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Journal articles on the topic 'Long pathlength'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

COLLINS, G., Q. LU, N. PEREIRA, and P. WU. "Long pathlength, three-dimensional absorbance microchip." Talanta 72, no. 1 (2007): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.10.015.

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2

Delport, D. J., J. H. Potgieter, W. G. Augustyn, and J. H. Prior. "Die ontwikkeling van ’n korrosiebestande langpadlengte-infrarooisel Deel I: Konstruksieparameters en -oorwegings." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 22, no. 2/3 (2003): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v22i2/3.216.

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Hierdie artikel beskryf die konstruksie van ’n langpadlengte-infrarooisel wat gebruik kan word om korrosiewe gasmengsels kwalitatief en kwantitatief te analiseer. Die vereistes waaraan so ’n sel moet voldoen, word kortliks bespreek en die ontwerp word beskryf met spesifieke verwysing na geskikte materiale vir die spieël, die optimisering van die padlengte en die bepaling van die maksimum seinversterking. Na bepaling van die nodige ontwerpparameters, is dit uit vlekvrye staal gekonstrueer en in bedryf gestel.AbstractThe development of a corrosion resistant long pathlength infrared cell Part I:

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3

Schwab, Scott D., and Richard L. McCreery. "Remote, Long-Pathlength Cell for High-Sensitivity Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 1 (1987): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874868089.

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Fiber optics were used to interface a Raman spectrometer to a long (1 m) sample tube, with the objective being increased sensitivity. Internal reflection of the laser light and the Raman scatter within the sample tube permitted a long solution length to be sampled, increasing the Raman sensitivity by factors of 30–50 over conventional capillary tube sampling systems. In addition, the sample was subjected to much lower power densities than with systems employing a focused beam, thus minimizing radiation damage. Detection limits of 10−9 to 10−8 M were achieved for resonance Raman scatterers, and

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4

Brereton, G. J. "Optimal seeding for long pathlength multi-component laser Doppler anemometers." Experiments in Fluids 15, no. 6 (1993): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00191777.

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5

Stellman, C. M., F. Bucholtz, K. J. Ewing, and I. D. Aggarwal. "A fiber-optic pipette for rapid long-pathlength capillary spectroscopy." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 46, no. 1 (1998): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(97)00329-8.

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6

Michel, Anna P. M., David J. Miller, Kang Sun, Lei Tao, Levi Stanton, and Mark A. Zondlo. "Long-Path Quantum Cascade Laser–Based Sensor for Methane Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 11 (2016): 2373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0024.1.

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AbstractA long-path methane (CH4) sensor was developed and field deployed using an 8-μm quantum cascade laser. The high optical power (40 mW) of the laser allowed for path-integrated measurements of ambient CH4 at total pathlengths from 100 to 1200 m with the use of a retroreflector. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy was used to make high-precision measurements of atmospheric pressure–broadened CH4 absorption over these long distances. An in-line reference cell with higher harmonic detection provided metrics of system stability in rapidly changing and harsh environments. The system consumed l

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7

Ma, Jian, and Robert H. Byrne. "Flow injection analysis of nanomolar silicate using long pathlength absorbance spectroscopy." Talanta 88 (January 2012): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.019.

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8

Paprocki, E. D., B. K. Keller, C. P. Palmer, W. R. Laws, and M. D. DeGrandpre. "Characterization of long pathlength capillary waveguides for evanescent fluorescence sensing applications." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 135, no. 1 (2008): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.08.014.

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9

WADA, SHUJI, TOMOKI KAWATSU, YUYA HASHIZUME, TOMOKI YABUTANI, and JUNKO MOTONAKA. "A LONG PATHLENGTH SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TEGAFUR DETECTOR USING A LIQUID-CORE WAVEGUIDE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (2006): 4046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206040830.

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A Liquid-Core Waveguide (LCW) detection system for high sensitive determination of tegaful (FT) was developed. In this system the LCW cell was connected to the end of a hollow cathode lump and the other end to a UV spectrometer. A sample solution containing FT was pumped to the LCW cell through a T-shaped connector. A UV absorption of analyte was detected by the UV spectrometer. The configuration of connectors of LCW cell to the light source and the UV detector was designed. Stable and high responses of FT were obtained in a double tube system in which an edge of LCW cell was covered with anot

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10

Gui, John Y., Glen W. Hance, and Theodore Kuwana. "Long optical pathlength thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry: study of homogeneous chemical reactions." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 309, no. 1-2 (1991): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(91)87005-o.

