Relevant bibliographies by topics / Long Term Contract

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Long Term Contract'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Long Term Contract"

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Battaglini, Marco. "Long-Term Contracting with Markovian Consumers." American Economic Review 95, no. 3 (2005): 637–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201369.

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To study how a firm can capitalize on a long-term customer relationship, we characterize the optimal contract between a monopolist and a consumer whose preferences follow a Markov process. The optimal contract is nonstationary and has infinite memory, but is described by a simple state variable. Under general conditions, supply converges to the efficient level for any degree of persistence of the types and along any history, though convergence is history-dependent. In contrast, as with constant types, the optimal contract can be renegotiation-proof, even with highly persistent types. These properties provide insights into the optimal ownership structure of the production technology.
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Ford, Jason. "Urenco Signs Long-Term Supply Contract." Engineer 302, no. 7952 (2024): 10. https://doi.org/10.12968/s0013-7758(24)90109-7.

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Zuñiga Peralta, Raul F. "Long-term contracts and the Unidroit PICC: towards a realistic regulation." Uniform Law Review 26, no. 3 (2021): 492–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unab026.

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Abstract The 2016 Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) were the first instrument that explicitly regulated long-term contracts in international commerce. Its main goal was to actualize uniform contract law for the emerging needs of international commerce. Despite this effort, scholars have briefly researched how uniform contract law instruments address international commerce as an economic reality or whether the PICC’s attempt is adequate. The gap in uniform contract law’s—particularly the PICC’s—literature on long-term contracts is odd compared to the completeness of economic literature on the matter. After revealing the pitfalls of the PICC’s regulation, demonstrating the convenience of a thorough review of the economics of long-term contracts, this article elaborates on the necessary character of the connection between uniform contract law and economics. It further reviews the economic research on the factors that prompt long-term contracting and the mechanisms that economic agents designed to address their needs. The overhaul reveals that two paradigmatic economic structures—competitive and cooperative—generally determine the design of long-term contracts. Finally, the article addresses the consequences of including the paradigmatic economic structures of long-term contracts in the PICC rules on contract interpretation and gap-filling.
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Koshman, Sergey S. "LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM EXPORT CONTRACTS FOR NATURAL GAS SUPPLY." Energy law forum 3 (October 8, 2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2312-4350-2020-3-51-56.

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Natural gas is exported in accordance with the terms and conditions of foreign trade contracts between the seller and the buyer. Research into the execution procedure, terms and conditions of such contracts has both theoretical and practical value. The importance of a foreign trade contract for relations between the parties cannot be overemphasized as its scope determines and legally binds the parties for the achievement of their respective goals. When entering into foreign trade contracts, the parties should consider the impact of natural gas extraction, processing, transportation, storage processes on terms of foreign trade transactions with natural gas. These terms are especially important for long-term natural gas export contracts which are considered to be the traditional form of natural gas trading. However, more recently, forms of foreign trade contracts for natural gas export used to interact with foreign buyers have become more diversified. Natural gas trading under short-term contracts using electronic trading platforms is becoming increasingly important. In this article, the author examines the key peculiarities of such contracts, defines basic advantages and disadvantages of using various contract forms for natural gas export.
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Koshman, Sergey S. "Long-Term and Short-Term Export Contracts for Natural Gas Supply." Energy law forum 3 (October 8, 2020): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2410-4396-2020-3-103-107.

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Natural gas is exported in accordance with the terms and conditions of foreign trade contracts between the seller and the buyer. Research into the execution procedure, terms and conditions of such contracts has both theoretical and practical value. The importance of a foreign trade contract for relations between the parties cannot be overemphasized as its scope determines and legally binds the parties for the achievement of their respective goals. When entering into foreign trade contracts, the parties should consider the impact of natural gas extraction, processing, transportation, storage processes on terms of foreign trade transactions with natural gas. These terms are especially important for long-term natural gas export contracts which are considered to be the traditional form of natural gas trading. However, more recently, forms of foreign trade contracts for natural gas export used to interact with foreign buyers have become more diversified. Natural gas trading under short-term contracts using electronic trading platforms is becoming increasingly important. In this article, the author examines the key peculiarities of such contracts, defines basic advantages and disadvantages of using various contract forms for natural gas export.
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Nottage, Luke. "Book Review: The Long-Term Contract: Contract Law and Contracting." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 8, no. 3 (2001): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x0100800307.

