Relevant bibliographies by topics / Long An (Vietnam : Province)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Long An (Vietnam : Province)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Long An (Vietnam : Province)"

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Hicks, Natalie. "Organisational Adventures in District Government in Long An Province: Central Regulation Versus Local Initiative." European Journal of East Asian Studies 3, no. 2 (2004): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570061042780874.

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AbstractThis article explores the role of district government in agricultural development in Vietnam's Long An province from 1954 to the present. It argues that it is only in the reform era that the district has begun to realise its potential as a 'transmission belt' between the higher authorities and the grassroots. Under the South Vietnamese regime and in the pre-reform era of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, local initiative was stifled as policy was dictated from on high by central government, with disastrous consequences. In the reform era, district officials have been joined by 'associates of the state', such as agricultural extension officers, to develop innovative 'local' approaches to agricultural development. This has led to increased prosperity but also rising inequality. While the central government has been more willing to allow local experimentation under reform, its influence and interests are still felt, even at the district level. Most scholars emphasise a sharp break between pre-1975 and post-1975 Vietnam. By contrast, this article highlights the way in which there are important elements of continuity both between regimes and between the pre-reform and post-reform eras.
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Mai, Pham Quynh. "ESTIMATE RESERVES OF BAMBOO BORER AND THEIR PARASITE CHARACTERISTICS ON BAMBOO IN SON LA, VIETNAM." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 3 (June 16, 2016): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-708x/54/3/7253.

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Vietnam's population has been increasing, will reach 100 million peoples in the near future. When the population increased, the amount of food from traditional sources can not afford. The study of insects as food supplement in this period is very necessary. The bamboo larvae of Omphisa fuscidentalis are used as food by local peoples in mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam in the long time. The larvae are also used as good to purchase on the domestic market today. In this paper, we presented the results of studies on the infested rates of bamboo larvae on different bamboo species and some characteristics in their parasitic larval stage and estimated reserves of the larvae in the province of Son La.
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DO, TRUONG VAN, YI-GANG WEI, and FANG WEN. "Oreocharis caobangensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Cao Bang Province, northern Vietnam." Phytotaxa 302, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.6.

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A new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) from Cao Bang province, northern Vietnam is described and illustrated. The new species, Oreocharis caobangensis, is most similar to O. lungshengensis, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by its petioles densely brownish villous, lateral veins 6–8 pair on each leaf blade, bracts smaller (1.5–2 mm long), corolla outside pubescent and pistil glabrous, 18–20 mm long.
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NGUYEN, HOANG NGHIA, VAN THO NGUYEN, VIET LAM LE, VAN TIEN TRAN, and NGUYEN VIEN. "Dendrocalamus phuthoensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Phu Tho province, Vietnam." Phytotaxa 296, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.296.3.6.

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A new species of Dendrocalamus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), D. phuthoensis, is described and illustrated from Phu Tho Province, Vietnam. This species is similar to D. longiligulatus, but differs by its culm sheath glabrous, culm sheath ligule 6–7 mm long, serrulate, young culms densely brown pubescent, florets 7–9, arranged in the pseudospikelet, palea 12–14 mm long, with 3 or 4 veins between keels and without veins on each wing.
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Williams, Mark, Toshifumi Komatsu, Gengo Tanaka, Nguyen Huu Hung, Jan Zalasiewicz, Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke, Simon Wallis, and Vincent Perrier. "Upper Llandovery (Telychian) graptolites of the Oktavites spiralis Biozone from the Long Dai Formation, at Lam Thuy village, Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 7 (July 2016): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0153.

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A numerically small graptolite assemblage from the Long Dai Formation at Lam Thuy village, southwestern Le Thuy district, Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam, includes Oktavites spiralis (Geinitz). The relative abundance of this species in the assemblage, coupled to its occurrence with Oktavites bodentoerlensis Loydell, identifies the lower Silurian (Llandovery Series, Telychian Stage) spiralis graptolite Biozone. Identification of the new locality at Lam Thuy enhances the dataset of Silurian graptolite-bearing localities in central Vietnam and advertises the wide utility of graptolite assemblages for biostratigraphical correlation of lower Palaeozoic strata in northern and central Vietnam.
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TO, VAN QUANG, QUOC TOAN PHAN, and VAN BANG TRAN. "Description of Coeliccia bhriulieci sp. nov. (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae) from central Vietnam." Zootaxa 4341, no. 2 (October 31, 2017): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4341.2.9.

