Relevant bibliographies by topics / Long Barrows

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Long Barrows'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Long Barrows"

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Grinsell, L. V. "Barrows in the Anglo-Saxon Land Charters." Antiquaries Journal 71 (September 1991): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500086820.

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The Saxons used beorh for prehistoric barrows and hlæw for their own barrows, but pleased themselves which term to use for prehistoric barrows containing intrusive Saxon burials (e.g. Rough Barrow, Cheselbourne 8b, Dorset; Cwicelmes Low, Ardley, Oxon.; the better known Cwichelmes Low (East Hendred, Oxon. ex Berkshire) is mentioned not in a charier but in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Long barrow Swell IV, Glos., contained Saxon intrusive burials.There are more than twenty rough barrows but only one rough low (in Chetwode-Hillesden, Buckinghamshire, S 544), implying that the Saxons normally kept their own barrows tidy but did not bother much about those of earlier date.They sometimes distinguished between long and round barrows (e.g. Long Barrow, Swell IV, Glos.; ‘the barrow which lies between the two long barrows’, Wonston, Hants. They never distinguished between round barrows of bowl, bell, disc and saucer types.Scrutiny of the charters has led to the discovery of a few barrows previously unknown to the Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division, e.g. Buckland Newton I, Dorset; Cheselbourne 17, Dorset; Tetbury Upton 3, Glos.As the charters were written more than a thousand years ago they recorded many barrows long before they had been reduced to their present sorry state by ploughing and other agencies.
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Jones, Dilwyn. "Long Barrows and Neolithic Elongated Enclosures in Lincolnshire: An Analysis of the Air Photographic Evidence." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 64 (January 1998): 83–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002188.

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The long barrows of Lincolnshire have been the subject of long-term but intermittent interest. One aspect not investigated hitherto is the air photographic evidence for plough-levelled long barrows. Recently completed mapping work in the county by the Aerial Survey section of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME), as part of the National Mapping Programme, has made possible the analysis of the air photographic evidence. This article presents an evaluation of that evidence and considers its significance in terms of the Neolithic of the region.A comprehensive survey of air photo collections has dramatically increased the number of long barrows known in the county, identifying over 50 examples of levelled sites. The majority are found on the chalk Wolds where the dozen surviving earthwork monuments are located. The distribution of long barrows in the county may now be extended onto the Jurassic Limestone ridge to the west where five examples have been recorded. The Lincolnshire long barrow enclosures have three categories of shape; oval, trapeziform, and oblong. The ditch plan is predominantly full-enclosing, and is found as the distinct form in the eastern region of England. The morphology and dimensions of two sites suggests they may have been a long mortuary enclosure or short cursus.At Harlaxton in the southern Limestone a long barrow enclosure forms part of an extensive later Neolithic ritual complex which incorporates a multiple pit-alignment as a principal component. The form of the complex appears to be unique and underlines the importance of Harlaxton as an inter-regional link.
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Evans, J. G., and D. D. A. Simpson. "I. Giants' Hills 2 Long Barrow, Skendleby, Lincolnshire." Archaeologia 109 (1991): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261340900014016.

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The Neolithic long barrow whose excavation is described in this report is one of a pair known as Giants' Hills, situated in the parish of Skendleby, Lincolnshire (NGR: TF(53)429709; Lat. 53° 12′ 40″ N., Long. 0° 8′ 30″ E.). The general geographical location is an outlier of the chalk at the southern extremity of the Lincolnshire Wolds (fig. 1). The site lay at between 56 and 58m O.D. along the gentle south-facing slope of a small river valley (fig. 2). The maximum slope is 7 degrees. Orientation was approximately south-east/north-west with what can be considered the more important end of the barrow (the front) towards the south-east. The dimensions of the preserved mound were 65 × 13m (maximum) (originally 77 × 19m), and of the entire site from the original outer edges of the ditch, 89 × 29m (maximum).The other barrow of the pair, Giants' Hills 1, was excavated by C. W. Phillips (1936). To the south-east beyond a low chalk ridge and in a topographical position similar to that of the Giants' Hills barrows lies another pair of long barrows, the Deadmen's Graves (fig. 2). On a broader geographical scale, both pairs belong to a group of about fifteen long barrows situated on the Lincolnshire Wolds (fig. 1).Excavation took place under the direction of the authors at the instigation of the Department of the Environment (now the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England) because of damage sustained by ploughing. As well as being a rescue operation, the work can be seen as an integral part of research into prehistoric chalkland environments and Neolithic burial practices. Thus, financial support was provided not only by the DoE, but also by University College Cardiff and the University of Leicester. There were three field seasons. In the first two, from 4–28 September 1975 and 27 March to 10 April 1976, the western end of the site (west of line AL, fig. 4) was excavated totally. The main excavation took place between 14 August and 25 September 1976.
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Wojciechowski, Włodzimierz. "Grobowce megalityczne na przedpolu Sudetów." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 13 (November 1, 2018): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2005.13.12.

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A cemetery of megalithic long barrows of the so-called Kujavia type was discovered in autumn of 1995 near Muszkowice in the foothills of the Sudety Mountains. It consists of 6 trapezoidal structures made of stone and sand. It has been the first megalithic cemetery discovered in south-west Poland to date. Only one of the barrows (No. 2) has been partly excavated so far. Its dimension, use of stones as a building material and unchambered construction resemble similar structures known from Pomerania (the Łupawa type). The barrow has been dated back to the Funnel Beaker Culture.
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Borodovskiy, Andriey P., Marek Krąpiec, and Łukasz Oleszczak. "Radiocarbon Dating of Barrows of the Pazyryk, Karakoba, and Bystrianka Cultures from the Manzherok Region, Russia." Radiocarbon 59, no. 5 (June 21, 2017): 1263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.41.