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Cziraki, Peter, and Moqi Groen-Xu. "CEO Turnover and Volatility under Long-Term Employment Contracts." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 55, no. 6 (2019): 1757–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109019000632.

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We study the role of the contractual time horizon of chief executive officers (CEOs) for CEO turnover and corporate policies. Using hand-collected data on 3,954 fixed-term CEO contracts, we show that remaining time under contract predicts CEO turnover. When contracts are close to expiration, turnover is more likely and is more sensitive to performance. We also show a positive within-CEO relation between remaining time under contract and firm risk. Our results are similar across short and long contracts and are driven neither by firm or CEO survival, nor technological cycles. They are consistent with incentives to take long-term projects with interim volatility.
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De Hoon, Machteld W. "Effective Unilateral Ending of Complex Long-term Contracts." European Review of Private Law 13, Issue 4 (2005): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2005030.

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Should contract law enable (and perhaps even stimulate) contracting parties to achieve a settlement that is compatible with both their needs? According to some scholars it should. If this is indeed one of the aims of contract law, the unilateral ending of complex long-term contracts is one of the topics that may need a critical evaluation. It seems that the power to end complex long-term contracts unilaterally is not really the issue, since no complex cooperation can be forced to continue if commitment is lacking; it is the way in which a long-term cooperation comes to an end that matters. Reasonable expectations need to be taken into account to some extent; conflicts often arise because contracting parties disagree on this ?reasonable expectations?-part. The costs of these conflicts can be high, even without legal proceedings. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of contract law to help reduce both the number and the intensity of conflicts arising from the unilateral ending of a complex cooperation. For this purpose, the unilateral ending instrument is reframed into a model of negotiations.
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Mazhar, Rabia, Hossein Azadi, Steven Van Passel, et al. "Does Contract Length Matter? The Impact of Various Contract-Farming Regimes on Land-Improvement Investment and the Efficiency of Contract Farmers in Pakistan." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (2023): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091651.

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Land-tenure security is integral to local communities’ socioeconomic development. It has been a center of debate in academia and for legislators and advocates to implement reforms to enhance efficient and sustainable development in land management. Yet, knowledge gaps remain in how various contract-farming regimes contribute to land-improvement investment and technical efficiency. This study used a data set of 650 farm households collected through a two-stage stratified sampling to investigate the influence of three contract-farming regimes: long-term, medium-term, and short-term contracts, on the land-improvement investment, productivity, and technical efficiency of contract farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. The study used multivariate probit and ordinary least square regression models to examine the posit relationships. The findings highlight that farmers with long-term land contracts have higher per hectare yield, income and profit than those with medium-term and short-term contracts. The results confirm that farmers with medium- and long-term contracts tend to invest more in land-improvement measures, i.e., organic and green manure. Further, the study findings demonstrate that long-term land tenures are more effective when farmers make decisions regarding the on-farm infrastructure, like tube-well installation, tractor ownership, and holding farm logistics. Last, the study results confirm that long-term contracts are more robust regarding technical efficiency. Moreover, the findings support the Marshallian inefficiency hypothesis and extend the literature on contract farming, land-improvement investment, and land use policy, and offer coherent policy actions for stakeholders to improve farmers’ productivity, technical efficiency, and income.
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NISHIMORI, AKIRA, and HIKARU OGAWA. "LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM CONTRACT IN A MIXED MARKET*." Australian Economic Papers 44, no. 3 (2005): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2005.00265.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long Term Contract"

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Pérez, Hualde Alejandro. "The Public Services Concession Contract as a "Long Term" Contract." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119148.

