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Journal articles on the topic 'Long bones skeleton'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Simangunsong, Yandri R. N., Savitri Novelina, Supratikno Supratikno, et al. "Karakteristik Morfofungsi Skelet Ekstremitas Kaki Soa Layar (Hydrosaurus amboinensis)." JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 15, no. 1 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.2575.

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The Sailfin lizard is a lizard that has a semi-aquatic life and has a sail fin on its tail. These lizards can be found in habitats close to water such as rivers, lakes, and estuaries of mangrove forests. This study aimed to observe the morphofunctional characteristic of the appendicular skeleton of Sailfin Lizard (Hydrosaurus amboinensis), associated with their function and behavior. The appendicular skeleton of the Sailfin lizard was studied morphofunctional by observing and measuring the bones that make up the extremities. The naming of bones and their parts is based on the Nomina Anatomica

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2

Lu, Weiguang, Bo Gao, Jing Fan, et al. "Mesenchymal Progenitors Derived from Different Locations in Long Bones Display Diverse Characteristics." Stem Cells International 2019 (April 4, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5037578.

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Mesenchymal progenitors within bone marrow have multiple differentiation potential and play an essential role in the maintenance of adult skeleton homeostasis. Mesenchymal progenitors located in bone regions other than the bone marrow also display bone-forming properties. However, owing to the differences in each distinct microenvironment, the mesenchymal characteristics of skeletal progenitor cells within different regions of long bones may show some differences. In order to clearly elucidate these differences, we performed a comparative study on mesenchymal progenitors from different regions

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3

Yan, Chengzhi, Hui Ma, Yuejun Yang, and Zhiping Mi. "Sexual Dimorphism in the Limb Bones of Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans) in Relation to Sexual Selection." Animals 13, no. 16 (2023): 2638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13162638.

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Sexual dimorphism is often considered to be the result of differences in the intensity of sexual selection between sexes. From this point of view, the sexual dimorphism of the limb bones of the Bufo gargarizans in southwest China was studied. Results showed that the fore- and hindlimb skeletons of this species were sexually dimorphic in anatomy. The humerus, radioulna, and total lengths of the forelimb skeleton of males were substantially longer than those of females, but the hand length of males was smaller than that of females. Several other features of males, such as deltoid and medial cres

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4

Hanson, Peter D., and Mark D. Markel. "Radiographic geometric variation of equine long bones." American Journal of Veterinary Research 55, no. 9 (1994): 1220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1994.55.09.1220.

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Summary As more sophisticated research is performed to refine fracture fixation techniques for horses, it is important that normal values for the geometric properties of the bones of the appendicular skeleton be determined and that suitable controls be available. We evaluated the geometric properties of total bone width, cortical bone width, and medullary canal/trabecular bone width measured from 2 radiographic projections of equine long bones (humerus, radius, third metacarpal bone, femur, tibia, and third metatarsal bone) obtained from a general population of horses. Measurements were perfor

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GUSINA, A. A., N. V. RUMYANTSEVA, O. L. ZOBIKOVA, and S. N. PASHUK. "FAMILY CASE OF CONRADI-HÜNERMANN SYNDROME: CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR GENETIC FEATURES." MODERN PERINATAL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DEMOGRAPHIC SECURITY, no. 17 (December 2024): 403–9. https://doi.org/10.63030/2307-4795/2024.17.g.02.

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Chondrodysplasia punctata is a clinically and genetically diverse group of diseases characterized by punctate or «stippled» calcification, which is localized in the epiphyses of long tubular bones, carpal bones, tarsus, pelvis, vertebral bodies, less often involving the skull, sternum, ribs, calcaneus bones. This calcification is transient and disappears spontaneously within the first decade of life. Conradi-Hünermann syndrome occurs with a frequency of 1:400,000 girls (lethal for hemizygous males), manifested by characteristic changes in the skeleton, skin and eye. The presented family case o

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Papagrigorakis, Manolis J., Emmanuel Maravelakis, Nina Kyparissi-Apostolika, et al. "An Integrated Study of the Mesolithic Skeleton in Theopetra Cave, Greece: From the Skeleton Analysis to 3D Face Reconstruction." Heritage 5, no. 2 (2022): 881–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020049.

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Skeletal evidence dating back to the Mesolithic period is scarce and should be studied under a multidisciplinary perspective. The primary objective of the study was to carefully assess the skeleton of a young woman from this era, named “Avgi,” to compile its bioarchaeological profile, analyze its paleopathology and dental pathology, and deploy a 3D reconstruction and modeling method in order to reveal her face. Both demographic and pathological information were drawn from macroscopically observing the bones, long bone X-rays, skull CT and X-rays, 3D modeling and printing of the skull, and pano

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7

Liu, Sali, Tigue Tozer, Dilani Rosa, et al. "The Influence of Spatially Distinct Bone Marrow Niches on HSCs." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3565.3565.

