment, technological enhancement and individualism.
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Wright, Sarah Louise. "Loneliness in the Workplace." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1368.
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Loneliness in the workplace has received relatively little attention in the literature. The research surrounding loneliness tends to focus almost exclusively on personal characteristics as the primary determinant of the experience, and largely ignores the workplace as a potential trigger of loneliness. As such, personality tends to be overestimated as the reason for loneliness, whilst only modest emphasis is given to environmental factors, such as organisational environments. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore the notion of loneliness in the workplace, with a particular emphasis on examining the antecedents and outcomes of its development in work contexts. The first stage of the research included the development and empirical examination of a scale measuring work-related loneliness. A 16-item scale was constructed and tested for its reliability and factor structure on a sample of 514 employees from various organisations. Exploratory factor analysis indicated two factors best represent the data, namely Social Companionship and Emotional Deprivation at Work. For the main study, a theoretical model was constructed whereby various antecedents (personal characteristics, social support, job characteristics, and emotional climate) were hypothesised to influence the development of work-related loneliness, which in turn was thought to affect employee attitudes and wellbeing. Employees from various organisations were invited to participate in the online research via email, which generated 362 submissions from diverse occupational groups. Structural equation modelling techniques were used to assess the hypothesised model, which was evaluated against a number of fit criteria. The initial results provided limited support for the Loneliness at Work Model. Consequently, a number of adjustments were necessary to obtain sufficient fit. The modified model suggests that organisational climate (comprising climate of fear, community spirit at work, and organisational fit) serves to simultaneously predict the emotional deprivation factor of loneliness (made up of seven items) and employee attitude and wellbeing. The results indicate that environmental factors such as fear, lack of community spirit, and value congruence play a role in the experience of work-related loneliness and have an overall negative effect on employee withdrawal behaviours and job satisfaction. The findings from this study offer insight into possible areas for organisational intervention and future research.
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Tarasenko, Yu. "Philosophical analysis of loneliness." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2012. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/10279.
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Loneliness is one of the major philosophical problems of society. This feeling has
been and remains an object of study of philosophers, psychologists and psychiatrists,
sociologists, anthropologists, educators, representatives of other scientific disciplines.
The concept “loneliness” is actually a state of mind, which causes people to feel empty,
alone and unwanted. Loneliness is the perception of being alone and isolated
Theoretical understanding of this problem can be already found in ancient times.
The Book of Ecclesiastes tells us that people were sensitive to loneliness in those
distant ages and perceived it like a drama that led to a profound depletion of the
individual.
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Nickels, Zachary. "The Art of Loneliness." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1462549085.
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Varallo, Sharon M. "Communication, loneliness and intimacy /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943610784164.
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Brodeur, Estelle M. "Adolescent Pregnancy and Loneliness." VCU Scholars Compass, 1990. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4379.
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This descriptive study explored loneliness among pregnant adolescents in a southeastern metropolitan area. Numerous psychosocial variables of the special population of pregnant teens remain to be studied. One such variable is loneliness, a feeling often experienced by adolescents. The present study hypothesized that loneliness may occur during adolescent pregnancy. To date, one study exists (Diiorio & Riley, 1988) of loneliness and adolescent pregnancy.
The problem statement was: Does loneliness exist among pregnant adolescents? Three research questions were addressed:
Within this sample:
1. To what extent does loneliness exist?
2. Is loneliness more frequent during certain ages?
3. Do pregnant black and white adolescents differ in the extent to which they experience loneliness?
Participants between the ages of 14 and 18 receiving prenatal care in public health clinics and a university affiliated obstetric clinic were selected for the study. The final sample size was 78. The loneliness study was conducted as part of a larger longitudinal study, Nursing Role Supplementation for Adolescent Parents (NIH #1R01NR01939-01A1).
The dependent variable, loneliness, was measured by the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona, 1980), a 20-item Likert-type instrument. Possible scores on the tool ranged from 20 to 80, with 80 constituting the loneliest end of the continuum. The extent of loneliness was determined by the summation of numerical responses.
Data were analyzed by two methods: (a) analysis of variance (ANOVA), to determine any differences between age and loneliness score, and (b) the t-test for two independent samples, in order to examine differences in mean loneliness scores between blacks and whites in the sample.
Scores ranged from 25 to 58. "Low" to "moderate" loneliness existed among the sample; however, loneliness did not exist in greater amplitude than among nonpregnant adolescents in other studies reviewed. No significant relationship was found between age of participants and loneliness scores. Furthermore, differences in loneliness scores between blacks and whites were not statistically significant.
Finally, pregnancy may not intensify loneliness for adolescents. On the other hand, pregnancy did not diminish loneliness among pregnant adolescents in this sample.
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Barker, Megan. "Student loneliness : an exploratory investigation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285672.
