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1
Roy, Amlan Jyoti, Bhargavjyoti Sharma, Avinab Das, Sajid-ul Haque, and Dr Runumi Sarma. "Long Range RF- Text based Communication System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 8 (2023): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55242.
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Abstract: With the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and other wireless applications in recent years the need for long-range and low-power communication systems has increased. This issue can be resolved by application of LoRa (Long Range) technology, which offers a long-range, low-power, and dependable communication system. LoRa is a wireless modulation technique derived from Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) technology. It encodes information on radio waves using chirp pulses in a way similar to the communication principles used naturally by dolphins and bats. LoRa modulated transmission is robust against disturbances and can be received across large distances. In this paper a study on long-range RF text-based communication utilizing LoRa module is presented
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A. Al-Shareeda, Mahmood, Abeer Abdullah Alsadhan, Hamzah H. Qasim, and Selvakumar Manickam. "Long range technology for internet of things: review, challenges, and future directions." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 6 (2023): 3758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i6.5214.
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New networking issues are presented by the increasing need for a wide variety of applications, which has spurred the creation of a new internet of things (IoT) paradigm, such as long range (LoRa). The LoRa protocol uses a patented kind of spread spectrum modulation to provide low-power, long-range communication. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of LoRa-IoT in terms of IoT applications, LoRa class, security and privacy requirements, and the evolution of LoRa technology. This review analysis and compares long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) to wireless technology (e.g., Bluetooth, LoRa, 5G, Sigfox, long term evolution-M (LTE-M), Wi-Fi, Z-wave, Zigbee) and provides a list of environment simulators (e.g., OMNeT++, MATLAB, ns-3, SimPy) to carry out experiment for LoRa-IoT. Finally, this review does not only review literature recently studied for LoRa-IoT but also discusses challenges and future directions.
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Siti, Fatimah Abdul Razak, Yogarayan Sumendra, Hisham Kamis Noor, Fikri Azli Abdullah Mohd., and Yusof Ibrahim. "Application and growth of long-range communications technology in vehicular communications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 3484–97. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp3484-3497.
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Long range communications technology (LoRa) has been widely used in a variety of applications and researched in different domains to exploit its full potential. Its openness makes it ideal for a variety of internet of things (IoT) installations which further allows opportunities for viable solutions in vehicular communications. Hence, a bibliometric analysis was performed to distinguish the application and growth of the technology specifically in vehicular communications. The scoping review processes from Arksey and O’Malley was applied to guide the review process. The selected scholarly works adhered to the PRISMA-Sc framework where 385 articles from two main electronic databases, i.e., Scopus and Science Direct which discussed LoRa in vehicular communications contexts were assessed. This study aims to examine how LoRa’s research has grown from year 2010 to 2021 among the scholars and determine key areas discussed in LoRa’s vehicular communications research. Findings from 70 studies in the final analysis indicated that LoRa has been widely studied based on application, theoretical or protocol and performance. However, it has not been widely explored in vehicular context. Hence, our findings support the global research community in this context.
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Saletović, Enes, Nevzudin Buzađija, and Đulaga Hadžić. "Long-Range Remote Control Based on LoRa Transceivers." B&H Electrical Engineering 17, no. 2 (2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhee-2023-0011.
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Abstract Within this paper, the possibility of using advanced LoRa technology in the field of long-range remote control was considered. For testing purposes, a one-way point-to-point LoRa remote control link was implemented based on the LoRa Ra-02 SX1278 transceiver and the corresponding 32-bit Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The remote control application software is developed in the Arduino development environment. The implemented link was tested experimentally to check the range, data transfer speed and link stability. Test results show that LoRa transceiver modules can be used in the field of long-range remote control.
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Mog, Lee Kyung. "Smartphone-Operated Smart Farm Watering System Using Long-Range Communication Technology." Agricultural Engineering 27, no. 1 (2023): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agriceng-2023-0005.
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Abstract Keeping proper soil moisture is essential in growing good quality and efficient fruit yield. To that effect, soil moisture level must be controlled, to maintain proper watering. A smartphone application was developed to operate a smart farm watering system. It monitors the soil’s moisture and launches sprayers to water dried areas. The system’s architecture was built in a distributed client-server computing system, in a small computing grid. The grid was built across long range (LoRa) communication networks with the same ID, but different addresses. In terms of integration, the system was built using autonomous microprocessors, which consist of a server and five client microprocessors. A smartphone was used as the server of a central controller, and four moisture detection modules and a water spraying system module were used as autonomous clients. The server was inter-connected with the clients via a star-type topology network in the polling processes. Each client module autonomously analyzes the measured digital voltage of the moisture sensor plugged into the soil. When the server sends queries regarding the status of the moisture level, the client sends the request signal to the server using the LoRa communication technology. The communication between the server and the clients is based on the LoRa communication technology. The LoRa-to-Bluetooth converter is used to connect the Bluetooth and the LoRa signal. The field test was performed in a watermelon field, with an area of approximately 6600 m2. The water spraying system constructed with LoRa communication technology could successfully manage and control the moisture level in the field test.
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Hai-Phong, Phan, Van-Kiem Duong, Thi-Kieu Tran, Viet-Dung Vo, and Huu-Hanh Hoang. "A Low Power – Long Range IoT Development Board based on LoRa Technology." Hue University Journal of Science: Techniques and Technology 131, no. 2B (2022): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueunijtt.v131i2b.6795.
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LoRa is an advanced technology investigated and applied widely to the IoT field because of its power efficiency and wireless connection. Therefore, a development kit supporting LoRa technology is a vital device that helps engineers to develop a faster and more stable IoT – LoRa-based system. The development kit not only requires a small size to be easily integrated into other systems but also has a low power consumption to adapt to the requirement of IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a development kit for an IoT platform using LoRa technology. The power consumption and Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of this kit are addressed. The development kit works well, as anticipated.
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Diana, Mery, Refdinal Nazir, and Arief Rufiyanto. "Harvesting RF Ambient Energy dari End Device LoRa (Long Range Access)." JURNAL INFOTEL 9, no. 4 (2017): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v9i4.282.
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RF Energy Harvesting is a technology that harvest RF ambient energy from the wearable devices. One of wearable devices that can act as a source is LoRa end device. LoRa (Long Range Access) is part of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) which operate in unlicensed frequency (ISM). As a technology of wireless network, end devices of LoRa will be taken in remote area that hardly to access. End device LoRa acts as a transceiver that transmits and receives data from the gateway. As a transceiver, the LoRa end device requires energy availability. In remote area, RF ambient energy from the LoRa end device can be utilized as a source of RF energy that can be harvested and stored This paper discusses how to harvest the RF ambient energy emitted by the LoRa end device using the microstrip antenna as the receiver and the voltage multiplier as both a rectifier and a voltage multiplier. The energy harvested from one end device and stored temporarily in the capacitor is 163pJ with a distance 11 cm from the source. This harvested energy can be stored on battery or capasitor bank to be used in future
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Nga, Le Cong, Cuong Quoc Pham, and Tran Ngoc Thinh. "Energy-Efficiency Approach for Long Range Wireless Communication." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, no. 3 (2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3i3.532.
