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1

Anderson, D. D., and J. R. Juett. "Long length functions." Journal of Algebra 426 (March 2015): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2014.12.016.

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2

Zosim, D. I. "Engineering of long length CsI:Tl scintillators for high energy physics." Functional materials 22, no. 1 (April 20, 2015): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm22.01.140.

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3

Dixon, S. R., J. A. Ormiston, and M. W. I. Webster. "Long lesion length assessment." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis 45, no. 3 (November 1998): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0304(199811)45:3<299::aid-ccd17>3.0.co;2-4.

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4

Statman, David, Y. S. Kuo, John K. McIver, and William P. Latham. "Long coherence length interferometer." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 7 (July 1993): 1779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144010.

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5

Saito, Akira. "Long paths, long cycles, and their relative length." Journal of Graph Theory 30, no. 2 (February 1999): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0118(199902)30:2<91::aid-jgt3>3.0.co;2-8.

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6

Hughes, Kelly T. "Flagellum Length Control: How Long Is Long Enough?" Current Biology 27, no. 11 (June 2017): R413—R415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.008.

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7

Löhle, J., K. Mattenberger, O. Vogt, and P. Wachter. "YBa2Cu3Ox wires of long length." Cryogenics 30, no. 9 (September 1990): 806–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(90)90280-p.

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8

Lee, Jeong-Hwan. "Suggestion on the Optimal Length of Long Tunnels Considering Traffic Safety Characteristics." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 34, no. 1 (2014): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2014.34.1.0203.

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9

Völlm, Birgit. "How long is (too) long?" BJPsych Bulletin 43, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2019.24.

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SummaryForensic psychiatric services care for patients who present with a mental disorder as well as a risk to themselves or others, and have usually been convicted of an offence. Their needs are complex and the length of stay (LoS) in forensic settings is long. LoS is affected by patient factors as well as legal and policy issues. Owing to the considerable economic and ethical issues surrounding lengthy stays in highly restrictive settings, it is crucial that a strategy is developed for how to deal with this patient group.Declaration of interestNone.
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10

Kapustyan, A. E. "Manufacture of long-length semi-products from sintered titanium alloys using friction welding." Paton Welding Journal 2015, no. 4 (April 28, 2015): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2015.04.07.

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11

de Laborde, R. M. "Long Length Timber and its Transport." South African Forestry Journal 154, no. 1 (September 1990): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1990.9629056.

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12

Wilson, David, Diane Kemp, Nick Howe, and Harriet Tolputt. "Long Arm's-Length of the Law." British Journalism Review 22, no. 4 (December 2011): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956474811432398.

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13

Hellman, F., A. L. Shapiro, E. N. Abarra, R. A. Robinson, R. P. Hjelm, P. A. Seeger, J. J. Rhyne, and J. I. Suzuki. "Long ferromagnetic correlation length in amorphousTbFe2." Physical Review B 59, no. 17 (May 1, 1999): 11408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.59.11408.

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14

Gurina, T. V., V. N. Rudykina, I. N. Kurskaya, S. M. Itkin, O. P. D’yachenko, S. I. Tikhonov, and I. L. Shkarupa. "Long-length ceramic tubes for metallurgy." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 46, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-005-0034-1.

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15

Cameron, Hugh U. "Managing Length: The 'Too Long' Leg." Orthopedics 20, no. 9 (September 1997): 791–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19970901-15.

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16

Kim, Yong Gil, Kyung-Jo Kim, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, and Jin-Ho Kim. "Intermediate-length colonoscope needs more training duration than long-length colonoscope." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 49, no. 8 (June 24, 2014): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2013.856465.

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17

Duan Yaxuan, 段亚轩, 陈永权 Chen Yongquan, 赵建科 Zhao Jianke, 李坤 Li Kun, 田留德 Tian Liude, and 张洁 Zhang Jie. "Focal Length Testing Method of Long Focal Length Laser Optical System." Chinese Journal of Lasers 40, no. 4 (2013): 0408005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201340.0408005.

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18

Wang, San. "Long-Short-Long Games in mRNA Identification: The Length Matters." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920108785915166.