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Rimanić, Luka. "Arithmetic progressions, corners and loneliness." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761230.
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Borgman, Graham A. "Loneliness and the Hermitic Psyche." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10260496.
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<p> This thesis examines the topic of the psychological function of loneliness. An alchemical hermeneutic research methodology is utilized to compare established theories on the topic to the researcher’s experience. From a contemporary cognitive behavioral perspective, the distress of loneliness has no psychological function. Insecure attachment patterns, schizoid personality structures, introverted personality typologies, subjectivity, and projection appear to influence susceptibility to intense or prolonged loneliness. Analytical psychology describes isolation as a necessary condition of the individuation process, and archetypal psychology identifies loneliness as an immanent psychological phenomenon. This thesis explores the depth psychological observation that the modern, rational psyche’s alienation from its irrational, autonomous animating images contributes to experiences of loneliness. Loneliness as a functional symptom of the ego’s unconscious need to form symbolic relationships to collective and archetypal psychological dynamics is considered. The standard clinical treatment for loneliness of socialization is critically examined.</p>
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McCormack, Cynthia Ann. "LONELINESS IN THE INSTITUTIONALIZED AGED." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275240.
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DiTommaso, Enrico. "Assessing an attachment model of loneliness, the relationship between attachment style, chronic loneliness and coping." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23860.pdf.
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Skaff, Misty Lynne. "Predicting longitudinal loneliness in older adults." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Viragh, George. "Elder loneliness, social support and depression." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67471.
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A rapidly growing senior population is facing loneliness, desolation andisolation in our ageist society. Age-linked detachment and a number of socialinteractors are closely related to general health, physical condition anddepression.Using standardized instruments, the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russellet al., 1980), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimetet al., 1988), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (Brink et al., 1982), this nonexperimental-study investigated the level of perceived loneliness, socialsupport and the causative relationship of these factors to the presence ofdepression among 50 independent, relatively healthy elders in a Montrealsenior centre.Findings suggest that loneliness is a major predictor of elderdepression. Lack of perceived social support could contribute to sensedloneliness and that depression may be present in healthy, independentelderly.Intergenerational workshops for seniors are suggested to improve lifesatisfaction through social interaction. Further goals are to modify myths,stereotypes and contradictory attitudes inherent to the cohort.<br>fr
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Hoag, Jennifer M. "Adolescent loneliness and moral decision-making." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1244865.
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The high school to college transition may be especially influential in creating feelings of social loneliness in adolescents. Failure to establish social structures may lead to feelings of loneliness and an increased need for social approval from their peers in the new environment. It was therefore predicted that the more lonely a student is, the more likely he/she would look for approval from others and the more likely he/she would acquiesce to a decision to participate in unethical actions proposed by peers. This prediction was tested in a sample of 158 female and 133 male college students. The evidence suggests that participants who were the most lonely were most likely to report a willingness to engage in unethical behaviors when encouraged by others. However, contrary to expectations, the need for approval did not mediate the relationship between loneliness and unethical behavior. Gender differences were found in the endorsement of unethical behaviors. Male participants were more likely to report a willingness to engage in unethical acts than were female participants.<br>Department of Psychological Science
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BREWER, MARY MORLAND VINES. "LONELINESS IN WIDOWHOOD: AN EXPLORATORY SURVEY." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183907.
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This study utilized a questionnaire (n = 161) containing 50 closed-ended and two open-ended questions drawn from an Individual Psychology theoretical base and designed as an exploratory investigation of loneliness in widowhood. Participants were women over the age of 55 who had been widowed more than three years. Loneliness profiles were different when measured using the UCLA short form loneliness scale than when measured using a one-item loneliness self-report question as dependent variables. Results were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlations, multiple regression, and repeated measures analysis of variance with a .05 significance level considered important. Collectively, the results of this study show the descriptive profile of loneliness in widowhood to have the following pattern. Widows who were lonely were significantly more likely to be youngest born children. Loneliness was significantly related to: depression, fear, anger expression, poor health, low social involvement, low general contact, and high neighbor disclosure. Loneliness was inversely related to happiness, neighbor contact, and child contact and disclosure. The widows were significantly more happy as: "married" women, "children," and "widows." Disclosure was directional, with widows being significantly less willing to disclose: older, younger, and same age. Disclosure was group specific, being significantly more likely to occur to: children, siblings, parents, and neighbors. Using the loneliness self-report measure, loneliness was significantly related to receiving income from work and to having a living parent. Using the UCLA measure, loneliness was unrelated to any of the following independent measures: number of children in family of origin or procreation; educational level or type; income level; income source; length of marriage or widowhood; age; length of time in the same general or specific area; and number of people living with the widow. However, liking choice of living conditions was significantly related to loneliness. When selected independent variables were entered into a multiple regression equation using the UCLA measure as a dependent variable, loss of control and reduced social involvement were significant predictors of loneliness in widowhood. Hypotheses made on the basis of Individual Psychology theory were generally supported, suggesting the appropriateness of this model in future research.
