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1
Yulianita and E. Mulyati Effendi. "Uji Efektivitas Jangka Panjang Kombinasi Ekstrak Buah Cabe Jawa dan Biji Mahoni Sebagai Penambah Stamina pada Tikus Putih Jantan." Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana 3, no. 2 (February 17, 2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avi.3.2.64-69.
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Buah cabe jawa dan biji mahoni secara tunggal telah diteliti memiliki aktivitas sebagai peningkat stamina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas dari kombinasi ekstrak buah cabe jawa dan biji mahoni sebagai penambah stamina pada tikus putih jantan dan untuk mengetahui adanya efek samping yang ditimbulkan pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Hewan uji yang digunakan sejumlah 35 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi dalam 7 kelompok. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor tikus putih. Kelompok tersebut terdiri dari biji mahoni, buah cabe jawa, kombinasi buah cabe jawa-biji mahoni (2:1), buah cabe jawa-biji mahoni (1:1), buah cabe jawa-Biji mahoni (1:2), kontrol (-) dan kontrol (+). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi ekstrak buah cabe jawa-biji mahoni (2:1) dan (1:2) tidak berbeda nyata dengan efektivitas pemberian ekstrak cabe jawa dan biji mahoni secara tunggal, dan kontrol positif masih memiliki nilai peningkat stamina tertinggi dengan nilai rata-rata daya tahan renang sebesar 529 detik. Penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak buah cabe jawa-biji mahoni yang paling efektif adalah pada hari ke-3.Kata kunci: stamina, buah cabe jawa, biji mahoni (Long Term Effectiveness Experiment Combination of Javanese Long Pepper Fructus and Mahogany Bean Extract as a Stimulant to Male Rat)Javanese long pepper fructus and mahogany bean have a stimulant effect on body stamina. This research purposed to test the effectiveness of the combination of extract of javanese long pepper fructus and mahogany bean in long use for increasing stamina in male rats. A number of 35 male rats were used for testing and divided into 7 groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. The group consists of mahogany bean, javanese long pepper fructus, javanese long pepper fructus-mahogany bean (2:1), javanese long pepper fructus-mahogany bean (1:1), javanese long pepper fructus-mahogany bean (1:2), control (-) and control (+). The result showed that administration of javanese long pepper extract-mahagony bean extract (2:1) and (1:2) do not show the effectiveness with javanese long pepper extract and mahagony bean extract in single use, and the positif control still show the high stimulant activity with the average value swimming endurance time of 529 seconds. Utilizing combination Javanese long pepper extractmahagony bean extract more effective in 3rd day.Keywords: stamina, javanese long pepper fructus, mahogany bean
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Ulas, Firdes, Halit Yetisir, and Abdullah Ulas. "Effects of grafting on fruit yield and leaf nutrient contents of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines." Genetika 52, no. 3 (2020): 1041–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2003041u.
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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the rootstock effects on the fruit and seed yield and leaf nutrient contents of pepper, four pepper inbred lines (ER? 1227 and ER? 462: Long fruited green pepper type; 21 H-1-2 and 33 H-3-1: Bell shaped pepper type) were grafted onto two pepper rootstock genotypes (46 KB F1 and Scarface F1). The non-grafted scion genotypes were used as control plants. Between grafted and non-grafted plants significant (p<0.001) differences were found in fruit yield, dry matter, diameter, length and fruit number, seed yield, thousand seed weight and leaf P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn contents. Among the graft combinations, significantly higher fruit yield, dry matter, length of long fruited green pepper genotypes, leaf K content was observed when ?ER? 1227? grafted onto ?Scarface? rootstock; significantly higher Ca and Mn contents were recorded when ?ER? 462? grafted onto ?Scarface? rootstocks. Whereas, significantly highest fruit number and diameter of long fruited green pepper genotypes was recorded at the non-grafted plants of ?ER? 1227?. Overall, the pepper rootstock genotype ?Scarface? showed a better performance for fruit yield, dry matter, length of long fruited green pepper genotypes, fruit diameter of bell shaped pepper genotypes, K, Ca, Mg and Mn contents in leaf tissue, thousand seed weight in different graft combinations as compared to non-grafted pepper plants. All these suggest that the powerful rootstocks, which might be characterized by an efficient nutrient uptake, play a major role in improvement of plant growth performance, fruit, and seed yield.
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Leliqia, Ni Putu Eka, and Ni Komang Sri Lumbung Artha Wardani. "A REVIEW OF PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF Piper retrofractum Vahl." Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jpsa.2021.v03.i01.p05.
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Background: Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is a plant that commonly found in Southeast Asia and is empirically used to treat various diseases. It is known that the phytochemical content in plants is one factor responsible for its pharmacology activities. The study of the pharmacological effects of herbal ingredients both pre-clinically and clinically is an attempt to prove their empirical properties. Aims: This review article aims to provide information to academics and the public regarding phytochemical studies and pharmacological activity that have been carried out regarding the Javanese long pepper plant. Methods: Article preparation was carried out through literature studies from various national scientific journals, international journals, and online reference books. Javanese long pepper data search system was based on chemical content and pharmacological activity studies either in vitro, in vivo, or clinical trials. Results: Phytochemical studies have shown that the plant parts of Javanese long pepper contain compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoid, and glycosides. Based on studies of its pharmacological activity, Javanese long pepper has been reported to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, analgesic, androgenic, aphrodisiac, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperuricemic, lowering leukocyte count, antileishmanial and immunostimulant effects. Conclusion: The efficacy of Javanese long pepper has been scientifically proven to have pharmacological effects either through in vitro or clinical studies which can be taken into consideration for the development of traditional medicinal products.
Keywords: Javanese Long Pepper, Piper retrofractum, Phytochemical, Pharmacology activity
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Prayoga, Ajie, Ahmad Fahrul Syarif, Eva Prasetiyono, and Suci Puspita Sari. "MASCULINIZATION OF Betta splendens LARVAE WITH JAVA PEPPER (Piper retrofractum Vahl) EXTRACT THROUGH IMMERSION." e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrtbp.v8i2.p985-990.
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Siamese betta fighting fish (Betta splendens) is the one of exports comodity of ornamental fish in Indonesia, but the problems of culture that fish is sex ratio of female higher than male. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of java long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) for betta siamese fighting fish masculinizations through larval immersion. This research was designed by randomized completely design with three treatments of different java long papper doses (0,5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, and 2 mg/L), positive control (17α-metiltestosteron 20 mg/L), and negative control with there replications for each treatments. The treatments of java long pepper doses was given to thirty larvae (D4) through immersion during 24 hours. The research showed that java long pepper extract with dose 2 mg/L obtained the higher male ratio (59,82%) compared with dose 0,5 mg/L (45,11%), 1 mg/L (53,92%), and negative control (23,23%). Java long pepper extract with dose 2 mg/Lincreased the male ratio 36,59% compared with negative control. Java long pepper extract have no effect for survival rate of siamese betta fighting larvae during cultured.
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Rakhmawati, Euis, Muhammad Zairin Jr, and Dinar Tri Soelistyowati. "Masculinization of featherfin squeaker Synodontis eupterus Boulenger, 1901 larvae using javanese long pepper extract Piper retrofractum and increased rearing temperature." Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 19, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.32491/jii.v19i2.482.