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According to recent researches, the wireless sensor networks (WSN) which consume low levels of energy become more and more popular nowadays, so the research trend of optimizing energy for WSNs is rapidly increasing. LoRa technology is a modulation technique that provides long-range transfer of information and low power consumes. Besides, LoRaWAN is a network protocol that optimized for battery-powered end devices. The LoRa and LoRaWAN can be considered a suitable candidate for WSNs, which can reduce power consumption and extend the communication range. In this paper, we studied adaptive mechanisms in the transmission parameters of the LoRa network and proposed an energy-optimized solution for the adaptive algorithm. This research not only introduced the reference hardware of a sensor node in WSNs but also conducted experiments on typical LoRa network infrastructure
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Samer, Alabed, Alsaraira Amer, Mostaf Nour, Al-Rabayah Mohammad, Kotb Yehia, and A. Saraereh Omar. "Implementing and developing secure low-cost long-range system using speech signal processing." Implementing and developing secure low-cost long-range system using speech signal processing 31, no. 3 (2023): 1408–19. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1408-1419.
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In the proposed work, we present a secure low-cost speech communication system for long-distance communication. The system utilizes long range (LoRa) technology to transmit speech signals. LoRa technology uses spreadspectrum modulation to enable long-range communication with low power consumption. LoRa modulation allows for data transfer at a slow speed, typically below 22 kbps, which makes it infeasible for transmitting speech. To address this limitation, we suggest a speech coding technique that reduces the overall data rate of speech signals to below 7.5 kbps. This lower rate is more compatible with the LoRa module and ideal for transmitting speech. Moreover, this technique can improve the LoRa transmission range. Additionally, we have developed an encryption-decryption method to ensure the privacy of the messages and prevent unauthorized access by third parties.
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Alabed, Samer, Amer Alsaraira, Nour Mostafa, Mohammad Al-Rabayah, Yehia Kotb, and Omar A. Saraereh. "Implementing and developing secure low-cost long-range system using speech signal processing." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 31, no. 3 (2023): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1408-1419.
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In the proposed work, we present a secure low-cost speech communication system for long-distance communication. The system utilizes long range (LoRa) technology to transmit speech signals. LoRa technology uses spread-spectrum modulation to enable long-range communication with low power consumption. LoRa modulation allows for data transfer at a slow speed, typically below 22 kbps, which makes it infeasible for transmitting speech. To address this limitation, we suggest a speech coding technique that reduces the overall data rate of speech signals to below 7.5 kbps. This lower rate is more compatible with the LoRa module and ideal for transmitting speech. Moreover, this technique can improve the LoRa transmission range. Additionally, we have developed an encryption-decryption method to ensure the privacy of the messages and prevent unauthorized access by third parties.
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Purnomo, F. A., N. M. Yoeseph, A. Yulianto, Y. I. Royan, and M. A. Safi’ie. "Development of wind monitoring systems with LoRA technology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 989, no. 1 (2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/989/1/012011.
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Abstract The purpose of this research is to design and build a wind monitoring system with LoRA (Low Range) technology. This system can observe the value of wind speed, air temperature, and humidity. All of these data must be processed in order to obtain information on the current state of the air. Existing information can be used as a reference for decision making or as a sign of a threat. In this monitoring system, the observation of air conditions uses wireless LoRa (Long Range) technology as a data transmission tool. In this experiment, two LoRa nodes are used and one Lora Gateway is used. There are two sensors used in this case, namely anemometer and BME280. Sensors contained in the LoRa node take data on wind speed, air temperature, and humidity. The LoRa node sends all the data to the LoRa Gateway. LoRa gateway connected by wifi will forward to the server (The Things Network and Firebase). The test results from this study show that the average time for sending LoRa node data to being sent to firebase is 0.25 seconds. LoRA devices with a 3 cm long antenna can communicate at a maximum distance of 400 m.
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Razak, Siti Fatimah Abdul, Sumendra Yogarayan, Muhammad Idil Abdul Rahman, et al. "TRANSMITTING SPEED AND DISTANCE DATA OVER LONG-RANGE COMMUNICATION FOR CONNECTED VEHICLES." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 57, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.57.1.1.
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Long-range (LoRa) technology is vastly developing in a significant country that evolves around the Internet of Things (IoT) interest. Such IoT accomplishments include the development of smart cities, long-range monitoring systems, and M2M industries. LoRa technology is making its mark in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, but it is yet to be fully explored. This study focused on developing and establishing communication between two LoRa powered devices and evaluating their performances upon deploying a prototype in an actual environment. The prototype is designed with bidirectional communication between two LoRa nodes that could exchange data for user references. Moreover, in the context of having V2V communication, speed and distance are involved in determining the exchange of data. The performance is evaluated in terms of data transmission consistency and reliability. The experimental results revealed that LoRa is applicable for V2V communication within a specific condition; however, there is a need for a more extensive experiment to be carried for a major rolled out of deployment.
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Noor-A-Rahim, Md, M. Omar Khyam, Apel Mahmud, Xinde Li, Dirk Pesch, and H. Vincent Poor. "Hybrid Chirp Signal Design for Improved Long-Range (LoRa) Communications." Signals 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals3010001.
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Long-range (LoRa) communication has attracted much attention recently due to its utility for many Internet of Things applications. However, one of the key problems of LoRa technology is that it is vulnerable to noise/interference due to the use of only up-chirp signals during modulation. In this paper, to solve this problem, unlike the conventional LoRa modulation scheme, we propose a modulation scheme for LoRa communication based on joint up- and down-chirps. A fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based demodulation scheme is devised to detect modulated symbols. To further improve the demodulation performance, a hybrid demodulation scheme, comprised of FFT- and correlation-based demodulation, is also proposed. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through extensive simulation results. Compared to the conventional LoRa modulation scheme, we show that the proposed scheme exhibits over 3 dB performance gain at a bit error rate of 10−4.
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Ms., Helina Tandel, Anjali Gharat Ms., and Ketan Bagade Mr. "LoRa Technology - DNA of IoT." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 4, no. 1 (2019): 681–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3606168.
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Although many techniques exist to transfer data from the widely distributed sensors that make up the Internet of Things IoT e.g., using 3G 4G networks or cables , these methods are associated with prohibitively high costs, making them impractical for real life applications. LoRa Long Range modulation together with LoRaWAN LoRa Wide Area Networks communication protocol can represent a suitable candidate ensuring a high level of performance in wireless technologies. The objective is to contribute toward the realization of LoRa as a viable communication technology for applications that needs long range links and deployed in a distributed manner. The LoRaWAN networks are the evolution of wireless sensor networks directed to the IoT concept, which entails sensor connectivity to the Internet. LoRa technology is summarized by reviewing some aspects regarding the architecture, security and application of the technology. Ms. Helina Tandel | Ms. Anjali Gharat | Mr. Ketan Bagade "LoRa Technology - DNA of IoT" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28102.pdf
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Gupta, K. Govardhani. "GSM Less Communication Over Long-Range Using LoRa (SX1278) Module." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 1 (2025): 172–77. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66208.