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Garber, Michelle Marie. "Loneliness: A study in cognitive discrepancy." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/455.
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Harward, Kathy Nancy. "Adolescent loneliness and dimensions of self concept." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28232.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of loneliness and identify factors that were correlated with the degree of loneliness that an adolescent experiences. Areas investigated were the extent of loneliness prevalent in the sample, and the relationships between loneliness and facets of self concept, friendship and background information.
This survey study involved 166 adolescents. Subjects were grade 10 students attending secondary schools in Surrey School District, Surrey, British Columbia. The survey was conducted in class units during regularly scheduled school hours.
The instruments employed in this study were the Revised U.C.L.A. Loneliness Scale measuring the degree of loneliness experienced; a modified version of the Self Description Questionaire III measuring 12 facets of self concept; a sociogram questionnaire examining friendships in the surveyed class; and a subject information sheet gathering data on age, gender, language, number of parents, and parents' occupational prestige. The analysis of data included descriptive statistics of each variable, and inferential statistics of independent variables to the dependent variable loneliness. Following this was a factor analysis of the preliminary self concept variables resulting in four factor socres. Finally four regression models of the loneliness scores were run. Each model was loaded with different combinations of predictor variables of self concept and background information.
There were five key findings of this study. One, seventeen percent of the sample reported feeling "sometimes" to "often" lonely. Two, negative social self concept was a significant predictor of loneliness, while academic self concept was not. Three, male and female subjects scored virtually the same on loneliness, however when self concept scores were controlled, males were lonelier than females given a similar family structure. Four, subjects living in single parent households were significantly lonelier than their peers living in two parent households. Five, though not statistically significant, there was a strong trend for subjects for whom English was a second language to report substantially greater loneliness than their peers for whom English was a first language.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate
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Hu, Mu. "Social use of the internet and loneliness." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186168233.
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Flora, J. K. "Relatedness, loneliness and longing in Qeqertaq, Greenland." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599087.
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This is an ethnographic study of the concept of suicide in Qeqertaq, a small settlement in northwest Greenland. Research into suicide is often driven by a quest for identifying causalities. However, this study suggests it is by taking a broader view that a very different and local causality of suicide emerges. This thesis suggests that suicide may be understood as an extreme way of recreating relatedness. Part I: Relatedness: Having been bestowed the names of recently deceased relatives upon birth each person in Qeqertaq is a ‘returned person’. Names are vehicles for relatedness and personhood, which achieve their full potential, through repeated acts and processes of re-invoking relatedness. Uttering names and kinship terminologies in particular ways, sharing and eating particular foods and visiting particular places in the landscape are ways of re-invoking relatedness. This continuum, I suggest, feeds into a particular form of morality of circumventing feelings of longing, homesickness, bereavement and loneliness. Part II: Loneliness: Although people without relatives are virtually non-existent, they recognise loneliness as a predicament that can defeat anyone if relatedness is not re-invoked. Local concepts and feelings of longing and homesickness are instrumental in maintaining both relatedness as well as the aversion to loneliness and thus bring relatedness and loneliness together in such a way that the re-invocation of one becomes a vehicle for the continued re-invocation of the other. Both relatedness and loneliness are tied up with expectations and disappointments in relatedness and I argue that their interplay is part of a broader social pattern of ‘turning towards’ and ‘turning away’ of which the disappointed characters of the suicide and the dangerous ghost-like figure of <i>qivittoq</i> are parts. By comparing suicide and <i>qivittoq</i> as two extraordinary characters that ‘turn away’ and cross a threshold into loneliness, I suggest that their differences rest on the degree of irreversibility in which they ‘turn away’.
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Pradhan, Gangalal. "Social Integration and its Correlation with Loneliness." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1470270402.
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Drost, Madeleine A. "Financial Stress and Loneliness in Older Adults." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587579991203744.
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Grossman, Mina Postlethwait. "Loneliness among widowed persons in later life." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54530.