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Coeliccia bhriulieci sp. nov. (holotype male from Tay Giang district, Quang Nam province, central Vietnam, deposited in the Zoological collection of the Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) is described based on male specimens. The new species is easily distinguished from other Coeliccia species in the Southeast Asian region by the combination of its blue abdominal tip, black anal appendages and structure of genital ligula with two long flagella extending from lateral corners of apical segment.
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KOSTERIN, OLEG E., and TOM KOMPIER. "Amphicnemis valentini sp. nov. from the Cardamom ecoregion in Cambodia and Vietnam (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)." Zootaxa 4429, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4429.2.4.

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Amphicnemis valentini sp. nov. is described from the Ream Peninsula of Cambodia (holotype: Cambodia, Preah Sihanouk Province, Ream Peninsula, 10.52258 N 103.69556 E, RMNH) and Phú Quốc Island, Kien Giang Province of Vietnam, both in the Cardamom ecoregion. It is similar to A. gracilis Krüger, 1898, which occurs in Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra, but differs from it by a long process on the male prothorax.
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Thung, Do Cong, Nguyen Dang Ngai, Dau Van Thao, Nguyen Van Sinh, and Dao Minh Dong. "Marine biodiversity in Ha Long bay and Cat Ba archipelago." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/3/13174.

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Ha Long bay - Cat Ba island located in the Northeast of Vietnam, in the area of Ha Long city (Quang Ninh province) and Cat Hai island district (Hai Phong city) is the largest limestone island in Vietnam. Features of biodiversity include the seven typical ecosystems of tropical limestone islands, namely tropical rainforest ecosystem, cave ecosystem, mangrove ecosystem, tidal ecosystem, coral reef ecosystem, soft-bottom ecosystem. Ha Long - Cat Ba also represents a high level of species diversity with 4,622 species of plants and animals on land and in the sea. In particular, on land there are 2,464 species, accounting for 53.3% and under the sea there are 2158 species, accounting for 46.7%. Up to 16 species and 114 species have been recorded in the Vietnam Red List and in the IUCN List, respectively. Together with hundreds of rare and precious species at national and regional levels, there are species of global conservation value, demonstrating that Ha Long bay - Cat Ba archipelago can possibly be a world heritage site according to the criteria of biodiversity (ix and x criteria).
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TRINH-DANG, MAU, DOAN DANG PHAN, and VAN MINH VO. "A new rotifer species: Lecane langsenensis n. sp. (Rotifera: Monogononta) from Vietnam." Zootaxa 4615, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.1.8.

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Lecane langsenensis n. sp. is described from two locations in Vietnam: Lang Sen Reserve, Long An Province, and the Huong River, Thua Thien Hue Province. It is distinguished from L. arcula, L. aculeata and L. superaculeata by its longer lorica, antero-lateral spine, and claws. Moreover, the size and shape of L. langsenensis, L. arcula, L. aculeata, and L. superaculeata were measured and compared. The results showed that these species are completely different.
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JENKINS, PAULINA D., ALEXEI V. ABRAMOV, VIATCHESLAV V. ROZHNOV, and OLGA V. MAKAROVA. "Description of two new species of white-toothed shrews belonging to the genus Crocidura (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from Ngoc Linh Mountain, Vietnam." Zootaxa 1589, no. 1 (September 19, 2007): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1589.1.5.

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Two new species of white-toothed shrews, Crocidura zaitsevi and C. sokolovi are described from Ngoc Linh Mountain (Kon Tum Province, Vietnam). Comparisons are provided with other species of Crocidura known to occur in Vietnam. Crocidura zaitsevi is very small in size, comparable only to C. kegoensis described from Central Vietnam and distinguished by its moderately long tail and cranial features. Crocidura sokolovi is similar in size to C. attenuata but differs in pelage colour, relatively longer tail, and cranial and dental features. Both new species are currently known only from Ngoc Linh Mountain.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long An (Vietnam : Province)"

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Le, Thanh Liem. "Patient's delay in seeking treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis among adult population in long an province, Vietnam /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-LeThanhLiem.pdf.

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Le, Trang Thi, Doan Dang Phan, Bao Dang Khoa Huynh, Van Tho Le, and Van Tu Nguyen. "Phytoplankton diversity and its relation to the physicochemical parameters in main water bodies of Vinh Long province, Vietnam." Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70829.