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Communication is the key to establishing a connection between devices. The ability of devices to communicate with each other and provide required output according to user requirements is most important in today’s technology field. The most common communication is Zigbee, Wi-Fi, and others are short-range, and GSM is required. This leads to difficulties in deploying IoT solutions in areas without cellular (GPRS, EDGE,3G, LTE/4G) coverage and gross reduction in the battery life of devices. Thus, to provide better connection in all areas, we need low power, long range, and security to deploy. This is where LoRa comes in. LoRa (Long Range) is a wireless communication technology combining ultra-low power consumption with an effective long range. It ranges between 13-15 km which indicates that a single LoRa gateway can provide the entire coverage of the city, and with a couple of it, a whole country can be covered. This paper aims to provide you with the necessary knowledge to transmit messages across vast distances by utilizing Arduino boards, a duo of SX1278 LoRa Transceiver modules, a pair of HC05 or HC06 Bluetooth modules, and a pair of OLED screens.
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Sak, Kwai Yang, and Ahmad Najmuddin Ibrahim. "Field Study of Low-Energy Long-Distance Wireless Communication for IoT Application in Remote Areas." MEKATRONIKA 2, no. 1 (2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v2i1.6731.
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Long Range (LoRa) is a wireless radio frequency technology under the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN). LoRa is able to communicate long range and low energy consumption. The communication range has become an essential element in the wireless radio frequency technology in the Internet of Things (IoT). The presence of LoRa is able IoT application performs in long communication distances with high noise sensitivity ability. People can operate, monitor, and do a variety of tasks from a remote distance. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the performance of the LoRa connection between radio transceivers in remote locations. The different environment and structural elements affect the LoRa performance. This thesis will be supported by the experiment that LoRa communication in different environments and tests. This experiment tests in line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS). Two sets of LoRa parameters, including Spreading Factor (SF), Bandwidth, and coding rate, are tested in different environments. The experiment tests the LoRa performance in various aspects: received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and packet received ratio (PPR) at different coverage ranges. In addition, the LoRa performance is evaluated in university, residential areas and vegetation areas under similar temperature, weather, and time. The LoRa coverage distance in the vegetation area and university area is reached 900 meters in the LOS test. Still, the vegetation area's signal is more stable and able to receive weaker RSSI signals. The LoRa coverage distance in the NLOS test is shorter compared to the LOS test. NLOS test has only one-third of the LOS LoRa communication distance. It is due to the signal penetration on structural elements such as buildings and woods cause the signal power loss and only transmitting a shorter distance. The LoRa parameter with SF9, 31.25kHz bandwidth and 4/8 coding rate has a better coverage range and stable connection.
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Lavric, Alexandru. "LoRa (Long-Range) High-Density Sensors for Internet of Things." Journal of Sensors 2019 (February 24, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3502987.
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Over the past few years, there has been a growing awareness regarding the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), which involves connecting to the Internet various objects surrounding us in everyday life. The main purpose of this concept closely connected to the smart city issue is increasing the quality of life by contributing to streamlining resource consumption and protecting the environment. The LoRa communication mechanism is a physical layer of the LoRaWAN protocol, defined by the LoRa Alliance. Compared to other existing technologies, LoRa is a modulation technique enabling the transfer of information over a range of tens of kilometers. The main contribution this paper brings to the field is analyzing the scalability of the LoRa technology and determining the maximum number of sensors which can be integrated into this type of monitoring and control architecture. The sensor architecture is specific to the smart city concept that involves the integration of a large number of high-density sensors distributed on a large-scale geographic area. The reason behind this study is the need to assess the scalability of the LoRa technology, taking into consideration other factors, such as the packet payload size, the duty circle parameter, the spreading factor, and the number of nodes. The experimental results reveal that the maximum number of LoRa sensors that can communicate on the same channel is 1,500; furthermore, in order to obtain a high performance level, it is necessary to schedule and plan the network as carefully as possible. The spreading factor must be allocated according to the distance at which the sensor is placed from the gateway.
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Abdul Razak, Siti Fatimah, Sumendra Yogarayan, Noor Hisham Kamis, Mohd Fikri Azli Abdullah, and Ibrahim Yusof. "Application and growth of long-range communications technology in vehicular communications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 3484. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp3484-3497.
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<p><span lang="EN-US">Long range communications technology (LoRa) has been widely used in a variety of applications and researched in different domains to exploit its full potential. Its openness makes it ideal for a variety of internet of things (IoT) installations which further allows opportunities for viable solutions in vehicular communications. Hence, a bibliometric analysis was performed to distinguish the application and growth of the technology specifically in vehicular communications. The scoping review processes from Arksey and O’Malley was applied to guide the review process. The selected scholarly works adhered to the PRISMA-Sc framework where 385 articles from two main electronic databases, i.e., Scopus and Science Direct which discussed LoRa in vehicular communications contexts were assessed. This study aims to: i) examine how LoRa’s research has grown from year 2010 to 2021 among the scholars; ii) determine key areas discussed in LoRa’s vehicular communications research. Findings from 70 studies in the final analysis indicated that LoRa has been widely studied based on application, theoretical or protocol and performance. However, it has not been widely explored in vehicular context. Hence, our findings support the global research community in this context.</span></p>
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Daramouskas, Ioannis, Isidoros Perikos, Michael Paraskevas, Vaios Lappas, and Vaggelis Kapoulas. "Performance Analysis for Time Difference of Arrival Localization in Long-Range Networks." Smart Cities 7, no. 5 (2024): 2514–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7050098.
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LoRa technology is a recent technology belonging to the Low Power and Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), which offers distinct advantages for wireless communications and possesses unique features. Among others, it can be used for localization procedures offering minimal energy consumption and quite long-range transmissions. However, the exact capabilities of LoRa localization performance are yet to be employed thoroughly. This article examines the efficiency of the LoRa technology in localization tasks using Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) measurements. An extensive and concrete experimental study was conducted in a real-world setup on the University of Patras campus, employing both real-world data and simulations to assess the precision of geodetic coordinate determination. Through our experiments, we implemented advanced localization algorithms, including Social Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Least Squares, and Chan techniques. The results are quite interesting and highlight the conditions and parameters that result in accurate LoRa-based localization in real-world scenarios in smart cities. In our context, we were able to achieve state-of-the-art localization results reporting localization errors as low as 300 m in a quite complex 8 km × 6 km real-world environment.
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Kumari, Popuri Rajani, Chalasani Suneetha, Lakshmi Vadlamudi Sri, Nakka Rama Priya, Bodapati Venkata Rajanna, and Ambarapu Sudhakar. "Long range based effective field monitoring system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 2 (2024): 847–53. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i2.pp847-853.
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Adoption of the internet of things (IoT) is moving forward quickly because of the developments in communication protocols and technology involving sensors. The IoT is promoting real-time agricultural field monitoring from any distant place. For the IoT to be implemented effectively there are a number of agricultural issues related to less power usage and long-distance transfer of data are to be addressed. By using LoRa, which is a wireless communication system for IoT applications, these difficulties can be avoided when sending information from fields of crops to a web server. Acustomized sensor node and LoRa are used in this work to transmit continuously updated information to a remote server. Monitoring the quality of water, and reducing wasteful use of water are the main goals.