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In this article, the author highlights the benefits of incorporating the concepts “concession contract” and “long term contract” within the new Civil and Commercial Code of the Nation in Argentina. For the author, these contractual arrangements are fundamental in Administrative Law to understand the scope of the concession of public services, specifically in regard to the introduction of changes in the contract. This also means that foreign police concepts or theories as ius variandi, which only add authoritarian elements under the contract, are not longer required.<br>En el presente artículo, el autor resalta los beneficios de la incorporación de los conceptos “contrato de concesión” y “contrato de larga duración” dentro del nuevo Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación argentina. Así, para el autor, estas figuras contractuales son fundamentales en el Derecho Administrativo para poder comprender los alcances del contrato de concesión de servicios públicos, específicamente, en cuanto a la introducción de variaciones en la ejecución del contrato. Ello conlleva, además, que ya no se tenga que recurrir a conceptospoliciales extraños o a teorías como la del ius variandi que únicamente añaden elementos autoritarios en el marco del contrato.
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Nusaire, Yazeed Anees Moh'd. "Excusable non-performance in long term contract-force major clauses in oil concession contracts." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388332.

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Hosseini, Taklimi Seyed Reza. "Influential Factors in Long-term Product Service System Contracts." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72367.

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This dissertation presents different aspects of long-term contract for product service system (PSS); also different issues that companies are dealt for implementation of PSS. The study consists of literature review for understanding factors which can affect long-term PSS contracts. Different generic categories of green business models which are used in PSS contracts have been addressed and in addition, various models of contracts for PSS in industries have been identified too. The important factors which can influence these types of contracts are categorized in six major aspects organizational, social, economic, technological, legal and environmental. Each of these factors separately has been analyzed by reviewing related literature. Moreover a general evaluation about effect of each factor in other influential factors has been presented. In respect of long duration of contract, the rate of uncertainty is higher than traditional method of buying a product. Here, problems which are related to each of these factors have been addressed. Moreover, different approaches of companies for these problems have been discussed which these solutions can be useful for other providers in similar situation.
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Jalili, Rozita. "Long term contracts and farm inflexibility premium in the production of cellulosic ethanol." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/706.

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Farmers will supply the raw ingredients for the emerging cellulosic ethanol industry. The long-term relationship between a farmer and a processing firm is expected to be contractual. A processing firm has an incentive to sign long-term contracts to ensure a cost-efficient level of raw ingredient supply. However, farmers generally prefer to operate with either no contract or a short-term contract in order to maintain options for adjustments in future acreage allocations due to changes in relative prices. Of interest in this research is to understand the incentives of farmers and calculating the efficient level of the “inflexibility premium”, which a processing firm must provide to a farmer when a long term contract is signed. A stochastic dynamic programming model is solved and with the help of Microsoft Excel numerically evaluated to illustrate the marginal inflexibility premium is increasing with contract length and the level of price variability, and is decreasing with the size of acreage adjustment costs.
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Chan, Pang. "Optimization of a long-term electricity contract in a large-scale chemical production site /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CENG%202004%20CHAN.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-95). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Tucci, Rogério Lauria Marçal. "Prorrogação compulsória dos contratos de longa duração." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-11122015-093521/.