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Phytoplankton samples were collected in 2016 during the dry and rainy seasons at nine sampling sites in Vinh Long province, Vietnam. Some basic environment parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and phosphate were measured and a total of 209 phytoplankton species (six phyla, 96 genera) were identified. The phylum that had the greatest number of species was Bacillariophyta (82 species), followed by Chlorophyta (61 species), Cyanophyta (39 species), Euglenophyta (21 species), Chrysophyta (three species) and Dinophyta (three3 species). The phytoplankton density ranged from 4,128 to 123,029 cells/liter. The dominant algae recorded in the study area include Microcystis aeruginosa, Merismopedia glauca, Oscillatoria perornata, Jaaginema sp., Planktothrix agardhii, Coscinodiscus subtilis, Melosira granulata. In particular, Microcystis aeruginosa was the most density dominant species in the total number of sampling sites during the dry season survey, and this species was classified as a group producing toxins harmful to the environment. Surface water quality, according to QCVN 08: 2015/BTNMT was classified into Column A1 for pH, nitrate and Column B1 for dissolved oxygen, and Column B2 for phosphate. Phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors changed substantially between dry and rainy seasons. A Pearson (r) correlation coefficient was used for the relative analysis. The results indicated that the number of phytoplankton species were a significantly positive correlation with pH, dissolved oxygen and nitrate in the rainy season. The phytoplankton abundance was uncorrelated with environmental factors in both seasons.
Các mẫu thực vật phù du được thu thập trong năm 2016 (mùa khô và mùa mưa) tại 9 vị trí ở tỉnh Vĩnh Long, Việt Nam. Một số thông số môi trường như nhiệt độ, pH, oxy hòa tan, nitrat và phốt phát được đo ngay tại hiện trường. Tổng cộng 209 loài thực vật phù du được ghi nhận (6 ngành, 96 chi). Số lượng loài cao nhất là tảo Silic (82 loài), kế đến là tảo Lục (61 loài), tảo Lam (39 loài), tảo Mắt (21 loài), tảo Vàng ánh (3 loài) và tảo Giáp (3 loài). Mật độ thực vật phù du dao động từ 4.128 đến 123.029 tế bào/ lít. Các loài ưu thế ghi nhận được ở khu vực nghiên cứu gồm có: Microcystis aeruginosa, Merismopedia glauca, Oscillatoria perornata, Jaaginema sp., Planktothrix agardhii; Coscinodiscus subtilis, Melosira granulata. Trong đó, loài Microcystis aeruginosa chiếm ưu thế nhiều nhất trên tổng số điểm thu mẫu trong đợt khảo sát mùa khô, đồng thời loài này được xếp vào nhóm sản sinh độc tố gây hại cho môi trường. Chất lượng nước mặt theo QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT được xếp vào loại A1 đối với thông số pH, nitrat và loại B1 đối với thông số oxy hòa tan, và loại B2 đối với phốt phát. Cấu trúc quần xã thực vât nổi và các yếu tố môi trường thay đổi đáng kể giữa mùa mưa và mừa khô. Hệ số tương quan Pearson (r) được dùng để phân tích. Kết quả cho thấy số lượng thực vật phù du có tương quan thuận với pH, oxy hòa tan và nitrat trong mùa mưa và có ý nghĩa về mặt thống kê. Mật độ của thực vật phù du không tương quan với các yếu tố môi trường trong cả hai mùa.
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Nguyen, Van chat. "Les "homestays" dans le delta du Mékong (Vietnam) : facteurs de réussite et effets de développement humain : cas d'étude île d'An Binh, province de Vinh Long." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0047.