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Kavitha, S., K. Kanchana, and G. Venkatesan. "Long Range (LoRa) and Alert Network System for Forest Fire Prediction." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 6 (2023): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230080.
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Forest fires are a regular occurrence throughout the year with an increasing intensity in the summer and fall periods. Forest fires pose a significant threat to ecosystems, property and human lives. Early detection and rapid response are critical to mitigate the devastating effects of these fires. This article presents a Long Range (LoRa) Alert Network System designed for the early prediction and timely notification of forest fires. The system leverages LoRa technology to create a robust and cost-effective wireless communication network in remote forested areas. These fires primarily stem from various natural and environmental phenomena and natural disasters. The timely dissemination of forest fire alerts was hampered, resulting in delays in fire management. In order to address this issue, efforts were made to enhance the capability for prompt forest fire detection. The challenges predominantly revolve around forested regions where data communication infrastructure is deficient. In the event of a forest fire, there exists a network barrier that impedes information transmission. Consequently, forest fire detection systems leveraging Mesh LoRa networks and image processing networks have been devised. An integrated module within the LoRa/GPS HAT has been explored as a potential solution to the fire predicament. The Flame Sensor Module, functioning as a fire detection sensor component, and the LoRa/GPS HAT, serving as a hardware medium for radio frequency data transmission communication, have been employed. The interconnection of these devices within a network facilitates the development of a prototype fire detection system. Combining a Flame Sensor Module with a LoRa/GPS HAT is indeed a viable approach to creating a prototype fire detection and alert system. By combining the Flame Sensor Module with the LoRa/GPS HAT, a scalable and cost-effective fire detection and alert system appropriate for distant and wooded locations with limited traditional communication infrastructure is created. This system can play a crucial role in early fire detection, potentially reducing the severity of forest fires and protecting both natural resources and human lives.
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Prauzek, Michal, Tereza Paterova, Martin Stankus, Miroslav Mikus, and Jaromir Konecny. "Analysis of LoRaWAN Transactions for TEG-Powered Environment-Monitoring Devices." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 28, no. 3 (2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.31265.
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Long-Range (LoRa) transmission technology is potentially a suitable solution in abundant applications such as smart cities, smart industries, smart health, and others, although it is challenging and complex to implement. LoRa is a non-cellular modulation technology for Long-Range Wide-Area Networks (LoRaWAN) and is suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) solutions through its long-range and low-power consumption characteristics. The present paper provides a comprehensive analysis of LoRa wireless transactions through several measurements, which differ in LoRa parameter configuration. The results showed dependency of the power consumed by the transaction on the selected Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). The quantity of energy consumed by the transaction also significantly depends on the selected data rate (combination of the spread factor and bandwidth) and payload.
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Suhermanto, Dimas Ahmad Nur Kholis, Widi Aribowo, Hisham A. Shehadeh, et al. "Monitoring DC Motor Based On LoRa and IOT." Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) 5, no. 1 (2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v5i1.19642.
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Electrical energy efficiency is a dynamic in itself that continues to be driven by electrical energy providers. In this work, long-range (LoRa) technology is used to monitor DC motors. In the modern world, IoT is becoming increasingly prevalent. Embedded systems are now widely used in daily life. More can be done remotely in terms of control and monitoring. LoRa is a new technology discovered and developing rapidly. LoRa technology addresses the need for battery-operated embedded devices. LoRa technology is a long-range, low-power technology. In this investigation, a LoRa transmitter and a LoRa receiver were employed. This study employed a range of cases to test the LoRa device. In the first instance, there are no barriers, whereas there are in the second instance. The results of the two trials showed that the LoRa transmitter and receiver had successful communication. In this study, the room temperature is used to control DC motors. So that the DC motor's speed adjusts to fluctuations in the room's temperature. Additionally, measuring tools and the sensors utilised in this investigation were contrasted. The encoder sensor and the INA 219 sensor were the two measured sensors employed in this study. According to the findings of the experiment, the tool was functioning properly.
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Xiao, Yang, Yunfan Chen, Mingxing Nie, Tao Zhu, Zhenyu Liu, and Chao Liu. "Exploring LoRa and Deep Learning-Based Wireless Activity Recognition." Electronics 12, no. 3 (2023): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030629.
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Today’s wireless activity recognition research still needs to be practical, mainly due to the limited sensing range and weak through-wall effect of the current wireless activity recognition based on Wi-Fi, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID), etc. Although some recent research has demonstrated that LoRa can be used for long-range and wide-range wireless sensing, no pertinent studies have been conducted on LoRa-based wireless activity recognition. This paper proposes applying long-range LoRa wireless communication technology to contactless wide-range wireless activity recognition. We propose LoRa and deep learning for contactless indoor activity recognition for the first time and propose a more lightweight improved TPN (Transformation Prediction Network, TPN) backbone network. At the same time, using only two features of the LoRa signal amplitude and phase as the input of the model, the experimental results demonstrate that the effect is better than using the original signal directly. The recognition accuracy reaches 97%, which also demonstrate that the LoRa wireless communication technology can be used for wide-range activity recognition, and the recognition accuracy can meet the needs of engineering applications.
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Rajani Kumari, Popuri, Chalasani Suneetha, Vadlamudi Sri Lakshmi, Nakka Rama Priya, Bodapati Venkata Rajanna, and Ambarapu Sudhakar. "Long range based effective field monitoring system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 2 (2024): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i2.pp847-853.
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<p><span>Adoption of the internet of things (IoT) is moving forward quickly because of the developments in communication protocols and technology involving sensors. The IoT is promoting real-time agricultural field monitoring from any distant place. For the IoT to be implemented effectively there are a number of agricultural issues related to less power usage and long-distance transfer of data are to be addressed. By using LoRa, which is a wireless communication system for IoT applications, these difficulties can be avoided when sending information from fields of crops to a web server. Acustomized sensor node and LoRa are used in this work to transmit continuously updated information to a remote server. Monitoring the quality of water, and reducing wasteful use of water are the main goals.</span></p>
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Chavala, Lakshmi Narayana, Singh Rajesh, and Gehlot Anita. "Performance evaluation of LoRa based sensor node and gateway architecture for oil pipeline management." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 974–82. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp974-982.
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These days, the oil industrial industry is leaning toward employing smart field improvements to streamline various activities in the midstream area. Oil transportation over large distances via pipelines has a cheap cost and high efficiency in this sector. If pipelines are not properly maintained, they may fail, potentially causing catastrophic, long-term, and irreversible consequences on both natural and human conditions. Low power wide area networks (LPWANs) are without a doubt one of the domains that cause the most from industrial fields when it comes to realizing the vision of the internet of things (IoT). Long-range (LoRa) is an emerging LPWAN technology that is particularly useful for transmitting data over long distances. The goal of this work is to offer a methodology for managing oil pipelines over long distances utilizing the LoRa communication protocol and the installation of sensor nodes and LoRa gateways along the pipeline. We also used the optimized network engineering tools (OPNET) simulator to examine various simulation findings of LoRa performance.