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AbstractThis paper presents radiocarbon (14C) dating of Scythian period sites discovered in Northern Altai, Russia, in the 1990s, including large, unlooted barrow cemeteries in the Manzherok region. The results indicate that barrows attributed to the Karakoba culture may represent a long time span from the beginning of the 9th century BC until the beginning of 1st century BC, while those linked with the North Pazyryk culture generally keep within the Scythian period: from the beginning of the 5th century BC to the late 1st century AD. 14C analysis has confirmed the viability of traditional archaeological dating and the contemporaneity of barrows belonging to various cultural traditions (North Pazyryk, Karakoba), and also allowed correlating the horizons of burials to the seismic phenomena observed at the site.
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Mischka, Doris. "The Neolithic burial sequence at Flintbek LA 3, north Germany, and its cart tracks: a precise chronology." Antiquity 85, no. 329 (August 2011): 742–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00068289.

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Radiocarbon dating of 32 stratigraphic samples aided by Bayesian analysis has allowed the author to produce a high precision chronology for the construction and development of a continental Neolithic long barrow for the first time. She shows when and how quickly people living on the shore of the Baltic adopted pit graves, megalithic chambers and long barrows. Better than that, she provides a date for the famous cart tracks beneath the final barrow to 3420–3385 cal BC. Although other parts of the package — ploughing and pottery — are late arrivals, her analysis of the global evidence shows that Flintbek remains among the earliest sightings of the wheel in northern Europe.
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Holst, Mads Kähler, Marianne Rasmussen, Kristian Kristiansen, and Jens-Henrik Bech. "Bronze Age ‘Herostrats’: Ritual, Political, and Domestic Economies in Early Bronze Age Denmark." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 79 (August 21, 2013): 265–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2013.14.

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In this article we argue that within the Danish Bronze Age there was a short-lived period (roughly 1500–1150 bc) that witnessed a dramatic investment of resources into the construction of monumental architecture in the form of barrows and long houses. These investments had far-reaching long-term effects on the local landscape with negative consequences for agricultural productivity. We use two extraordinary well-documented excavations of a barrow (Skelhøj) and a long house (Legård) as a model for labour organisation and resource allocation, which is calculated against the number of barrows and long houses recorded in the Danish Sites and Monuments database for the period. An astonishing minimum of 50,000 barrows were constructed, devastating an estimated 120,000–150,000 hectares of grassland. During the same time period an estimated 200,000 long houses were constructed and renewed every 30–60 years. In densely settled regions the effects are easily recognisable in pollen diagrams as a near-complete deforestation. Thereby, the productive potential of the economy was, in effect, reduced.The situation was unsustainable in a long-term perspective and, at least on a local scale, it implied the risk of collapse. On the other hand, the exploitation of resources also appears to have entailed a new way of operating in the landscape, which led to a new organisation of the landscape itself and a restructuring of society in the Late Bronze Age. The intense character of these investments in monumental architecture is assumed to rely primarily on ritual and competitive rationales, and it exemplifies how the overall economy may be considered an unstable or contradictory interplay between ritual, political, and domestic rationales.1
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Gibson, Alex. "Some Recent Research at Two Yorkshire Long Barrows: Denby House, Rudston & Esh's Barrow, Helperthorpe." Yorkshire Archaeological Journal 83, no. 1 (August 2011): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/008442711x13033963454327.

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Jankowska, Dobrochna. "O pochodzeniu pomorskich grobowców bezkomorowych kultury pucharów lejkowatych." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 13 (November 1, 2018): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2005.13.10.

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The article presents a short overview of discussion on the origin of the Funnel Beaker Culture in particular regions of Pomerania. In particular, an origin of the Pomerania long barrows with a stone construction is debated. The study implies that prototypes o f these monuments are to be found in the Lower Elbe region and influences from Kujavia are only detectable in the latest phase. The article tackles also a theory linking an emergence of long barrows with the late Danubian tradition („long houses”).
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Thomas, Richard, and Lesley McFadyen. "Animals and Cotswold-Severn Long Barrows: a Re-examination." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 76 (2010): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000463.

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In this paper new collaborative research is presented following a re-examination of the faunal remains and architectural evidence from a selected number of Cotswold-Severn long barrow sites. Five different loci of deposition are considered: ‘pre-barrow’ contexts; the chambers; the superstructure of the barrow and the ditches; the forecourt; and blocking material. These spatial locations were chosen following research that has demonstrated that these areas are likely to represent different temporal, as well as spatial, patterns of activity. While the faunal remains are diverse in character, common themes observed at the sites include: the deposition of complete or partial remains of foetal and young animals within chambers; the use of teeth and cranial elements within blocking material; and, within each temporal context, the absence of clear evidence for feasting and the importance of cattle, and the small but constant inclusion of wild mammals. This complexity of practice has the potential to mature our thinking regarding the nature of human–animal relationships within the early Neolithic of Britain and provide a secure foundation of evidence for subsequent interpretations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long Barrows"

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Persson, Lina. "De Nordeuropeiska långhögarna : Hus för de döda." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-735.

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The discovery and excavation of Long Barrows has been one of the major developments in the understanding of the Early Neolithic in Southern Scandinavia during the last decade. The Long Barrows are one of the oldest monumental burial forms that we see in northern Europe in the neolithic. They are also the first example of a common idea that is connected to a monumental burial form amongst the people. In this essay I attempt to show that there actually are quite a large number of Long Barrows in Scandinavia that show similarities with Long Barrows in well-known areas such as Kujavia (Poland) and Pommerania (Germany/Poland), in both architecture and location in the landscape. I also scrutinise some theories regarding this phenomenon and discuss, and i some cases, criticise them. I especially focus on the stated similarity between LBK houses and Long Barrows. My aim was to see if these theories were appliciable to the relatively recent discoveries of Long Barrows in Southern Scandinavia.