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Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum) is known to have androgenic effect, could act as phytosteroid and alternative to masculinization. This research aimed to evaluate the optimum dose of the Javanese long pepper extracts combined with increased rearing temperature on featherfin squeaker masculinization through larva immersion. This research was designed using a completely randomized design with 8 treatments consisted of Javanese long pepper extract doses of 0.0625 mg L-1and 0.125 mg L-1, negative control (without both extract and 17α-metiltestosterone) and positive control (2 mg L-117α-metiltestosterone). Each of them consisted of two different temperature treatments, namely, normal (26-27ᴼC) and 32ᴼC. After five hours treatment, larvae were reared until five months age. The fish age four and then five months were dissected and their gonads were taken for acetocarmine and histology preparation. Beside that the percentage of fish survival, body length, weight gain, and specific growth rate were also recorded in certain period. The result showed that the Javanese long pepper extract dose at 0.125 mg L-1 with normal temperature treatment produced the highest male ratio and significantly different compare with control. Giving this dose to larvae did not affect fish survival and growth, meanwhile increased temperature treatment could not increase the effectivity of Javanese long pepper extract.
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Takeda, K. Y. "448 PB 285 NEW EGGPLANT AND PEPPER CULTIVARS FOR HAWAII AND THE PACIFIC BASIN." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 495d—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.495d.
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Two long eggplant (Solanummelongena L.) hybrids, Nitta/Molokai F1 and Nitta/Waimanalo F1, were released to growers. The hybrids represent an improvement over presently grown cultivars by producing higher yields of quality fruit. Quality factors such as dark maroon color, uniformity of fruit shape and long shelf life are important considerations for growers and consumers. Two pepper varieties (Capsicumannuum L.), `Kaala' and `Waialua' were developed for those areas in Hawaii and the subtropics which have limited pepper production because of bacterial wilt (Pseudomonus solanacearum). The varieties were the result of a cross between `Chabai Merah' and keystone Resistant Giant. `Chabai Merah', a Malaysian pepper variety is highly resistant to bacterial welt and rootknot nematode. `Kaala' is a sweet pepper and is highly tolerant to bacterial wilt if grown at temperature below 27%. Waialua is a pungent type pepper and is highly resistant to bacterial wilt.
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Demers, Dominique-André, Serge Yelle, and André Gosselin. "EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS LIGHTING ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF LEAF CARBON METABOLISM OF TOMATO AND PEPPER PLANTS." HortScience 29, no. 4 (April 1994): 250a—250. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.250a.
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Exposure of tomato and pepper plants to long photoperiods (20 hours or more for tomato; 24 hours for pepper) results in leaf chlorosis (tomato), leaf deformities (pepper), and decreased growth and productivity (both species). Some researchers have suggested that excessive starch accumulation in the leaves could be the cause of the negative effects. We observed that tomato and pepper plants do accumulate more starch in their leaves when grown under a long photoperiod (24 hours) compared to a shorter one (16 hours). However, our results indicated that these accumulations were not caused by a limited sink strength but by an alteration of the carbon metabolism at the leaf level. In our last experiment, we studied the activity of enzymes [sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), invertase] of leaf carbon metabolism in tomato and pepper plants grown under different photoperiods (natural, natural + supplemental light of 100 μmol·m-2·s-1 during 16 and 24 hours). We observed a 10% to 15% decrease in leaf SPS activity in tomato (not in pepper) plants grown under a 24-hour photoperiod. In both species, invertase and SS activities were not affected by photoperiod treatments. In tomato plants grown under a 24-hour photoperiod, the decrease in SPS activity corresponded to the appearance of leaf chlorosis (6 to 7 weeks after the beginning of treatments). Therefore, it appears that leaf carbon metabolism could be involved in the development of negative effects of long photoperiod in tomato plants, but not in pepper plants. The fact that photoperiod had no apparent effect on leaf carbon metabolism of pepper may explain why this species can tolerate longer photoperiods than tomato plants.
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Feng, Shijing, Jinshuang Niu, Zhenshan Liu, Lu Tian, Xiangyuan Wang, and Anzhi Wei. "Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Relationships of Chinese Pepper Based on nrDNA Markers." Forests 11, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050543.
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Chinese pepper, referring to Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and Zanthoxylum armatum DC. species, is an important spice crop that has long attracted people’s interest due to its extensive application in Asian cuisine to improve taste. Numerous cultivars have been developed during the long history of domestication and cultivation. However, little to no information is available on the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of Chinese pepper cultivars and their historical diversification has not been clarified. Herein, we sequenced two nrDNA non-coding region markers, the external transcribed spacer (ETS) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 39 cultivated and wild populations of Chinese pepper from eight provinces and to address the question of ancient demographic trends which were probably influenced by changing climate during evolutionary history. In total, 31 haplotypes were identified based on 101 polymorphism sites. Our results revealed relatively high level of genetic variation despite long-term cultivation of this crop. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation existed predominantly within provinces rather than among provinces. The genetic structure result based on haplotype network analysis largely reflected historical records, which suggested a Gansu origin for Chinese pepper and an ancient west-to-east spread of Chinese pepper circulating in China. We also provided evidence that changing Pleistocene climates had shaped the demographic trends of Chinese pepper. Taken together, our findings not only suggest that Chinese pepper is a dynamic genetic system that responds to evolutionary forces, but it also provides a fundamental genetic profile for the conservation and responsible exploitation of the extant germplasm of Chinese pepper and for improving the genetic basis for breeding the cultivars.
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Sasikumar, B., Johnson K. George, K. V. Saji, S. J. Anke Gowda, and T. J. Zachariah. "Two unique black pepper accessions with very long spikes from the centre of origin." Plant Genetic Resources 13, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211400080x.
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Two unique black pepper accessions with very long spikes, hitherto unreported in the world genepool of black pepper, were collected from the centre of origin of the species and characterized. The two accessions can be a valuable genetic source in the improvement of spike length.
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NEGREIROS, Jacson Rondinelli da Silva, Daniela Popim MIQUELONI, and Cleísa Brasil da Cunha CARTAXO. "Yield of essential oil and safrole content based on fresh and dry biomass of long pepper in the Brazilian Amazon." Acta Amazonica 45, no. 1 (March 2015): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201400794.
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Long pepper (Piper hispidinervum) is an Amazonian species of commercial interest due to the production of safrole. Drying long pepper biomass to extract safrole is a time consuming and costly process that can also result in the contamination of the material by microorganisms. The objective of this study was to analyze the yield of essential oil and safrole content of fresh and dried biomass of long pepper accessions maintained in the Active Germoplasm Bank of Embrapa Acre, in the state of Acre, Brazil, aiming at selecting genotypes with best performance on fresh biomass to recommend to the breeding program of the species. Yield of essential oil and safrole content were assessed in 15 long pepper accessions. The essential oil extraction was performed by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. A joint analysis of experiments was performed and the means of essential oil yield and safrole content for each biomass were compared by Student's t-test. There was variability in the essential oil yield and safrole content. There was no difference between the types of biomass for oil yield; however to the safrole content there was difference. Populations 9, 10, 12 and 15 had values of oil yield between 4.1 and 5.3%, and safrole content between 87.2 and 94.3%. The drying process does not interfere in oil productivity. These populations have potential for selection to the long pepper breeding program using oil extraction in the fresh biomass
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Deeshma, K. P., and A. I. Bhat. "Complete genome sequencing of Piper yellow mottle virus infecting black pepper, betelvine, and Indian long pepper." Virus Genes 50, no. 1 (October 21, 2014): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-014-1134-0.