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Afifah Binti Masadan, Nurul, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, and Siti Hajar Yusoff. "Long range channel characteristics through foliage." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 3 (2019): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1489.
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Long Range Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRa LPWAN) technology is unique and remarkable technology because of its long-range coverage, low power consumption and low cost system architecture. These features have allowed Lora LPWAN to become a favorable option for performing communication in most of IoT wireless applications. In this paper, the foliage effect has been studied in terms of attenuation and its overall contribution to the path-loss and link budget calculations. Specifically, 5 tree types were studied and their contribution to the path loss were quantified for different path crossings (e.g., trunk, tree-top and branches). The trees are Licuala Grandis, Mimusops Elengi, Mangifera Indica, Cyrtostachys Renda and Livistona Chinensis. Mimusops Elengi tree gave the strongest mean foliage attenuation accumulating up to 20 dB, due to its big size and crown density. Trunks contribute even higher attenuation in comparison to tree-tops and branches. The Okumura/Hata, Log-normal shadowing and foliage models are used as references for this propagation models development in this paper. Our study showed that Okumura fails to capture the effect of foliage in an environment rich in trees and biodiversity. This demonstrates the need for considering the tropical environment where the characterization of foliage attenuation plays an important role in determining the propagation model path-loss and link budget needed for network design and planning.
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Nurul, Afifah Binti Masadan, Hadi Habaebi Mohamed, and Hajar Yusoff Siti. "Long range channel characteristics through foliage." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 8, no. 3 (2019): 941–50. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v8i3.1489.
Full textAbstract:
Long Range Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRa LPWAN) technology is unique and remarkable technology because of its long-range coverage, low power consumption and low cost system architecture. These features have allowed Lora LPWAN to become a favorable option for performing communication in most of IoT wireless applications. In this paper, the foliage effect has been studied in terms of attenuation and its overall contribution to the path-loss and link budget calculations. Specifically, 5 tree types were studied and their contribution to the path loss were quantified for different path crossings (e.g., trunk, tree-top and branches). The trees are Licuala Grandis, Mimusops Elengi, Mangifera Indica, Cyrtostachys Renda and Livistona Chinensis. Mimusops Elengi tree gave the strongest mean foliage attenuation accumulating up to 20 dB, due to its big size and crown density. Trunks contribute even higher attenuation in comparison to tree-tops and branches. The Okumura/Hata, Log-normal shadowing and foliage models are used as references for this propagation models development in this paper. Our study showed that Okumura fails to capture the effect of foliage in an environment rich in trees and biodiversity. This demonstrates the need for considering the tropical environment where the characterization of foliage attenuation plays an important role in determining the propagation model path-loss and link budget needed for network design and planning.
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Askhedkar, Anjali R., Bharat S. Chaudhari, Maha Abdelhaq, Raed Alsaqour, Rashid Saeed, and Marco Zennaro. "LoRa Communication Using TVWS Frequencies: Range and Data Rate." Future Internet 15, no. 8 (2023): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15080270.
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Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a wireless communication technology that offers large coverage, low data rates, and low power consumption, making it a suitable choice for the growing Internet of Things and machine-to-machine communication applications. Long range (LoRa), an LPWAN technology, has recently been used in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band for various low-power wireless applications. The coverage and data rate supported by these devices in the ISM band is well-studied in the literature. In this paper, we study the usage of TV white spaces (TVWS) for LoRa transmissions to address the growing spectrum demand. Additionally, the range and data rate of TVWS-based LoRa, for different transmission parameter values using different path-loss models and for various scenarios such as free space, outdoor and indoor are investigated. A path-loss model for TVWS-based LoRa is also proposed and explored, and the evaluations show that TVWS offers a longer range. This range and data rate study would be useful for efficient network planning and system design for TVWS-based LoRa LPWANs.
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Wang, Frank Ce. "Design and Implementation of Intelligent Traffic Signal Light Control System based on LoRa Technology." Applied and Computational Engineering 117, no. 1 (2025): 107–13. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.20314.
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The acceleration of urbanization has left cities around the world facing significant challenges, including traffic congestion and inefficient management. Intelligent transportation systems provide new technological means to address these issues, especially in traffic signal control, where advanced communication technologies play an important role in facilitating the process. The potential of long range radio (LoRa) technology in intelligent traffic signal control systems is attracting growing interest, largely due to its capacity for long-range transmission and low power consumption. This paper explores the potential benefits of LoRa technology in traffic flow monitoring and signal control by reviewing existing studies, especially in the field of long-distance transmission and low-power communication. The study indicates that LoRa technology can effectively boost the efficacy of traffic management, reduce traffic congestion, and provide technical support for the development of future intelligent transportation systems. Nevertheless, the stability of LoRa technology in high-density urban environments and its integration with other technologies still present challenges. Further research can investigate the anti-jamming ability, communication rate optimization, and its potential for wider application of LoRa technology in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) to promote more efficient urban traffic management
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Azwar, Hamid. "Sistem Telemetri Nirkabel Menggunakan Long Range (LoRa) untuk Deteksi Dini Kebakaran Hutan." Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan (ELEMENTER), Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023) (May 31, 2023): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35143/elementer.v9i1.5866.
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Wireless telemetry has the advantage of increasing productivity in accessing measurement data information in real time even when the user is not at the measurement location. Various types of methods are used to implement the telemetry system. One of the methods used is sending measurement data using Long Range (LoRa). LoRa has a small power consumption and can transmit data over a longer distance compared to Wifi technology. In this research, a prototype telemetry system will be built to transmit forest fire detection sensor data using LoRa communication. The system consists of 2 nodes where the maximum delivery reach reaches 700 meters for each node and the delivery delay reaches 23.22 seconds. The temperature and humidity sensor data have an accuracy of 4% and 8%, respectively. Sending sensor data can be displayed using Blynk.
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Nugraha, Priyambada Cahya, I. Dewa Gede Hari Wisana, Dyah Titisari, and Farid Amrinsani. "Optimal Long Distance ECG Signal Data Delivery Using LoRa Technology." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 55 (March 28, 2022): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6z381m.
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world and the number one killer in Indonesia, with a mortality rate of 17.05%. The target of this research is to increase the range of electrocardiograph (ECG) equipment using LoRa Technology. With LoRa Technology, it is expected that the data transmission process can run effectively and produce an accurate ECG signal and minimal noise. The research method is by sending a heart signal from the ECG simulator by the microcontroller via LoRa Technology which is received by the PC (Personal Computer) and the ECG signal is displayed on the PC display. The most optimal setting will be obtained from the sender-receiver distance and baudrate by measuring data loss and delay. In this study, the simulated cardiac signal from the phantom ECG is fed to an analog signal processing circuit, then the signal is converted to digital and digitally filtered on the microcontroller, then the signal is sent via the LoRa HC-12 Transceiver to a PC with baudrate, distance and barrier settings. The results obtained are that data transmission can be carried out at a distance of 175 meters without a barrier and a distance of 50 meters with a barrier. This remote ECG equipment can detect heart signals and the results can be sent to a PC using LoRa Technology. The implication is that the transmission of ECG signal data via the Lora HC-12 Transceiver media can be carried out optimally at the 9600 baudrate setting.