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This study was an investigation of loneliness among widowed elders using a model conceptually based on symbolic interaction theory. Symbolic interaction theorists contend that people are active, self-directing, and creative individuals who adjust to dramatic situational changes such as widowhood by defining the transition according to its symbolic meaning and their current perspective of the event. The loneliness model suggested that certain background characteristics, personality resources (morale and mastery), and perceived levels of social support would influence the sample’s perspective and definition of the social reality of widowhood, and thereby, serve to facilitate or impede the development of feelings of loneliness. In contrast to most studies of loneliness among widowed elders, this study included males (n=38) as well as females (n=135) and both short-term (6-24 months) and long-term (25-60 months) widowed persons. Participants were healthy, educated, unmarried community residents aged 69 to 91 years. In general, the sample was well adjusted with high levels of social support, morale and mastery, and low levels of loneliness. Data analyses included bivariate correlations, tests, and multiple regression. The regression analysis revealed that morale and the social provision of emotional attachment and morale were the strongest predictors of loneliness in the regression model (R²=.39). The results of the study partially supported the proposed model of loneliness. The findings also served to further substantiate Weiss's theory of relational provisions and the importance of various social provisions, especially attachment, in countering feelings of loneliness during widowhood in later life.<br>Ph. D.
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Stoehr, Michele. "Loneliness and Emotion Recognition| A Dynamical Description." Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10610509.
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<p> Loneliness – the feeling that manifests when one perceives one’s social needs are not being met by the quantity or especially the quality of one’s social relationships – is a common but typically short-lived and fairly harmless experience. However, recent research continues to uncover a variety of alarming health effects associated with longterm loneliness. The present study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying how persons scoring high in trait loneliness perceive their social environments. Evaluations of transient facial expression morphs are analyzed in R using dynamical systems methods. We hypothesize that, consistent with Cacioppo and Hawkley’s socio-cognitive model, subjects scoring high in loneliness will exhibit <i>hypervigilance</i> in their evaluations of cold and neutral emotions and <i>hypovigilance</i> in their evaluations of warm emotions. Results partially support the socio-cognitive model but point to a relationship between loneliness and a global dampening in evaluations of emotions.</p>
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Kulper, Joan. "Counseling single women who struggle with loneliness." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p091-0063.
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Brown, Naoko Nakano. "Lived Experience of Loneliness| A Narrative Inquiry." Thesis, Saybrook University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10842478.
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<p> Loneliness is a human experience that often influences the individual’s mood, perception, self-concept, relationship, and physical heath. The existing body of research on loneliness often associates loneliness with a mental illness (e.g., anxiety or depression) and/or a cognitive deficit. Moreover, although, researchers have identified different types of loneliness, there is limited research on the experience of profound loneliness while in the company of another person with whom one is in a close relationship. Therefore, this study was framed to contribute information in the field by exploring the meaning of this particular type of loneliness as a lived experience. The question this research sought to answer through narrative inquiry was: “What is the meaning of participants’ experience of loneliness while in the company of another person with whom they were in a close relationship?” </p><p> The current study examined oral narratives of adult participants. Five participants were recruited and interviewed. The transcribed data was analyzed following Gee’s (1991) structural analysis of oral narrative. Through analysis of the narrative data this study aimed to gain an understanding of subjective, psychological meanings of this particular loneliness experience. </p><p> The results of the analysis showed that participants, in relationship with another, characterized as close but not experienced as intimate, was retrospectively experienced as loneliness and was lived with a sense of profound hopelessness in a multidimensional manner, which implied the participant’s desired ideals for intimate relationship. </p><p> Many factors appear to influence the loneliness experience while in the company of a close other for adults, including the individual’s desire to avoid experiencing pain and loss. The findings indicate that increasing the individual’s awareness of their multidimensional experience through non-pathologizing reflection in a clinical context could allow him or her to reach a deeper understanding of the experience.</p><p>
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Griffin, Sarah C. "LONELINESS AND SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN OLDER AMERICANS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5965.
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Loneliness is a risk factor for premature mortality but the mechanics of this relationship remain obscure. A potential mechanism is sleep disturbance. The present study aimed to examine the association between loneliness and sleep disturbance, evaluate loneliness as a risk factor for sleep disturbance and vice-versa, model effects between loneliness and sleep disturbance over time, and evaluate a mediation model of loneliness, sleep disturbance, and health. Data came from the 2006-2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally-representative study of older Americans; participants > 65 were included (n=11,400). Analyses included (i) linear regressions accounting for complex sampling and (ii) path analysis (cross-lagged panel and mediation models). Loneliness and sleep disturbance were correlated and were risk factors for one another. Cross-lagged panel models showed reciprocal effects between loneliness and sleep disturbance. Cross-lagged mediation models showed that loneliness predicted subsequent sleep disturbance, which in turn predicted poor self-reported health. Moreover, there was evidence of a direct and indirect effect of loneliness on sleep disturbance. All associations were weakened— but remained—when accounting for demographics, isolation, and depression. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the theory that sleep disturbance is a mechanism through which loneliness damages health. However, effects between loneliness and sleep are reciprocal, rather than unidirectional. Moreover, longitudinal effects were very small. Further research is necessary to speak to causality, assess daily associations between loneliness and sleep, assess a comprehensive model of the mechanics of loneliness and health, and examine loneliness and sleep in the context of other factors.