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Wysocki, Michael Peter. "The re-examination of extant human skeletal remains from excavated earlier Neolithic long barrows and chambered tombs in southern Britain." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2010. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20363/.

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A series of seven published peer-reviewed papers and reports are presented. The body of work to be considered is concerned with the reexamination of previously excavated Earlier Neolithic human remains from Southern Britain. These form the subject of a Synoptic Overview. The Synoptic Overview places the papers within the context of academic debate and knowledge as it stood in the mid 1980s and 1990s. The background events surrounding the writing of the papers and the extent of the author's involvement in collaborative papers are detailed. The papers present new information concerning Ecirlier Neolithic mortuary assemblages and their formation and subsequent taphonomic histories, new information concerning the extent of interpersonal violence in the Earlier Neolithic and new chronological data and interpretations. The contribution to knowledge of each of the papers is summarised and critically reflected on.
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Banfield, Emily Julia. "Tales from The Ontological Tern : an examination of the role and meaning of faunal remains in the Neolithic long barrows of Wiltshire." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42918.

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Previous interpretations of Neolithic long barrow faunal deposits have commonly understood animals either in functionalist, economically determinist terms as resources for human exploitation, or as symbolic currency within human cosmologies, both approaches underpinned by an anthropocentric worldview. This is arguably unsurprising given that the same perspective has also informed the development of the zooarchaeological practices traditionally employed for their investigation, and is manifest in the standard suite of analyses deployed, analyses that seek to find evidence for such exploitation. That these perspectives are historically situated has remained largely unrecognised and undertheorized. This research explores human-animal relationships presenced in eight Neolithic long barrows in the modern county of Wiltshire from an expressly posthuman position that understands phenomena to be relationally emergent within assemblages, drawing on the work of Bennett (2010), DeLanda (2006), Deleuze and Guattari (2004), and Haraway (1991; 2008). Assemblages are multiple, multi-scalar, transient gatherings, transgressive of corporeal boundaries to permit the incorporation and consequent transformation of diverse phenomena. Multiple long barrow assemblages are analysed: the osseous material, using the standard suites of techniques for animal bone, which in accordance with the posthumanist remit includes human bone; and the depositional assemblages, with a focus on materiality and working at and across different geographic and temporal resolutions, drawing together both documentary and archive data through a range of spatial analytics including Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Established approaches are thus not discarded, but are augmented through assemblage with others. A diversity of human-animal relations are uncovered to reveal new understandings of the roles and meanings of faunal deposits in long barrow assemblages and of the long barrows themselves, permitting exploration of past ontologies. The strength of this approach lies in the space it creates for difference to emerge, confirming its potential value as a means for exploring the more-than-human past.
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Glover, Joseph. "Titanic Forces : Trauma, Eros and the Death Drive in Sebastian Barry’s A Long Long Way." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29828.

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Roth, Ethan H. "Arctic ocean long-term acoustic monitoring ambient noise, environmental correlates, and transients north of Barrow, Alaska /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1457296.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed November 10, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-100).
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Labibes, Kamel. "Propagation d'une onde viscoélastique le long d'une barre en PMMA et réalisation d'essais dynamiques sur le polyuréthanne." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Labibes.Kamel.SMZ9433.pdf.