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Abstract During development, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) translocate from the fetal liver to the bone marrow (BM), which remains the site of hematopoiesis throughout adulthood. In the BM the HSCs are located at the endosteal surface, where cells of the osteoblastic lineage comprise a key component of the stem cell niche. While hematopoiesis occurs in many bones, the process of bone formation can actually be split into those bones that develop through endochondral ossification (long bones) and those that form through membranous ossification (flat bones). We examined the role played by the m

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Bertozzo, Filippo, Fabio Marco Dalla Vecchia, and Matteo Fabbri. "The Venice specimen ofOuranosaurus nigeriensis(Dinosauria, Ornithopoda)." PeerJ 5 (June 20, 2017): e3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3403.

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Ouranosaurus nigeriensisis an iconic African dinosaur taxon that has been described on the basis of two nearly complete skeletons from the Lower Cretaceous Gadoufaoua locality of the Ténéré desert in Niger. The entire holotype and a few bones attributed to the paratype formed the basis of the original description by Taquet (1976). A mounted skeleton that appears to correspond toO. nigeriensishas been on public display since 1975, exhibited at the Natural History Museum of Venice. It was never explicitly reported whether the Venice specimen represents a paratype and therefore, the second nearly

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Nguyen, Jie C., and Dennis Caine. "The Immature Pediatric Appendicular Skeleton." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 28, no. 04 (2024): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786151.

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AbstractGrowth and maturation occur in a predictable pattern throughout the body and within each individual bone. In the appendicular skeleton, endochondral ossification predominates in long bones and growth plates. The ends of these long bones are sites of relative weakness in the immature skeleton and prone to injury from acute insult and overuse. We present the normal histoanatomy and physiology of the growth plate complex, highlighting the unique contribution of each component and shared similarities between primary and secondary complexes. Components of the growth plate complex include th

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Fomenko, Lyudmila, and Marina Perveneckaya. "FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE LIMB SKELETON IN THE ASIAN (WHITE-TAILED) PORCUPINE HESTRUX LEVICURA." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 9 (January 30, 2025): 118–25. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2023-9-118-125.

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The purpose of research is to study the structural features of the bones of the locomotor apparatus in the Asian (white-tailed) porcupine associated with plantigrade walking and living in thickets of vegetation. Objectives: to describe the structure and topography of the thoracic and pelvic limbs of the Asian (white-tailed) porcupine. The skeleton of the thoracic limb is represented by the scapula and the bones of the free part of the limb: humerus, radius and ulna, wrist, metacarpus and phalanges of the fingers. The skeleton of the pelvic limb is represented by the pelvic girdle and the free

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11

Wang, Yongmei, Shigeki Nishida, Takeshi Sakata, et al. "Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Is Essential for Embryonic Bone Development." Endocrinology 147, no. 10 (2006): 4753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0196.

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Although IGF-I has been identified as an important growth factor for the skeleton, the role of IGF-I on embryonic bone development remains unknown. Here we show that, in IGF-I-deficient (IGF-I−/−) mice, skeletal malformations, including short-limbed dwarfism, were evident at days post coitus (dpc) 14.5 to 18.5, accompanied by delays of mineralization in the spinal column, sternum, and fore paws. Reduced chondrocyte proliferation and increased chondrocyte apoptosis were identified in both the spinal ossification center and the growth plate of long bones. Abnormal chondrocyte differentiation and

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Tverier, V. M., and T. N. Chikova. "Modelling of bone tissue adaptation in Ilyushin's spaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2317, no. 1 (2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2317/1/012009.

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Abstract Some bones of the human skeleton are porous inside and resemble a sponge. The cancellous bone tissue forms the epiphyses of the long bones and practically the entire volume of the cancellous bones. It is known that the structural units of the spongy substance – trabeculae, are located along the lines of action of the greatest mechanical loads created by the muscles attached to the skeleton. If the load during life changes due to some reason, for example, injuries, the characteristics of the profession or lifestyle, then the cancellous bone rebuilds its structure in order to withstand

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13

Daume, Hannah Viola, Helena Herr, Heinrich Mallison, Matthias Glaubrecht, and Thomas M. Kaiser. "Osteo-pathological analysis provides evidence for a survived historical ship strike in a Southern Hemisphere fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0281316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281316.