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Besse, Robin Deshawn. "Loneliness among college students: examining potential coping strategies and the influence of targeted messages on the likelihood of befriending." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32862.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Psychological Sciences<br>Laura A. Brannon<br>While many different facets of loneliness have been explored, research examining the efficacy of interventions to reduce it has often been overlooked, particularly among college students. Such research is important, as individuals under 25 years of age experience some of the highest rates of loneliness (Victor & Yang, 2012). Furthermore, while the majority of interventions have targeted the lonely individual, few have examined loneliness from the perspective of those around the lonely person. As a result, the objective of the current dissertation was to not only examine the effectiveness of potential interventions in reducing loneliness among college students, but see what types of targeted messages may be successful in increasing helping behavior towards lonely individuals.
In Study 1, participants read one of four different types of messages, including mindfulness, changing maladaptive social cognitions, coping behaviors, and control. Although there were no considerable differences in loneliness levels at Time 2 (likely due to participants not being especially lonely), a significant number of individuals reported favoring the mindfulness technique.
In Study 2, five different types of targeted messages were utilized, based on Latané and Darley’s (1970) bystander intervention model. These included the "notice" condition, which focused on increasing awareness of lonely others; the "assume responsibility" condition, where responsibility towards helping lonely others was emphasized (as well as awareness); and the "decide (to help)" condition, which offered specific steps to reach out to lonely individuals (in addition to awareness and responsibility); two control conditions were also employed. Results showed that participants in the "decide" condition were significantly more likely to report feeling prepared and inclined to help in the future. In addition, those in the "assume responsibility" and "decide" conditions also reported significantly increased levels of awareness of lonely individuals at the Time 2 follow-up.
Together, such results indicate that mindfulness is a technique worth investigating further with regard to reducing loneliness among college students. Furthermore, in order to increase helping behavior, Study 2 suggests that targeting an individual’s specific stage of change may not be necessary; rather, presenting individuals with all relevant information, perhaps at multiple time points, may be particular efficacious.
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Marsh, Russell. "It will be the good life then stories /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/marsh.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.<br>Additional advisors: Daniel Anderson, Alison Chapman, Christopher Metress. Description based on contents viewed June 5, 2009; title from PDF t.p.
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Theeke, Laurie Ann. "Sociodemographic and health-related risks for loneliness and outcome differences by loneliness status in a sample of older U.S. adults." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5400.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 135 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-130).
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Chang, Edward C., Xiang Lian, Tina Yu, et al. "Loneliness Under Assault: Understanding the Impact of Sexual Assault on the Relation Between Loneliness and Suicidal Risk in College Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/689.
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The present study sought to examine for how loneliness and sexual assault are involved in predicting suicidal risk (viz., hopelessness & suicide probability) in a sample of 334 college students. Specifically, we were interested in examining whether sexual assault may play an additive as well as interactive role in the prediction of suicidal risk above and beyond loneliness. Results from regression analyses indicated that both loneliness and sexual assault were important and unique predictors of suicidal risk in students. Moreover, consistent with expectations, we found support for a Loneliness × Sexual Assault interaction in predicting both hopelessness and suicide probability. Inspection of the interactions indicated that the highest levels of suicidal risk were present for lonely students who had experienced some form of sexual assault. Some important implications of the present findings are discussed.
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Řehák, Vilém. "Kazimoto and Meursault: `Brothers´in despair and loneliness." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-97684.
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Makala haya yanashughulikia maswahli ya udhanaishi katika fasihi ya Kiswahili. Makala yanalinganisha riwaya mbili, Mgeni ya mwandishi wa Kifaransa anayeitwa Albert Camus na Kichwamachi ya mwandishi wa Kiwahili, Euphrase Kezilahabi, na kuonyesha jinsi riwaya hizo zinayofanana na zinavyotofautiana. Kwa vile Kichwamaji inafanana na Mgeni, ni sahihi humwita Kezilahabi mwandishi ya udhanaishi, lakini kuna tofauti nyingi pia baina ya riwaya hizo mbili. Tofauti moja ni kwamba Albert Camus anamtazama mtu peke yake na hali yake iliyotengwa kabisa na watu wengine, na Kezilahabi, licha ya mtu peke yake, anaizingatia jamii nzima na hali yake vilevile. Tofauti hii ni tokeo la sifa za communalism katika mawazo Kiafrika ya kimapokeo yanayotilia mkazo jamaa na jami, siyo mtu peke yake<br>This article analyses and compares the the two writings Kichwamaji by Euphrase Kezilahabi and L´etranger by Albert Camus. Written in the tradition of existentialism, the two writings have many similarities but also differ in some important aspects. While Camus sees the individual just by itself, Kezilahabi also includes the whole family and is writing with it in the tradition of the african communalism
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Gruman, Jamie A. "The behavioral confirmation of loneliness in dyadic conversations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ33385.pdf.