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O tema desenvolvido guarda pertinência com a denúncia unilateral do contrato, a qual só deve produzir efeitos depois de transcorrido prazo compatível com eventuais investimentos consideráveis realizados pela contraparte, a teor do art. 473, par. ún., do Código Civil. Sendo assim, a pesquisa foi iniciada com premissas teóricas atinentes à liberdade contratual e suas vicissitudes em distintos momentos históricos. Esclarecido que a liberdade contratual deve ser sopesada com a intervenção Estatal para otimizar o desenvolvimento econômico e o bem-estar social, o trabalho demonstra, inicialmente, a coerência da mencionada norma em meio ao paradigma contemporâneo dominante. Em seguida, foram apresentadas reflexões para explicar a finalidade da inserção do dispositivo legal no ordenamento positivo. Com intuito de vedar o abuso de poder econômico, a norma foi introduzida especificamente para coibir o exercício abusivo do direito de resilição. Sendo este o escopo da norma, a primeira parte do trabalho ofereceu subsídios para justificar porque cabe ao juiz impor a prorrogação contratual, quando o denunciante não respeitar prazos compatíveis com os investimentos empreendidos pela outra parte. Já quanto à segunda parte, foram lançadas elucubrações sobre os distintos aspectos das relações contratuais duradouras. Nesse ponto, foram apontadas importantes contribuições doutrinárias a respeito da influência do aspecto temporal sobre as relações contínuas e, ainda, perspectivas da análise econômica do direito, além da abordagem relacional do contrato. Restando elucidado que a prorrogação do contrato pode (e deve) ser imposta pelo intérprete, na última e terceira parte deste trabalho, é proposta uma interpretação sistemática e axiológica da norma do art. 473, par. ún., do Código Civil.<br>The subject developed concerns the unilateral termination of the contract, which shall only take effect after certain length compatible with sizeable investments made by the counterparty, as set forth in Article 473, sole paragraph, of the Civil Code. Therefore, the research began with theoretical premises regarding the contractual freedom and its variations in different historical moments. Once clarified that the contractual freedom must be counterbalanced by governmental intervention in order to optimize economic development and social well-being, the study initially demonstrates the consistency of the aforesaid rule in the midst of the currently reigning paradigm. In addition, some reflections were presented to explain the purpose of the insertion of the provision in the written body of laws. Seeking to prevent the abuse of economic power, the ruling was created specifically to diminish abusive use of the right to terminate. Given the scope of the provision, the first part of the paper sustained why should the judge extent the length of the notice when the terminating party fails to comply with a compatible term taken into account the investments carried out by the other party. As for the second part, there are musings about different aspects of long-term contracts. Important contributions from legal doctrine were pointed out concerning the influence of time on long-term relationships, and furthermore on perspectives of the economic analysis of Law, besides the relational approach to the contract. As it becomes plain that the extension of a contract may be, or rather ought to be, imposed by the judge, on the third and last part of the dissertation, it is proposed a systematic and axiological interpretation of the ruling set forth by Article 473, sole paragraph, of the Civil Code.
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Martynaitis, Darius. "Ilgalaikių kontraktų vykdymo finansinės kontrolės IS." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050112_194858-67334.

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The main goal of these thesis is : to carry out all organization process that must be computerized. There are some processes which man cannot carry out withuot special software. The main critical proces is financial control of contracts. Contract begins with signing between our handing organization and customers. Each contract consists of terms and good‘s that must be delivered at time. The name of thesis „long term... „ says that contract conditions are exercised in parts. Goods are been delivered in parts and payment is been getting in parts too. So there are many contracts, and the man is unable to control all its himself. So our software must do financial contract control : to mark parts of good of each contract, allow to see every condition of contracts, and allow to solve the problem of goods identification (BAR codes), because our organization is an agent in trading range. We made our software, theretofore did analysis of excisting software, software that can be partially useful for us and can be upgraded using our functional requirements. We used to modificate typical agreement data model by Len Silverston and use it to transform to DB schema (realationships). Our software (projecting and coding) is made using these tools : Rational Rose, MS Visio, Borland Delphi, MS Access and MS SQL Server.
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Aronsson, Linus. "Integrerat brounderhåll." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-22560.

