Relevant bibliographies by topics / Long-pepper

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Long-pepper'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Long-pepper"

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Yulianita and E. Mulyati Effendi. "Uji Efektivitas Jangka Panjang Kombinasi Ekstrak Buah Cabe Jawa dan Biji Mahoni Sebagai Penambah Stamina pada Tikus Putih Jantan." Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana 3, no. 2 (February 17, 2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avi.3.2.64-69.

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Buah cabe jawa dan biji mahoni secara tunggal telah diteliti memiliki aktivitas sebagai peningkat stamina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas dari kombinasi ekstrak buah cabe jawa dan biji mahoni sebagai penambah stamina pada tikus putih jantan dan untuk mengetahui adanya efek samping yang ditimbulkan pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Hewan uji yang digunakan sejumlah 35 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi dalam 7 kelompok. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus putih. Kelompok tersebut terdiri dari biji mahoni, buah cabe jawa, kombinasi buah cabe jawa-biji mahoni (2:1), buah cabe jawa-biji mahoni (1:1), buah cabe jawa-Biji mahoni (1:2), kontrol (-) dan kontrol (+). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi ekstrak buah cabe jawa-biji mahoni (2:1) dan (1:2) tidak berbeda nyata dengan efektivitas pemberian ekstrak cabe jawa dan biji mahoni secara tunggal, dan kontrol positif masih memiliki nilai peningkat stamina tertinggi dengan nilai rata-rata daya tahan renang sebesar 529 detik. Penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak buah cabe jawa-biji mahoni yang paling efektif adalah pada hari ke-3.Kata kunci: stamina, buah cabe jawa, biji mahoni (Long Term Effectiveness Experiment Combination of Javanese Long Pepper Fructus and Mahogany Bean Extract as a Stimulant to Male Rat)Javanese long pepper fructus and mahogany bean have a stimulant effect on body stamina. This research purposed to test the effectiveness of the combination of extract of javanese long pepper fructus and mahogany bean in long use for increasing stamina in male rats. A number of 35 male rats were used for testing and divided into 7 groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. The group consists of mahogany bean, javanese long pepper fructus, javanese long pepper fructus-mahogany bean (2:1), javanese long pepper fructus-mahogany bean (1:1), javanese long pepper fructus-mahogany bean (1:2), control (-) and control (+). The result showed that administration of javanese long pepper extract-mahagony bean extract (2:1) and (1:2) do not show the effectiveness with javanese long pepper extract and mahagony bean extract in single use, and the positif control still show the high stimulant activity with the average value swimming endurance time of 529 seconds. Utilizing combination Javanese long pepper extractmahagony bean extract more effective in 3rd day.Keywords: stamina, javanese long pepper fructus, mahogany bean
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Ulas, Firdes, Halit Yetisir, and Abdullah Ulas. "Effects of grafting on fruit yield and leaf nutrient contents of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines." Genetika 52, no. 3 (2020): 1041–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2003041u.

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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the rootstock effects on the fruit and seed yield and leaf nutrient contents of pepper, four pepper inbred lines (ER? 1227 and ER? 462: Long fruited green pepper type; 21 H-1-2 and 33 H-3-1: Bell shaped pepper type) were grafted onto two pepper rootstock genotypes (46 KB F1 and Scarface F1). The non-grafted scion genotypes were used as control plants. Between grafted and non-grafted plants significant (p<0.001) differences were found in fruit yield, dry matter, diameter, length and fruit number, seed yield, thousand seed weight and leaf P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn contents. Among the graft combinations, significantly higher fruit yield, dry matter, length of long fruited green pepper genotypes, leaf K content was observed when ?ER? 1227? grafted onto ?Scarface? rootstock; significantly higher Ca and Mn contents were recorded when ?ER? 462? grafted onto ?Scarface? rootstocks. Whereas, significantly highest fruit number and diameter of long fruited green pepper genotypes was recorded at the non-grafted plants of ?ER? 1227?. Overall, the pepper rootstock genotype ?Scarface? showed a better performance for fruit yield, dry matter, length of long fruited green pepper genotypes, fruit diameter of bell shaped pepper genotypes, K, Ca, Mg and Mn contents in leaf tissue, thousand seed weight in different graft combinations as compared to non-grafted pepper plants. All these suggest that the powerful rootstocks, which might be characterized by an efficient nutrient uptake, play a major role in improvement of plant growth performance, fruit, and seed yield.
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Leliqia, Ni Putu Eka, and Ni Komang Sri Lumbung Artha Wardani. "A REVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF Piper retrofractum Vahl." Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jpsa.2021.v03.i01.p05.