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Le tourisme homestay, est un thème de recherche émergent, en particulier au Vietnam où il est à la mode actuellement, et est, de ce fait, souvent cité par des médias locaux, par des administrations locales ou choisi comme sujet de recherche par les étudiants. Le homestay est aussi un choix d’activité économique pour des jeunes non seulement dans les grandes villes mais aussi en zone rurale, plus particulièrement dans la province de Vinh Long du delta du Mékong, où le homestay est considéré comme un des produits touristiques originaux de la région. Il est notamment reconnu par les autorités de la province de Vinh Long comme un produit touristique essentiel dans le but de faire du tourisme un secteur économique et culturel important à long terme et de contribuer au programme de la nouvelle ruralité (« nông thôn mới »). Au cours des dernières années, certaines études se sont intéressées aux contributions économiques des homestays du delta du Mékong. Nous avons choisi d’étudier le homestay en adoptant une perspective multidimensionnelle. La question capitale pour nous est celle-ci : peut-on considérer le développement des homestays comme un outil de développement humain sous l’angle de l’économie, du social, de la culture et de l’environnement ? Autrement dit, est-ce qu’il permet aux entrepreneurs ou gérants de homestays ainsi qu’aux habitants d’élargir leurs capabilités. De ce point vue, l’approche par les capabilités de l’économiste Amartya Sen (Sen 2000) permet de porter un regard neuf quant aux objectifs et au devenir du homestay.Notre objectif central dans cette thèse est d’examiner les relations entre l’approche par les capabilités et l’entrepreneur homestay et le développement humain dans le contexte rural du Vietnam. Pour mener à bien ce travail, l’approche qualitative a été mobilisée, y compris la recherche bibliographique, l’observation, l’observation participante, les entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 24 acteurs clés (6 autorités locales, 1 responsable d’une compagnie touristique locale, 16 habitants, 1 formateur touristique) et la méthode du récit de vie auprès de 15 entrepreneurs et gérants de homestay. Ces méthodes sont complémentaires même si le récit de vie joue un rôle central.Fort de ce travail, les résultats obtenus montrent que le développement du homestay apporte des effets positifs sur la vie des entrepreneurs, des gérants homestays et leur famille sous le regard du développement humain. Plus spécifiquement, le développement du homestay permet aux entrepreneur, gérants de homestay et leur famille d’avoir plus de moyens afin d’avoir une bonne santé, d’acquérir du savoir et d’avoir accès aux ressources nécessaires pour jouir d’un niveau de vie convenable. La présence des homestay a des effets positifs pour les habitants de cette île en termes d’économie, de social, de culture et d’environnement. Pourtant, le tourisme homestay n’est pas une baguette magique capable d’apporter toutes les solutions, il a aussi des impacts négatifs, notamment socio-culturels.Afin de rendre le développement du tourisme homestay de l’île d’An Binh plus pertinent, notre proposition prioritaire réside en la mise en œuvre de différentes solutions (la diversité des activités touristiques, l’attention à l’authenticité, l’orientation vers les touristes domestiques). Plus important, il est nécessaire de viser à accroître l’agencéité des habitants pour qu’ils puissent élargir leurs opportunités dans différentes dimensions de la vie. Ces solutions supposent une coopération fiable entre habitants, acteurs privés et acteurs publics impliqués dans la sphère d’entrepreneuriat du tourisme homestay
Homestay tourism is an emerging research theme, especially in Vietnam, where it is fashionable nowadays, and is therefore often cited by local media, by local governments or as a research topic by students. Homestay is also a choice of economic activity for young people not only in big cities but also in rural areas, especially in Vinh Long province, located in the Mekong Delta, where homestay is considered as one of the most original tourist products. It is recognized by the authorities of Vinh Long province as an essential tourist product aimed at making tourism an important economic and cultural sector in the long term and contributing to the program of new rurality ("nông thôn mới"). In recent years, some studies have focused on the economic contributions of homestay in the Mekong Delta. We decided to conduct a study on homestay from a multi-dimensional perspective. The main research question is, “Is the development of homestay considered as a tool for human development from socio-economic, cultural and environmental perspectives?” In other words, does homestay allow homestay businessmen or homestay managers as well as inhabitants to expand their capabilities? From such points of view, the capability approach of the economist Amartya Sen (Sen 2000) provides a fresh perspective on the goals and future of homestay.The primary objective of this thesis is to examine the relationship between the capability approach, the homestay businessmen, and human development in the rural context of Vietnam. To carry out this research, the qualitative approach was employed, including bibliographic research, observation, participant observation, semi-structured interviews with 24 key participants-cum-stakeholders (six local authorities, one person in charge of local tourist company, 16 local inhabitants, and one tourist trainer), and the life history method with 15 homestay businessmen and homestay managers. These methods are complementary to each other with the life history method playing a pivotal role.The results of this thesis show that the development of homestay brings positive effects on the lives of homestay businessmen, homestay managers and their families in the respect of human development. More specifically, the development of the homestay allows those stakeholders to have more means to gain good health and knowledge, thus having access to important resources to pursue their rising living standards. Homestay has positive effects on the An Binh island’s inhabitants socio-economically, culturally, and environmentally. However, homestay tourism is not a magic wand capable of providing all solutions, which means it also has negative impacts, particularly socio-cultural ones.In order to make the development of homestay tourism more efficient on An Binh Island, the top priority is the implementation of different solutions such as the diversification of tourist activities, attention to authenticity, and orientation towards domestic tourists. More importantly, it is essential to enhance the agency of the inhabitants so that they can expand their opportunities in different dimensions of life. These solutions require effective cooperation between inhabitants, and private and public sectors involved in the sphere of entrepreneurship of homestay tourism
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Luu, Bich Ngoc. "La famille vietnamienne face au VIH/SIDA : connaissances, stigmatisation et exclusion : etude cas-témoin à Ha-Long, province de Quang Ninh, Viêt Nam." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100092/document.