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19

Lank, David B., Cailin Xu, Brian A. Harrington, Richard I. Guy Morrison, Cheri L. Gratto-Trevor, Peter W. Hicklin, Brett K. Sandercock, et al. "Long-term continental changes in wing length, but not bill length, of a long-distance migratory shorebird." Ecology and Evolution 7, no. 9 (April 4, 2017): 3243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2898.

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20

Sadeq Ali, Liqaa'. "SENTENCE LENGTH." Al-Adab Journal, no. 134 (September 15, 2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i134.1079.

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Writers usually exert many efforts in writing sentences with the proper length. Some of them stick to short sentences, which can make their writing looks choppy. Others like to write with long sentences, which can make the writing seems long-winded or wordy, even if it is not. In English language, the length of a sentence refers to how many words are there in that sentence. In almost all formulas, this number is used to estimate how much the sentence is difficult. Still, sometimes, a short sentence shows more difficulty to be read than a long one. Sometimes, longer sentences lead to facilitate comprehension, especially those that contain coordinate structures. This study discusses the basic grammatical notion of sentence, and its length from different points of view. Innumerable definitions of sentence exist and some of these are presented here to get a workable definition to this key term. A definition of sentence length is also presented. Different treatments of the so called sentence length are to be discussed . The various techniques , that have been devised to deal with the sentence in different types of texts as to get better writings, are accounted for in this study . These points are discussed to reach the end , i.e. the conclusion of good sentence length .
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21

Weinblatt, Herbert, Erik Minge, and Scott Petersen. "Length-Based Vehicle Classification Schemes and Length Bin Boundaries." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2339, no. 1 (January 2013): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2339-03.

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Vehicle classification data are an important component of traffic-monitoring programs. Although most vehicle classification conducted in the United States is axle based, some applications could be supplemented or replaced by length-based data. The typically higher deployment cost and reliability issues associated with collecting axle-based data as compared with length-based data present a challenge. This paper reports on analyses of alternative length-based vehicle classification schemes and appropriate length bin boundaries. The primary analyses use data from a set of 13 Long-Term Pavement Performance weigh-in-motion sites, all in rural areas; additional analyses are conducted with data from 11 Michigan Department of Transportation weigh-in-motion sites located in rural and small urban areas and one site located in an urbanized area. For most states, the recommended length-based vehicle classification scheme is a four-bin scheme (motorcycles, short, medium, and long) with an optional very long bin recommended for use by states in which significant numbers of longer combination vehicles operate.
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22

Galtarossa, Andrea, Luca Palmieri, Marco Schiano, and Tiziana Tambosso. "Measurements of beat length and perturbation length in long single-mode fibers." Optics Letters 25, no. 6 (March 15, 2000): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.000384.

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23

Bazinet, Adam L., and Michael P. Cummings. "Subdividing Long-Running, Variable-Length Analyses Into Short, Fixed-Length BOINC Workunits." Journal of Grid Computing 14, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10723-015-9348-5.

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24

Aguiar, C., J. Davidson, A. K. Carvalho, V. C. Iamonti, F. Cortopassi, O. A. Nascimento, and J. R. Jardim. "Tubing Length for Long-Term Oxygen Therapy." Respiratory Care 60, no. 2 (November 18, 2014): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/respcare.03454.

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25

Volkov, Eduard P., Vitaly S. Vysotsky, and Valery P. Firsov. "First Russian long length HTS power cable." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 482 (November 2012): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2012.04.024.

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26

Tehan, Gerald, and Georgina Anne Tolan. "Word length effects in long-term memory." Journal of Memory and Language 56, no. 1 (January 2007): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.015.

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27

Marrone, M. J. "Polarisation holding in long-length polarising fibres." Electronics Letters 21, no. 6 (1985): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850174.

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28

Floegel-Delor, U., T. Riedel, D. Wippich, B. Goebel, R. Rothfeld, P. Schirrmeister, F. N. Werfel, A. Usoskin, and A. Rutt. "Long-Length Coated Conductor Copper Plating Fabrication." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 23, no. 3 (June 2013): 6602204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2013.2244635.

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29

Bottura, L., M. Ciotti, P. Gislon, M. Spadoni, P. Bellucci, L. Muzzi, S. Turtu, et al. "Stability in a long length NbTi CICC." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 1542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.920070.