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The life history of a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) caught during whaling operations in the 1950s was partly reconstructed. 3D surface models of the bones of the skeleton curated at the Zoological Museum of Hamburg were used for an osteopathological analysis. The skeleton revealed multiple healed fractures of ribs and a scapula. Moreover, the processus spinosi of several vertebrae were deformed and arthrosis was found. Together, the pathological findings provide evidence for large blunt trauma and secondary effects arising from it. Reconstruction of the likely cause of events suggests coll

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Rodríguez-Pilloni, Sofia Daniela, Hugo Bernal-Zepeda, Ma Reyes Pichardo-Molinero, Carlos Gerardo García-Tovar, and Samantha Jardon-Xicotencatl. "Polyester Resin Embedding for the Study of the Osteology of the Canine Front Paw." Acta Veterinaria 75, no. 1 (2025): 14–24. https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2025-0002.

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Abstract The creation of anatomical models of high didactic value, which are durable, simple, and inexpensive to maintain for the study of the appendicular skeleton of canines is a challenge, due to the size of the bones composing the base bones of the paw. As the topographic study progresses distally, this material’s quality, integrity, and longevity becomes considerably more difficult. Osteotechnics is a tool that has made it possible to obtain the material for the study of bones that make up the skeleton of domestic animals. However, in the case of the anatomy of the canine paw, pieces of b

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Perry, M. J., S. Gujra, T. Whitworth, and J. H. Tobias. "Tamoxifen Stimulates Cancellous Bone Formation in Long Bones of Female Mice." Endocrinology 146, no. 3 (2005): 1060–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-1114.

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Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been developed as a means of targeting estrogen’s protective effect on the skeleton in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Although it is well established that SERMs such as tamoxifen inhibit bone resorption in a similar manner to estrogen, whether this agent shares estrogen’s stimulatory action on bone formation is currently unclear. To address this question, we compared the effect of treatment for 28 d with 17β-estradiol (E2; 0.1, 1.0 mg/kg·d) and tamoxifen (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg·d) on cancellous bone formation at the proximal tib

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Inoue, Satoshi, Jiro Takito, and Masanori Nakamura. "Site-Specific Fracture Healing: Comparison between Diaphysis and Metaphysis in the Mouse Long Bone." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179299.

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The process of fracture healing varies depending upon internal and external factors, such as the fracture site, mode of injury, and mechanical environment. This review focuses on site-specific fracture healing, particularly diaphyseal and metaphyseal healing in mouse long bones. Diaphyseal fractures heal by forming the periosteal and medullary callus, whereas metaphyseal fractures heal by forming the medullary callus. Bone healing in ovariectomized mice is accompanied by a decrease in the medullary callus formation both in the diaphysis and metaphysis. Administration of estrogen after fracture

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Manifold, Bernadette M. "Differential preservation of children’s bones and teeth recovered from early medieval cemeteries: possible influences for the forensic recovery of non-adult skeletal remains." Anthropological Review 76, no. 1 (2013): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0007.

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Abstract The skeletal preservation of 421 non-adult skeletons from four early medieval sites in England, Scotland and Wales were compared to assess whether geographical location and geology have an impact on overall bone preservation of children’s remains in the burial environment. Skeletons were examined from the cemeteries of Auldhame in Scotland, Edix Hill and Great Chesterford in England and Llandough in Wales. The bone preservation was examined using three preservational indices: Anatomical preservation index (API), Qualitative preservation index (QBI) and the bone representation index (B

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Tomczyk, Jacek, Joanna Nieczuja-Dwojacka, Marta Zalewska, Wojciech Niemiro, and Wioleta Olczyk. "Sex estimation of upper long bones by selected measurements in a Radom (Poland) population from the 18th and 19th centuries AD." Anthropological Review 80, no. 3 (2017): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anre-2017-0019.

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AbstractSeveral studies have shown that sex estimation methods based on measurements of the skeleton are specific to populations. Metric traits of the upper long bones have been reported as reliable indicators of sex. This study was designed to determine whether the four long bones can be used for the sex estimation of an historical skeletal population from Radom (Poland). The material used consists of the bones of 169 adult individuals (including 103 males and 66 females) from the 18th and 19th centuries. Twelve measurements were recovered from clavicle, humerus, radius and ulna. The initial

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Grigorev, Artem. "Long Limb Bones Asymmetry in the Ancient Population of the Volga-Ural Steppe (Neolithic – Middle Ages)." Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik 24, no. 1 (2025): 32–69. https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2025.1.2.