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Tran, Hung Ngoc. "Study on improving the effectiveness of taking off the husk of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T5 (November 28, 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it5.535.
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White pepper is a high value product being preferred by the markets of developed countries. However, the white pepper production time is too long and the procedure needs large amount of water. Our research offered two solutions to over come these disadvantages gradually. The shelling yield of black pepper that was immersed in water with the ratio of 1:1 ( W: W) at 35 oC in 48 hours, was 92.2%. In the case that black pepper was in water with the ratio of 1:1 (W:W) and pectinase with the dose of 4 UI/ 50gr pepper, inculation at 40 oC in 4 hours and then at room temperatmein 24 hours, the effectiveness of removing the husk of the pepper reaches 93.2 % and the content of piperine in white pepper was 6.58 percents. This procedure shortens the time of immersing the pepper and reduces the amount of used water environment pollution.
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Nmaju, Anyauba Uduka, Iwasam Ekom Joshua, Udemeobong Edet Okon, Azubuike Amakwe Nwankwo, and Eme Efiom Osim. "Long-term consumption of capsicum annum (chilli pepper) and capsaicin diets suppresses pain perception and improves social behaviour of CD-1 mice." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 911–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-02-2018-0054.
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Purpose Chilli pepper (Capsicum annum), an extensively cultivated vegetable, is commonly used to spice many dishes prepared in several parts of the world. It contains capsaicinoids. The most active amongst these capsaicinoids is capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), which is neurogenic and so may affect nervous function. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of chilli pepper and capsaicin diets on pain and social behaviour in CD-1 Swiss white mice. Design/methodology/approach In total, 30 male mice were randomly assigned into three groups of ten mice each, namely, control, pepper-diet (20 per cent w/w) and capsaicin-diet (10 per cent w/w) groups. Tail immersion, hot plate and formalin tests were conducted to assess pain perception, while nesting behaviour test was used to evaluate the social behaviour of the mice. Findings The latency of tail flick of both the pepper and capsaicin groups were significantly longer (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) compared to control. The hind paw lick frequency, duration and flinching of both the pepper and capsaicin groups were also significantly reduced compared to control. The nesting score of the capsaicin group was significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to control. However, the nesting score for pepper group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to capsaicin group. Originality/value Long-term consumption of capsaicin and pepper diets suppressed pain and enhanced organized social behaviour in mice. One of the active principles responsible for the effects obtained with pepper on pain and social behaviour in mice may be capsaicin.
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Imadudin, Iim. "PERDAGANGAN LADA DI LAMPUNG DALAM TIGA MASA (1653-1930)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 8, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v8i3.14.
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This article aims to reveal the dynamics of the pepper trade in Lampung in three political systems. The study uses historical method consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The struggle for influence in the region is created in the pattern of domination and subordination. Lampung as the pepper producer is under the influence of Banten, VOC, and the Dutch government. Thus, it is inevitable that there isthe economic exploitation in the relationship. The study shows that the dynamics of the pepper trade in Lampung cannot be separated from the various competing parties. The players are Sultanate of Banten, VOC, and the Dutch government. However, the role of local elites of Lampungis also taken into account. The waning of pepper trade, in addition to internal factors such as not optimal maintenance of pepper garden, also due to lower demand from the international market. The monopoly factor of the pepper trade by foreign powers also crushes the pepper trade system that has lasted long enough.
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Pribadi, Ekwasita Rini, and Agus Wahyudi. "FARMING PRODUCTION COSTS AND RELATIVE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN BLACK AND WHITE PEPPERS." Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 32, no. 1 (August 27, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v32n1.2021.10-22.
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<p>Indonesia is one of the major pepper (Piper nigrum L.) producer countries in the world. The main pepper products are distinguished into black and white pepper. Each region has a tradition to produce each of the products and influencing cultivation practices and cost structure. This research was aimed to analyze the cost of productions of black and white pepper and their relative competitiveness to the pepper price at the farm level with conventional and improved cultivation practices. The survey methods were used to obtain the primary data from respondents selected with the snowball sampling method. Lampung and Bangka Belitung Islands were chosen to represent the black and white peppers of smallholders, respectively. The result showed that the farms with conventional cultivation practices did not have sustainable relative competitiveness, indicating higher production costs than the lowest prices received in the long term. On the other hand, relative competitiveness was relatively better in farms that implemented improved cultivation practices. Therefore, to achieve sustainable relative competitiveness, pepper farms should apply improved cultivation practices. The relative competitiveness of white pepper was better than black pepper because the productivity of white pepper was higher even though the production cost was also a little bit higher than black pepper.</p>
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DAMANIK, SABARMAN. "ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN LADA INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 7, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v7n4.2001.113-119.
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<p><strong>Analysis of Indonesian pepper supply and demand in the International Market</strong></p><p>Study on the supply and demand of Indonesian pepper in the international market was conducted by using the data of time series from 1980 to 1999. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and two stage least square (2 SLS) estimation method. The result of analysis revealed that the factors affecting pepper supply from Indonesia were international market, world price, pepper production, exchange rate, and the last export volume. The supply export of pepper of each major pepper producing counlircs showed similar characeristics, i.e. die expot of pepper of the countries, including Indonesia was affeclcd signiicantly by the national pepper production. When the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than that of the price change. The demand for pepper import at the elasticity coeicient value smaller than one (0.144 -0.680) meant that it was inelastic. The elasticity coeficient value of the Indonesian pepper supply in the short and long terms was 1 168 and 4.037 respectively. It meant that they were elastic, if the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than thai of the price change. The implication to Ihe pepper industry in Indonesia were (a) the decrease in Ihe pepper price in the international market did not affect the national pepper production, and (b) the exchange rale affect the volume of the pepper export.</p>
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Lillywhite, Jay M., Jennifer E. Simonsen, and Mark E. Uchanski. "Spicy Pepper Consumption and Preferences in the United States." HortTechnology 23, no. 6 (December 2013): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.6.868.
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Little data are publicly available about U.S. spicy pepper (Capsicum sp.) consumers and their type-specific preferences. This research adds to the body of knowledge surrounding the demand side of the U.S. spicy pepper market by providing exploratory data to examine U.S. consumer preferences as they relate to seven common spicy pepper types: cayenne (Capsicum annuum), habañero (Capsicum chinense), jalapeño (C. annuum), New Mexico-type long green and red (C. annuum), paprika (C. annuum), poblano/ancho (C. annuum), and serrano (C. annuum) peppers. Data were collected using an online panel survey of 1104 consumers. Results suggest that jalapeño peppers were the most popular fresh spicy pepper purchased by participating food consumers. Paprika powder, a relatively mild spicy pepper product, was the most widely-consumed dried or ground pepper of the seven studied. Women appear more likely to be non-likers of spicy foods than men (P ≤ 0.05). Responses of this survey group suggest that many consumers enjoy spicy peppers and that consumption varies by pepper type. Finally, the most popular pepper types do not necessarily appear to be the “hottest” or “mildest” of those available in the market.
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Fazaria, Dewi Asrini, Dedi Budiman Hakim, and Sahara Sahara. "ANALISIS INTEGRASI HARGA LADA DI PASAR DOMESTIK DAN INTERNASIONAL." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v10i2.55.