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Trafikverket ansvarar för det statliga vägnätet i Sverige. Vägnätet består av cirka 15 500 broar som ständigt utsätts för olika former av nedbrytning. Broarna behöver därför underhållas med jämna mellanrum både för att hålla broarna i ett bra skick och för att motverka att nedbrytningen påskyndas. Under de senare åren har Trafikverket utformat en ny upphandlingsmetod av brounderhåll. Den går ut på att allt brounderhåll för en region paketeras, i ett s.k. brounderhållspaket, som en entreprenör sköter i en femårig period. I brounderhållspaketen ingår förebyggande underhåll, avhjälpande underhåll och akut underhåll. Syftet med det här arbetet är att följa upp den nya formen att upphandla brounderhåll i paket. Målet är att tydliggöra vilka vinster, eller förluster, som gjorts i effektivitet i hela kedjan sedan införandet av brounderhåll i paket.   De metoder som använts vid skapandet av examensarbetet är litteraturstudier, möten och intervjuer samt analyser, beräkningar och jämförelser. Resultatet visar hur beställare, entreprenör och konsult arbetar i brounderhållspaket och vad som har förändrats jämfört med hur de arbetade med brounderhåll tidigare. De största effektivitetsvinsterna är administrativa. Genom att brounderhållspaketen är en totalentreprenad läggs mycket av ansvaret över från beställaren till entreprenören och därmed får beställaren tid till andra arbetsuppgifter. Eftersom brounderhållet numera ligger i eget kontrakt som löper under en längre tid får beställaren också en kunnig entreprenör till arbetet vilket minskar antalet grundläggande frågor och frigör tid. Entreprenören får mer frihet när arbetena skall utföras och samtidigt mer tid till att planera underhållsarbetet. Genom en tät kommunikation mellan beställare och entreprenör blir beslutsvägarna kortare vilket effektiviserar hela kedjan. Skaraborgspaketet var ett av de första brounderhållspaketen och det skiljer sig mycket från de senare underhållspaketen. Den största förändringen ligger i förfrågningsunderlagen. Skaraborgspaketet utgick från en fiktiv bro medan förfrågningsunderlagen i de nyare paketen behandlar verkliga åtgärder som entreprenören kommer att utföra under den kontrakterade tiden.<br>Trafikverket is responsible for the public traffic network in Sweden. The traffic network contains around 15 500 bridges that constantly are exposed of different kinds of degradation. The bridges must therefore be maintained at regular intervals both to keep bridges in good condition and to prevent the degradation accelerated. During the last years Trafikverket has developed a new procurement method of bridge maintenance. The method involves that all bridges maintenance of a region is being bundled to one contract that an entrepreneur handles for five years, a socalled bridge maintenance package. A bridge maintenance package exists of preventive maintenance, remedial maintenance and emergency maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to follow up the new form to procure bridge maintenance in package. The goal is to clarify the gains or losses made in efficiency since the introduction of bridge maintenance in package. Methods used in the creating of this thesis are literary studies, meetings and interviews along with analysis, calculations and comparisons. The result lays the foundation for the client, contractor and consultant working in the bridge maintenance package and further what has changed from the way they were working on bridge maintenance earlier. The largest efficiency gains are administrative. Because a bridge maintenance package is a turnkey contract the majority of responsibility is put on the contractor, instead of the client, which gives the client time for other tasks. Nowadays the bridge maintenance is in a separate contract which lasts for a longer time which gives the client a more qualified contractor for that kind of work which is reducing the number of fundamental questions and gives the client extra time. The contractor will get more operating freedom and at the same time more time to plan maintenance work. Through frequent communication between client and contractor decision-making paths becomes shorter which gives more efficiency throughout the entire process. The package in the region Skaraborg was one of the first bridge maintenance packages and it differs a lot from later maintenance packages. The biggest difference is in the contract documents. The package in Skaraborg was based on a fictional bridge while the more recent maintenance packages documents addresses the real action which the contractor will perform during the contracted period.
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Wang, Yongying. "Corporate governance and product market competition : tree essays." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC018/document.