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11

Cartisano, Carmen M., Rossana Del Vecchio, and Neil V. Blough. "A calibration/validation protocol for long/multi-pathlength capillary waveguide spectrometers." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 16, no. 11 (2018): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10282.

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12

Van Engelen, Debra L., Anthony K. Adams, and Lawrence C. Thomas. "Long pathlength ultraviolet absorbance detection for gas chromatography with concurrent fluorescence measurement." Journal of Chromatography A 331 (January 1985): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(85)80008-x.

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13

Xie, Q. "Electrodeposition and stripping process by long optical pathlength potential-step transmission chronoabsorptometry." Talanta 41, no. 2 (1994): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(94)80118-5.

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14

Thanayutsiri, Thana, Thapakorn Charoenying, Prasopchai Patrojanasophon, et al. "Facile, sensitive and reagent-saving smartphone-based digital image colorimetric assay of captopril tablets enabled by long-pathlength RGB acquisition." Pharmacia 70, no. (4) (2023): 1511–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e114927.

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A new assay of captopril (CTP) tablets was developed based on digital image colorimetry using Ellman's reagent. For the first time, a facile technique of increasing the analytical path was applied in this work to enhance the sensitivity. For this purpose, the reaction solutions were photographed using a smartphone while they were contained in two 1-cm pathlength cuvettes which were placed side by side. The Red-Green-Blue (RGB) in term of [B/(R+G+B)] was used to plot a standard curve. Compared to using a single cuvette, double cuvettes resulted in more precise analytical signals and better line

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15

Kim, K. C., та M. J. Reisfeld. "High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Temperature-Controlled Long-Path Absorption Cell: The v3 Band of Uranium Hexafluoride at 16 μm". Applied Spectroscopy 39, № 6 (1985): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854249745.

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High-resolution UF6 absorption spectra at 16 μm have been obtained with the use of tunable diode lasers and a long-pathlength (∼103-m) sample cell. The frequencies of the v3 Q-branch subband heads for both 238UF6 and 235UF6 have been determined, along with those for the ( v3 + v6) – v6 “hot-band” transition. Band contour studies have been carried out as a function of temperature, and comparisons are made with previous work.

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16

Byrne, Robert H., and Eric Kaltenbacher. "Use of liquid core waveguides for long pathlength absorbance spectroscopy: Principles and practice." Limnology and Oceanography 46, no. 3 (2001): 740–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.3.0740.

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17

Goett, Johnny, James Napolitano, Minfang Yeh, et al. "Optical attenuation measurements in metal-loaded liquid scintillators with a long-pathlength photometer." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 637, no. 1 (2011): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.02.051.

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18

Wang, Zhaohui (Aleck), Yongchen Wang, Wei-Jun Cai, and Su-Yi Liu. "A long pathlength spectrophotometric pCO2 sensor using a gas-permeable liquid-core waveguide." Talanta 57, no. 1 (2002): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(02)00008-5.

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19

Lupetti, Karina Omuro, Fábio R. P. Rocha, and Orlando Fatibello-Filho. "An improved flow system for phenols determination exploiting multicommutation and long pathlength spectrophotometry." Talanta 62, no. 3 (2004): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2003.08.018.

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20

Infante, Carlos M. C., and Fábio R. P. Rocha. "A critical evaluation of a long pathlength cell for flow-based spectrophotometric measurements." Microchemical Journal 90, no. 1 (2008): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2008.02.006.

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21

Altkorn, Robert. "Short-Wave near Infrared Spectra of Liquids in a Waveguide Capillary Sample Cell." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 5, no. 1 (1997): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.98.

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A waveguide capillary cell (WCC) based on a small-diameter fused-silica tube coated externally with a low refractive index ( n = 1.31) fluoropolymer is described, and short-wave near infrared (700–1100 nm) spectra of low refractive index ( n = 1.33–1.38) liquids acquired at cell lengths between 4 and 190 cm are presented. It is shown that the WCC offers low baseline attenuation, sample volumes far smaller than those of conventional long pathlength cells and excellent compatibility with fibre optic spectrometers.

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22

Wu, Tao, Renzhi Hu, Pinhua Xie, et al. "A Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Ultra-Sensitive Trace Formaldehyde Detection System Based on Improved Dual-Incidence Multipass Gas Cell." Sensors 23, no. 12 (2023): 5643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125643.