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Lada merupakan produk komoditas ekspor Indonesia yang diekspor ke berbagai negara. Ketergantungan lada Indonesia pada pasar ekspor menjadikan harga lada domestik mengikuti fluktuasi harga lada di pasar dunia meskipun harga lada di pasar domestik tidak selalu linier dengan harga lada dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan harga lada Indonesia dengan harga lada internasional. Data yang digunakan adalah data bulanan dari tahun 1990-2014 dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa harga lada hitam lokal dan lada hitam spot memiliki hubungan integrasi baik pada jangka panjang maupun pendek. Sementara pengaruh timbal balik terjadi pada harga lada putih. Harga lada putih lokal terintegrasi dengan harga lada putih ekspor dan harga lada putih spot baik pada jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Penyaluran informasi harga yang lancar dan dapat diakses oleh setiap pelaku pemasaran sangat perlu untuk diupayakan. Diharapkan dengan adanya kelancaran informasi, pelaku pemasaran khususnya yang berada di tingkat lokal memiliki posisi tawar yang semakin kuat serta dapat terhindar dari praktek yang menyebabkan timbulnya market power dalam pemasaran lada. Pepper is one of the Indonesian commodities which has been exported to various countries.The dependence of Indonesia’s exporting pepper has caused the domestic price of pepper to follow the fluctuations of the world’s market price, even though the domestic price is not necessarily linked to the world market. This study aims to find out the relation between the domestic pepper price to the world’s market price. The data were from 1990-2014 and were analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method.The results indicated that the price of local black pepper and spot black pepper had good integration relationship in long and short term. Besides, the mutual relation occurs in white pepper price. The price of local white pepper is related to the exported one, and is also related to the price of spot white pepper both in short term and long term. Good distribution of pepper and access to current pricing information is necessary to be done. By using a good access to information, marketing actors especially those at local marketing level will have a stronger bargaining position and therefore it can avoid practices that might cause market power in pepper market.
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Huang, Huazhang, Christy M. Morgan, Ratnakar N. Asolkar, Marja E. Koivunen, and Pamela G. Marrone. "Phytotoxicity of Sarmentine Isolated from Long Pepper (Piper longum) Fruit." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, no. 18 (September 22, 2010): 9994–10000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf102087c.
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Idowu-Agida, O. O., and E. O. Ajayi. "Variation of Plant Characters Among Long Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.)." International Journal of Vegetable Science 18, no. 4 (October 2012): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2011.644031.
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Bizzo, Humberto R., Da�se Lopes, Rodrigo V. Abdala, Fl�vio A. Pimentel, Jo�o A. de Souza, Marcos V. G. Pereira, Lothar Bergter, and Elsie F. Guimar�es. "Sarisan from leaves ofPiper affinis hispidinervum C. DC (long pepper)." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 16, no. 2 (2001): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.957.
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Rosa, Firlya. "RANCANG BANGUN PENGUPAS BIJI LADA MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM CRUSHER." Jurnal Ipteks Terapan 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jit.2018.v12i2.3127.
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<em>Processing of post-harvest pepper includes threshing pepper from its stem, soaking and paring of pepper seeds. Paring of pepper seeds is still traditional. Pepper put into sacks and soaked for 10-14 days then trampled using human power. Using the traditional system takes a long time and the peel is not perfectly flaked and the energy required is huge. Therefore, it is necessary to design and manufacture the machine to replace the human power function, process and time of paring. The tool will be made by using a crusher system where 2 pieces of rubber-coated disks are rubbing against each other and flooded with the goal of shifting the pepper's peel meet the rubber. The disc consists of one dish in permanent and another will rotate that is transmitted by the bevel gear and the source of energy is electric motor. The dimension of the dish is 400 mm in diameter, the dimensions of the hole to put pepper is 30 mm and rotating speed of dish 15 rpm. The pepper used in this research is freshly picked pepper without soaking. Variables measured by time and exfoliation results. The research was found that 89% of the pepper was flaked perfectly, 11% did not exfoliate perfectly, the machine capacity is 1 kg/hour.</em>
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Rohmaniah, Hafizhotur, Denny Syaputra, and Ahmad Fahrul Syarif. "MASCULINIZATION OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) USING JAVA LONG PEPPER (Piper retrofractum) EXTRACT THROUGH LARVAL IMMERSION." Journal of Aquatropica Asia 4, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/aquatropica.v4i2.2243.
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The aimed of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of java long pepper extract in the increasing of the percentage of males nile tilapia. The design of experiment was completely randomized design with 5 treatments i.e : A (negative control), B (1,99 mg L-1), C (3,99 mg L-1), D (5,99 mg L-1) and positive control (20 mg L-1 17α-metiltestosteron) with three replicates per level of treatment. Immersion of 10-day-old larvae for 24 hours with 50 larvae in 10 L medium of treatments and cultivated for 60 days and identification of gender using the acetocarmin method. The results showed that java long pepper extract was effective to increase the percentage of males with dose of 1,99 mg L-1 (81,78±6,81%), 3,99 mg L-1 (79,00±2,99%) and 5,99 mg L-1 (87,42±4,85%) while the negative control 39,23±7,74%. Java long pepper extract dose of 5,99 mg L-1 were not significantly different with the treatment of 17α-metiltestosteron i.e : 91,71±3,93%. Percentage of survival rate 47.33±3.06% to 53.33±8.08%, specific growth rate 3,14±0,15% to 3,40±0,08%, absolute weight growth 1.97±0.59 g to 3.07±0.38 g and absolute length growth of 3.73±0.55 cm to 3.95±0.16 cm. Java long pepper extract gives a significant effects to the spesific growth rate and absolute weight growth. Treatment A, B, C, D and E had no effect on survival rate and the absolute length growth of nile tilapia during 60 days cultivation period.
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Uge, Emerensiana, Sri Sulandari, Sedyo Hartono, and Susamto Somowiyarjo. "Cucumber mosaic virus pada Tanaman Lada di Yogyakarta dan Bangka Belitung." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 15, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.15.1.1.
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Cucumber mosaic virus on Black Pepper in Yogyakarta and Bangka BelitungPepper (Piper nigrum) is spice crop which has been cultivated a long time ago in Indonesia. Stunting is one of disease on pepper caused by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The research aimed to diagnose the biological, morphological and nucleaic acid characters of CMV on pepper in Yogyakarta and Bangka Belitung. CMV infection on pepper in both area (Putat dan Kleben village, Yogyakarta and Air Buluh village, Bangka Belitung) showed typical symptoms such as mosaic, narrow leaves and stunting. The disease incidence and disease severity of stunting disease are varies. The virus able to transmitted by cutting, grafting and mechanically on Nicotiana tabacum and Chenopodium amaranticolor. However, it was unable to transmitted mechanically on pepper and by Aphis gossypii. The virus particles were isometric with diameter size 28-30 nm. RT-PCR using coat protein partial gene primer successfully amplified a DNA with size ± 500 bp from all three samples. The homology of nucleotide between three isolates was 98-97%, while the highest homology of those three strains CMV from Yogyakarta and Bangka Belitung was 98% against strains from China in Brassica chinensis. Three strains CMV from pepper were in the same group, and separated from CMV pepper lines from Indonesia and other CMV isolates.
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Macel, Mirka, Isabella G. S. Visschers, Janny L. Peters, Nicole M. van Dam, and Rob M. de Graaf. "High Concentrations of Very Long Chain Leaf Wax Alkanes of Thrips Susceptible Pepper Accessions (Capsicum spp)." Journal of Chemical Ecology 46, no. 11-12 (October 22, 2020): 1082–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-020-01226-x.