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Background: Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is a plant that commonly found in Southeast Asia and is empirically used to treat various diseases. It is known that the phytochemical content in plants is one factor responsible for its pharmacology activities. The study of the pharmacological effects of herbal ingredients both pre-clinically and clinically is an attempt to prove their empirical properties. Aims: This review article aims to provide information to academics and the public regarding phytochemical studies and pharmacological activity that have been carried out regarding the Javanese long pepper plant. Methods: Article preparation was carried out through literature studies from various national scientific journals, international journals, and online reference books. Javanese long pepper data search system was based on chemical content and pharmacological activity studies either in vitro, in vivo, or clinical trials. Results: Phytochemical studies have shown that the plant parts of Javanese long pepper contain compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoid, and glycosides. Based on studies of its pharmacological activity, Javanese long pepper has been reported to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, analgesic, androgenic, aphrodisiac, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperuricemic, lowering leukocyte count, antileishmanial and immunostimulant effects. Conclusion: The efficacy of Javanese long pepper has been scientifically proven to have pharmacological effects either through in vitro or clinical studies which can be taken into consideration for the development of traditional medicinal products. Keywords: Javanese Long Pepper, Piper retrofractum, Phytochemical, Pharmacology activity
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Prayoga, Ajie, Ahmad Fahrul Syarif, Eva Prasetiyono, and Suci Puspita Sari. "MASCULINIZATION OF Betta splendens LARVAE WITH JAVA PEPPER (Piper retrofractum Vahl) EXTRACT THROUGH IMMERSION." e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrtbp.v8i2.p985-990.

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Siamese betta fighting fish (Betta splendens) is the one of exports comodity of ornamental fish in Indonesia, but the problems of culture that fish is sex ratio of female higher than male. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of java long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) for betta siamese fighting fish masculinizations through larval immersion. This research was designed by randomized completely design with three treatments of different java long papper doses (0,5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, and 2 mg/L), positive control (17α-metiltestosteron 20 mg/L), and negative control with there replications for each treatments. The treatments of java long pepper doses was given to thirty larvae (D4) through immersion during 24 hours. The research showed that java long pepper extract with dose 2 mg/L obtained the higher male ratio (59,82%) compared with dose 0,5 mg/L (45,11%), 1 mg/L (53,92%), and negative control (23,23%). Java long pepper extract with dose 2 mg/Lincreased the male ratio 36,59% compared with negative control. Java long pepper extract have no effect for survival rate of siamese betta fighting larvae during cultured.
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Rakhmawati, Euis, Muhammad Zairin Jr, and Dinar Tri Soelistyowati. "Masculinization of featherfin squeaker Synodontis eupterus Boulenger, 1901 larvae using javanese long pepper extract Piper retrofractum and increased rearing temperature." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 19, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v19i2.482.

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Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum) is known to have androgenic effect, could act as phytosteroid and alternative to masculinization. This research aimed to evaluate the optimum dose of the Javanese long pepper extracts combined with increased rearing temperature on featherfin squeaker masculinization through larva immersion. This research was designed using a completely randomized design with 8 treatments consisted of Javanese long pepper extract doses of 0.0625 mg L-1and 0.125 mg L-1, negative control (without both extract and 17α-metiltestosterone) and positive control (2 mg L-117α-metiltestosterone). Each of them consisted of two different temperature treatments, namely, normal (26-27ᴼC) and 32ᴼC. After five hours treatment, larvae were reared until five months age. The fish age four and then five months were dissected and their gonads were taken for acetocarmine and histology preparation. Beside that the percentage of fish survival, body length, weight gain, and specific growth rate were also recorded in certain period. The result showed that the Javanese long pepper extract dose at 0.125 mg L-1 with normal temperature treatment produced the highest male ratio and significantly different compare with control. Giving this dose to larvae did not affect fish survival and growth, meanwhile increased temperature treatment could not increase the effectivity of Javanese long pepper extract.
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Takeda, K. Y. "448 PB 285 NEW EGGPLANT AND PEPPER CULTIVARS FOR HAWAII AND THE PACIFIC BASIN." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 495d—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.495d.