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Pour étudier le comportement mécanique des polymères à grandes vitesses de déformation, il est suggéré d'utiliser dans la technique d'Hopkinson des barres polymériques. Pour cela, il est indispensable de trouver une méthode qui permet la détermination de la contrainte, la déformation et la vitesse particulaire aux interfaces à partir des valeurs de la déformation obtenues au niveau des jauges de déformation en tenant compte de la dispersion et de l'atténuation de l'onde lors de sa propagation le long des barres en polymère. Basée sur une loi de comportement viscoélastique et sur la théorie des caractéristiques, une telle méthode est développée en détails. Une simulation de propagation d'ondes viscoélastiques le long de barres en PMMA, PC et époxyde est présentée montrant l'influence de paramètres du matériau sur le caractère des ondes viscoélastiques. Une méthode basée sur la comparaison des résultats théoriques et expérimentaux montre une bonne concordance et valide la méthode utilisée. Le comportement dynamique du polyuréthanne est montré finalement en utilisant le critère d'Andrews et une approche statistique
To study the high strain-rate mechanical behaviour of polymers, it is suggested to generalize the split Hopkinson bar technique by using polymeric bars. The key of such a generalization lies in the method for determining the stresses and particle velocities at two interfaces of specimen from the strain pulse signals measured at the strain gauges located in a distance from the interface, taking account of the dispersion and dissipation of viscoelastic wave propagating in polymer bars. Based on a viscoelastic constitutive equation and the characteristics theory, such a method is developed and discussed in detail. Computational simulations of viscoelastic waves propagating in PMMA, PC and epoxy bars are presented, showing the influence of material parameters on the character of viscoelastic waves. A wave propagation method is suggested for determining the dynamic viscoelastic constitutive equation of polymers. The good agreement between the experimental wave measurements and the theoretical predictions based on the measured material parameters confirms the validity of the suggested method. The dynamic mechanical behaviour of polyurethane is shown finally using the Andrews criteria and a statistical approach
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Gouveia, Cátia Alexandra Rodrigues. "A utilização dos códigos de barras ao longo da cadeia de abastecimento : estudo de caso da empresa Luís Simões." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7626.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Nos dias de hoje, a preocupação das empresas recai em novas formas de competir e serem eficientes nos mercados em que atuam. Assim, a logística é uma área que tem vindo a ganhar importância na gestão da cadeia de abastecimento. Os desafios atuais são colocados nas relações de interdependência entre os vários intervenientes das cadeias e nas soluções que permitem a otimização dos processos logísticos. Neste seguimento, a escolha da tecnologia de etiquetagem a utilizar é um fator que se pode traduzir em um aumento de eficiência e produtividade ou até possibilitar a redução de custos, entre outros benefícios, quando implementada corretamente. Ao longo deste estudo foram confrontadas as duas tecnologias de etiquetagem existentes - códigos de barras e RFID - e procurou-se perceber qual a tecnologia que é utilizada por uma empresa nacional de transportes e logística. Para tal, foi elaborado o Estudo de Caso da empresa Luís Simões, onde são entrevistados colaboradores da empresa e também colaboradores de empresas stakeholders, a montante e jusante da mesma, com o intuito de perceber as vantagens e desvantagens da tecnologia adotada percecionadas por estes, bem como as razões da sua implementação. Com este trabalho concluiu-se as empresas em análise utilizam os códigos de barras GS1-128 e que a razão primordial identificada na escolha é a utilização de uma solução global e uniformizada nos negócios de forma a facilitar a comunicação entre todos os parceiros e tornar as cadeias de abastecimento mais eficientes e competitivas.
Nowadays, the company's concern aims for new ways to compete and become more efficient in their markets. So, the logistics is a field that has earned a lot of importance in the supply chain management. The current challenges are placed in the interdependency relations between the various stakeholders in the chain and in the solutions that allows the optimization of the logistic process. According, the choice about the labeling technology to use is an important factor to increase efficiency and productivity or even reduce costs, among others benefits, when correctly implemented. Throughout this study we confronted two existent labeling technology - barcodes and RFID - and sought to realize which technology is used in the national companies, of transports and logistic. For that purpose, we elaborated a study case in the company Luís Simões, where workers of the company and others workers of the stakeholders companies are interviewed for the purpose of quantitative analysis of the subject. We conclude that the companies in the logistic and transports sector use the barcodes GS1-128 and the main reason for that is the need for a global and uniform solution in business, to facilitate the communication between all the partners and build a supply chain more efficient and competitive.
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Pigozzo, Julio César. "Estudos e aplicações de barras de aço coladas, como conectores em lajes mistas de madeira e concreto para tabuleiros de pontes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-20122006-103114/.

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As pontes tradicionais de madeira no Brasil, nem sempre atingem as condições plenamente satisfatórias em estradas vicinais, exigem manutenção contínua e a maioria não está adequada ao tráfego pesado usual. As pontes mistas de madeira e concreto destacam-se como alternativa econômica apresenta grande resistência e rigidez além de exigir baixa manutenção. Neste trabalho os estudos dos tabuleiros mistos de madeira e concreto para pontes desenvolveram-se em três fases: estudo da ancoragem de barras de aço coladas em peças estruturais de madeira; estudo dos conectores de cisalhamento formados por barras de aço coladas na madeira em corpos-de-prova mistos de madeira e concreto e, estudos; construções e análises de protótipos de tabuleiros mistos de madeira e concreto. Nos estudos de ancoragens, as barras de aço com superfície deformada, do tipo CA-50 com tensão de escoamento 'F IND.Y,K' = 500 MPa, foram coladas em furos com diâmetros maiores, inclinadas de '0, 45 e 90 GRAUS' em relação às fibras das madeiras. Utilizaram-se quatro tipos de resina epóxi e uma poliuretana, considerando as principais variáveis que influenciam na resistência de ancoragem. Os corpos-de-prova foram construídos com amostragens de madeiras de: Eucalyptus citriodora (ρ 12% = 1000 kg/'M POT.3') e Pinus oocarpa shiede (ρ 12% = 550 kg/'M POT.3'). Os testes de ancoragem apresentam as estimativas das resistências médias obtidas por meio de análise de regressão múltipla e as resistências características, obtidas pelo limite inferior do intervalo de confiança a 90%. Nos estudos dos conectores de cisalhamento utilizaram-se corpos-de-prova mistos, do tipo push out, executados com madeira roliça natural de Eucalyptus citriodora tratada com CCA e concreto armado de média resistência. Os conectores de cisalhamento, em três variações, foram executados com barras de aço do tipo CA-50 ancoradas na madeira, com a resina epóxi SIKADUR 32 fluido e inclinados de '45 GRAUS' em relação às fibras, os resultados apresentam, as resistências últimas médias, as resistências características; os valores médios e os valores característicos dos módulos de deslizamento da conexão. Nos estudos, projetos e execuções de dois tabuleiros mistos, de madeira e concreto, utilizaram-se toras de Eucalyptus citriodora tratadas com CCA, concreto armado de média resistência e conectores de barras de aço coladas com resina epóxi no formato X. Análises estáticas foram realizadas submetendo os tabuleiros às provas de carga, utilizando caminhões. Os deslocamentos na linha central transversal foram medidos e comparados com os valores teóricos calculados usando um modelo de cálculo que considera o tabuleiro misto como uma placa ortotrópica equivalente. Os conectores apresentaram alta resistência; alta rigidez e modo de ruptura uniforme. Os tabuleiros mistos de madeira e concreto apresentaram muito bom desempenho, confirmaram-se as hipóteses fundamentais e o modelo de cálculo proposto.
The traditional timber bridges in secondary roads in Brazil not always meet the requirements of quality, but they also demand continuing maintenance and adequacy to heavy traffic. The mixed wood-concrete deck bridges arise as a viable alternative, because of its low construction cost, low maintenance and its high strength and stiffness. In this thesis the mixed wood concrete deck bridge studies was showed in three phases: the experimental pull out strength results of bonded-in steel rods in wood beams studs; the experimental analysis on shear connectors in mixed wood concrete specimens using bonded-in steel bars and, designs; constructions and statistics tests on log-concrete composed deck bridges was presented too. In the anchorage studies the deformed and reinforced CA-50 steel bars, with the minimum yield strength of 500 Mpa, were bonded in holes drilled at angles of '0, 45 and 90 DEGREES' between the rods and on the direction of grain. Four types of epoxy and one polyurethane adhesive were used regarding the influence of the most significant variables. The specimens were made using Eucalyptus citriodora (ρ 12% = 1000 kg/'M POT.3') and Pinus oocarpa shiede (ρ 12% = 550 kg/'M POT.3') beams. The pull out tests presents the median strength results estimated by multiple regression analysis and the characteristics response estimated by the lower range in 90% of the confidence interval. In the shear connections studies were carried using specimens of push out tests type made of logs of Eucalyptus citriodora treated with CCA and medium strength reinforced concrete. The shear connectors, in three shapes, were made with CA-50 steel bars bonded-in wood with SIKADUR 32 fluid epoxi resin, with '45 DEGREES' angles between the rods and on the direction of grain. The results presents the ultimate limit strength median, the characteristics strength, the slip modulus medians and the characteristics slip modulus. In the studies, designs and executions of two mixed wood-concrete decks bridge were used made of logs of Eucalyptus citriodora treated with CCA, medium strength reinforced concrete, and bonded-in steel CA-50 rods, as shear connectors in X format. Same static loads test on the bridges was carried out using a truck. Deflections in the medium span transversal directions were measured and analytically predicted using an equivalent orthotropic plate model. The shear connectors showed high ultimate strength and stiffness and, uniforms failure mode. The results showed a very good performance to the composed log-concrete deck bridges, it confirms the fundamental hypothesis and calculus model suggested.
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Molina, Julio Cesar. "Análise do comportamento dinâmico da ligação formada por barras de aço coladas para tabuleiros mistos de madeira e concreto para pontes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-04082008-111830/.