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Le VIH/sida est considéré comme le phénomène causant « le plus grand renversement dans le processus de développement humain dans l’histoire contemporaine ». La stigmatisation liée au VIH/sida est un obstacle majeur à la prévention de l’épidémie. Bien qu’au Viêt-Nam la propagation de l’épidémie VIH/sida soit moins forte qu’en Thaïlande et au Cambodge, il a tendance à se propager à l’ensemble de la population. Les familles font de plus en plus face au VIH/sida. Les résultats scientifiques de cette thèse ont montré que le VIH/sida entre dans les familles comme un « choc ». Il a un impact sur la vie de tous les membres de la famille. Les séropositifs et les membres non séropositifs doivent faire face à de nouvelles réactions. Le VIH/sida cause des changements dans les fonctions de la famille. Toutefois, la famille joue un rôle important dans la prévention et les soins aux séropositifs. Malgré cela, la mise en œuvre de ce rôle a de nombreuses limites. Les séropositifs et les membres de leurs foyers manquent de connaissances sur le VIH/sida. La stigmatisation des séropositifs par les membres de leurs foyers et dans la société est forte. Les séropositifs et les membres de leurs foyers font de l’auto-stigmatisation et ne veulent pas communiquer sur leur séropositivité. Des facteurs influant le niveau des connaissances du VIH/sida, les attitudes de stigmatisation ont été identifiés pour aider à formuler des recommandations pour la mise en œuvre d’interventions contre le VIH/sida
HIV/AIDS is considered as the phenomenon causing "the greatest reversal in human development process in modern history". The stigma related to HIV/AIDS is a major obstacle to prevention of the epidemic. Although in Viet Nam HIV/AIDS is less widespread than in Thailand and Cambodia, the epidemic tends to spread to the entire population. Families increasingly face HIV/AIDS. The scientific results of this thesis have shown that HIV/AIDS enters families as a "shock". It leaves many impacts on the lives of all family members. People with HIV/AIDS and their relatives must cope with new reactions. HIV/AIDS is causing changes in the functions of the family. However, the family plays an important role in prevention and care for people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite this, implementation of this role have many limitations. People with HIV/AIDS and members of their households lack knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The stigma of members of households to people with HIV/AIDS in the society and in the family is at high level. People with HIV/AIDS and members of their household have self-stigma and do not want to disclose their HIV-positive status. Factors influencing the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, the attitudes of stigma have been identified to help offering recommendations for the implementation of interventions against HIV/AIDS
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Ngo, Mau Duc [Verfasser]. "A Policy Framework for a Provincial User-centric SDI to support Land Administration in Vietnam. Case study of Vinh Long Province / Mau Duc Ngo." München : GRIN Verlag, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1183692889/34.

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Cavell, Julia, and Sara Andersson. "Long-term water modelling of the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System : A study conducted for the growing of Grape Leaves with drip irrigation in the Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139384.