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Astutik, Liya Yuni. "Studi Kinerja Jaringan LoRa: Optimalisasi dan Analisis Efisiensi Komunikasi Nirkabel." Jurnal Sistem Komputer dan Informatika (JSON) 5, no. 2 (2023): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/json.v5i2.7147.
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LoRa is a long-range wireless connectivity technology, considered an innovative solution for implementing the Internet of Things (IoT). This research encompasses a series of performance tests conducted under various conditions, including Line of Sight (open) and Non-Line of Sight (closed), utilizing the ISM 915 MHz frequency. The importance of testing optimization and efficiency analysis of LoRa is a key factor in ensuring the optimal performance and sustainability of this technology. The testing process involves several stages. The first test assesses the communication range of LoRa SX1276 within a building, determining its communication capabilities indoors. The second test focuses on the maximum communication range, identifying the farthest distance at which LoRa SX1276 can maintain a stable and reliable connection. The third test evaluates the performance of data transmission in a closed environment, specifically Non-Line of Sight conditions, to assess how well LoRa SX1276 maintains data transmission performance in situations with obstacles or hindrances. The fourth test assesses the resilience of LoRa SX1276 in long-term operations, evaluating the network's durability and reliability over an extended period. The fifth test conducts a comprehensive analysis of the system's performance, including aspects such as delay, data delivery, and data loss. This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the capabilities of LoRa SX1276 in various usage scenarios. The results are expected to contribute to the development and implementation of LoRa SX1276 technology in diverse applications requiring wireless connectivity with extensive range and high efficiency.
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Prajwal, C. Y., Chandan K S, M. S. Poorna Prajwal, Likith S, and Santhosh B. "Review Paper on LoRa based technologies for Vehicular and Tracking applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (2022): 1852–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40941.
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Abstract: LoRa stands For Long Range. It is a low powered wide area network derived from chirp spread spectrum technology and encodes information through chirp pulses on to the radio waves. The range of LoRa greatly varies from few meters to approximately 100 Kilometers depending on the mode of operation. The main advantage of LoRa against Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee is its long range and it is well suited for transmission of small chunks of data with low bit rates. LoRa is generally operated at 915MHz, 868MHz and 433MHz which are Sub-Giga Heartz bands. These are a part of the ISM bands which are reserved for Industrial and Medical Purposes Internationally which are free of cost and do not require any kind of licensing. Vehicular communication is a form of exchanging messages between various vehicular and roadside units regarding their location, speed and much more. The LoRa technology when integrated with Vehicular Communication establishment of green corridors for Emergency vehicles by clearing the traffic and help in reaching the destination with minimal time delay. Keywords: LoRa, ISM Bands, Vehicular Communication
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Janssen, Thomas, Noori BniLam, Michiel Aernouts, Rafael Berkvens, and Maarten Weyn. "LoRa 2.4 GHz Communication Link and Range." Sensors 20, no. 16 (2020): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164366.
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Recently, Semtech has released a Long Range (LoRa) chipset which operates at the globally available 2.4 GHz frequency band, on top of the existing sub-GHz, km-range offer, enabling hardware manufacturers to design region-independent chipsets. The SX1280 LoRa module promises an ultra-long communication range while withstanding heavy interference in this widely used band. In this paper, we first provide a mathematical description of the physical layer of LoRa in the 2.4 GHz band. Secondly, we investigate the maximum communication range of this technology in three different scenarios. Free space, indoor and urban path loss models are used to simulate the propagation of the 2.4 GHz LoRa modulated signal at different spreading factors and bandwidths. Additionally, we investigate the corresponding data rates. The results show a maximum range of 133 km in free space, 74 m in an indoor office-like environment and 443 m in an outdoor urban context. While a maximum data rate of 253.91 kbit/s can be achieved, the data rate at the longest possible range in every scenario equals 0.595 kbit/s. Due to the configurable bandwidth and lower data rates, LoRa outperforms other technologies in the 2.4 GHz band in terms of communication range. In addition, both communication and localization applications deployed in private LoRa networks can benefit from the increased bandwidth and localization accuracy of this system when compared to public sub-GHz networks.
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Akram, Shaik Vaseem, Rajesh Singh, Mohammed A. AlZain, et al. "Performance Analysis of IoT and Long-Range Radio-Based Sensor Node and Gateway Architecture for Solid Waste Management." Sensors 21, no. 8 (2021): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082774.
Full textAbstract:
Long-range radio (LoRa) communication is a widespread communication protocol that offers long range transmission and low data rates with minimum power consumption. In the context of solid waste management, only a low amount of data needs to be sent to the remote server. With this advantage, we proposed architecture for designing and developing a customized sensor node and gateway based on LoRa technology for realizing the filling level of the bins with minimal energy consumption. We evaluated the energy consumption of the proposed architecture by simulating it on the Framework for LoRa (FLoRa) simulation by varying distinct fundamental parameters of LoRa communication. This paper also provides the distinct evaluation metrics of the the long-range data rate, time on-air (ToA), LoRa sensitivity, link budget, and battery life of sensor node. Finally, the paper concludes with a real-time experimental setup, where we can receive the sensor data on the cloud server with a customized sensor node and gateway.
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Norlezah, Hashim, Idris Fakrulradzi, Nur Anisa Tuan Ab Aziz Tuan, Halma Johari Siti, Mohd Nor Rozilawati, and Ab Wahab Norfariza. "Location tracking using LoRa." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (2021): 3123–28. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3123-3128.
Full textAbstract:
Local area network (LAN) as Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee are well established technology. The biggest problem with many LAN is the battery consumption and short ranges link budgets. LoRa is a new, private, unlicensed and spread spectrum modulation technique which allows sending low rates at extremely long ranges with minimal power consumption. More importantly, there is no access fee associated with this type of wireless technology. The main idea behind this work is to conduct performance and capability analysis of a currently available LoRa transceiver. We develop a location monitoring system using LoRa and global positioning system (GPS) module and we analyze the detectable range of its data, its battery consumption as well as received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Our deployment experiment demonstrates that the system is able to detect the transmitted data within 290 meters of distances. Using 6 volts of battery AA, the transmission of data still occurred after 24 hours. This project is emphasized a location monitoring system that provide low power usage but long range.
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Bagwari, Swapnil, Ajay Roy, Rajesh Singh, and Anita Gehlot. "Disaster Monitoring based on IoT and Long Range Assisted Framework." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2327, no. 1 (2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012020.
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Abstract We encounter so many hazardous situations which effects living species and the materials they own. Due to natural calamities and environmental disasters, there is an increase in losses of lives and materials. Landslides are caused due to heavy rains, sloping of land because of earthquakes and deforestation. The research is about the preventive landslide detection and alerting system using various sensors and Arduino. The data collected by the sensors is transferred to Arduino which is further sent to NODEMCU through Lora module. The data obtained at NODEMCU will be transferred to database server for real-time monitoring and processing. Due improvement in the field of IoT systems has made the use of low cost, low power LoRA technologies to detect the environmental disaster and prevent from dangerous situations with less damage to living beings. In view to cover larger area with reduced costs and low power consumption, we used the LoRa technology for transmitting the monitoring data and Wi-Fi communication is used for sending the alerts. The processed data will be displayed on the mobile application interface.