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30

Gardner, J. H., M. J. Herbst, F. C. Young, J. A. Stamper, S. P. Obenschain, C. K. Manka, K. J. Kearney, J. Grun, D. Duston, and P. G. Burkhalter. "Laser interaction in long-scale-length plasmas." Physics of Fluids 29, no. 4 (1986): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865880.

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31

Stevens, Mark J. "The long persistence length of model tubules." Journal of Chemical Physics 147, no. 4 (July 25, 2017): 044902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4994913.

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32

Sasaki, Y. "Long-length low-loss polarization-maintaining fibers." Journal of Lightwave Technology 5, no. 9 (1987): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.1987.1075653.

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33

Aghdaie, B., and B. Sheu. "The long and short of channel length." IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine 15, no. 5 (1999): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/101.795092.

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34

Gui, Yupeng, and Theodore Kuwana. "Long optical path length thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 222, no. 1-2 (May 1987): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(87)80296-6.

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35

Kociancic, Todd, and Michael D. Reed. "Acetaminophen Intoxication and Length of Treatment: How Long Is Long Enough?" Pharmacotherapy 23, no. 8 (August 2003): 1052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.23.8.1052.32884.

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36

Walsh, Denis. "How long is too long? Prohibitions on the length of labour." British Journal of Midwifery 13, no. 12 (December 2005): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2005.13.12.20119.

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37

Chunxiang Jin, Chunxiang Jin, Shijie Liu Shijie Liu, You Zhou You Zhou, Xueke Xu Xueke Xu, Chaoyang Wei Chaoyang Wei, and Jianda Shao Jianda Shao. "Study on measurement of medium and low spatial wavefront errors of long focal length lens." Chinese Optics Letters 12, s2 (2014): S21203–321209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.s21203.

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38

Primeau, Charlotte, Laila Friis, Birgitte Sejrsen, and Niels Lynnerup. "A method for estimating age of Danish medieval sub-adults based on long bone length." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 69, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2012/0168.

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39

Bücker, Matthias, and Andreas Hördt. "Long and short narrow pore models for membrane polarization." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): E299—E314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0548.1.

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Many recent approaches to derive hydraulic soil and rock parameters from spectral induced polarization data are based on the determination of the characteristic time of measured impedance spectra. The characteristic time, sometimes also termed relaxation time, depends on the characteristic length scale of the pore geometry. One commonly used theory describing the complex electrical impedance of porous media is the membrane polarization. The pore space is modeled as a sequence of wide and narrow pores with different anion and cation mobilities. A question of particular interest is the dependence of the characteristic time on the pore lengths. The dominance of diffusion processes leads to a quadratic dependence of the characteristic time on the length scale of the pore system. However, analytical and numerical studies revealed an inconsistency concerning the pore length that determines the characteristic time. Whereas the analytical short narrow pore (SNP) model predicts a dependence on the length of the narrow pore, the length of the wide pore dominates in various numerical studies. We propose a new SNP model, which involves fewer assumptions concerning the ionic mobilities. Our new SNP model is a special case of the Cole-Cole impedance. Its characteristic time is controlled by the length of the narrow pore. A second model is derived for the case of long narrow pores and termed the long narrow pore model. The resulting impedance compares, but is not equal to a special case of the Cole-Davidson impedance and its characteristic time varies with the length of the wide pore. Both new models are special cases of the Marshall-Madden impedance for membrane polarization. The limitation of their respective validity with respect to certain combinations of mobilities and pore lengths, allows for the coexistence of both behaviors and resolves the apparent contradiction between theoretical and numerical studies.
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40

Поверенная, И. В., and I. V. Poverennaya. "Intron Sliding and Length Variability of Genes Enriched of Phase 1 Long Introns." Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 12, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2017.12.302.