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The main objective was to set up models of the soil-plant-atmosphere system for the growing of Grape Leaves with drip irrigation in the Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam. The computer software tool CoupModel was used in this modelling process. The focus of the model was the systems soil hydraulics and the water balance between its components. When running several 21 years simulations it could be seen that slight variations in soil texture inputs resulted in relatively big output changes. For example, by either using the soil texture laboratory results or the soil water retention inputs gained from tensiometers and moisture meters in the field, gave an annual irrigation amount difference of 100 mm. However, it can be questioned if the models reached the goal of simulating an  efficient irrigation schedule  due to the soil evaporation output being high throughout the year.  For further research, longer time series of field measurements together with more knowledge about the plant would be preferable in order to validate and improve the model.
MÂlet med denna studie var att uppr‰tta modeller ˆver mark-v‰xt-atmosf‰r-systemet i programmet CoupModel. Modellerna skulle anpassas fˆr odlingen av vinblad med hj‰lp av droppbevattning i Binh Thuan-provinsen i Vietnam. Fokus i denna studie var vattenflˆden och vattenbalansen mellan systemets komponenter. Efter att ha kˆrt flera 21 Âr lÂnga simuleringar var det tydligt att sm variationer i indata resulterade i relativt stora skillnader i utdata. Om till exempel  v‰rden  angÂende jordartens struktur  erhÂllna  frÂn laboratoriet anv‰ndes ist‰llet fˆr f‰ltm‰tningar frÂn tensiometrar och fuktm‰tare blev det en Ârlig bevattningsskillnad p 100 mm. Det kan ifrÂgas‰ttas huruvida mÂlet att simulera en vatteneffektiv bevattning blev nÂtt d jordavdunstningen var hˆg Âret runt. Fˆr vidare studier skulle l‰ngre tidsserier av f‰ltm‰tningar tillsammans med mer kunskap om plantan vara nyttigt fˆr att kunna validera och fˆrb‰ttra modellen.
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Lan, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Phitaya Charupoonphol. "Self-care of mothers with children under five years of age on acute respiratory infection in Thanhdong commune of binhminh district, vinh long province, Vietnam /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-NguyenThiNgocLan.pdf.

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Gédéon, Laurent. "Les Hoa au Viet-Nam." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081709.

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Les chinois du vietnam (appeles hoa) occupent une place particuliere dans ce pays pour plusieurs raisons : l'anciennete de leur implantation, les relations historiques millenaires entre la chine et le vietnam, leur organisation sociale tres poussee, leur puissance economique, et le fait qu'ils ont ete les principales victimes de la crise qui a eclate entre les deux etats en 1978. Celle-ci, qui les a durablement affectes, est intervenue dans un contexte regional de tension avec la chine, et d'opposition croissante entre leur communaute, tres influente economiquement, et les nouvelles autorites du vietnam reunifie, decidees a transformer l'economie de l'ancien sud-vietnam. Elle a eu pour effet l'exode de centaines de milliers de hoa hors du pays. Elle represente aujourd'hui pour eux l'evenement de reference de leur histoire recente, dont les consequences conditionnent encore nombre de leurs choix personnels, sociaux, et economiques. Plus de vingt ans apres, les chinois ont regagne une partie de leur influence ; ils constituent un ensemble homogene, dont la cohesion est entretenue par la transmission d'un heritage culturel et linguistique commun. La majorite d'entre eux se regroupe aujourd'hui dans le sud du vietnam, surtout a ho-chi-minh ville, particulierement dans les 10eme, 11eme, 6eme, et surtout 5eme arrondissements de l'agglomeration, qui forment le quartier de cholon et ou ils sont commercialement tres actifs. Mais ils demeurent un groupe allogene et faiblement assimile, socialement et linguistiquement distinct, en butte aux critiques d'une partie de la population en raison de leur particularisme et de leur emprise economique, jugee trop importante. Une telle situation pose la question de leur devenir, qui apparait par ailleurs etroitement lie aux questions geopolitiques regionales, notamment l'evolution des relations sino-vietnamiennes.
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Pham, Kang Van. "Challenges to shrimp production in the Bentre province, Vietnam /." Tromsø : Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Universitetet i Tromsø, 2008. http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/1430/1/thesis.pdf.

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Nguyen, Thom Tien. "Attitude, motivation, and consumption of seafood in Bacninh province, Vietnam /." Tromsø : Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Universitetet i Tromsø, 2007. http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/1001/3/thesis.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Long An (Vietnam : Province)"

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War comes to Long An: Revolutionary conflict in a Vietnamese province. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

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Phan, Thanh Quan. Cục thuế tỉnh Long An: 20 năm hình thành và phát triển, 1990-2010. [Ho Chi Minh City]: Nhà xuất bản Tài chính, 2010.

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Viện, Nguyẽ̂n Khá̆c. Vietnam, a long history. Hanoi: Foreign Languages Pub. House, 1987.

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The long-range war: Sniping in Vietnam. Boulder, Colo: Paladin Press, 1994.

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Miguel, Edward. The long run impact of bombing Vietnam. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Quỳnh, Đõ̂ Phương. Ha Long Bay and Quang Ninh Province. Hanoi: The gioi Publishers, 1994.

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Nguyễn, Quang Khải. Chùa Hàm Long. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản văn hóa-thông tin, 2011.