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a tracer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and its concentration has gradually decreased with the reduction in VOC emissions in recent years, which puts forward higher requirements for the detection of trace HCHO. Therefore, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) with a central excitation wavelength of 5.68 μm was applied to detect the trace HCHO under an effective absorption optical pathlength of 67 m. An improved, dual-incidence multi-pass cell, with a simple structure and easy adjustment, was designed to further improve the absorption optical pathlength of the gas. The ins

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23

Wang, Zhaohui Aleck, Wei-Jun Cai, Yongchen Wang, and Bruce L. Upchurch. "A long pathlength liquid-core waveguide sensor for real-time pCO2 measurements at sea." Marine Chemistry 84, no. 1-2 (2003): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(03)00112-9.

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24

CALLAHAN, M., J. ROSE, and R. BYRNE. "Long pathlength absorbance spectroscopy: trace copper analysis using a 4.4 m liquid core waveguide." Talanta 58, no. 5 (2002): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(02)00403-4.

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25

Mertes, P., L. Pfaffenberger, J. Dommen, M. Kalberer, and U. Baltensperger. "Development of a sensitive long pathlength absorbance photometer to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles (Peroxide-LOPAP)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 1 (2012): 1431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-1431-2012.

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Abstract. A new off-line instrument to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles using iodometry in long pathlength absorption spectroscopy has been developed and is called peroxide long pathlength absorbance photometer (Peroxide-LOPAP). The new analytical setup features important technical innovations compared to hitherto published iodometric peroxide measurements. Firstly, the extraction, chemical conversion and measurement of the aerosol samples are performed in a closed oxygen-free (∼1 ppb) environment. Secondly, a 50-cm optical detection cell is used for an increased photometric sensitivity

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26

Waterbury, Robert D., Wensheng Yao, and Robert H. Byrne. "Long pathlength absorbance spectroscopy: trace analysis of Fe(II) using a 4.5m liquid core waveguide." Analytica Chimica Acta 357, no. 1-2 (1997): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00530-8.

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27

Stellman, C. M., K. J. Ewing, F. Bucholtz, and I. D. Aggarwal. "Determination of BTEX contaminants in water via a long-pathlength fiber-optic Raman ‘dip-stick’." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 53, no. 3 (1998): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(98)00337-2.

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28

Jenouvrier, A., B. Coquart, and M. F. Merienne. "Long pathlength measurements of oxygen absorption cross sections in the wavelength region 205–240 nm." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 36, no. 4 (1986): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(86)90059-2.

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29

Rozas, M., A. Zurita, and J. E. Beckman. "Quantifying the Ionising Flux escaping from the Ultra-luminous H II Regions in Four Spiral Galaxies." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 15, no. 1 (1998): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as98159.

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AbstractThere are two principal problems in explaining, in terms of the emission from OB stars, the ionisation of gas which emits diffuse Hα in spiral galaxies. One is the long pathlength which the ionising photons need to traverse to reach their objectives, the other is whether sufficient photons can escape from within the H II regions which surround the hot stars. Here we treat the second point, assuming that the H II regions above a certain threshold luminosity are density bounded. We calculate the escaping Lyman continuum (Lyc) fluxes from the density bounded regions in four galaxies, and

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30

Xie, Qingji, Wanzhi Wei, Lihua Nie, and Shouzhuo Yao. "Theory and application of potential-step transmission chronoabsorptometry of long-pathlength spectroelectrochemical cells: single reversible electrode reaction." Analytical Chemistry 65, no. 14 (1993): 1888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00062a013.

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31

Belz, Mathias, Peter Dress, Karl-F. Klein, William J. O. Boyle, Hilmar Franke, and Kenneth T. V. Grattan. "Liquid core waveguide with fiber optic coupling for remote pollution monitoring in the deep ultraviolet." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 12 (1998): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0552.

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A new combination of silica fibres, highly transparent in the ultraviolet (UV) and showing long term stability, combined with a teflon-coated liquid-core waveguide (LCW) is presented for remote sensing in the deep UV, for monitoring one of the major pollutants, nitrates, in water, but with potentially wider applicability. The arrangement exhibits low spectral loss in the range between wavelengths of 200 nm and 400 nm and can be used for analytical investigations to determine small concentrations of such impurities in water. The operation of the optical system to achieve guidance of UV light be

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32

Layne, Charles S., Ajitkumar P. Mulavara, P. Vernon McDonald, Casey J. Pruett, Innessa B. Kozlovskaya, and Jacob J. Bloomberg. "Effect of long-duration spaceflight on postural control during self-generated perturbations." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 3 (2001): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.3.997.