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The work is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of directional bilateral asymmetry of long limb bones in the population of the Volga-Ural steppe on the basis of osteometric data from the Neolithic/Eneolithic, Early and Late Bronze, Early Iron Age, and the Middle Ages. The epoch of the Late Stone Age is represented by the materials from the Ust-Kama and Khvalynsk cultures. The Early Bronze Age series includes skeletons of the Yamnaya and Poltavka cultures and additionally includes materials from the Catacomb culture of the North-Western Caspian region. The materials of the Pokrovka and Srubn

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20

Durham, Amy C., Catherine A. Popovitch, and Michael H. Goldschmidt. "Feline Chondrosarcoma: A Retrospective Study of 67 Cats (1987–2005)." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 44, no. 3 (2008): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0440124.

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The histories of 67 cats diagnosed with chondrosarcoma (CSA) from 1987 to 2005 were reviewed. The mean age was 9.6 years, and males were 1.9 times more likely to be affected than females. Chondrosarcomas were diagnosed in the following sites: appendicular and axial skeleton, nasal cavity, facial bones, and extraskeletal sites. Of the 46 (70%) CSA associated with bone, 63% arose in long bones and 37% arose in flat bones. The remaining (30%) CSA arose in the subcutis. In cases available for follow-up (n=24), no definitive evidence of metastases was found. Cats that underwent radical surgical the

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Wang, Cheng, Nan Ma, and Zhixuan Wu. "Exploring High-Order Skeleton Correlations with Physical and Non-Physical Connection for Action Recognition." Applied Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 3832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14093832.

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Hypergraphs have received widespread attention in modeling complex data correlations due to their superior performance. In recent years, some researchers have used hypergraph structures to characterize complex non-pairwise joints in the human skeleton and model higher-order correlations of the human skeleton. However, traditional methods of constructing hypergraphs based on physical connections ignore the dependencies among non-physically connected joints or bones, and it is difficult to model the correlation among joints or bones that are highly correlated in human action but are physically c

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Swartz, Sharon M., and Kevin M. Middleton. "Biomechanics of the Bat Limb Skeleton: Scaling, Material Properties and Mechanics." Cells Tissues Organs 187, no. 1 (2008): 59–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522505.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) <i>Background/Aims:</i> Wing skeletons of bats are uniquely specialized for flight, reflecting both evolutionary history and the need to maintain structural integrity while generating aerodynamic forces. <i>Methods:</i> We analyzed the anatomical structure of bat wing skeletons in the context of scaling patterns relative to other mammals, material properties and the mechanical function of the wing bones during flight. <i>Results:</i> Compared with nonvolant mammals, the bones of the bat forelimb are elongated, even after correcting for shared

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Swartz, Sharon M., and Kevin M. Middleton. "Biomechanics of the Bat Limb Skeleton: Scaling, Material Properties and Mechanics." Cells Tissues Organs 187, no. 1 (2008): 59–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522505.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) <i>Background/Aims:</i> Wing skeletons of bats are uniquely specialized for flight, reflecting both evolutionary history and the need to maintain structural integrity while generating aerodynamic forces. <i>Methods:</i> We analyzed the anatomical structure of bat wing skeletons in the context of scaling patterns relative to other mammals, material properties and the mechanical function of the wing bones during flight. <i>Results:</i> Compared with nonvolant mammals, the bones of the bat forelimb are elongated, even after correcting for shared

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Swartz, Sharon M., and Kevin M. Middleton. "Biomechanics of the Bat Limb Skeleton: Scaling, Material Properties and Mechanics." Cells Tissues Organs 187, no. 1 (2008): 59–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522505.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) <i>Background/Aims:</i> Wing skeletons of bats are uniquely specialized for flight, reflecting both evolutionary history and the need to maintain structural integrity while generating aerodynamic forces. <i>Methods:</i> We analyzed the anatomical structure of bat wing skeletons in the context of scaling patterns relative to other mammals, material properties and the mechanical function of the wing bones during flight. <i>Results:</i> Compared with nonvolant mammals, the bones of the bat forelimb are elongated, even after correcting for shared

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Swartz, Sharon M., and Kevin M. Middleton. "Biomechanics of the Bat Limb Skeleton: Scaling, Material Properties and Mechanics." Cells Tissues Organs 187, no. 1 (2008): 59–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13522505.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) <i>Background/Aims:</i> Wing skeletons of bats are uniquely specialized for flight, reflecting both evolutionary history and the need to maintain structural integrity while generating aerodynamic forces. <i>Methods:</i> We analyzed the anatomical structure of bat wing skeletons in the context of scaling patterns relative to other mammals, material properties and the mechanical function of the wing bones during flight. <i>Results:</i> Compared with nonvolant mammals, the bones of the bat forelimb are elongated, even after correcting for shared

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Markel, Mark D., Emily Sielman, Andrew J. Rapoff, and Sean S. Kohles. "Mechanical properties of long bones in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 55, no. 8 (1994): 1178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1994.55.08.1178.