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The long man. New York: Tor, 2009.

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Long time passing: Vietnam and the haunted generation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.

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Nguyẽ̂n, Khá̆c Viện. Vietnam, a long history: The Au Lac Kingdom. Hanoi: The Gioi Publishers, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Long An (Vietnam : Province)"

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Na, Le Thi Hong, Dang Hai Dang, and Nguyen Dang Hoang Nhat Truong. "Architectural Solutions with Regards to Climate Change for the Rural Housing of Vinh Long Province, Vietnam." In AUC 2019, 51–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5608-1_5.

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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Ha Long Bay, Vietnam." In Coastal World Heritage Sites, 479–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1528-5_70.

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Schell, Jonathan. "The Long Shadow of Vietnam." In The United States and the Legacy of the Vietnam War, 21–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230591769_2.

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Van Tien, Pham, Le Hong Luong, Le Minh Nhat, Nguyen Kim Thanh, and Phuong Van Cuong. "Landslides Along Halong-Vandon Expressway in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam." In Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, 133–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60227-7_14.

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Tuyet, Le Thi Nham, Annika Johansson, and Nguyen The Lap. "Abortions in Two Rural Communes in Thai Binh Province, Vietnam." In Vietnam’s Women in Transition, 93–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24611-3_7.

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Long, Nguyen Quoc, Ropesh Goyal, Luyen K. Bui, and Xuan-Nam Bui. "Assessment of Global Digital Height Models over Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60839-2_1.

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Tran, Tho, Rajib Shaw, and Michiko Banba. "Land Use Change Implications on Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province in Vietnam." In Disaster Risk Reduction, 353–80. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56442-3_19.

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Van Hung, Mai, Nguyen Van Ba, and Dam Thi Kim Thu. "Statistical Evaluation of Malnutrition Status of Children in Lao Cai Province, Vietnam." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 567–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8443-5_48.

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Rubin, Olivier. "Impediments to Climate-Induced Disaster Management: Evidence from Quang Nam Province, Central Vietnam." In On the Frontiers of Climate and Environmental Change, 99–117. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35804-3_6.

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Duc Le, An, and Lan Thi Thu Vu. "Climate Change’s Impact on Natural Hazards in Quang Nam Province, Mid-Central Vietnam." In On the Frontiers of Climate and Environmental Change, 91–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35804-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Long An (Vietnam : Province)"

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George Saadé, Raafat, and James Wan. "Proposing an Integrated Change Management Model for the United Nations." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3776.

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Aim/Purpose: Using United Nations as the backdrop, this article present a theory-based conceptual model. The results of this empirical study also identify the most influence factors to the success of change management to the United Nations. Background: In 2000, the issue of management reform started taking center stage in the United Nations, and change efforts were presented to various governing bodies regularly as an indicator of organizational performance. However, existing change theories put many efforts on addressing the institutional management and behavior problems. Only a few answered the phenomenon existing in the U.N. context. Methodology: Using the data collected from seven United Nations organizations, we assess the psychometric properties of validated survey items, followed by EFA and then CFA. Contribution: Change management in the United Nations context is rarely being studied. Fifteen items in five constructs describing impact factors for current change process in the United Nations are derived. Findings This article identified five factors, including Communication, Transparency, Culture, Participation, and Resistance, that are the most influence factors with implication to change and change management in the United Nations. Recommendations for Practitioners: To United Nations management professionals, they should not only emphasize on the implementations of the change process, but also, as our findings clearly show, on institutional pressures such as culture. However, the results of this study also show that putting efforts on clear organization’s objectives and procedure, smooth improvement process in place, transparency with the encouragement of staff participation, will significantly reduce such impact from the resistance of staff. Recommendation for Researchers: The U.N. context is changing today at a faster rate. The U.N. is rarely being studied. Organizational theories applied to management frameworks provide great opportunity for research. These studies can also investigate management theories as they apply to the various types of U.N. organizations such specialized ones and other NGOs. Impact on Society: As one of the biggest players in the international political and economic stage with a significant influence on the stability of global society, this study introduces an understanding of this political nature body that does not only benefit the knowledge of the organization but also indirectly impacts on the sustainability of the global community in the long run. Future Research: This research makes significant implications for future studies in the change management theory from an integrated view in the context of the United Nations. That could attract more attention further on an integration of strategic management, the cohesive methodology of project management practices as well as assimilated performance management research from within the U.N. system.
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Day, Harold Jack, Walter M. Grayman, and Pham Gia Hai. "Area-Wide Environmental Assessment in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam." In 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)169.