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AbstractThe cuticular wax layer can be important for plant resistance to insects. Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) damage was assessed on 11 pepper accessions of Capsicum annuum and C. chinense in leaf disc and whole plant assays. Thrips damage differed among the accessions. We analyzed the composition of leaf cuticular waxes of these accessions by GC-MS. The leaf wax composition was different between the two Capsicum species. In C. annuum, 1-octacosanol (C28 alcohol) was the most abundant component, whereas in C. chinense 1-triacotanol (C30 alcohol) was the prominent. Thrips susceptible accessions had significantly higher concentrations of C25-C29n-alkanes and iso-alkanes compared to relatively resistant pepper accessions. The triterpenoids α- and ß-amyrin tended to be more abundant in resistant accessions. Our study suggests a role for very long chain wax alkanes in thrips susceptibility of pepper.
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Rahmasari, Firsta, Deny Sapto Chondro Utomo, and Siti Hudaidah. "EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK CABE JAWA (Piper retrofactrum Vahl) UNTUK MASKULINISASI IKAN CUPANG (Betta splendens)." Journal of Aquatropica Asia 6, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/aquatropica.v6i1.2460.
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Betta fish in one spawning period produce a higher ratio of female fish, while male betta fish will produce a higher amount of profit in cultivation. So it is necessary to increase the production of male betta fish with sex reversal. This study aims to evaluate the effect of java long pepper (Piper retrovactrum Vahl) extract and determine the right time in the masculinization process of betta fish. The research design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 doses of java long pepper extract and 3 age groups. The dosage levels used for treatment were P1 (without additional dose/control), P2 (0,5 mg/L), P3 (1 mg/L), and P4 (2 mg/L) with larvae age groups of 3, 5, and 7 days after hatching. Soaking was carried out for 5 hours in each age group of larvae. The results showed that the use of java long pepper extract was able to direct the percentage of males (p<0,05) with the highest value of 43,67±9,92%. The dose of ajava long ppper extract of 2 mg/L (P4) is considered the best dose in producing the percentage of male betta fish. Meanwhile, different age groups had the same effect on the percentage of male betta fish (p>0,05).
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Idowu-Agid, O. O., D. J. Ogunniyan, and E. O. Ajayi. "Flowering and Fruiting Behavior of Long Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)." International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 6, no. 4 (September 15, 2012): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijpbg.2012.228.237.
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Goreta Ban, Smiljana, Gabriela Vuletin Selak, and Daniel I. Leskovar. "Short- and long-term responses of pepper seedlings to ABA exposure." Scientia Horticulturae 225 (November 2017): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.06.047.
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Matsuda, H., S. Nakamura, I. Yamaguchi, M. Hamao, and M. Yoshikawa. "Plasma concentrations of biofunctional amide constituents from long pepper in mice." Planta Medica 81, S 01 (December 14, 2016): S1—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1596882.
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Singh, R. K., and P. Gogoi. "Augmented growth of long pepper in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation." Journal of Forestry Research 23, no. 2 (May 2, 2012): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-012-0262-4.
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McGrath, M. T., N. Shishkoff, C. Bornt, and D. D. Moyer. "First Occurrence of Powdery Mildew Caused by Leveillula taurica on Pepper in New York." Plant Disease 85, no. 10 (October 2001): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.10.1122a.
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Powdery mildew was observed for the first time on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in western New York in August 1999 and on Long Island, NY, in August 2000. Infected plants were found in commercial fields planted with transplants from Georgia and Florida. Powdery mildew was not found in nearby commercial fields in either year, and it was not found in 2000 in western New York. Symptoms included white sporulation on the undersurfaces of leaves, causing yellow lesions on upper surfaces that turned necrotic and led to premature defoliation. The pathogen was confirmed to be Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud, a species complex that infects more than 1,000 plant species in 74 families, including pepper, tomato and eggplant. Only the Oidiopsis stage was found. Conidia were 47.3 to 74.3 μm × 10.5 to 20.3 μm (average 64.0 × 16.8 μm (N = 71). Symptoms were observed on all cultivars of bell and chili pepper in the Long Island field but not on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena var. esculentum) in adjacent rows. Powdery mildew of pepper was first observed in North America in 1971 in southwest Florida (1). Symptoms were found on field-grown peppers in Florida in April 2001 at the time that transplants were being produced for New York. Considering the latent period is 18 to 21 days and symptoms tend to be initially subtle, diseased seedlings could easily go undetected. This disease is a problem on tomatoes and peppers in California (2), Arizona, Utah, and Nevada. Powdery mildew of pepper was reported in Puerto Rico in 1992, in Idaho on greenhouse-grown pepper in 1998, in north-central Mexico in 1998, and in both Canada and Oklahoma on greenhouse-grown pepper in 1999. Powdery mildew of peppers has not been seen in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, or Ohio. References: (1) C. H. Blazquez. Phytopathology 66:1155, 1976. (2) R. F. Smith et al. Calif. Agric. 53:40, 1999.
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OLASANTAN, F. O., A. W. SALAU, and E. E. ONUH. "INFLUENCE OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA) INTERCROP ON GROWTH AND FRUIT YIELDS OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM SPP.) IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 1 (January 2007): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706004200.
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In tropical Africa, pepper (Capsicum spp.) is grown as a rainfed crop, and its production is limited by the long, hot growing season. Field experiments were conducted in Nigeria to evaluate the effects of cassava (Manihot esculenta) on the growth and yields of three pepper cultivars and gross returns in 2001–2003. In Experiment 1, pepper (cv. Sombo) was planted between rows of cassava cvs Idileru (PI), Odongbo (PO) and TMS 30572 (PT). In Experiment 2, pepper cvs Sombo, Tatase and Atarodo, were mixed with TMS 30572 (MS, MT or MA). The growth environment for the intercropped pepper differed from sole crops of pepper. Radiant energy reaching the soil surface, maximum diurnal soil and canopy temperatures, and weed growth were lower with intercropping, with the lowest values being observed in the PI and PT intercrops. Similarly, soil moisture content and the number of earthworm casts were greater with intercropping, with the highest values also occurring in the PI and PT intercrops. In both experiments, fresh fruit yields of pepper depended on the duration of harvest, the number of fruits per plant and the weight of fruits. In Experiment 1, although the number of fruits and fruit yield of cv. Sombo were greater in the sole crop (SP) than the PO intercrop, the fruit yields in the PI and PT intercrops were similar to those of the SP plot. In Experiment 2, the number of fruits and yield of intercropped pepper cvs Tatase, Sombo and Atarodo were 25–28 % higher, on average, than in pure stands. Cassava tuber yield was not affected by intercropped pepper in either experiment. Total gross returns were greater than growing either pepper or cassava in monoculture. Increased total gross returns in the intercrops were obtained in the PI and PT treatments and in the MS and MA treatments without a significant reduction in pepper fruit yield. By promoting early fruit set and harvest, and bearing in mind the cumulative gross returns, mixing pepper and cassava enhanced the value of the vegetable, as early fresh pepper fruits command a premium price. It is concluded that pepper can be grown between cassava rows to provide a suitable environment for growth, but that this depends on the cassava cultivar. Using the less tall early cassava cultivar, with a relatively moderate leaf area index in a mixture with pepper is therefore recommended.
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HULUGALLE, N. R., and S. T. WILLATT. "PATTERNS OF WATER UPTAKE AND ROOT DISTRIBUTION OF CHILLI PEPPERS GROWN IN SOIL COLUMNS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-075.