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Setiawan, J. D., M. S. Ihsan, R. Saputro, M. Munadi, P. Paryanto, and S. Alimi. "Evaluation and development of wireless monitoring systems for an autonomous sailboat." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2193, no. 1 (2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012050.
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Abstract In this study, the performance of the Long-Range (LoRa) communication and 3DR Radio Telemetry modules was evaluated. The suitability of these two communication options was assessed for the application on an autonomous sailboat prototype. The communication range and power consumption of each module are the primary factors for selection. The test results found that LoRa technology can send data stably with a range of up to 10.5 km, while the 3DR Radio Telemetry module can only send data stably up to 300 m. The LoRa technology consumes 9.56 Wh of electrical energy per day for the autonomous sailboat application, while the 3DR Radio Telemetry consumes 11.07 Wh of electrical energy per day. It was decided that LoRA technology would be implemented on the autonomous sailboat.
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Almuhaya, Mukarram A. M., Waheb A. Jabbar, Noorazliza Sulaiman, and Suliman Abdulmalek. "A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions." Electronics 11, no. 1 (2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010164.
Full textAbstract:
Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology has attracted much interest from both industry and academia due to networking autonomous architecture and an open standard specification. This paper presents a comparative review of five selected driving LPWAN technologies, including NB-IoT, SigFox, Telensa, Ingenu (RPMA), and LoRa/LoRaWAN. The comparison shows that LoRa/LoRaWAN and SigFox surpass other technologies in terms of device lifetime, network capacity, adaptive data rate, and cost. In contrast, NB-IoT technology excels in latency and quality of service. Furthermore, we present a technical overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its main features, opportunities, and open issues. We also compare the most important simulation tools for investigating and analyzing LoRa/LoRaWAN network performance that has been developed recently. Then, we introduce a comparative evaluation of LoRa simulators to highlight their features. Furthermore, we classify the recent efforts to improve LoRa/LoRaWAN performance in terms of energy consumption, pure data extraction rate, network scalability, network coverage, quality of service, and security. Finally, although we focus more on LoRa/LoRaWAN issues and solutions, we introduce guidance and directions for future research on LPWAN technologies.
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Abu, N. S., W. M. Bukhari, C. H. Ong, M. N. Sukhaimie, S. Wibowo, and A. M. Kassim. "Automated Agricultural Management Systems Using Smart Based Technology." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, no. 5 (2022): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0522_14.
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This research focuses on the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT) smart-based system for the agriculture industry, especially chilli plantations. Every year, chilli farmers experience huge losses due to pest infestation and a lack of technology to precisely manage their farms. To solve several problems, the IoT system was designed to continuously monitor pest detection status, temperature, humidity index, and soil moisture level simultaneously. Besides these, the IoT system is also designed for long-distance remote water, pesticide, and fertiliser pumps. An IoT platform was applied in this project to provide a monitoring dashboard and switches to empower several pumps with long-distance remotes using the LoRa communication systems in a wide coverage range of chilli farms. Three experiments were designed to determine the range of the LoRa network. All experiments and data collection were done on the campus of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and the Melaka area. All experiments were analysed based on the results collected, such as packet reception rate (PRR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Based on the experiment results and conclusion, the LoRa communication system is suitable for applying to chilli farms in order to monitor all the elements such as soil moisture and pest detection status. The experiment also concludes that this LoRa network can be worked effectively up to cover a range of 260m with the elevation of the gateway. Keywords—Management systems; Internet of Things; crop field; LoRa; agriculture industries; precision engineering
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Hashim, Norlezah, Fakrulradzi Idris, Tuan Nur Anisa Tuan Ab Aziz, Siti Halma Johari, Rozilawati Mohd Nor, and Norfariza Ab Wahab. "Location tracking using LoRa." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (2021): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3123-3128.
Full textAbstract:
<span>Local area network (LAN) as Bluetooth, WiFi and ZigBee are well established technology. The biggest problem with many LAN is the battery consumption and short ranges link budgets. LoRa is a new, private, unlicensed and spread spectrum modulation technique which allows sending low rates at extremely long ranges with minimal power consumption. More importantly, there is no access fee associated with this type of wireless technology. The main idea behind this work is to conduct performance and capability analysis of a currently available LoRa transceiver. We develop a location monitoring system using LoRa and global positioning system (GPS) module and we analyze the detectable range of its data, its battery consumption as well as received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Our deployment experiment demonstrates that the sy<span>stem is able to detect the transmitted data within 290 meters of distances. Using 6 volts of battery AA, the transmission of data still occurred after 24 hours</span>. <span>This project is emphasized a location monitoring system that provide low power usage</span> but long range.</span>
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Mochamad Armandzuhri Alfiantono, Henna Nurdiansari, and Anak Agung Istri Wahyuni. "Rancang Bangun Receiver Automatic Identification System (AIS) Menggunakan Long Range (LoRA)." Globe: Publikasi Ilmu Teknik, Teknologi Kebumian, Ilmu Perkapalan 3, no. 2 (2025): 68–90. https://doi.org/10.61132/globe.v3i2.809.
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Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a communication technology that plays an important role in improving operational safety and efficiency in the shipping industry. AIS allows ships to exchange real-time data on identity, position, speed, and direction, which helps prevent collisions and facilitates maritime traffic management by port authorities. In addition, AIS functions in search and rescue operations by providing accurate information on the location of ships in trouble. In terms of security, AIS allows monitoring of suspicious ships, thus helping in preventing illegal activities in the waters. This study aims to design and develop a prototype AIS receiver based on LoRa, Arduino, and LCD HMI. The LoRa module was chosen because of its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, which is suitable for the maritime environment. Arduino is used as the main microcontroller to control the system, while the LCD HMI serves as the display interface for the received data. After the hardware and software design was completed, the system was tested through functional testing and performance measurements using a spectrum analyzer to evaluate the strength of the LoRa signal at various distances. The test results show that the AIS receiver is able to receive data well up to 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea, with a delay of 100 milliseconds. System performance degrades at longer distances due to environmental interference and signal attenuation. These findings provide insight into the effective limits of LoRa communication in maritime applications and can be used as a reference for frequency testing and optimization of LoRa-based long-range communication systems.
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Angrisani, Leopoldo, Francesco Bonavolontà, Annalisa Liccardo, and Rosario Schiano Lo Moriello. "On the Use of LoRa Technology for Logic Selectivity in MV Distribution Networks." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113079.
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In this paper, a logic selectivity system based on Long Range (LoRa) technology for the protection of medium-voltage (MV) networks is proposed. The development of relays that communicate with each other using LoRa allows for the combination of the cost-effectiveness and ease of installation of wireless networks with long-range coverage and reliability. The realized demonstrator to assess the proposed system is also presented in the paper; based on different types of faults and different locations, the times needed for clearing a fault and restoring the network were estimated from repeated experiments. The obtained results confirm that, with an optimized design of transmitted packets and of protocol characteristics, LoRa communication grants fault management that meets the criteria of logic selectivity, with fault isolation occurring within the maximum allowed time.