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This report is the first systematic evaluation of the effects of prolonged weightlessness on the bipedal postural control processes during self-generated perturbations produced by voluntary upper limb movements. Spaceflight impacts humans in a variety of ways, one of which is compromised postflight postural control. We examined the neuromuscular activation characteristics and center of pressure (COP) motion associated with arm movement of eight subjects who experienced long-duration spaceflight (3–6 mo) aboard the Mir space station. Surface electromyography, arm acceleration, and COP motion we

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33

Tsunoda, Kin-Ichi, Akira Nomura, Joseph Yamada, and Sueo Nishi. "The Possibility of Signal Enhancement in Liquid Absorption Spectrometry with a Long Capillary Cell Utilizing Successive Total Reflection at the Outer Cell Surface." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 1 (1989): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894201996.

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A new type of long capillary cell (LCC) for liquid absorption spectrometry, in which incident light is transmitted with successive total reflection at the outer cell surface, has been proposed. An uncoated and uncovered capillary tubing of borosilicate glass showed much better light trans-missivity in aqueous solution as a LCC than did one with mirrored walls, and it could be used in coiled form without attenuation of light. An effective pathlength of 85 cm (at A1 cm = 9 × 10−5) and a baseline stability of 3 × 10−6 AU were obtained with a 90-cm LCC (i.d. 260 μm, o.d. 400 μm, coiled into 14-cm-

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34

Thanayutsiri, Thana, Thapakorn Charoenying, Prasopchai Patrojanasophon, et al. "Facile, sensitive and reagent-saving smartphone-based digital image colorimetric assay of captopril tablets enabled by long-pathlength RGB acquisition." Pharmacia 70, no. 4 (2023): 1511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e114927.

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A new assay of captopril (CTP) tablets was developed based on digital image colorimetry using Ellman’s reagent. For the first time, a facile technique of increasing the analytical path was applied in this work to enhance the sensitivity. For this purpose, the reaction solutions were photographed using a smartphone while they were contained in two 1-cm pathlength cuvettes which were placed side by side. The Red-Green-Blue (RGB) in term of [B/(R+G+B)] was used to plot a standard curve. Compared to using a single cuvette, double cuvettes resulted in more precise analytical signals and better line

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35

ZHANG, Jia-Zhong. "Enhanced Sensitivity in Flow Injection Analysis Using a Long Pathlength Liquid Waveguide Capillary Flow Cell for Spectrophotometric Detection." Analytical Sciences 22, no. 1 (2006): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.22.57.

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36

Kim, K. C., and G. M. Campbell. "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Using a Very-Long-Pathlength Cell: Dioxygen Difluoride Stability and Reactions with Plutonium Compounds." Applied Spectroscopy 39, no. 4 (1985): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854250284.

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37

Pappas, Alexandros Ch, Constantine D. Stalikas, Yannis Ch Fiamegos, and Miltiades I. Karayannis. "Determination of hydrogen peroxide by using a flow injection system with immobilized peroxidase and long pathlength capillary spectrophotometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 455, no. 2 (2002): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01600-2.

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38

BONIFACIO, V., L. FIGUEIREDOFILHO, L. MARCOLINOJR, and O. FATIBELLOFILHO. "An improved flow system for chloride determination in natural waters exploiting solid-phase reactor and long pathlength spectrophotometry." Talanta 72, no. 2 (2007): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2006.11.036.

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39

Cuisset, Arnaud, Francis Hindle, Gaël Mouret, et al. "Terahertz Rotational Spectroscopy of Greenhouse Gases Using Long Interaction Path-Lengths." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031229.

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Even if on-board mm-wave/THz heterodyne receivers have been developed to measure greenhouse gases (GHGs) atmospheric profiles, rotational spectroscopy rests under-exploited for their monitoring unlike IR rovibrational spectroscopy. The present study deals with the ability of THz spectroscopy using long interaction path-lengths for GHG laboratory investigations. High-resolution THz signatures of non-polar greenhouse molecules may be observed by probing very weak centrifugal distortion induced rotational transitions. To illustrate, new measurements on CH4 and CF4 have been carried out. For CH4,

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40

Melchert, Wanessa R., and Fábio R. P. Rocha. "A greener and highly sensitive flow-based procedure for carbaryl determination exploiting long pathlength spectrophotometry and photochemical waste degradation." Talanta 81, no. 1-2 (2010): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.12.005.

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41

Biermann, H. W., E. C. Tuazon, A. M. Winer, T. J. Walungton, and J. N. Pitts. "Simultaneous absolute measurements of gaseous nitrogen species in urban ambient air by long pathlength infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 22, no. 8 (1988): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90381-2.

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42

Páscoa, Ricardo N. M. J., Ildikó V. Tóth, and António O. S. S. Rangel. "Sequential injection trace determination of iron in natural waters using a long-pathlength liquid core waveguide and different spectrophotometric chemistries." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 7, no. 11 (2009): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.795.