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Root distribution and water uptake patterns of individual chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ’Long Slim Cayenne’) plants growth in 1-m-high soil columns in plastic cylinders were examined under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Roots were able to grow through the soil profile and consequently extract water from a soil which was conducive to root growth. Water uptake occurred both in the irrigated and in the nonirrigated treatment throughout the soil profile. Uptake was highest in the top 0.50 m of the former and was a result of greater water availability rather than lack of root growth at greater depths. Chilli pepper plants can, under droughty conditions, extract subsoil moisture.Key words: Chilli pepper, soil moisture, water uptake, root growth
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Morales-Payan, Jose P., Bielinski M. Santos, William M. Stall, and Thomas A. Bewick. "Effects of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield." Weed Technology 11, no. 4 (December 1997): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00043232.
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Additive series experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of season-long interference of different initial population densities of purple nutsedge on the shoot dry weight and fruit yield of tomato and bell pepper. Purple nutsedge densities up to 200 plants/m2linearly reduced shoot dry weight at flowering and fruit yield of both crops as weed density increased. Both variables were directly correlated, and for each percentage unit of tomato shoot dry weight loss at flowering, fruit yield was reduced 1.24 units, whereas for bell pepper this relationship was 1 to 2.01. Total shoot and tuber biomass of purple nutsedge increased as density increased. The presence of either crop caused a decline in the total shoot dry weight accumulation of purple nutsedge, with tomato producing a higher degree of loss than bell pepper to the weed. Fruit yield losses due to purple nutsedge interference reached 44% for tomato and 32% for bell pepper.
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Blum, Eyal, Kede Liu, Michael Mazourek, Eun Young Yoo, Molly Jahn, and Ilan Paran. "Molecular mapping of the C locus for presence of pungency in Capsicum." Genome 45, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-031.
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Pungency owing to the presence of capsaicinoids is a unique character of pepper (Capsicum spp.). Capsaicinoids are produced in the placenta and it has long been known that a single dominant gene, C, is required for pungent genotypes to produce capsaicinoids. We mapped C to pepper chromosome 2 in a cross between a pungent Capsicum frutescens wild accession and a non-pungent Capsicum annuum bell pepper. This position confirmed results from earlier studies. The RFLP marker TG 205 cosegregated with C and two additional RFLP markers were also located within 1 cM. The recessive allele at the C locus is used in breeding programs around the world focused on very diverse germplasm, hence any of these tightly linked markers may be of value as potential sources of useful markers for marker-assisted selection. To demonstrate this point, we developed a PCR-based CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) marker linked to C using the sequence of the Capsicum fibrillin gene located 0.4 cM from C. The use of molecular markers for high-throughput screening for the c allele in pepper breeding programs is discussed.Key words: pepper, pungency, marker-assisted selection.
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Hikal, Dalia M. "Antibacterial Activity of Piperine and Black Pepper Oil." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 15, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2697.
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Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is known as king of spices and it's sharp taste is due to the presence of piperine which is the main bioactive alkaloid in the fruit. In the present study both of piperine and black pepper oil in different concentrations evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (G+ coccoid shaped bacteria), Bacillus subtilis (G+ long spore forming bacteria), Salmonella sp and E.coli (G- short rod bacteria). The inhibition activity was measured by using agar well diffusion method. Piperine and black pepper oil showed antibacterial activity with all tested Gram positive bacteria with zones ranged from 8.23-18.1mm and 3.14-10.43,respectively. The results showed that piperine is an excellent antibacterial agent with all tested bacteria.
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Matsumura, Shinichi, Kazuya Murata, Yuri Yoshioka, and Hideaki Matsuda. "Search for β-Secretase Inhibitors from Natural Spices." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 4 (April 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100423.
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The growing number of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients prompted us to seek effective natural resources for the prevention of AD. We focused on the inhibition of β-secretase, which is known to catalyze the production of senile plaque. Sixteen spices used in Asian countries were selected for the screening. Among the extracts tested, hexane extracts obtained from turmeric, cardamom, long pepper, cinnamon, Sichuan pepper, betel, white turmeric and aromatic ginger showed potent inhibitory activities. Their active principles were identified as sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenoids, fatty acid derivatives and phenylpropanoids using GC-MS analyses. The chemical structures and IC50 values of the compounds are disclosed. The results suggest that long-term consumption of aromatic compounds from spices could be effective in the prevention of AD.
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Yamaguchi, Gaku, Hidetoshi Honda, Toshihiro Honda, and Norihiko Ikeda. "Prevention of Aspiration Pneumonia Using Black Pepper in Long-term Care Sanatoriums." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 69, no. 1 (2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.69.13.
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Prameswari, Wuri, Welly Herman, and Umi Salamah. "Growth of Long pepper (Piper rectofractum Vahl.) with Different Growing Media Composition." PENDIPA Journal of Science Education 5, no. 3 (March 28, 2021): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.5.3.345-350.
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Long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) It is one of the potential medicinal plants in Indonesia. However, information related to the cultivation of this plant is still minimal. Therefore, research needs regarding the determination of suitable planting media for the growth of herbal chilies. This experiment used a complete randomized group design (RKLT) with one treatment factor for the composition of the growing media, namely soil, soil + sand (3: 1, v / v), soil + rice husk charcoal (3: 1, v/v), and soil + manure (3: 1, v / v). Each treatment repeats six times, and each consisted of 10 plants. Data analysis using a variance. The plant material used was in soil tendrils and polybags measuring 30 cm x 30 cm as a container. NPK + Mg inorganic fertilizer with an equivalent dose of 12: 12: 17: 2. The results of the experiment showed that the composition of the different growing media affected all observed variables. The use of soil planting medium + cow manure showed the best growth results of chili herbs for plant height, the number of leaves, root length, root and canopy wet weight, and root and canopy dry weight.
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Tsai, W. S., I. K. Abdourhamane, and L. Kenyon. "First Report of Pepper veinal mottle virus Associated with Mosaic and Mottle Diseases of Tomato and Pepper in Mali." Plant Disease 94, no. 3 (March 2010): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-3-0378b.