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Vinh, Ton That, G. Kant, Nguyen Ngoc Huan, and Z. Pruszak. "Sea Dike Erosion and Coastal Retreat at Nam Ha Province, Vietnam." In 25th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784402429.218.

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Mai, Ha T., and Kurt J. Marfurt. "Attribute illumination of basement faults, Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063787.

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Le, C., T. Kieu, D. Pham, and P. Lai. "Inversion of 3D Magnetotelluric Data for Geothermal Exploration at Quang Binh Province, Vietnam." In EAGE-GSM 2nd Asia Pacific Meeting on Near Surface Geoscience and Engineering. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900433.

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Nguyen, T. V., A. Weller, and D. N. Tang. "Geophysical Measurements in Coastal Area of Nam Dinh Province (Vietnam) for Delineation of Aquifers." In Near Surface 2010 - 16th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144863.

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Ha Nguyen, Bao Khuyen, and Lan Huong Vu. "ADAPTING TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TO MANAGE HIGH SCHOOLS IN LAM DONG PROVINCE OF VIETNAM." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.2049.

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Dinh, Chuc Nguyen, Huy Tran Nhu, Ha Mai Thanh, Bach Hoang Viet, Chuc Nguyen Dinh, Xuan Tran Van, and Tan Mai Thanh. "Assess Late Syn-Rift Plays in Cuu Long Basin, Offshore Vietnam." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. Offshore Technology Conference, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/28537-ms.

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Weller, A., R. Lewis, C. Tran, M. Möller, and B. Scholz. "Long-term Monitoring at a Levee of Red River in Vietnam." In Near Surface Geoscience 2013. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131335.

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Edelev, Alexei, Dmitriy Karamov, Van Binh Doan, Hoai Nam Nguyen, Hong Anh Nguyen, and Viet Huong Nguyen. "The Long-Term Development Planning of Energy Critical Infrastructures of Vietnam." In Proceedings of the VIth International Workshop 'Critical Infrastructures: Contingency Management, Intelligent, Agent-Based, Cloud Computing and Cyber Security' (IWCI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iwci-19.2019.28.

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Reports on the topic "Long An (Vietnam : Province)"

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Miguel, Edward, and Gerard Roland. The Long Run Impact of Bombing Vietnam. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11954.

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Kubu, Justin. Strategies for Long Term Economic Growth in Vietnam. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594202.

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Angrist, Joshua, and Stacey Chen. Long-term consequences of vietnam-era conscription: schooling, experience, and earnings. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13411.

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Ratton, Ronald R. The Long Slow Struggle: Legal Advice at the Beginning of the Vietnam War,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370560.

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Schmitz, Lauren, and Dalton Conley. The Long-Term Consequences of Vietnam-Era Conscription and Genotype on Smoking Behavior and Health. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21348.

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Franklin, John J. Another Long March: Lessons from the Post-Vietnam Rebuild of the Marine Corps, 1969 to 1989. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612111.

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Conley, Dalton, and Jennifer Heerwig. The Long-Term Effects of Military Conscription on Mortality: Estimates from the Vietnam-era Draft Lottery. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15105.

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Kaffenberger, Michelle, Danielle Sobol, and Deborah Spindelman. The Role of Low Learning in Driving Dropout: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study in Four Countries. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/070.

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Using unique longitudinal quantitative and qualitative data, we examine the role that low learning plays in driving dropout in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. Regression analysis using IRT-linked test scores and data on schooling attainment and dropout shows a strong, significant association with one standard deviation higher test scores associated with 50 percent lower odds of dropping out between the ages of 8 and 12, and a similar association between the ages of 12 and 15. Qualitative analysis indicates a direct relationship between low learning and dropout, with children and parents choosing to discontinue school when they realize how little is being learned. Qualitative findings also show that low learning interacts with and exacerbates more proximate causes of dropout, with low learning often contributing to choices of early marriage (for girls) and of leaving school to work (for both genders), with families making practical decisions about which options will best provide for children in the long run. Finally, learning, work, and poverty often interact, as the need to work to help provide for the household reduces the opportunities to learn, and low learning tilts the opportunity cost of time in favor of working. These findings suggest that low learning may play a larger role in dropout decisions, by underlying and interacting with other causes, than has been typically recognized.
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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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