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Neste trabalho avaliou-se o comportamento estrutural do sistema misto madeira-concreto para tabuleiros de pontes, com ênfase na análise dinâmica dos conectores de cisalhamento, para dois tipos de conectores: \"vertical\" e em \"X\". Foram efetuadas duas principais abordagens, numérica e experimental, além de um amplo levantamento teórico sobre o tema com base na literatura disponível. Os ensaios experimentais foram realizados em corpos-de-prova de madeira como também em corpos-de-prova mistos e vigas mistas de madeira-concreto. Todos os corpos-de-prova e vigas foram submetidos a solicitações estáticas e dinâmicas, considerando-se os diversos materiais envolvidos na ligação. A análise numérica dos sistemas mistos foi efetuada com base no método dos elementos finitos, a partir da utilização do software ANSYS. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que ambos os sistemas de conexão perderam efetivamente rigidez para um total de 1 x \'10 POT.6\' ciclos de carga aplicados, sendo a maior parcela desta perda verificada para os ciclos iniciais. Além disso, o sistema de conexão \"vertical\" apresentou maior facilidade de execução quando comparado com o sistema de conexão em \"X\". A partir dos resultados numéricos constatou-se que a perda de rigidez ocorreu devido ao acúmulo do dano localizado nos materiais, nas regiões dos conectores. Os resultados numéricos mostraram uma boa concordância com os resultados experimentais. Para finalizar, foram propostos os valores dos níveis máximos e mínimos de carga cíclica, como também da frequência de excitação a serem utilizados nos ensaios dinâmicos para a verificação da rigidez dos sistemas mistos de conexão.
In this work was evaluated the structural behavior of log-concrete composite deck bridge system, with emphasis in the dynamic analysis of the shear connectors using two types of connectors: \"vertical\" and \"X\". Two main approaches were considered, numeric and experimental, besides a wide theoretical study about the theme with base in the available literature. The experimental studies were accomplished in specimens of wood, wood-concrete specimens and wood-concrete beams. All of the specimens and beams were subjected to static and dynamic loads considering several materials in the composed connection system. The numeric analyze of the composed systems was made with base in the method of the finite elements using the software ANSYS. The experimental results showed that both connection systems reduced stiffness really for 1 x \'10 POT.6\' applied load cycles, and the largest portion of this reduction happens in the initial cycles. Besides, the system of \"vertical\" connection presented larger execution easiness when compared with the system \"X\" connection. The numeric results showed that the reduced stiffness of the connection systems happened due to the accumulation of the located damage of the materials in the areas of the connectors. The numeric and experimental results comparison showed a good agreement. It was proposed values for the maximum and minimum levels of cyclical load, as well as for the frequency to be used in the dynamic tests for the verification of the reduced stiffness of the composite system of connection.
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Miàs, Oller Cristina. "Analysis of time-dependent flexural behaviour of concrete members reinforced with fibre reinforced polymer bar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96914.