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Ma thèse intitulée “Gouvernance d'entreprise et concurrence sur le marché des produits” est composée de trois chapitres théoriques relevant essentiellement de l'Économie Industrielle. L'objectif principal est d'étudier comment le marché des produits interagit à la fois avec l'intérêt des parties prenantes lorsque l'information est parfaite et avec les incitations managériales (statiques et dynamiques) lorsque l'information est imparfaite.Le premier chapitre porte sur les interactions entre le mode de concurrence sur le marché des produits (Cournot vs. Bertrand) et les relations (conflictuelles ou conciliantes) entre les principaux acteurs (actionnaires, consommateurs et employés) lorsque l'intérêt des consommateurs est pris en compte dans la fonction objectif de la firme. Nous considérons un duopole symétrique où les firmes négocient préalablement avec les syndicats sur le salaire versé aux employés et puis se concurrencent entre elles sur le marché des biens. Nous montrons que l'orientation client (mesurée par le degré de prise en compte du surplus des consommateurs) peut inverser la hiérarchie traditionnelle entre les équilibres de Cournot et les équilibres de Bertrand. Une concurrence en prix (par rapport à une concurrence en quantité) est à même d'atténuer les conflits entre les actionnaires et les consommateurs et entre les actionnaires et les employés.Le deuxième chapitre examine comment les incitations managériales pourraient interagir avec la concurrence sur le marché des produits dans un contexte de sélection adverse et d'aléa moral. Nous considérons un oligopole de Cournot composé de n firmes identiques dont le coût marginal initial est une information privée du manager. L'effort du manager, qui est non observable, réduit indirectement le coût marginal initial. Dans un tel contexte, nous montrons qu'à l'optimum les paiements incitatifs versés aux managers ne sont pas nécessairement influencés par la concurrence sur le marché des produits.Le troisième chapitre étudie comment le contrat optimal entre l'actionnaire et le manager (résolution d'aléa moral répété) peut influencer la stabilité d'un cartel. Nous considérons un cartel composé de deux firmes identiques et dans chaque firme un actionnaire neutre à l'égard du risque offre un menu de contrats à un manager averse au risque. L'effort du manager influence le coût marginal de la firme (comme au chapitre 2) à chaque période. Nous montrons que, contrairement au cas où l'information est parfaite, le degré d'aversion au risque du manager n'impacte pas la stabilité du cartel lorsque le contrat optimal à long terme est mis en place. Le contrat optimal résout le problème d'aléa moral répété et limite également le pouvoir discrétionnaire du manager sur la décision de conduite du marché (collusion, déviation, ou compétition)<br>My thesis entitled « Corporate governance and product market competition : three essays » is a theoretical research in industrial organization. The primary objective is to investigate how product market (competition or collusion) interacts with the top-level design of corporate governance, which concerns specifically the stakeholders' relationships and managerial incentives (static and dynamic) under imperfect information. It is mainly based on three chapters dealing with different subtopics of this theme.The first chapter examines how social concern and product market competition (Cournot vs. Bertrand) may influence the relationships (conflicting or conciliating) between main stakeholders (shareholders, consumers and employees). We consider two identical firms, both taking care of the interests of consumers in their objective functions and allowing their employees' wages be negotiated with labor unions. We show that social concern may reverse the traditional ranking between Cournot and Bertrand equilibria. Our model also shows that price competition (compared to quantity competition) can to some extent attenuate the shareholders' conflicts with both consumers and employees.The second chapter investigates how managerial incentive payment under both adverse selection and moral hazard might interact with product market competition. We consider a Cournot oligopoly market consisting of n identical managerial firms, of which the initial marginal cost is the manager's private information and his unobservable effort indirectly reduces the initial level of marginal cost. We show with this setting that the optimal incentive payment solving informational problems is not necessarily influenced by product market competition.The third chapter studies how the optimal contract between shareholder and manager (solving repeated moral hazard) may influence the stability of a cartel. We consider a cartel consisting of two identical firms, within each a risk neutral shareholder offers a menu of contracts to a risk-averse manager who may shirk in each period. The manager's unobservable effort influences the firm's marginal cost (as in chapter 2). We show in contrary with the benchmark case (under perfect information) that the degree of risk-aversion plays no longer a role upon the stability of collusion: when the managerial compensation is independent of gross profit, the implementation of the optimal long-term contract solves repeated moral hazard but also constrains the manager's discretion over the decision of market conduct (collusion, deviation, or competition)
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Nakládal, Lubomír. "Problematika zásob a jejich oceňování podle platných českých předpisů a IAS/IFRS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9141.

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This diploma paper in detail describes inventory separately from aspect of Czech accounting legislation and international accounting standards IAS/IFRS. Attention is devoted to meaning, structure and contents of individual legal enactment, qualification and division of inventory, methods of accounting and publication and especially their evaluation. The objective of this thesis is comparison of Czech accounting legislation and IAS/IFRS to find out differences between Czech legislation and IAS/IFRS in qualification, accounting, publication and evaluation of inventory. All determined differences are summarized in closing parts of the work together with classification of individual legal enactment and recommendations for Czech accounting legislation about implementation of some useful elements from IAS/IFRS.
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Books on the topic "Long Term Contract"

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Nystén-Haarala, Soili. The long-term contract: Contract law and contracting. Kauppakaari Oyj, Finnish Lawyers' Pub., 1998.

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Arvan, Lanny David. Optimal long term labor contracts when workers have heterogenous opportunities. College of Commerce and Business Administration, Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1985.

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Wöss, Herfried. Damages in international arbitration under complex long-term contracts. Oxford University Press, 2014.