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Two long eggplant (Solanummelongena L.) hybrids, Nitta/Molokai F1 and Nitta/Waimanalo F1, were released to growers. The hybrids represent an improvement over presently grown cultivars by producing higher yields of quality fruit. Quality factors such as dark maroon color, uniformity of fruit shape and long shelf life are important considerations for growers and consumers. Two pepper varieties (Capsicumannuum L.), `Kaala' and `Waialua' were developed for those areas in Hawaii and the subtropics which have limited pepper production because of bacterial wilt (Pseudomonus solanacearum). The varieties were the result of a cross between `Chabai Merah' and keystone Resistant Giant. `Chabai Merah', a Malaysian pepper variety is highly resistant to bacterial welt and rootknot nematode. `Kaala' is a sweet pepper and is highly tolerant to bacterial wilt if grown at temperature below 27%. Waialua is a pungent type pepper and is highly resistant to bacterial wilt.
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Demers, Dominique-André, Serge Yelle, and André Gosselin. "EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS LIGHTING ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF LEAF CARBON METABOLISM OF TOMATO AND PEPPER PLANTS." HortScience 29, no. 4 (April 1994): 250a—250. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.250a.

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Exposure of tomato and pepper plants to long photoperiods (20 hours or more for tomato; 24 hours for pepper) results in leaf chlorosis (tomato), leaf deformities (pepper), and decreased growth and productivity (both species). Some researchers have suggested that excessive starch accumulation in the leaves could be the cause of the negative effects. We observed that tomato and pepper plants do accumulate more starch in their leaves when grown under a long photoperiod (24 hours) compared to a shorter one (16 hours). However, our results indicated that these accumulations were not caused by a limited sink strength but by an alteration of the carbon metabolism at the leaf level. In our last experiment, we studied the activity of enzymes [sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), invertase] of leaf carbon metabolism in tomato and pepper plants grown under different photoperiods (natural, natural + supplemental light of 100 μmol·m-2·s-1 during 16 and 24 hours). We observed a 10% to 15% decrease in leaf SPS activity in tomato (not in pepper) plants grown under a 24-hour photoperiod. In both species, invertase and SS activities were not affected by photoperiod treatments. In tomato plants grown under a 24-hour photoperiod, the decrease in SPS activity corresponded to the appearance of leaf chlorosis (6 to 7 weeks after the beginning of treatments). Therefore, it appears that leaf carbon metabolism could be involved in the development of negative effects of long photoperiod in tomato plants, but not in pepper plants. The fact that photoperiod had no apparent effect on leaf carbon metabolism of pepper may explain why this species can tolerate longer photoperiods than tomato plants.
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Feng, Shijing, Jinshuang Niu, Zhenshan Liu, Lu Tian, Xiangyuan Wang, and Anzhi Wei. "Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Relationships of Chinese Pepper Based on nrDNA Markers." Forests 11, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050543.

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Chinese pepper, referring to Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and Zanthoxylum armatum DC. species, is an important spice crop that has long attracted people’s interest due to its extensive application in Asian cuisine to improve taste. Numerous cultivars have been developed during the long history of domestication and cultivation. However, little to no information is available on the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of Chinese pepper cultivars and their historical diversification has not been clarified. Herein, we sequenced two nrDNA non-coding region markers, the external transcribed spacer (ETS) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 39 cultivated and wild populations of Chinese pepper from eight provinces and to address the question of ancient demographic trends which were probably influenced by changing climate during evolutionary history. In total, 31 haplotypes were identified based on 101 polymorphism sites. Our results revealed relatively high level of genetic variation despite long-term cultivation of this crop. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation existed predominantly within provinces rather than among provinces. The genetic structure result based on haplotype network analysis largely reflected historical records, which suggested a Gansu origin for Chinese pepper and an ancient west-to-east spread of Chinese pepper circulating in China. We also provided evidence that changing Pleistocene climates had shaped the demographic trends of Chinese pepper. Taken together, our findings not only suggest that Chinese pepper is a dynamic genetic system that responds to evolutionary forces, but it also provides a fundamental genetic profile for the conservation and responsible exploitation of the extant germplasm of Chinese pepper and for improving the genetic basis for breeding the cultivars.
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Sasikumar, B., Johnson K. George, K. V. Saji, S. J. Anke Gowda, and T. J. Zachariah. "Two unique black pepper accessions with very long spikes from the centre of origin." Plant Genetic Resources 13, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211400080x.