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In this work, long-term behaviour of FRP RC beams has been investigated both analytically and experimentally to further extend the knowledge in this particular research domain. In this respect, a new methodology to determine the long-term deflections due to creep and shrinkage is presented. Based on multiplicative coefficients, the methodology is straightforward and simple, and therefore suitable to be used in design. In addition, an experimental campaign on two series of GFRP RC beams subject to long-term loading has been performed. Different reinforcement ratios, concrete strengths and sustained load levels have been considered. For comparison purposes steel reinforcement has also been used. The experimental long-term results have been reported and discussed. Furthermore they have been compared to predictions using the most representative procedures, as well as, the proposed methodology presented in this work.
En aquest treball, es presenta una nova metodologia per a la determinació de fletxes diferides degudes als efectes de la fluència i la retracció del formigó. La metodologia presentada es basa en coeficients multiplicadors, essent així un mètode directe i simple, apte per ser utilitzar en el disseny. Addicionalment, l’estudi presenta els resultats d’una campanya experimental realitzada en dues etapes, on bigues armades amb barres de material compost han estat sotmeses a càrregues a llarg termini. S’han considerat diferents quanties de reforç, resistències de formigó i nivells de càrrega. Per tal de comparar-ne els resultats, també s’han assajat bigues armades amb barres d’acer. Els resultats experimentals han estat analitzats i comparats amb els models de predicció més significatius, així com amb la metodologia desenvolupada i presentada en aquest estudi.
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Books on the topic "Long Barrows"

1

Barkaer: Long barrows and settlements. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1992.

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Megalithic tombs and long barrows in Britain. Princes Risborough: Shire Archaeology, 1997.

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Earthen long barrows: The earliest monuments in the British Isles. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus, 2006.

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The origin and function of the earthen long barrows of northern Europe. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1985.

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1907-, Grinsell L. V., ed. Belas Knap Long Barrow. (London): English Heritage, 1986.

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Tacos on the tundra: The story of Barrow, Alaska's long-time resident, Fran Tate. Anchorage, AK: Bonaparte Books, 1996.

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Field, David. Earthen Long Barrows. Tempus, 2006.

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Long Barrows of the Cotswolds and Surrounding Areas. Not Avail, 2004.

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Phillips, Howard, Donna Brandes, and Frances Lynch. Megalithic Tombs and Long Barrows in Britain (Shire Archaeology). Shire Publications, 1999.

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Non-Megalithic Long Barrows and Allied Structures in the British Neolothic. British Museum Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Long Barrows"

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Iwaniszewski, Stanisław. "TRB Megalithic Tombs and Long Barrows in Central Europe." In Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 1299–305. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8_124.

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Drury, Denise, Tim Allen, David Knight, David McOmish, Matthew Oakey, Caroline Skinner, Paul Cope-Faulkner, Neil Parker, Sean Parker, and Jonathon Smith. "New work on long barrows in Lincolnshire." In Houses of the Dead, 121–34. Oxbow Books, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13gvh62.14.

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Pospieszny, Łukasz, Michał Jakubczak, and Grzegorz Kiarszys. "Putting earthen long barrows back on the map:." In Monumentalising Life in the Neolithic, 173–84. Oxbow Books, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13pk66m.20.

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Bradley, Richard, Colin Haselgrove, Marc Vander Linden, and Leo Webley. "Barrow Landscapes Across the Channel (2500–1600 BC)." In The Later Prehistory of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199659777.003.0009.

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It was easy to choose the title of this chapter. Over a span of almost a thousand years, which embraces the late Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and early Bronze Age periods in local chronologies, the archaeological record of northwest Europe takes a distinctive form. Round barrows are widely distributed and are found on both sides of the English Channel and the North Sea. At the same time there are few regions in which the dwellings of the living population can be identified and studied in any detail. There is good evidence for long-distance contacts illustrated by the movement of artefacts and raw materials, and analysis of human bones suggests that certain individuals travelled in the course of their lives. Even so, the best indications of these networks are provided by the contents of the graves. There is a danger of taking this state of affairs literally. Any account that summarizes the distribution of funerary monuments is subject to certain biases. Although barrows play a prominent part in the archaeology of the later third and earlier second millennia BC, there were many burials without mounds. There are also regions in which earthworks are preserved and others where they have been destroyed. For example, in lowland England major concentrations of round barrows have been documented on the chalk of Wessex and Sussex, but it has taken aerial photography, supplemented by development-led excavations, to show that they occurred in equally high densities on the Isle of Thanet which commands the entrance to the Thames estuary. On the opposite shore of the Channel there is a great concentration of round barrows in Flanders and another on the gravels of the Somme (Fig. 4.2; De Reu et al. 2011). Again they have been discovered from the air, but in this case comparatively few have been excavated and dated. There is a striking contrast with the situation across the border in the southern Netherlands where round barrows still survive. Even there research has shown that many examples were levelled in the nineteenth century (Bourgeois 2013).
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Cooper, Anwen, Chris Green, and Laura Morley. "Time." In English Landscapes and Identities, 348–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870623.003.0010.

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We cannot think about space, without also considering time, especially as the landscape can be seen to be the richest set of historical evidence we have. We present two case studies. The first concerns the long-term continuities in the use of the intertidal zone, where wooden structures are often preserved by the water. This tells us about use of the sea, but also of the forests which supply wood for sea side structures. We then turn to a major analysis of the reuse of round barrows, first built in the early Bronze Age, but of differing interest to all later periods.
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"Long-Barrow." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 782. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_120467.

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"Long Barrow." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 782. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_120462.

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McFadyen, Lesley, Don Benson, and Alasdair Whittle. "The Long Barrow." In Building Memories, 79–136. Oxbow Books, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1dw1w.17.

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"Kuyavian Long Barrow." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 726. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_110451.

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"Earthen Long Barrow." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 418. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_50035.

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Conference papers on the topic "Long Barrows"

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CASTELLE, Bruno, and Giovanni COCO. "Morphodynamique des barres sableuses de déferlement le long des plages en baie." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2012.024-c.

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Sanchez, Marcos Sanchez, and John Iliff. "Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy bridge over the River Barrow. Design and Construction of a long span extrados bridge." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0436.