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Nogler, Luca, and Udo Reifner. Life time contracts: Social long-term contracts in labour, tenancy and consumer credit law. Eleven International Publishing, 2014.

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Region, United States Forest Service Alaska. Alaska Pulp Corporation long-term timber sale contract: Kelp Bay : draft environmental impact statement. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, 1991.

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United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region. Alaska Pulp Corporation long-term timber sale contract: Kelp Bay : draft environmental impact statement. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, 1991.

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United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region. North Revilla final environmental impact statement: Ketchikan Pulp Company long-term timber sale contract. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, 1993.

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United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region. Polk Inlet draft environmental impact statement: Ketchikan Pulp Company long-term timber sale contract. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Tongass National Forest, 1993.

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United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region. Alaska Pulp Corporation long-term timber sale contract: Kelp Bay : draft environmental impact statement. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, 1991.

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United States. Forest Service. Alaska Region. North Revilla final environmental impact statement: Ketchikan Pulp Company long-term timber sale contract : Summary. U.S. Forest Service, Alaska Region], 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Long Term Contract"

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Rahman, Anisur, and Gopinath Chattopadhyay. "Maintenance Contract." In Long Term Warranty and After Sales Service. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16271-3_5.

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Guibert, Quentin, and Frédéric Planchet. "Measuring Long-Term Insurance Contract Biometric Risks." In Springer Actuarial. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05660-5_4.

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Fu, Chiao, and Cheng-Hung Wu. "Coordination of Long-Term, Short-Term Supply Contract and Capacity Investment Strategy." In Proceedings of the Institute of Industrial Engineers Asian Conference 2013. Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-98-7_96.

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Yoshioka-Kobayashi, Tohru, and Makiko Takahashi. "Determinants of Contract Renewals in University–Industry Contract Research: Going my Way, or Good Sam?" In University-Industry Knowledge Interactions. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84669-5_6.

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AbstractLong-term university–industry contract research benefits both universities and the industry, as it can potentially reduce transaction costs and improve the quality of such collaborations. Nevertheless, trade-offs between the advantages and disadvantages of long-term contracts motivate firms to enter stage-gate contracts (i.e., a shorter contract period with an expectation of renewal or extension) to avoid uncertainty over collaboration’s performance. This study addresses two less understood questions in the contract renewal or extension decision: longitudinal changes in the strength of the commitment to the collaboration and the determinants of renewals. We empirically test these issues with 1562 research contracts from a leading Japanese university, and we match this database to a questionnaire survey results obtained from its industrial counterparts. Our empirical test identified an inverse-U-shaped effect on the degree of commitment in the time elapsed since the first research contract. We also found that firms are more likely to renew or extend a contract when they perceive technological knowledge learning or co-publish an academic paper. Our findings suggest that university–industry contract research focused on academic research-related activities (or academic researcher’s “going my way”) is likely to establish long-term collaborations.
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Liu, Chris G., Peter Bodorik, and Dawn Jutla. "Long-Term Blockchain Transactions Spanning Multiplicity of Smart Contract Methods." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8104-5_11.

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Huntjens, Patrick. "Introduction." In Towards a Natural Social Contract. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67130-3_1.

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AbstractThe nature of the social, environmental, and economic problems we face today requires a new social contract, a Natural Social Contract. A Natural Social Contract does justice to a human being’s natural state (human life is group life) and to the natural position of humankind and society within a larger ecosystem, that of planet Earth. The Natural Social Contract regards society as a social-ecological system, focusing on people as members of a community and as part of a natural ecosystem. It emphasizes long-term sustainability and general welfare by combining human and nature, and recalibrating our unfettered approach to unlimited economic growth, overconsumption, and over-individualization. The end result, I argue, is for the benefit of ourselves, our planet, and future generations.If you are concerned about our society and our planet, and keeping both healthy for future generations, then this book is written for you. And if you have an interest in the systemic changes required to fundamentally shift our social, economic, ecological, and institutional perspectives, this book is for you too. Together, we can promote a sustainable, healthy, and just society and achieve change on the ground. This book offers a way forward.
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Ren, Zhenyu, Xuan Li, Feng Liu, Mengli Zhao, and Fengjiao Xu. "The Rolling Optimization Method for Medium and Long Term Contract Plan Taking into Account Dispatching Progress." In Atlantis Highlights in Intelligent Systems. Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-030-5_164.