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The aphid-transmitted Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) has been reported as causing an epidemic in solanaceous crops, including eggplant, pepper, and tomato in Africa (4). In West Africa, PVMV has been detected in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria (2). In April 2009, leaf yellowing, mosaic, mottle, and curling symptoms indicative of viral infection were common on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in home gardens and fields in Mali. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from two sweet pepper and two tomato plants from Baguineda, four tomato plants and one chili pepper plant in Kati, and three chili pepper plants from Samanko. All samples except two chili pepper from Samanko and two sweet pepper and two tomato from Baguineda tested positive for begomovirus by PCR with primers PAL1v1978/PAR1c715 (3). PVMV was detected by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using PVMV antibody (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) in both Baguineda sweet pepper, one Baguineda tomato, and one Samanko chili pepper sample. Three PVMV ELISA-positive samples, one each of sweet pepper, chili pepper, and tomato, were also confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and sequencing. The expected 1.8-kb viral cDNA was amplified from all three samples using the potyvirus general primer Sprimer1 (5′-GGNAAYAAYAGHGGNCARCC-3′), which was modified from the Sprimer (1) as upstream primer, and Oligo(dT) (5′-GCGGGATCCCTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-3′) as downstream primer. The sequences obtained from chili pepper (GenBank Accession No. GQ918274), sweet pepper (GenBank Accession No. GQ918275), and tomato (GenBank Accession No. GQ918276) isolates, excluding the 3′ poly-A tails, were each 1,831 nucleotides (nt) long, comprising the 3′-terminal of the NIb region (1 to 642 nt), the coat protein region (643 to 1,455 nt), and the 3′-untranslated region (1,456 to 1,831 nt). The sequences shared between 99.3 and 99.5% nucleotide identity with each other. A comparison of these sequences with corresponding sequences of potyviruses in GenBank revealed they had greatest nucleotide identity (96.5 to 96.6%) with a tomato isolate of PVMV from Taiwan (PVMV-TW; GenBank Accession No. EU719647), between 81.4 and 95.9% identity with other PVMV isolates, and only as much as 67.2% identity with other potyvirus isolates. Analysis of coat protein regions alone also revealed high nucleotide (96.6 to 96.8%) and amino acid (99.3 to 99.6%) identity with PVMV-TW. The PVMV Baguineda tomato isolate caused mosaic and mottle symptoms on tomato (line CLN1558A) and pepper (cv. Early Calwonder) plants following mechanical inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PVMV infecting plants in Mali and reinforces the need to take this virus into consideration when breeding tomato and pepper for this region. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (2) C. Huguenot et al. J. Phytopathol. 144:29, 1996. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (4) G. Thottappilly, J. Phytopathol. 134:265, 1992.
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Ilknur, Polat, Baysal Ömür, Gümrükcü Emine, Sülü Görkem, Kitapci Aytül, Özalp Ramazan, Çelik Ibrahim, Devran Zübeyir, and Polat Ersin. "Molecular diversity and assessment of reactions of pepper pure line germplasm to Botrytis cinerea." Plant Protection Science 54, No. 3 (May 15, 2018): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/44/2017-pps.
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The host resistance level of pure line materials was assessed in the genepool for the purpose of breeding. The highest resistance to the pathogen was observed in bell-type pepper. Moreover, genetic diversity of pure lines was investigated using selected inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. Generally, genetic markers showed genetic diversity, so that long-type pure lines were separated from the other accessions. This is the first report on host reactions of Turkish pure lines as breeding material. These results provide significant information for future pepper breeding programs.
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Anderson, Reynolds, Matthew Sheffield, Joie C. Smith, Charles M. Carson, and Clifton C. Eason. "Pepper Place Farmers’ Market and the Need for Research and Strategy." Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy 2, no. 4 (May 13, 2019): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515127419839687.
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Pepper Place Market, a farmers’ market created in 1999 in Birmingham, Alabama, was designed as the centerpiece and foundation to support the long-term urban revitalization plan in Birmingham’s historic Lakeview District. Cathy Jones, the founder and inspiration behind the market, began the market on land owned by her family’s real estate company, Sloss Real Estate. The Pepper Place Market initially operated solely on cash flow received from farmers and artisans. In 2011, the market began soliciting sponsorships. The market’s leadership wanted to expand the market but struggled with negative net income. The organization had no unified marketing strategy or marketing plan. The limited promotion in which Pepper Place Market engaged was inconsistent and lacked a clear, strong messaging. Realizing the market needed to do more, Jones believed conducting marketing research and creating a strategic marketing plan should be their next steps.
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Igbokwe, Patrick, June Tartt, and Robert Leard. "ENHANCING HOT PEPPER PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION IN MISSISSIPPI." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 269A—269. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.269a.
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Two field experiments were used to determine the yield potential of 'Long Pod' cayenne hot peppers due to foliar application of 528 ppm each of chlormequat chloride. ethephon, and ancymidol. Applications were either made at bud formation, fruit development or fruit ripening periods. At last harvest, samples of marketable red-ripe fruits from the border rows of both 'Long Pod' cayenne and “Oriental-l” hot pepper plots were used for hot pepper sauce formulations. Two sets of 32 panelists each, were used to evaluate both the newly formulated experimental (ICES-1 and EHS-2) and commercial (CHS-1 and CHS-2) hot peppers sauces for quality. In 1990, marketable yield was highest due to chlormequat chloride. and for application made at fruit ripening. In 1991, marketable yield was highest due to ancymidol application, and for application made at fruit ripening. Mean sensory scores for hot sauce appearance, flavor and texture were generally highest for experimental hot sauces, whereas pungency scores were highest due to “CHS-1” commercial hot sauce.
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Wijaya, Hary, Maimunah Maimunah, and Gusmeizal Gusmeizal. "pengaruh konsentrasi dan lama perendaman zpt daging keong mas (pomacea canaliculata l.) terhadap pertumbuhan stek lada (piper nigrum l.)." Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian ( JIPERTA) 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiperta.v1i1.83.
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To improve the quality of pepper products through organic cultivation using organic growth regulators. This Research aims to investigate concentration and long immersion effect of golden snail meat (Pomacea canaliculata L.) on the growth of pepper cuttings (Piper nigrum L.). the method was experimental with a randomized block design (RAK) Factorial design with two factors namely various golden snail meat concentrations and long immersion ranging from several hours. The parameters observed in this study was Growth Percentage (%), Bud Height (cm), Number of Leaves (Strands), Root Length (cm), and Root Volume (ml). The results showed that the treatment of snail meat zpt concentration did not significantly affect the shoot height parameters but significantly affected the percentage of growth, number of leaves, root length and root volume where the effective zpt concentration was 50%. The long immersion treatment significantly affected the percentage of growth and shoot height where the best treatment at w1 was 3 hours’ immersion. The treatment combination of ZPT golden snail meat (Pomacea canaliculata L.) and long immersion did not significantly affect all observations parameters.
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El-Mogy, Mohamed M., Azza M. Salama, Hanaa F. Y. Mohamed, Karima F. Abdelgawad, and Emad A. Abdeldaym. "Responding of Long Green Pepper Plants to Different Sources of Foliar Potassium Fertiliser." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 65, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2019-0007.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the efficiency of foliar potassium fertiliser relative to morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of hybrid long pepper (Capsicum annuum). Pepper plants were grown in a greenhouse and supplied with three sources of foliar potassium fertilisers, i.e., potassium-humate (1 g/L = 1,250 g/ha), potassium sulfate (1 g/L = 1,250 g/ha), and potassium chloride (1 g/L = 1,250 g/ha). Water served as control. The impacts of these treatments on the phytosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, leaf carotenoids) and chlorophyll a and b, metabolic compounds and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were measured. The phytosynthetic parameters significantly improved by different foliar potassium application and the highest level of photosynthetic activity was noted in plants supplied with potassium sulfate, followed by potassium-humate and potassium chloride. Plant biomass accumulation, cholorophyll (a and b), and total yield showed larger increases in plants fertilised with potassium sulfate than those fertilised with potassium-humate; smallest increases occurred with potassium chloride. Concentrations of total sugars, carotenoids, chlorophyll (a and b), and endogenous level of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in plants and fruits were possitively influenced by varying sources of potassium. The fruit color parameters and total soluble solid were also significantly increased with all foliar potassium treatments compared with control. Foliar application of potassium sulfate recorded the highest values and significantly increase all anatomical characters for leaf, stem and fruit of pepper plant.
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McGiffne, Milton E., and Chad Hutchinson. "404 Cowpea Cover Crop Mulch Controls Weeds in Transplanted Bell Peppers." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 462D—462. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.462d.