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Chang, Selena. "Loneliness and mattering : investigating distinctions among university students." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42097.
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Perceived mattering, or the psychological tendency to evaluate the self as significant to others, and loneliness are two constructs that have received increasing attention in the past several decades. However, there is a dearth of literature on the relationship between mattering and
loneliness. The purpose of this study was to empirically test the relationship between the two constructs, as well as to determine whether perceived mattering has a compensatory or additive effect in accounting for variance in loneliness. The secondary aim of this study was to test for any moderating effects of gender on the relationships between loneliness and mattering to various referents. The data were gathered from a convenience sample of university students (N = 99; 77% female, n = 76; 23% male, n = 23). Stepwise regressions, with loneliness as the dependent variable and perceived mattering to various referents as the independent variables, were conducted. Interaction terms were created and entered into regressions to test for compensatory and moderating effects. The results revealed that perceived mattering and loneliness were not inversely related although they were significantly negatively associated. Mattering to various referents (mothers, fathers, friends, and romantic partners) had an additive effect in accounting for variance in loneliness. Lastly, gender moderated the negative relationship between mattering and loneliness when the referents were mothers and fathers. Implications for future research and social work practice are discussed.
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易詠兒 and Wing-yee Winnie Yick. "Impact of internet on loneliness of secondary students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256557.
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O'Brien, Casey (Casey M. ). "Solving ANTS with loneliness detection and constant memory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106119.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (page 105).<br>In 2012, Feinerman et al. introduced the Ants Nearby Treasure Search (ANTS) problem [1]. In this problem, k non-communicating agents with unlimited memory, initially located at the origin, try to locate a treasure distance D from the origin. They show that if the agents know k, then the treasure can be located in the optimal O(D+ D²/k) steps. Furthermore, they show that without knowledge of k, the agents need [omega]((D + D²/k) - log¹+[epsilon] k) steps for some [epsilon] > 0 to locate the treasure. In 2014, Emek et al. studied a variant of the problem in which the agents use only constant memory but are allowed a small amount of communication [2]. Specifically, they allow an agent to read the state of any agent sharing its cell. In this paper, we study a variant of the problem similar to that in [2], but where the agents have even more limited communication. Specifically, the only communication is loneliness detection, in which an agent in able to sense whether it is the only agent located in its current cell. To solve this problem we present an algorithm HYBRID-SEARCH, which locates the treasure in O(D - log k + D² /k) steps in expectation. While this is slightly slower than the straightforward lower bound of [omega](D + D² /k), it is faster than the lower bound for agents locating the treasure without communication.<br>by Casey O'Brien.<br>M. Eng.
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Danezi, Irene. "Richard Jefferies as a social critic : modern loneliness." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683338.
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Bangee, Munirah. "Loneliness and hypervigilance to social threats in adults." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16629/.
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A current theoretical model (Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2009) proposes that lonely people are hypervigilant (i.e. on high alert) to social threats in the social environment. This leads to attention, memory, and confirmatory biases, which undermine the opportunity to develop positive social relationships. This thesis outlines a series of six studies that systematically examine the hypervigilance to social threat hypothesis in loneliness using adult samples. The studies described in this thesis make an original contribution to the loneliness literature and uses different experimental paradigms to examine whether lonely adults are hypervigilant to social threats that are visually presented. Studies 1 and 5 bridge the gap in the current knowledge to examine the visual attention processing of lonely adults to social threat depicted as social rejection stimuli using eye-tracker methodology. Study 2 investigates whether loneliness is associated to eye-gaze and emotion processing utilising a cognitive paradigm. Studies 3 and 4 extend the literature on visual attention processing of lonely adults to investigate the processing of emotional information depicted as facial expressions using eye-tracker methodology. Specifically, study 3 uses a paradigm of four different emotional expressions (i.e. anger, afraid, happy and neutral), and study 4 utilises a face in a crowd paradigm for which different ratios of happy to angry faces were presented. Study 6 extends the work on hypervigilance to social threats depicted as social rejection stimuli to examine how these stimuli are processed by lonely adults in the brain using EEG methodology. Findings from study 1 and 5 suggest that lonely adults show visual attentional biases to social threat stimuli linked to social rejection. Specifically, study 1 findings indicate that lonely adults show a hypervigilance-avoidance pattern of processing towards social rejection stimuli, whilst study 5 findings indicate that lonely adults show disengagement difficulties when processing social rejection stimuli. Study 2 indicates that loneliness is not associated to eye-gaze and emotion processing. Study 3 and 4 provide support that lonely adults are more attentive to angry facial expressions presented as static images. Findings from study 6 indicate that lonely adults detect and process social threats quickly compared to non-social threats in the brain. As outlined in Cacioppo and Hawkley’s theoretical model, the findings of this thesis support the idea that loneliness is related to initial cognitive processes. Specifically, lonely adults are hypervigilant to social threats depicted as angry facial expressions and social rejection stimuli. Thus, the thesis examines an important process within the model. The findings of the thesis can be used to inform ideas for future academic and intervention work in the loneliness field.