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Two unique black pepper accessions with very long spikes, hitherto unreported in the world genepool of black pepper, were collected from the centre of origin of the species and characterized. The two accessions can be a valuable genetic source in the improvement of spike length.
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NEGREIROS, Jacson Rondinelli da Silva, Daniela Popim MIQUELONI, and Cleísa Brasil da Cunha CARTAXO. "Yield of essential oil and safrole content based on fresh and dry biomass of long pepper in the Brazilian Amazon." Acta Amazonica 45, no. 1 (March 2015): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201400794.

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Long pepper (Piper hispidinervum) is an Amazonian species of commercial interest due to the production of safrole. Drying long pepper biomass to extract safrole is a time consuming and costly process that can also result in the contamination of the material by microorganisms. The objective of this study was to analyze the yield of essential oil and safrole content of fresh and dried biomass of long pepper accessions maintained in the Active Germoplasm Bank of Embrapa Acre, in the state of Acre, Brazil, aiming at selecting genotypes with best performance on fresh biomass to recommend to the breeding program of the species. Yield of essential oil and safrole content were assessed in 15 long pepper accessions. The essential oil extraction was performed by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. A joint analysis of experiments was performed and the means of essential oil yield and safrole content for each biomass were compared by Student's t-test. There was variability in the essential oil yield and safrole content. There was no difference between the types of biomass for oil yield; however to the safrole content there was difference. Populations 9, 10, 12 and 15 had values of oil yield between 4.1 and 5.3%, and safrole content between 87.2 and 94.3%. The drying process does not interfere in oil productivity. These populations have potential for selection to the long pepper breeding program using oil extraction in the fresh biomass
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long-pepper"

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CRUZ, Glaucilane dos Santos. "Efeitos subletais de óleos essenciais associados com Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5976.

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A large investment is annually demanded to control the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is the major insect pest of corn. To contain this demand alternative methods have been developed, including the use of botanical insecticides, known as essential oils, and entomopathogenic agents such as the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. These alternatives are adequate to Integrated Pest Management purposes, by being selective, low toxic to mammals and present efficiency against various pest species. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that association of long pepper and cloves oils at the concentrations of 30 and 50 mg/L DMSO with Xentari® WG (B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai - Bta) (1000 mg/L) produces an efficient control of S. frugiperda, affecting biological, immunological and reproductive parameters, and if those concentrations of these oils affect spermatogenesis, the histochemistry of the ovarioles, as well as its impact on fertility. The results demonstrated that long pepper essential oil at a concentration of 50 mg/L associated with Bta has promoted lower larval survival, and clove does not proved efficient when combined with the Bta formulated. However, both oils, associated or not to Bta, interfered on the biology and humoral immunity of S. frugiperda. All treatments showed ovicidal effect except clove oil at the two concentrations without Bta. Histological analysis showed that clove and long pepper oils at the concentrations of 30 and 50 mg/L have affected spermatogenesis and the histochemistry of the ovarioles of S. frugiperda, reflecting on their reproduction. However, the effects of long pepper oil associated or not to Bta were more expressive, proving to be a promising tool to control this pest, adapting to MIP, controlling the survival of offspring and its success in the culture.
Anualmente demanda-se um alto investimento no controle da lagarta do cartucho Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), sendo esta a principal praga da cultura do milho. Para conter esta demanda métodos alternativos tem sido desenvolvidos, incluindo a utilização de inseticidas botânicos, conhecidos como óleos essenciais, e agentes entomopatogênicos, como a bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Estas alternativas adéquamse aos propósitos do Manejo Integrado de Pragas, por serem seletivos, de baixa toxicidade a mamíferos e apresentarem eficiência contra várias espécies de pragas. Assim, testou-se a hipótese de que a associação dos óleos de pimenta longa e cravo da Índia nas concentrações 30 e 50 mg/L DMSO com Xentari® WG (B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai - Bta) (1000 mg/L) produzem um controle eficiente de S. frugiperda, afetando parâmetros biológicos, imunológicos e reprodutivos, e se as concentrações destes óleos afetam a espermatogênese, a histoquímica dos ovaríolos, bem como seu impacto na fertilidade. Os resultados demonstraram que o óleo de pimenta longa na concentração 50 mg/L associado ao Bta ocasionou menor sobrevivência larval, já o cravo da Índia não mostrou-se eficiente quando associado ao Bta formulado. Porém, ambos os óleos associados ou não ao Bta interferiram na biologia e na imunidade humoral de S. frugiperda. Todos os tratamentos afetaram a viabilidade dos ovos exceto a testemunha e o cravo da Índia nas duas concentrações sem Bta. A análise histológica mostrou que os óleos de pimenta longa e cravo da Índia nas concentrações 30 e 50 mg/L afetaram a espermatogênese e histoquímica dos ovaríolos de S. frugiperda, refletindo na sua reprodução. No entanto, os efeitos do óleo de pimenta longa, associado ou não ao Bta, foram mais expressivos, demonstrando ser uma ferramenta promissora no controle desta praga, adequando-se ao MIP, controlando a sobrevivência da prole e seu sucesso na cultura.
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Books on the topic "Long-pepper"