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Summary Basic research in canine mechanics must be performed to better understand the forces and moments the appendicular skeleton must withstand. This type of research may allow surgeons to make substantial advances in total joint replacement and fracture fixation design and may enhance our understanding of bone remodeling and fracture occurrence in relation to exercise and trauma. In our study, craniocaudal bending stiffness, mediolateral bending stiffness, axial compressive stiffness, and torsional stiffness of the humerus, femur, radius, and tibia of dogs was determined, using nondestructi

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Davis, A. P., and M. R. Capecchi. "Axial homeosis and appendicular skeleton defects in mice with a targeted disruption of hoxd-11." Development 120, no. 8 (1994): 2187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.8.2187.

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Using gene targeting, we have created mice with a disruption in the homeobox-containing gene hoxd-11. Homozygous mutants are viable and the only outwardly apparent abnormality is male infertility. Skeletons of mutant mice show a homeotic transformation that repatterns the sacrum such that each vertebra adopts the structure of the next most anterior vertebra. Defects are also seen in the bones of the limb, including regional malformations at the distal end of the forelimb affecting the length and structure of phalanges and metacarpals, inappropriate fusions between wrist bones, and defects at t

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Rasha, Rashad Ahmed. "Regulatory Mechanisms of Bone Development and Function." Annals of Cytology and Pathology 1, no. 1 (2016): 005–17. https://doi.org/10.17352/pjcp.000002.

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Bone is metabolically active organ where 10% of it is normally and constantly replaced. Bone constitutes the trabecular or spongy bone (25%) and cortical or compact bone (75%). Trabecular bone is metabolically active and forms the internal supportive elements of the bone. The outer capsule is made up of cortical bone and is particularly present in the shafts of long bones. At the structural level, two different forms of bone can be distinguished, i.e. cortical or compact bone−which forms the diaphysis of long bones and provides protection for the medullary cavity− and trabecular, c

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Hayman, A. R., S. J. Jones, A. Boyde, et al. "Mice lacking tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Acp 5) have disrupted endochondral ossification and mild osteopetrosis." Development 122, no. 10 (1996): 3151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.10.3151.

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Mature osteoclasts specifically express the purple, band 5 isozyme (Acp 5) of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, a binuclear metalloenzyme that can generate reactive oxygen species. The function of Acp 5 was investigated by targeted disruption of the gene in mice. Animals homozygous for the null Acp 5 allele had progressive foreshortening and deformity of the long bones and axial skeleton but apparently normal tooth eruption and skull plate development, indicating a role for Acp 5 in endochondral ossification. Histomorphometry and mineralization density analysis of backscattered electron ima

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Yadav, Prem Swaroop, Shuhao Feng, Qian Cong, Hanjun Kim, Yuchen Liu та Yingzi Yang. "Stat3 loss in mesenchymal progenitors causes Job syndrome–like skeletal defects by reducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, № 26 (2021): e2020100118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020100118.

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Job syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by STAT3 mutations and primarily characterized by immune dysfunction along with comorbid skeleton developmental abnormalities including osteopenia, recurrent fracture of long bones, and scoliosis. So far, there is no definitive cure for the skeletal defects in Job syndrome, and treatments are limited to management of clinical symptoms only. Here, we have investigated the molecular mechanism whereby Stat3 regulates skeletal development and osteoblast differentiation. We showed that removing Stat3 function in the developing limb mesenchyme or osteop

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Berliguzhin, Maksot Tynyshtykovich. "Study of the remains of the southern elephant Archidiskodon merdionalis gromovi in alluvial deposits of the lower reaches of the Ural River (Zhaiyk)." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 4 (December 15, 2022): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2022-4-33-41.

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Relevance. The first scientific data on the remains in the region of Western Kazakhstan in the Pleistocene period date back to the 18th century. According to the literature data, the presence of large animal fossils in the Ural (Zhaiyk) River has been known since Pallas’ journey (1786), when it was first established that the bones of the first bison and mammoths were often washed out from the banks of the Ural (Zhaiyk) River. The well-preserved remains of elephants make it possible to determine the systematic state of the finds. A lot of work has been done on fossil elephants of the Eurasian m

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Amson, Eli. "Overall Bone Structure as Assessed by Slice-by-Slice Profile." Evolutionary Biology 46, no. 4 (2019): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-019-09486-6.