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Meade, Julie E. "Problematic Internet Use: Relationship with Stress and Loneliness." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier151134602315772.
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Ouellette, David M. "The Social Network and Attachment Bases of Loneliness." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/949.
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This thesis tests Robert S. Weiss's 1973 theory of loneliness, which claims two types of loneliness: emotional and social. Emotional loneliness is the affective reaction to the absence of a close attachment bond. Social loneliness stems from inadequate integration into a social network. Undergraduate residents of a university dormitory completed questionnaires on loneliness, attachment, personality, and relationships with other dorm residents. Patterns of relational ties among participants were evaluated using social network analysis, specifically density, tie strength, and four forms of centrality. Results reveal that, while controlling for neuroticism, the network measure of outdegree and the two attachment dimensions accounted for more than half the variance in loneliness, R = .73. None of the three predictors intercorrelated significantly. A portion of loneliness is derived from one's internal attachment security and a separate portion is derived from the external features of one's social network integration.
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Pinson, Melissa Ward. "Effect of Loneliness on Older Adults' Death Anxiety." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30501/.
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Previous research, as well as theory, has supported the existence of a relationship between death anxiety and loneliness in older adults but a causal examination has not been possible until now. A hypothesized model was developed which states that loneliness will lead to death anxiety mediated by cultural worldview. Longitudinal data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling in order to more fully explore this potentially causal relationship. The primary model was supported suggesting that loneliness can lead to death anxiety as mediated by cultural worldview. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Yick, Wing-yee Winnie. "Impact of internet on loneliness of secondary students /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25474741.
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Garrett, Mario Dominic. "Loneliness : an analysis of beliefs, experience and communication." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384616.
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Rubio, Armida. "Adolescent Identity and Loneliness: The Role of Attachment." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625931.
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Copeland, John. "Loneliness and Student Health: Replication and Exploratory Analysis." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/767.
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Loneliness occurs in the absence of belonging or social connectedness and has been linked to many physical and mental health problems. Among these conditions are depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and stress. College students report these four conditions as the largest barriers to good academic performance. For as much is known about loneliness, much less is known about belonging and health or the role loneliness plays in these relationships prompting a need for investigation. Using a sample of 301 university students, we replicated previous findings that loneliness predicts depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and stress. Next we replicated and contributed new findings for the relationship between social connectedness and the same health outcomes of interest. Previous research has found gender to be a moderator in the relationship between loneliness and social connectedness. The current study found no evidence of moderation. Based upon the available literature, it was hypothesized that loneliness would mediate the relationship between social connectedness and the health outcomes of interest. Using conditional process modeling, loneliness was found to be a mediator in every case. These findings validate previous findings on the effects of loneliness on health. They also highlight the significance of social connectedness as a factor in health. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of social connectedness as focal point for treatment of mental and physical health conditions.
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Peterson, Curtis N. "How Social Identity Influences Social and Emotional Loneliness." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5772.
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Social identity theory (SIT) is a robust theory that explains in-group versus out-group behaviors. Two qualities of one's social identity include emotional connection and social connection with others, which someone who is experiencing loneliness tends to lack in their current situation. This dissertation explored whether when one's social identity becomes salient it results in a lower evaluation of one's current state of loneliness. An experiment was conducted in which college student participants, who were 18 years of age or older and currently enrolled in college courses, were randomly assigned to a social identity saliency group (college student) or 1 of 3 control conditions (personal identity group, cognitive control condition, and no prime condition). The sample consisted of 207 participants of which 189 were analyzed for social loneliness and 190 were analyzed for emotional loneliness, after excluding participants who did not meet scoring criteria. To analyze the data a planned contrast procedure was conducted in which the social identity group's mean was compared to the combined means of the 3 control conditions. Results indicated that when social identity is made salient, participants report a lower level of emotional and social loneliness when compared to the other 3 conditions. Loneliness, which is being considered a major public health crisis, is becoming more common in modern society, making finding mechanisms to reduce loneliness important. This research supports the notion that social identification can reduce one's evaluation of loneliness. As an example, from the findings in this research, to reduce loneliness among college students, college programs should focus on the positive attributions of being a college student.
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Kakoullis, Revekka Charalambos. "Loneliness and coping an exploratory study examining gender and sexuality /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64964.pdf.