1

United States. Congress. Pepper Commission. Options in long-term care.: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Pepper Commission. The insurance industry and access to health care and long-term care: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, ed. Pepper Commission report: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness and the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, April 26, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Pepper Commission. Assessing the affordability of private long-term care insurance.: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, One Hundred First Congress, first session, Washington, DC, November 8, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Pepper Commission. Options in long-term care.: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, One Hundred First Congress, first session, Washington, DC, October 5, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Commission, United States Congress Pepper. Options in long-term care.: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, One Hundred First Congress, first session, Washington, DC, October 5, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Pepper Commission. Options in long-term care.: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, One Hundred First Congress, first session, Washington, DC, October 5, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Pepper Commission. Options in long-term care.: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, One Hundred First Congress, first session, Washington, DC, October 5, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Pepper Commission. Options in long-term care.: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, One Hundred First Congress, first session, Washington, DC, October 5, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Pepper Commission. Options in long-term care.: Hearing before the Pepper Commission, U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, One Hundred First Congress, first session, Washington, DC, October 5, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Long-pepper"

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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Piper longum (Long pepper)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 1867. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_712.

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Hancock, James F. "End of the spice era." In Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade, 289–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0022.

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Abstract As the Dutch and English battled at home and abroad, the major trade commodities also underwent a dramatic shift. Changes in tastes and political climates in Europe caused the profitability of the spices to fall precipitously. This led the VOC and the EIC to seek new markets including cotton, coffee, opium and tea. It was in the middle of the seventeenth century that European interest in spices began to wane. In fact, there was an oversupply of pepper by mid-century, which dropped prices by about 40% compared with that which the Portuguese and then the VOC had long been able to maintain (Lunde, 2005). After a peak of seven million kilograms of pepper imported in 1670, levels fell to about three-and-a-half million kilograms in 1688 (Krondle, 2007). Pepper had lost its status as an exotic luxury in Europe and was now more or less a mundane commodity. The other spices held their high status longer, but they too began to lose their glow by the end of the seventeenth century.
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"Long Pepper." In Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, 266–67. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119114796.ch72.

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Babu, K. N., M. Divakaran, P. N. Ravindran, and K. V. Peter. "Long pepper." In Handbook of Herbs and Spices, 420–37. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845691717.3.420.

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"Long Pepper." In Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, 279–81. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959152.ch71.

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De Romanis, Federico. "South Indian Perspectives." In The Indo-Roman Pepper Trade and the Muziris Papyrus, 107–24. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842347.003.0008.

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This chapter details pepper production and collection in ancient India. From Antiquity to Early Modernity, South India’s pepper trade was influenced by the geographical and cultural diversity of the communities who made the pepper available for overseas consumption: the gatherers in the upland forests of the Western Ghats, and the lowland peoples who brought it to the emporia. Because of the ecological, cultural, and socio-economic variability within South India, the demands for pepper led to different patterns of production, which in turn developed in different micro-contexts. Indeed, different travellers have left different reports regarding the means by which western merchants acquired black pepper. It is important to recognize that more than one step of the long process that brought pepper and ivory from the foothills of the Western Ghats to Alexandria occurred within India itself, and that the nature of these exchanges ranged from informal to formal. Ultimately, a broader and more inclusive perspective is necessary to capture both the commercial activities reflected in the Muziris loan contract and the transactions between the Western Ghats forest communities and the Muziris-based dealers.
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7

De Romanis, Federico. "Contrasts." In The Indo-Roman Pepper Trade and the Muziris Papyrus, 251–74. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842347.003.0015.