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Abstract Quantifying the inner structure of bones is central to various analyses dealing with the phenotypic evolution of animals with an ossified skeleton. Computed tomography allows to assess the repartition of bone tissue within an entire skeletal element. Two parameters of importance for such analyses are the global compactness (Cg) and total cross-sectional area (Tt.Ar). However, no open-source, time-efficient methods are available to acquire these parameters for whole bones. A methodology to assess the variation of these parameters along a profile following one of the studied bone’s anat

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Pawar, Eknath D., and Ravi Patel. "A rare presentation site for osteochondroma scapula and pelvis, intramembranous ossifying bones of axial skeleton: case series." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 9, no. 4 (2023): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20232004.

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Osteochondroma is the most common primary bone tumour comprising over 33% of benign bone tumours. The formation of osteochondroma occurs because of exophytic protuberance on the surface of growing bones. The most common sites for osteochondroma are the distal femur, proximal tibia, and proximal humerus. We are presenting a case series of three patients with rare presentation sites of osteochondroma, scapula and pelvis. Osteochondroma is primarily disease of appendicular skeleton but we are reporting it in axial skeleton. Radiographic findings include fluffy cartilaginous outgrowth arising from

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Çevik-Demirkan, A., V. Özdemir, İ. Türkmenoğlu, and İ. Demirkan. "Anatomy of the Hind Limb Skeleton of the Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 4 (2007): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776040501.

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This study aimed to document the detailed features of the hind limb bones in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). Twenty chinchillas (10 females and 10 males) were used. Animals were euthanized and X-ray of appendicular skeleton of pelvis was taken immediately. Then the bones were macerated. The iliac wing was considerably long and the gluteal line formed a distinct crista. The sacropelvic surface (facies sacropelvina) was not observed, however, the iliac tuberosity (tuberositas iliaca) was evident. While the average distance between the midacetabulum and the tuber coxae (ventral iliac spine) wa

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Reed, Elizabeth H. "Disarticulation of kangaroo skeletons in semi-arid Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 6 (2001): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01010.

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This study presents a natural disarticulation sequence for the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus, from surface bone assemblages in semi-arid South Australia. Comparison with published disarticulation sequences for African ungulates reveals significant differences in the kangaroo sequence, including earlier disarticulation of the forelimb long bones, carpus and cervical elements, and later disarticulation of the caudal vertebrae, and hindlimb long bones. These differences closely correspond to anatomical and morphological features of the kangaroo skeleton. The results of this study su

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A, Prasanth Babu, Karunasri V, Supriya B, and Sai Urmila T. "Macro-anatomical Studies on the Pelvic Limb Skeleton of the Indian Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus)." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 17 (2024): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i174380.

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The aim of the study is to document the anatomical details of bones of pelvic limb of Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus). Six adult Indian mongooses are collected for the present study and which died due to natural causes. The bones are collected by fresh water maceration technique. The macro-anatomy of bones of pelvic limb is studied after fresh water maceration and cleaning. The anatomy of pelvic limb bones is found to be similar in structure to the other carnivores and some rodents that have been studied. Oscoxae, the bone of pelvic girdle is sturdy and the ilium and ischium runs paralle

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SENGUPTA, SARADEE, and DHURJATI P. SENGUPTA. "TAPHONOMY AND DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF THE SHRINGASAURUS INDICUS (ARCHOSAUROMORPHA: ALLOKOTOSAURIA) BONEBED FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC DENWA FORMATION, SATPURA GONDWANA BASIN, INDIA." PALAIOS 36, no. 11 (2021): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.013.

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ABSTRACT A bonebed of multiple skeletons of the Triassic horned reptile Shringasaurus indicus was discovered in the upper Denwa Formation, Satpura Gondwana Basin, India. The monotaxic bonebed contains multiple individuals of different ontogenic stages indicating herding behavior by Shringasaurus indicus. The herd was a mixed-sex herd. The adult and sub-adult bones in the bonebed exceed the number of juvenile bones. The distribution of the bones was slightly patchy, bones of different individuals were admixed, and several bones were piled up implying mass mortality. The bonebed occurs in a fine

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Levi, G., P. Topilko, S. Schneider-Maunoury, et al. "Defective bone formation in Krox-20 mutant mice." Development 122, no. 1 (1996): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.1.113.

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Endochondral ossification is the prevalent mode of vertebrate skeleton formation; it starts during embryogenesis when cartilage models of long bones develop central regions of hypertrophy which are replaced by bony trabeculae and bone marrow. Although several transcription factors have been implicated in pattern formation in the limbs and axial skeleton, little is known about the transcriptional regulations involved in bone formation. We have created a null allele in the mouse Krox-20 gene, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor, by in frame insertion of the E. coli lacZ gene and sho

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Golovachev, Mikhail. "The skeleton of Bison priscus (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Bovidae) from the Singil deposits near the village of Kosika, Astrakhan Region of Russia." Science in the South of Russia 20, no. 4 (2024): 116. https://doi.org/10.7868/s25000640240415.