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43

Yao, W. "Determination of trace chromium(VI) and molybdenum(VI) in natural and bottled mineral waters using long pathlength absorbance spectroscopy (LPAS)." Talanta 48, no. 2 (1999): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(98)00243-4.

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44

Harrison, J. J. "New and improved infrared absorption cross sections for dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 8 (2015): 3197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3197-2015.

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Abstract. Despite its widespread commercial use throughout the twentieth century, primarily in the refrigeration industry, dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) is now known to have the undesirable effect of depleting stratospheric ozone. As this long-lived molecule slowly degrades in the atmosphere, monitoring its vertical concentration profile using infrared sounders on satellite platforms crucially requires accurate laboratory spectroscopic data. This work describes new high-resolution infrared absorption cross sections of dichlorodifluoromethane over the spectral range 800–1270 cm−1, determined

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45

D'Cunha, R., S. Urban, and K. Narahari Rao. "Longpath Fourier Transform Spectra of Ammonia." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 120 (1987): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900153847.

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The ammonia molecule is known to be useful as a probe for studying conditions inside interstellar clouds and planetary atmospheres. Correct interpretation of interstellar and planetary spectra need to be supported by adequate laboratory measurements. in the present studies we report the high resolution Fourier transform spectra of ammonia recorded with a pathlength of 192m at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. Transitions with intensities that are two orders of magnitude weaker than those that have been reported earlier, have been observed and assigned. These include high J transitions, hot b

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46

Harrison, J. J. "New and improved infrared absorption cross sections for dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 3 (2015): 2823–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-2823-2015.

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Abstract. Despite its widespread commercial use throughout the twentieth century, primarily in the refrigeration industry, dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) is now known to have the undesirable effect of depleting stratospheric ozone. As this long-lived molecule slowly degrades in the atmosphere, monitoring its vertical concentration profile using infrared sounders on satellite platforms crucially requires accurate laboratory spectroscopic data. This work describes new high-resolution infrared absorption cross sections of dichlorodifluoromethane over the spectral range 800–1270 cm−1, determined

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47

Yacovitch, Tara I., Christoph Dyroff, Joseph R. Roscioli, Conner Daube, J. Barry McManus, and Scott C. Herndon. "Ethylene oxide monitor with part-per-trillion precision for in situ measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 7 (2023): 1915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1915-2023.

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Abstract. An Aerodyne tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectrometer with a multipass cell with a 413 m pathlength for the detection of ethylene oxide (EtO) is presented (TILDAS-FD-EtO). This monitor achieves precisions of <75 ppt or <0.075 ppb s−1 and <20 ppt in 100 s (1σ). We demonstrate precisions averaging down to 4 ppt h−1 (1σ precision) when operated with frequent humidity-matched zeroes. A months-long record of 2022 ambient concentrations at a site in the eastern United States is presented. Average ambient EtO concentration is on the order of 18 ppt (22 ppt standard devi

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48

Floge, Sheri A., Kathleen R. Hardy, Emmanuel Boss, and Mark L. Wells. "Analytical intercomparison between type I and type II long-pathlength liquid core waveguides for the measurement of chromophoric dissolved organic matter." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 7, no. 4 (2009): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.260.

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49

Griffith, David W. T. "Synthetic Calibration and Quantitative Analysis of Gas-Phase FT-IR Spectra." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 1 (1996): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963906627.

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A method for the quantitative analysis of gas-phase infrared spectra is described in which calibration spectra are calculated from a database of absorption line parameters rather than measured in a real spectrometer. The synthetic calibration spectra are computed with the use of the program MALT (Multiple Atmospheric Layer Transmission), including environmental (pressure, temperature, pathlength, etc.) and instrumental (resolution, line shape, wavenumber shift) effects in the calculation, so that the calculated spectra closely approximate real measured spectra. The synthetic calibration spectr

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Hopton, P., T. S. Walsh, and A. Lee. "Measurement of cerebral blood volume using near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green elimination." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 5 (1999): 1981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1981.

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Abstract:

Methods for measuring cerebral blood volume (CBV) have traditionally used radioisotopes. More recently, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure CBV by using a technique involving O2 desaturation of cerebral tissue, where the observed change in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin is a marker of the volume of blood contained within the brain. A new integration method employing NIRS is described by using indocyanine green (ICG) as the intravascular marker. After bolus injection, concentration-time integrals of cerebral tissue ICG concentration ([ICG]tissue) measured by N

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