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<p>This paper describes the key elements from early planning to completion of a new bridge over the River Barrow which is part of the New Ross bypass in the south of Ireland. The structure has a total length of 887m, with a span arrangement of 36-45-95-230-230-95-70-50-36m. The two central twin spans are the longest of its kind in the world (extrados with a full concrete deck). The bridge carries a dual carriageway with a cable arrangement consisting of a single plane of cables located in the central axis of the deck. The design and construction focused in providing a structure with long term durability, resilience, and a robust approach to design scenarios using the Eurocodes and state of the art analysis techniques, including extreme events such as fire and ship impact<i>.</i></p>
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Sheikh, Rizwan, and Kevin Ewans. "A Method for Deriving Infragravity Wave Design Criteria in Shallow Water." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41720.

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Infragravity waves are long waves with periods of 30 to 300 seconds. They are most apparent in shallow-water and can have a large impact on the response of moored vessels, particularly large tankers such as LNG vessels, with long natural periods. A method for estimating infragravity wave design criteria for a shallow-water location is demonstrated. The method uses a combination of hindcast wave data and an idealised model for simulating infragravity waves. By way of example, a case study on the application of the Ideal Surf Beat (IDSB) model to simulate infragravity waves in the coastal waters of Barrow Island, Australia, and the subsequent estimation of extreme criteria quantifying the infragravity wave energy for a possible export berth location, is described.
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Huang, Jiangyang, Shane M. Farritor, Ala’ Qadi, and Steve Goddard. "Localization and Follow-the-Leader Control of a Heterogeneous Group of Mobile Robots." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80008.

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This paper investigates the control and localization of a heterogeneous (different sensor, mechanical, computational capabilities) group of mobile robots. The group considered here has several inexpensive sensor-limited and computationally-limited robots which follow a leader robot in a desired formation over long distances. This situation is similar to a search, de-mining, or planetary exploration situation where there are several deployable/disposable robots led by a more sophisticated leader. Specifically, the robots in this paper are designed for highway safety applications where they automatically deploy and maneuver safety barrels commonly used to control traffic in highway work zones. Complex sensing and computation are performed by the leader while the followers perform simple operations under the leader’s guidance. This architecture allows followers to be simple, inexpensive and have minimal sensors. Theoretical and statistical analysis of a tracking-based localization method is provided. A simple follow-the-leader control method is also presented. Experimental results of localization and follow-the-leader formation-motion are included.
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Gomes Andrade, João Paulo, Francisco Carlos Rodrigues Coelho, and Wesley Peres Peres. "Alocação de Geração Distribuída Solar Fotovoltaica via NSGA-II e PSO Binário: Uma Formulação Multiobjetivo Considerando Fluxo de Potência Trifásico Desequilibrado e Sequencial no Tempo." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1460.

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A Geração Distribuída (GD) produz diversos impactos na rede de distribuição de energia elétrica. Muitos estudos vêm sendo realizados, com o intuito de se aproveitar seus potenciais benefícios operacionais. Este trabalho apresenta uma formulação multiobjetivo para o problema da alocação de GD solar fotovoltaica, a ser resolvido por dois algoritmos metaheurísticos de otimização: o Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) e o Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) binário, associado à soma ponderada para escalarização do problema. Por meio dos dois algoritmos, duas fronteiras de Pareto são construídas, tendo como objetivos a minimização das perdas de energia ao longo de uma semana e a minimização do número de unidades de GD inseridas no sistema. Dentre as restrições consideradas, restringem-se as tensões em todas as fases, de todas as barras, em todo o período simulado, dentro dos limites pré-estabelecidos pela ANEEL. Para cálculo do fluxo de potência trifásico desequilibrado, sequencial no tempo, emprega-se o software OpenDSS. A validação da metodologia é realizada através de simulações com alocação de GDs trifásicas no sistema IEEE de 123 barras. Através da análise das fronteiras de Pareto e de duas métricas de performance, nota-se relativa superioridade do NSGA-II em relação ao PSO para o problema apresentado.
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S. Mesquita, Arthur, Thales W. Cabral, Igor D. de Melo, Marcelo A. A. Lima, Leandro R. M. Silva, Carlos A. Duque, and Abilio M. Variz. "Uma Proposição de Filtragem de Dados para Melhoria da Estimação Complexa de Fontes Harmônicas em Sistemas Elétricos de Potência via Análise de Componentes Independentes." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2380.

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Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para a estimação de fontes de correntes harmônicas em sistemas elétricos de potência através do uso da análise complexa de componentes independentes (do inglês, Complex Independent Component Analysis (CICA)). A partir de medições fasoriais de tensão obtidas de uma rede elétrica, serão avaliados os perfis de variação rápida e lenta associados à curvas diárias de carga do sistema monitorado continuamente por PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units). Um algoritmo de filtragem baseado em média móvel é usado para desassociar estes dois perfis. A partir disso, a análise de componentes independentes fornece as estimações das fontes de corrente harmônicas no sistema, rastreando-as ao longo do tempo de observação. As simulações computacionais são conduzidas utilizando o sistema IEEE 14 barras a fim de validar a metodologia proposta.
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Ghosh, A., J. Zacharia, V. Kumar, R. S. Chauhan, R. Santhosh Kumar, and A. Kumar. "Pulling the Production: A New Way of Looking into Brown Field Reservoirs." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21866-ms.