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The skeleton of an adult male Bison priscus cf. priscus, which was excavated in the Kosika locality in the Astrakhan Region in 2009, is described. The find was confined to a layer of Singil dark gray clays. The age of the enclosing sediments formed during the final regressive stage of the Early Khazar basin development dates back to the second half of the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 7-6). Remains of other representatives of the Khazar faunal complex come from this strata. The skeleton consists of most part of the bones, but the skull is damaged; horny cores are absent. The description uses data on

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N., Serdyuk. "IDENTIFICATION OF SOME SPECIES OF SMALL MAMMALS FROM THE CAVES OF NORTHWESTERN ALTAI BY LONG BONES OF THE FORELIMBS." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 37, no. 1 (2025): 248–74. https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2025)37(1).-13.

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The article presents the results of studies of the forelimb skeleton of the most common small mammals in fossil form from cave deposits of the Northwestern Altai: the northern pika Ochotona hyperborea, the Altai mole Talpa (Asioscalops) altaica, the red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris, the flying squirrel Pteromys volans, the long-tailed ground squirrel Spermophilus undulatus, the common hamster Cricetus cricetus, the Altai zokor Myospalax myospalax and the water vole Arvicola amphibius. The dependence of the limb anatomy on the animal’s locomotion modes is shown. The main differences at the genus i

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Lucas, Spencer G., and Robert M. Schoch. "Ontogenetic studies of early Cenozoic Coryphodon (Mammalia, Pantodonta)." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 5 (1990): 831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019028.

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Juvenile specimens of the Paleocene–Eocene pantodont Coryphodon provide more extensive ontogenetic information for this genus than is available for other Paleocene–Eocene mammals. The dental eruption sequence for Coryphodon is: 1) (DC11, DI1–31–3); 2) DP44; 3) DP33; 4) DP22; 5) (M11, I33); 6) DP11, 7) M22; 8) P44; 9) P33; 10) (P22, I11?); 11) C11; 12) (M33, I22) (eruption sequence of tooth positions in parentheses is uncertain). The DP11 of Coryphodon do not have permanent successors. No significant, qualitative morphological variation can be detected in deciduous cheek teeth of Coryphodon, an

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MUTLU, ZIHNI, ALEKSANDER CHRÓSZCZ, DIDAR AYDIN KAYA, et al. "Correlation between long-bone dimensions and body mass in cats." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 81, no. 02 (2025): 6950–2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6950.

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Body mass significantly influences morphology in both humans and animals. The relations between the body mass and osteometric measurements of the skeleton can show adaptive changes in the animal skeleton due to body mass changes. This relationship had previously been analysed in dogs. The lack of such studies in cats encouraged us to investigate this topic. Radiogrammetric measurements were performed in live animals of both sexes (16 females and 20 males) in both dorsopalmar/dorsoplantar and mediolateral projections Morphometric measurements were performed for almost all long bones, e.g. the h

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SHIBATTA, OSCAR AKIO, and HUGO SUM DE SOUZA FILHO. "Osteology of the long-whiskered catfish Iheringichthys labrosus Lütken, 1874 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) from the upper Paraná River basin, southern Brazil." Zootaxa 5601, no. 3 (2025): 429–50. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5601.3.2.

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Iheringichthys labrosus is a catfish from the Paraná River basin with a peculiar conical snout, small mouth, thin premaxillary dentigerous plate, and broad upper lip folded posteriorly, differing from other genera of the Pimelodidae except for the monotypic Bergiaria. This comprehensive study on cleared and stained specimens and dry skeletons of Iheringichthys labrosus demonstrates many similarities with Pimelodus maculatus, showing a conservative skeleton with differences only in the shape of buccal apparatus bones. Bergiaria westermanni diverges from I. labrosus only by a reduced premaxilla

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Ehrenkranz, Joel, and Michael A. Levine. "Bones and Joints: The Effects of Cannabinoids on the Skeleton." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 10 (2019): 4683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00665.