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Due to high mutagenesis of intron sequences, intron evolution is usually considered in terms of evolution of exon-intron structures (EIS). The shifting of intron over short distances (rare evolutionary event called intron sliding) could lead to the change of intron phase, i.e. the intron position relative to the open reading frame. Here we analyze the EIS from four datasets of eukaryotic orthologues in order to find out the preferable choice of intron phase during sliding and to study the correlation between orthologous intron lengths. To identify the orthologous introns we have constructed the alignments of EIS of orthologous genes. Several sliding events with intron phase change were revealed from the analysis; however, our initial hypothesis that in the process of sliding introns prefer to change its phase to 0 more frequently, was not been confirmed. Nevertheless, it is necessary to expand the analysis on a larger dataset for making a proper conclusions. Despite high variability of intron length, some taxonomic groups share the similar length values. Moreover, some length conservation could be observed if instead of intron length L we consider a normalized length N = (L-A)/A, where A is an average length within an orthologous intron group. E.g. for ptprd genes of birds (28 species) the normalized value is in the interval (-0.15, 0.15) for 85.2 % of introns what is significantly higher than the values for random lengths set in accordance with the intron lengths distribution. That length “conservation” leads us to the question what intron length was in the ancient introns.
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41

Zhao Lei, 赵磊, 白剑 Bai Jian, and 方卫栋 Fang Weidong. "Focal Length Measurement Method for Lenses with Small Aperture and Long Focal Length." Acta Optica Sinica 40, no. 4 (2020): 0412002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202040.0412002.

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42

Zhao, Emma Jane, Apurva Yeluru, Lakshman Manjunath, Lei Ray Zhong, Hsiao-Tieh Hsu, Charles K. Lee, Anny C. Wong, et al. "A long wait: barriers to discharge for long length of stay patients." Postgraduate Medical Journal 94, no. 1116 (October 2018): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135815.

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IntroductionReducing long length of stay (LLOS, or inpatient stays lasting over 30 days) is an important way for hospitals to improve cost efficiency, bed availability and health outcomes. Discharge delays can cost hundreds to thousands of dollars per patient, and LLOS represents a burden on bed availability for other potential patients. However, most research studies investigating discharge barriers are not LLOS-specific. Of those that do, nearly all are limited by further patient subpopulation focus or small sample size. To our knowledge, our study is the first to describe LLOS discharge barriers in an entire Department of Medicine.MethodsWe conducted a chart review of 172 LLOS patients in the Department of Medicine at an academic tertiary care hospital and quantified the most frequent causes of delay as well as factors causing the greatest amount of delay time. We also interviewed healthcare staff for their perceptions on barriers to discharge.ResultsDischarge site coordination was the most frequent cause of delay, affecting 56% of patients and accounting for 80% of total non-medical postponement days. Goals of care issues and establishment of follow-up care were the next most frequent contributors to delay.ConclusionTogether with perspectives from interviewed staff, these results highlight multiple different areas of opportunity for reducing LLOS and maximising the care capacity of inpatient hospitals.
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43

Bakenecker, Patrick, Brent J. Raiteri, and Daniel Hahn. "Force enhancement in the human vastus lateralis is muscle-length-dependent following stretch but not during stretch." European Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 12 (September 5, 2020): 2597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04488-1.

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Abstract Purpose Force enhancement is the phenomenon of increased forces during (transient force enhancement; tFE) and after (residual force enhancement; rFE) eccentric muscle actions compared with fixed-end contractions. Although tFE and rFE have been observed at short and long muscle lengths, whether both are length-dependent remains unclear in vivo. Methods We determined maximal-effort vastus lateralis (VL) force-angle relationships of eleven healthy males and selected one knee joint angle at a short and long muscle lengths where VL produced approximately the same force (85% of maximum). We then examined tFE and rFE at these two lengths during and following the same amount of knee joint rotation. Results We found tFE at both short (11.7%, P = 0.017) and long (15.2%, P = 0.001) muscle lengths. rFE was only observed at the long (10.6%, P < 0.001; short: 1.3%, P = 0.439) muscle length. Ultrasound imaging revealed that VL muscle fascicle stretch magnitude was greater at long compared with short muscle lengths (mean difference: (tFE) 1.7 mm, (rFE) 1.9 mm, P ≤ 0.046), despite similar isometric VL forces across lengths (P ≥ 0.923). Greater fascicle stretch magnitude was likely to be due to greater preload forces at the long compared with short muscle length (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion At a similar isometric VL force capacity, tFE was not muscle-length-dependent at the lengths we tested, whereas rFE was greater at longer muscle length. We speculate that the in vivo mechanical factors affecting tFE and rFE are different and that greater stretch of a passive component is likely contributing more to rFE at longer muscle lengths.
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44

Lutfy, Justyn, Alexis Pietak, Shaun D. Mendenhall, and Michael W. Neumeister. "Clinical Application of Mathematical Long Bone Ratios to Calculate Appropriate Donor Limb Lengths in Bilateral Upper Limb Transplantation." HAND 14, no. 4 (January 24, 2018): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944717753672.