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A 2-year field project was conducted in Thermal, Calif., on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) mulch as an alternative weed control option in pepper (Capsicum annuum) production. Treatments included a bare ground production system with hand weeding, bare ground with no weeding, a cowpea mulch production system with hand weeding, and cowpea mulch with no weeding. Cowpea was seeded in July in 76-cm beds and irrigated with a buried drip line. In September, irrigation water was turned off to dry cowpea plants. The cowpea plants then were cut at the soil-line to form mulch. Pepper plants were transplanted into mulch and fertilized through the drip line. Every 2 weeks, the number of weeds emerged and pepper plant heights were recorded. In December, fruit production, pepper plant dry weight, and weed dry weight were recorded. Fewer weeds emerged in the cowpea mulch than the conventional bare ground system. At harvest, weed populations in nonweeded cowpea mulch were reduced 80% and 90% compared to nonweeded bare ground for 1997 and 1998, respectively. Weed dry weights in nonweeded treatments were 67% and 90% less than weed dry weights in nonweeded bare ground over the same period. Pepper plants in cowpea mulch produced 202% and 156% more dry weight than on bare ground in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Pepper plants in cowpea mulch produced more fruit weight than in bare ground with similar fruit size. Cowpea mulch provided season-long weed control without herbicides while promoting plant growth and fruit production.
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Dayton, Daniel M., Sushila Chaudhari, Katherine M. Jennings, David W. Monks, and Greg W. Hoyt. "Effect of Drip-Applied Metam-Sodium andS-Metolachlor on Yellow Nutsedge and Common Purslane in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper and Tomato." Weed Technology 31, no. 3 (June 2017): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.16.
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Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of metam sodium andS-metolachlor applied through drip irrigation on yellow nutsedge, common purslane, bell pepper, and tomato (injury and yield) in plasticulture. Treatments consisted of weed-free, weedy,S-metolachlor alone at 0.85 kg ha-1, methyl bromide, metam sodium (43, 86, 176, and 358 kg ai ha–1) alone, and metam sodium (43, 86, 176, and 358 kg ai ha–1) followed byS-metolachlor at 0.85 kg ha–1. Metam sodium andS-metolachlor was applied preplant 2 wk before and 2 wk after transplanting (WAT) through drip irrigation, respectively. No injury was observed to bell pepper and tomato from metam sodium alone, or metam sodium fbS-metolachlor treatments. With the exception of yellow nutsedge density 15 WAT in bell pepper, herbicide program did not influence yellow nutsedge and common purslane density at 4 and 6 WAT and bell pepper and tomato yield. At 15 WAT, yellow nutsedge density was lower in treatments that received metam sodium fbS-metolachlor compared to those treatments that only received metam sodium. Drip-applied metam sodium at 176 and 358 kg ha–1in both bell pepper and tomato provided similar control of common purslane, and yellow nutsedge, produced comparable yields, and failed to elicit any negative crop growth responses when compared to MeBr. In conclusion, metam sodium at 176 and 358 kg ha–1fbS-metolachlor 0.85 kg ha–1is an effective MeBr alternative for season long weed control in plasticulture bell pepper and tomato.
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Cruz-Huerta, Nicacio, Jeffrey G. Williamson, and Rebecca L. Darnell. "Low Night Temperature Increases Ovary Size in Sweet Pepper Cultivars." HortScience 46, no. 3 (March 2011): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.3.396.
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Cool night temperatures have been reported to induce ovary swelling and consequent fruit deformation in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), resulting in unmarketable fruit. This response is a serious limitation to the success of winter production systems for bell pepper. Limited work has been done with other types of sweet pepper, so it is unknown how universal this response is. Furthermore, most prior work has examined effects on ovary diameter only, and there is limited characterization of other ovary traits in response to cool night temperature. The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of low night temperature on ovary characteristics in different sweet pepper cultivars and to determine the parts of the ovary that are most affected by these factors. Three types of sweet pepper (bell, long-fruited, and cherry) were exposed to 22/20 or 22/12 °C day:night temperatures and flowers at anthesis were continuously harvested throughout the experiments. Ovary fresh weight (FW), diameter, and length across all types (and cultivars within type) were greater under 22/12 °C compared with 22/20 °C. The increase in ovary FW was the result of increases in both ovary wall and placenta FW. In general, all cultivars exhibited increases in ovary size under 12 °C compared with 20 °C night temperature. Differences in ovary FW resulting from night temperature became more pronounced with time. These results indicate that low night temperature effects on ovary swelling may be a universal response among sweet pepper types. Three to 4 weeks are required for maximum swelling response, suggesting that flower buds must be exposed to low night temperatures within the first week after flower bud initiation, because previous work found that flower bud initiation in bell pepper takes ≈4 weeks. However, the duration of low night temperatures necessary for this response remains unknown.
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PASCUA JR, S. R., W. VENTURA, E. O. AGUSTIN, A. T. PADRE, D. A. VALENCIA, T. F. MARCOS, P. C. STA. CRUZ, S. R. OBIEN, and J. K. LADHA. "YIELD TRENDS AND APPARENT NUTRIENT BALANCES IN INTENSIFIED AND DIVERSIFIED RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS." Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 2 (April 1999): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447979900201x.
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A long-term field trial was conducted to determine yield trends in relation to nutrient uptake and efficiency in different rice-based cropping systems. The cropping systems had a significant effect on wet season rice yield when residues were not recycled but had no effect otherwise. Rice yield decreased after the first year of crop residue incorporation but increased every year thereafter. Rice yield was significantly affected by residual nutrients applied to dry season crops. The highest residual effect was observed in tomato and sweet pepper to which the highest nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) rates were applied. Maize, sweet pepper, and tomato responded well to NPK application, garlic had a low response and mungbean had no response. A relay crop served as a catch crop for excess nutrients and as shade to minimize sunscald effects for tomato and sweet pepper fruits.
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Frary, Anne, M. Ali Keçeli, Bilal Ökmen, Hasan Ö. Şιğva, Ahmet Yemenicioğlu, and Sami Doğanlar. "Water-soluble Antioxidant Potential of Turkish Pepper Cultivars." HortScience 43, no. 3 (June 2008): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.631.
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In this work, 29 pepper cultivars that represent the diversity of types and varieties grown in Turkey were analyzed for water-soluble antioxidant capacity and phenolic and vitamin C contents. In addition, 14 non-Turkish cultivars were tested for comparison. Significant diversity was observed in the different cultivars with the most variation (7.4-fold) seen for total antioxidant capacity, which ranged from 2.57 to 18.96 mmol Trolox/kg. Vitamin C content for the peppers ranged from 522 to 1631 mg·kg−1, a 3.1-fold difference, whereas total phenolic content for the pepper cultivars ranged from 607 to 2724 mg·kg−1, a 4.5-fold difference. When cultivars were grouped by morphology/use, it was found that some types had significantly more variation and higher antioxidant activities than other types. Thus, for water-soluble antioxidant capacity, most variation was seen in long, blunt-ended Çarliston types, whereas long, pointed Sivri peppers had the highest mean capacity. Bell-shaped Dolmalιk and Sivri peppers had the most variation for phenolic content, but fancy Süs and Sivri types had the highest means for this trait. Dolmalιk types showed the most variation for vitamin C content, whereas Süs and Sivri peppers had the highest means for this character. All three parameters were significantly and positively correlated with the strongest correlation between total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content (r = 0.71). The presence of significant variation for antioxidant content in Turkish germplasm indicates that this material can be used for improvement and genetic mapping of nutritional content in pepper.