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Abstract Context The endocannabinoid system uses tissue-specific lipid ligands and G protein‒coupled transmembrane receptors to regulate neurologic, metabolic, and immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate that the endocannabinoid system influences bone metabolism. With the increasing use of endocannabinoid mimetics (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol), the involvement of endocannabinoids in bone growth and remodeling has become clinically relevant. Evidence Acquisition This literature review is based on a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases as of June 2019 for all English

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Strøm, Thale M. Asp, Anette Torød Skeie, Ingvild Koren Lobmaier, and Olga Zaikova. "Giant Cell Tumor: A Rare Condition in the Immature Skeleton—A Retrospective Study of Symptoms, Treatment, and Outcome in 16 Children." Sarcoma 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3079835.

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Background. Pediatric giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is rare and the course of the disease in the immature skeleton is sparsely described. We performed a retrospective study addressing symptoms, treatment, and outcome in children with GCT.Methods. Review of medical records and images of patients with GCT. Patients were detected from our hospital prospective database and those with open epiphyseal cartilages were included.Results. 16 children (75% girls) from 6 to 15 years old were identified. Eight lesions (50%) were in long bones and 4 (25%) in flat bones. One lesion appeared to be purely epi

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Slesarenko, Natalya A., and Elena O. Shirokova. "X-ray diagnostics of the structural and functional state of the sable skeleton in the cellular maintenance regime." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 11/2, no. 131 (2024): 6–12. https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202411201.

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The article presents original X-ray anatomical data on the growth and development of long tubular bones in a cell-bred sable in postnatal ontogenesis. It is shown that the age period of 2-4 years is a critical period of ontogenesis for an animal, since it is accompanied by a slowdown in growth processes in the skeleton associated with a violation of the processes of internal bone reconstruction, which leads to the development of osteopenia, which transforms into osteoporosis. The material for the research was the long tubular bones of the stylo- and zeigopodium of the pelvic limb. A comprehens

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Mikita, Grzegorz, Michalina Jagoda Lizoń, Julia Gąsiorowska, et al. "Diagnostic Methods Used in Detecting Syphilis in Paleopathological Research—A Literature Review." Diagnostics 15, no. 9 (2025): 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15091116.

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Syphilis is a disease caused by Treponema pallidum. It is primarily transmitted sexually or vertically during pregnancy. The origin is twofold, namely, it comes from America or Europe. Syphilis was first recorded in a human skeleton in the 11th century. However, signs of treponemal disease were observed in osteological material from a Pleistocene bear. Hence, it is necessary to study syphilis on bone material to better understand the etiology of the above disease and, consequently, introduce preventive measures. Examination of syphilis on skeletal material can be performed at the macroscopic a

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Rudnickaitė, Eugenija. "THE IMPORTANCE OF EXCLUSIVE GEOLOGICAL EXHIBITS FOR UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 15, no. 1 (2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/18.15.31.

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Vilnius University Geology museum resources are perfectly fit for: education, geoscientific knowledge propagation, informal natural science education (Rudnickaitė, 2007; 2012; ect.). An idea to popularize and spread natural science, had been realized by a three month display of an unique exhibit. Thanks to JSC „PALEO GROUP“ (director Michail Ivanov) Anjou mammoth „Gosha“ becomes a hero of this exibition. Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius Skeleton length-5 m, height-3.1 m, weight 595 kg. Tusks length-4 m, weight of each -65 kg, diameter -16 cm Expedition of Yuzefovich V. F. and Yuri Chumakin

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Gucev, Z., G. Kalcev, N. Laban, et al. "Characteristic diagnostic clues of metatropic dysplasia: The lumbothoracic humpback with dumbbell appearance of the long bones." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 21, no. 2 (2018): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2018-0025.

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Abstract Metatropic dysplasia (MD) is a rare skeletal dysplasia associated with heterozygous mutations in the TRPV4 gene. We describe a 28-month-old boy with knock-knees referred for metabolic investigation suspected of carrying vitamin D-resistant rickets. He has received regular vitamin D prophylaxis at the usual dose. Laboratory investigations revealed normal values for calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. He was short (-3.5 SDS), his mental development was normal, and he started to walk at the age of 22 months. The diagnostic clue for the diagnosis of metatropic dysplasia was the

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Naples, Virginia L., David Breed, and Jon S. Miller. "A Skeleton Tells Its Own Story: Forensic Analyses of Skeletal Elements for the Science Classroom Laboratory." American Biology Teacher 72, no. 3 (2010): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.3.7.

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The techniques of forensic anthropology and pathology can provide new information to increase student interest in studying the structural details of the human skeleton. We present a simplified methodology for assessing skeletal ethnicity, sex, age, and stature. An inexpensive method has been devised for constructing an osteometric board to allow students to measure long bones accurately. The effects of aging and the influence of lifestyle alterations on skeletal elements are presented along with the prediction of their effects on the living individual. This laboratory is intended to acquaint s

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