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Widianto, Mochammad Haldi. "Systematic Literature Review: LoRa and LoraWAN projects in practice." Journal of Software Engineering, Information and Communication Technology (SEICT) 3, no. 1 (2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/seict.v3i1.47780.
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The first technology to communicate with the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), but this technology can only perform close-range sensing and processing, in contrast to the Internet of Things (IoT) which can communicate long distances based on the Internet, while the commonly introduced assistive technology is Low-Power-Wide-Area-Network (LPWAN) which is a low power consumption technology but long range. One technology that is widely used is LoRa and its open access utilises LoRaWAN, because it has many advantages. There has been a lot of research on LoRa, LoRaWAN and surveys or reviews, but not many have focused on reviews for application rather than just testing. In this research, the author wants to conduct a review of the application of LoRa and LoRaWAN by utilising Systematic Literature Review (SLR), with the initial phase search getting 1314 and the final result is getting 45 studies taken from IEEE Explorer, ACM and Indonesian language papers (Google Scholar). Then the researcher presents a discussion related to the application of LoRa and LoRaWAN in several fields such as health, agriculture, etc.
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Khonrang, Jarun, Mingkwan Somphruek, Thanapon Saengsuwan, Pairoj Duangnakhorn, and Atikhom Siri. "Development of a Long-Range IoT Air Quality Monitoring System Using LoRa Mesh Repeaters for Real-Time Pollution Tracking." Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology 19, no. 2 (2024): 28–37. https://doi.org/10.69650/rast.2024.259538.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous researchers are currently presenting innovative methods to measure air quality in a cost-effective and real-time manner. The primary significance of the air quality monitoring system lies in its ability to facilitate communication via the Internet. This capability enables monitoring stations to measure air quality over extensive regions, spanning several kilometers. Presently, existing technology has constraints on transmitting data beyond distances of a few kilometers. This study introduces an air quality monitoring station capable of measuring NO2, SO2, CO2, CO, PM2.5, and PM10. To extend the transmission range, a LoRa mesh repeater was designed, utilizing point-to-point LoRa technology for extended data transmission. The signal strength between the air quality monitoring station and the repeater varies from -84 dBm to -92 dBm. The observed RSSI signal between the LoRa repeater and the LoRa gateway in the experimental results varies from -69 dBm to -112 dBm. The practical, effective operating distance is 1.7 km, making it suitable for potential utilization in long-distance IoT applications.
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Tang, Xubo, Shuai Liu, and Chunhua Zang. "Design of tobacco storage environment monitoring system based on Lora technology." ITM Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 01064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224501064.
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Lora (Long Range) wireless communication technology is unique in IoT communication solutions with its advantages of low power consumption and wide coverage. In the process of cigarette production, the storage environment during storage will affect the quality of tobacco leaves, and the tobacco leaves themselves will cause greater attenuation during signal transmission. By analyzing the storage environment of tobacco leaves, this paper proposes a wireless real-time environmental monitoring system based on Lora communication technology, including data collection nodes, Lora gateways, etc., and introduces their functions in detail. Finally, the feasibility is verified by testing.
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Charif, Oumaima, and Noura Aknin. "LoRa network performance analysis for IoT systems." ITM Web of Conferences 52 (2023): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20235201011.
Full textAbstract:
Low power wide area networks (LPWANs) are a new generation of wireless communication technology designed for the Internet of Things to provide low energy and long range connectivity. LoRa is one of the promising technology. In this paper, we examine LoRa system performance and analyze the scalability of this technology considering packet payload size, spreading factor, number of nodes and number of gateways.
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Alhattab, Nuha, Fatma Bouabdallah, Enas F. Khairullah, and Aishah Aseeri. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Time-Slotted Protocol: A Reinforcement Learning Approach for Optimizing Long-Range Network Scalability." Sensors 25, no. 8 (2025): 2420. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25082420.
Full textAbstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing communication by connecting everyday objects to the Internet, enabling data exchange and automation. Low-Power Wide-Area networks (LPWANs) provide a wireless communication solution optimized for long-range, low-power IoT devices. LoRa is a prominent LPWAN technology; its ability to provide long-range, low-power wireless connectivity makes it ideal for IoT applications that cover large areas or where battery life is critical. Despite its advantages, LoRa uses a random access mode, which makes it susceptible to increased collisions as the network expands. In addition, the scalability of LoRa is affected by the distribution of its transmission parameters. This paper introduces a Reinforcement Learning-based Time-Slotted (RL-TS) LoRa protocol that incorporates a mechanism for distributing transmission parameters. It leverages a reinforcement learning algorithm, enabling nodes to autonomously select their time slots, thereby optimizing the allocation of transmission parameters and TDMA slots. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct simulations to assess the convergence speed of the reinforcement learning algorithm, as well as its impact on throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The results demonstrate significant improvements, with PDR increasing from 0.45–0.85 in LoRa to 0.88–0.97 in RL-TS, and throughput rising from 80–150 packets to 156–172 packets. Additionally, RL-TS achieves 82% reduction in collisions compared to LoRa, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing network performance. Moreover, a detailed comparison with conventional LoRa and other existing protocols is provided, highlighting the advantages of the proposed method.
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Mr., Albert prasanna kumar Jonnalagdda, Ahmed AL-Hattali Abdulrahman, Sulaiman Hamed Al-Hashmi Hamza, and Abdullah Salim Al-Wahaibi Salim. "LoRa Based Car Security System." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 16–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11221127.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Abstract:</strong> This project aims to secure the car from being stolen with new innovative features like verification of driver, remote shutdown features with the use of LoRa Wan technology. Today we have numerous technologies in car but the security is still a big question. The current records of the number of cars stolen are increasing every year. we propose a new system to strongly defend the different methods of theaters, with the help of LoRa-based car security system. The usage of latest LoRa technology helps the project to be completed with low cost and long-range effective security. The new proposed feature allows car owners to keep an eye on their cars from a distance with mobile application in case of stealing, unauthorized riddance. The main objective is to increase car security, safeguard vehicles against theft and minimize the number of incidents, more effectively. In general, the LoRa-system for car security provides a holistic solution to the problems of vehicle security, which are favorable to society, communities, and automotive businesses. <strong>Keywords:</strong> LoRa WAN-Long range Wide area network, GPS- Global positioning system, ESP-32 Micro controller. <strong>Title:</strong> LoRa Based Car Security System <strong>Author:</strong> Mr. Albert prasanna kumar Jonnalagdda, Abdulrahman Ahmed AL-Hattali, Hamza Sulaiman Hamed Al-Hashmi, Salim Abdullah Salim Al-Wahaibi <strong>International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research </strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-6988 (online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 12, Issue 2, April 2024 - June 2024</strong> <strong>Page No: 16-20</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 20-May-2024</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11221127</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/lora-based-car-security-system</strong>