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Abstract One of the major brownfields in offshore India was producing for three decades from main carbonate reservoirs of the Eocene and Oligocene age. Average production of this brownfield is approximately 11,000 barrels of oil per day (BOPD). To maintain the declining reservoir pressure, the field has been under active water injection for more than two decades. However, being a complex carbonate reservoir with high textural heterogeneity, the water-front movement is not very well understood and monitored. To increase the oil production, the operator started drilling horizontal drain-holes from the platforms and has adopted a conventional perforated and blind tubing combination as a completion strategy. However, it was found that wells were performing poorly with very high water cut. An integrated and comprehensive petrophysical workflow was applied that used data analysis and the added value of advanced 3D acoustic data in combination with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data to provide a rapid realistic solution to avoid such high watercut through optimizing the completion strategy. This led to a production gain in this offshore field, which was underperforming as per earlier predictions and expectations. Conventional well-log based qualitative evaluation for horizontal segmentation strategy was rejected in favor of an integrated approach for lateral reservoir facies delineation. Lateral petrophysical property characterization was carried out through quick integration of NMR pore-size driven facies analysis, advanced acoustic radial profiling, anisotropy, and Stoneley analysis. Permeability profiling along the horizontal drain-hole section using NMR and acoustics provided critical insight. Those were integrated to avoid potential high permeability conduits of thief zones for water breakthrough. A rock-quality index was derived to optimize the completion strategy soon after the logging, even preceding the rig-down of the acquisition runs and lowering of the completion. Zones with higher skin, deeper formation damage, and lower rock-mechanical properties were avoided for efficient swell-packer placements. The well started producing and continued production with only 10% water cut along with 450 barrels of oil compared to an average 90% watercut and 100 barrels of oil from the other wells of the same platform, which used the older nonoptimized completion strategy. Based on the promising result for the first well, the same workflow was used for two similar wells of other two different platforms inthe same field, which also resulted in similar production with enhanced oil production and reduced water cut. The study using the rapid integrated evaluation workflow established efficient zonal isolation of high permeability thief zones with accuracy for timely optimization of horizontal well segmentation, which assisted in pulling higher production in this brownfield by reducing unwanted water production.
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Barros Dantas, Felipe, Matheus Dantas de Lucena, Damásio Fernandes Júnior, and Washington Luiz Araújo Neves. "Localização e Dimensionamento Ótimos de Turbinas Eólicas para Minimizar as Perdas de Energia em Sistemas Radiais de Distribuição." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2177.

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O sistema de distribuição vem sofrendo mudanças ao longo dos anos, principalmente no que diz respeito ao aumento da inserção da geração distribuída. Portanto, se faz necessário um estudo de localização ótima e de seu dimensionamento. A energia eólica é uma das que mais cresce no Brasil e foi escolhida para o presente estudo. Para resolver parte do problema da inserção das unidades geradoras no sistema de distribuição, foi elaborado um algoritmo de busca por meio da técnica de otimização chamada Algoritmo Genético e do Método da Soma de Potências. O objetivo é localizar e dimensionar turbinas eólicas nas barras dos sistemas para que possam reduzir as perdas de energia do sistema e melhorar o perfil de tensão, não ultrapassando os limites de tensão impostos pela ANEEL, nem ultrapassando 30% de penetração de geração eólica referente à demanda anual de energia. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a eficácia e a viabilidade do método para o uso em sistemas de pequeno e grande porte.
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Post, Scott. "Oil Spill Clean Up Project." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62218.

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On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oilrig sank in the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in an oil spill of 4.9 million barrels, one of the largest environmental disasters in United States history. In response to this disaster, the X Prize Foundation sponsored the Wendy Schmidt Oil Cleanup X Challenge, with a one million dollar top prize for engineers to develop better ways to clean up oil after an offshore oil spill. Inspired by the oil spill cleanup challenge, a class project was developed for students in a junior-level fluid mechanics course to develop and implement an oil-spill cleanup solution. Students had one semester to design and build an oil spill cleanup device. At the end of the semester final testing took place in a 20-foot long water table, which was filled with water 6 inches deep. Then for each team of 3–4 students 100 mL of cooking oil was dispersed into the water table, and they had 20 minutes to recover as much of the oil as they could. The grading for the project was based in part on the percentage of the oil the students could recover in the allotted time. The students employed a wide range of techniques, including skimmers, scoopers, and absorbers. The students also had to write a report explaining how their model solution in the water table could be scaled up to full-scale use in an actual offshore oil spill.
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Pederson, Ingrid, Millan Sen, Andrew Bidwell, and Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi. "Enbridge Northern Pipeline: 25 Years of Operation, Successes and Challenges." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31611.

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Enbridge Pipelines Inc. has operated a 324 mm diameter, 870 km crude oil pipeline from Norman Wells, Northwest Territories to Zama, Alberta since 1985. This pipeline is the first completely buried oil pipeline constructed within the discontinuous permafrost zone of Canada. This pipeline was constructed over two winter seasons, and since 1985 has transported roughly 200 million barrels of crude oil to southern markets without significant interruption. This paper will review the design, construction, and operational challenges of this pipeline through the past 25 years. Unique and innovative aspects of this pipeline include measures taken during construction to minimize thermal disturbance to the soil, insulating permafrost slopes to minimize post-construction thaw, operating at temperatures that minimize thermal effects on the surrounding ground, accommodating ground movement caused by frost heave/thaw and slope instabilities, and evaluating the effects of moving water bodies adjacent to the pipeline right-of-way. The use of in-line inspection tools (GEOPIG) has been valuable as a supplement to conventional geotechnical monitoring, for the evaluation and assessment the effects of ground movement to the pipeline. Finite element pipe/soil interaction models have been developed for selected sites in order to assess the potential for slope movement to generate strains in the buried pipeline that exceed the strain capacity. This paper will review new monitoring data and findings since previous publications. In addition, the implications of long-term trends of increasing ground temperatures and associated changes to the geotechnical and permafrost conditions along the pipeline route will also be discussed and are relevant to other proposed pipeline and linear infrastructure projects along the Mackenzie Valley.
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Reports on the topic "Long Barrows"

1

Evaluation of statistical models to predict chemical quality of shallow ground water in the Pine Barrens of Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri924100.

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