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Gonzalez, Mariezcurrena Oscar, and Erica Öster. "Den ofrivilliga ensamheten i Sverige : En kvantitativ studie under coronapandemin." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100029.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka ofrivillig ensamhet i den svenska befolkningen utifrån faktorer som tidigare har visat sig associerade med oönskad ensamhet, nämligen ålder, inkomst, civilstånd, kön, antal hushållsmedlemmar och även storleken på orten där personen bor. Upplevelsen av ensamhet före och under coronapandemin har också studerats. Totalt har 196 personer svarat på ett frågeformulär som mäter de tidigare nämnda faktorerna och ensamhet enligt UCLA-ensamhetsindex. Resultaten visar att ensamheten är störst bland den yngre populationen och bland dem med lägst inkomst. Resultaten påvisade även att storstadsbor upplever sig mindre ensamma än de som bor i mindre orter. Studien kunde inte visa att coronapandemin haft någon inverkan på ensamhetsupplevelsen. Det fanns ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad i ensamhet utifrån kön, civilstånd eller antal medlemmar i hushållet. Slutsatsen som kan dras från studien är att inkomst, ålder och storleken på orten där individen bor har betydelse för ofrivillig ensamhet.<br>The purpose of the present study was to examine the involuntary loneliness in the Swedish population considering factors that previously have been shown to be associated, i.e. age, income, civil status, gender, number of household members and size of the locality where the individual lives. Even the experienced level of loneliness before and during the coronavirus pandemics has been studied. A total of 196 individuals have responded to a questionnaire aimed to measure the previously named factors as well as the loneliness index according to the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results show that involuntary loneliness is more widespread among younger individuals and among those with lowest incomes. The results also show that people living in Sweden's largest localities feel less lonely than those living in smaller localities. The current study could not conclude that the coronavirus pandemic has had any effect on loneliness. No statistically significant differences in loneliness have been found when it comes to gender, civil status or number of members in the household. Overall, it can be concluded that income, age and the size of the locality where the individual lives are significant in the experience of involuntary loneliness.
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Gates, Francine. "The relationships between loneliness, adolescent sexual standards, and adolescent nonmarital coitus /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1985. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8510385.
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Qualter, Pamela. "The experience of loneliness in 4-9 year olds." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1998. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19727/.
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Much of the childhood loneliness research is misleading because it confounds objective and subjective measures of loneliness. Overall objectives in this research were to test the relatedness of social and emotional loneliness. 846 (432 females and 432 males) four to nine year olds were recruited for the study into the experience of loneliness in childhood. Using cluster analytic procedures, three groups were identified. the variables used in the clustering procedure included disliked and liked scores from a sociometric interview, peer loneliness scores from a loneliness interview (an adaptation of Marcoen and Brumagne's (1985) loneliness questionnaire), and teacher reports of internalising and externalising behaviour (Classroom Adjustment Rating Scale). Two groups were identified in which social and emotional loneliness were unrelated, and another group was composed of rejected children who were lonely. These three groups had very different profiles in terms of relational attributions, observed and peer related social behaviour and self-perceptions (The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children and Adolescents (Harter and Pike, 1985); the global self-worth subscale of the Self Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985a); and the Social Support Scale/People in My Life Questionnaire (Harter, 1985b)). I found that loneliness in childhood was very different from being rejected by peers, and it was related to low self-perceptions and inaccurate perceptions of one's relationships with peers. Thus, childhood loneliness can not be equated with having no friends. Instead, childhood loneliness should be viewed as being about feelings, and these can not be measured via objective measures such as number of friends one has. The thesis highlights the fact that there are different ways in which children cope with and understand their loneliness. Lonely children also differ from non-lonely children by understanding emotional terms/words to a greater extent. this is not a function of higher verbal and linguistic skill, and the findings suggest that an ability to understand and label feelings relates to high levels of loneliness at school. Lonely children also demonstrate a non-self serving attributional style; they tend to blame themselves for negative relational events, and they fail to credit themselves for successful relational experiences. Observations and peer reports indicate that lonely children are less sociable, more solitary, and they initiate more interaction than non-lonely children. However, observations revealed that the overtures for social contact that the lonely children make are often rejected or ignored. Lonely children tend to play with one another, and there is a discrepancy between what children report (via sociometry) and what is observed on the playground. Lonely children are not likely to nominate other lonely children as friends during the sociometric interview, although the observations indicate that they are play partners. The main argument rests on the finding that rejected and lonely children are diffecent. The fact that they differ from one another in terms of their subjective, cognitive and behavioural features has direct implications for the development of intervention programs. A program of practical help and insight for those working with lonely children is offered.
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Scott, Linda Mary. "Widowhood, the relationship between social support, health and loneliness." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0012/MQ40833.pdf.
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