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Background: Limited methods exist to aid in deciding the appropriate donor limb lengths in bilateral upper limb amputees qualifying for vascularized composite allotransplantation. We hypothesized mathematical equations could be created using long bone length ratios, and applied to radiographs, to approximate the patient’s limb length prior to amputation. Methods: A data set of 30 skeletons’ unilateral upper limb long bones measured using osteometric board and calipers was used. Anatomic segment ratios were calculated based on humerus length after multivariate linear regression analysis. For clinical application testing, 5 cadavers’ upper limbs were radiographed. Radiographic bone lengths were then measured along the long axis of each long bone. These measured radiographic lengths were then compared with the predicted bone lengths, generated from the skeleton data set ratios, for each cadaver. Results: The chi-square goodness-of-fit test showed excellent fit ( P < .01) between the predicted and radiographically measured lengths for the 5 cadavers, and interobserver measurements showed no statistical difference. Depending on the cadaver, percent error in total limb length predicted to measure ranged from 0.9% to 2.7%. The variables to multiply an individual humerus length to calculate a given anatomic segment thus proved to be effective. Conclusions: If a bilateral upper limb amputee has 1 intact humerus, ratios to the humerus length can be reliably applied to calculate the preamputation limb length based on the patient’s radiographic humerus length. These formulas are indicated for finding the appropriate limb lengths, and smaller anatomic segments, for donor-recipient matching in upper limb transplantation.
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45

Liu, Jingqian, Syukri Shukor, Shuxiang Li, Alfred Tamayo, Lorenzo Tosi, Benjamin Larman, Vikas Nanda, Wilma K. Olson, and Biju Parekkadan. "Computational Simulation of Adapter Length-Dependent LASSO Probe Capture Efficiency." Biomolecules 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9050199.

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Multiplexed cloning of long DNA sequences is a valuable technique in many biotechnology applications, such as long-read genome sequencing and the creation of open reading frame (ORF) libraries. Long-adapter single-stranded oligonucleotide (LASSO) probes have shown promise as a tool to clone long DNA fragments. LASSO probes are molecular inversion probes (MIP) engineered with an adapter region of user-defined length, flanked between template-specific probe sequences. Herein, we demonstrate that the adapter length is a key feature of LASSO that influences the efficiency of gene capture and cloning. Furthermore, we applied a model based on Monte Carlo molecular simulation in order to study the relationship between the long-adapter length of LASSO and capture enrichment. Our results suggest that the adapter length is a factor that contributes to the free energy of target–probe interaction, thereby determining the efficiency of capture. The results indicate that LASSOs with extremely long adapters cannot capture the targets well. They also suggest that targets of different lengths may prefer adapters of different lengths.
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46

Chung, K. B., B. Y. Ahn, J. K. Park, N. J. Lee, and W. H. Suh. "Length determination of long bone by CT scanogram." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 22, no. 2 (1986): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.1986.22.2.254.

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47

Yatsun, E. I., N. P. Anikeeva, and I. S. Karnaukhov. "Increase in Processing Efficiency of Long-Length Shafts." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 23, no. 1 (June 8, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-1-43-53.

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48

Xie, Liang, and Bin Tang. "Analysis of Effective Length of Super-Long Pile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.370.

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In recent years, the application of super-long piles gradually increased, therefore the research about effective pile length is imminent. This paper summarized the meaning of effective pile length from two different points, bearing capacity and settlement. Analyzed its application and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the various effective pile length calculation methods, it has the important guiding significance and application value to the reasonable pile length design of the present actual project.
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49

Zhang Ruirui, 张蕊蕊, and 沈为民 Shen Weimin. "Long Focal-Length Optical System Using Annular Aperture." Acta Optica Sinica 30, no. 4 (2010): 1140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20103004.1140.

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50

Post, David M. "The long and short of food-chain length." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17, no. 6 (June 2002): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02455-2.

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