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This chapter examines three pertinent comparisons arising from the reconstruction of the Hermapollon’s cargo. The first concerns the size of the ships involved in the pepper trade and its relationship to both the region from which the spice was exported and the sea route by which it was transported. The pepper trade can take different forms, and the pattern detailed by the Muziris papyrus proves to be unique in the long history of the South Indian pepper trade. The second comparison concerns the Periplus’ list of the commodities available in the Limyrike emporia and the Hermapollon’s cargo as itemized in the verso of the Muziris papyrus. Finally, the third comparison concerns the size of the elephant tusks. When compared with the average weight of some sixteenth-century East African cargoes, the average weight of the tusks carried by the Hermapollon reveals the overall fine quality of the batch and, ultimately, the distinctiveness of the human–elephant relationship in India compared to East Africa.
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Maloni, Ruby. "Gujarati Merchant Diaspora in South East Asia (Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries)." In Transregional Trade and Traders, 305–14. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199490684.003.0013.

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Gujarat was concentric to the early modern Indian Ocean world. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries witnessed the fine tuning of long distance trading systems. In South East Asia, the Indo-Portuguese trade network flourished in the sixteenth century, followed by the English and the Dutch in the seventeenth. Equilibrium was established between European and Asian traders, both indispensable to the other. Profitable trade in pepper and spices in the eastern archipelago was based on cotton textiles from Gujarat. In the sixteenth century, Cambay stretched out two arms—towards Aden and Malacca. Commercial connections included ports like Acheh, Kedah, Tenasserim, Pegu, Pase, and Pidie. In the seventeenth century, Surat’s mercantile marine facilitated the consolidation of Gujarati trade. This chapter shows how Gujarati merchant diaspora was intrinsic to the intricate patterns of trade practices and traditions of the Indian Ocean.
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Walker, J. Samuel, and Randy Roberts. "The Target." In The Road to Madness. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630236.003.0001.

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John Wooden, the basketball coach at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1948 until his retirement in 1975, was a man who lived by long-honored traditions and values. In many ways, he belonged to an older America—a nation of homespun virtues, the self-improvement maxims of Benjamin Franklin, the plucky plot lines of Horatio Alger, and the Christian themes of Harold Bell Wright. By 1973, he looked out of place sitting on the bench at courtside before tip-off. With short salt-and-pepper hair parted straight as a razor, large bookish glasses, a serenely beatific smile, and a conservative banker’s suit, he appeared more like a church deacon than a basketball coach. In a polyester age of florid shirts, bell-bottom slacks, and Nehru jackets, the Wizard of Westwood (a nickname he detested) was a wool and cotton man, so out of touch with the fashions of the times that it would not have occurred to him to notice—or care—how far behind he had fallen....
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Silverberg, Shonni J., and John P. Bilezikian. "Primary hyperparathyroidism." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 653–64. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0419.

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Primary hyperparathyroidism is no longer the severe disorder of ‘stones, bones, and groans’ described by Fuller Albright and others in the 1930s (1,2). Osteitis fibrosa cystica, with its brown tumours of the long bones, subperiosteal bone resorption, distal tapering of the clavicles and phalanges, and ‘salt-and-pepper’ appearance of erosions of the skull on radiograph is rare, and kidney stones are seen in only 20% of patients. Asymptomatic disease is the rule in the vast majority of patients, with the diagnosis commonly following the finding of hypercalcaemia on routine serum chemistry analysis (Table 4.3.1) (3–5). Primary hyperparathyroidism is due to a solitary parathyroid adenoma in 80% of patients (5). Most cases are sporadic, although some are associated with a history of neck irradiation, or prolonged use of lithium therapy for bipolar disease (6, 7). Multiple parathyroid adenomas have been reported in 2 to 4% of cases (8). Parathyroid adenomas can be discovered in many unexpected anatomic locations, including within the thyroid gland, the superior mediastinum, and within the thymus. Occasionally, the adenoma may ultimately be identified in the retroesophageal space, the pharynx, the lateral neck, and even the alimentary submucosa of the oesophagus (9). In approximately 15% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, all four parathyroid glands are involved. There are no clinical features that differentiate single versus multiglandular disease. In nearly one-half of cases, four-gland disease is associated with a familial hereditary syndrome, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN 1) or MEN 2a.
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Conference papers on the topic "Long-pepper"

1

Silalahi, Marina. "Utilization and Bioactivity of Java Long Pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) for Education Purposes." In 2nd Annual Conference on blended learning, educational technology and Innovation (ACBLETI 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210615.052.

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