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Lopez-Campos, Monica, Raúl Stegmaier, and Eduardo Candón. "The Concession Contract as an Instrument to Safeguard the Long-Term Condition of Logistics Infrastructure Assets." In 16th WCEAM Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25448-2_66.

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Huntjens, Patrick. "Conclusion." In Towards a Natural Social Contract. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67130-3_8.

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AbstractIn this book, I argue that the societal fault lines of our times are deeply intertwined and that they confront us with challenges affecting the security, fairness, and sustainability of our societies. Overcoming these existential challenges will require a fundamental shift from our current anthropocentric and economic growth-oriented approach to a more ecocentric and regenerative approach. The outline of a Natural Social Contract presented in this book serves as a counter-proposal to existing social contracts. A Natural Social Contract implies an existential change in the way humankind lives in and interacts with its social and natural environment, and emphasizes long-term sustainability and the general welfare of both humankind and planet Earth. Achieving this crucial balance calls for an end to unlimited economic growth, overconsumption, and overindividualization for the benefit of ourselves, our planet, and future generations. To this end, sustainability, health, and justice in all social-ecological systems will require systemic innovation and prioritizing a collective effort. The Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (TSEI) framework presented in this book serves that cause. It helps to diagnose and advance innovation and spur change across sectors, disciplines, and at different levels of governance. Altogether, TSEI identifies intervention points and formulates jointly developed and shared solutions to inform policy- and lawmakers, administrators, concerned citizens, and professionals dedicated towards a more sustainable, healthy, and just society.
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Guo, Peng. "Long-Term Contracts and Relational Contracts." In Good Faith in Long-Term Relational Supply Contracts in the Context of Hardship from A Comparative Perspective. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5513-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Long Term Contract"

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Liu, Hao, Jilei Ma, Jia Cui, et al. "Novel Optimizing Model for Medium- and Long-Term Trading and Decomposition of Contract Electricity." In 2024 4th International Conference on New Energy and Power Engineering (ICNEPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icnepe64067.2024.10860385.

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Ding, Quan, Xiaobo Dou, and Peng Wen. "Research on the Optimized Adjustment Method for Medium-Long Term Contract of Electricity Market." In 2025 15th International Conference on Power, Energy, and Electrical Engineering (CPEEE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/cpeee64598.2025.10987527.

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Røssland, Torstein. "10 Years Experience with Functional Specifications for Surface Maintenance." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06022.

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Abstract The first long term contract for surface maintenance painting based on a functional specification was awarded in 1996. An extensive audit carried out in September of 2005 showed that the contract concept has turned out to be very successful. Additionally, it has contributed to bringing coating contractors into the “premier league” of the Norwegian contractor industry. The functional specification for surface maintenance is now the technical basis for Company contracts covering 24 offshore platforms, 1 refinery and 2 onshore gas processing facilities with a total coated surface area of 8.4 million M2 (90 million ft2).
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Bennett, Jack, John Bartholomew, and Thomas Turk. "Cathodic Protection Criteria Related Studies under SHRP Contract." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93323.

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Abstract Criteria related studies have been conducted under SHRP Contract C-102D for the cathodic protection of reinforced concrete structures. Corrosion rate studies were conducted in a packed bed of sand wetted with simulated pore water solution to facilitate weight loss measurements. Corrosion rates were determined in such cells as a function of chloride concentration, pH and temperature at various levels of cathodic protection current. Corrosion rate was found to be especially sensitive to chloride concentration and pH. Cathodic protection current was found to be a highly effective means of stopping corrosion in this environment. The amount of polarization needed to reduce corrosion to an acceptable level was found to be a complex function of many variables. A maximum polarization of 150 mV was found to be sufficient protection in almost all cases studied. An improved and simplified control criterion for cathodic protection is proposed. This new criterion, which uses a "Corrosion Null Probe", assures that the most anodic areas are made net cathodic, effectively stopping corrosion. This approach is technically accurate, simple to apply, and does not rely on the long-term stability of embedded reference electrodes. Laboratory and test yard data are presented, and additional field studies are recommended.
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Vainblat, Guerman, and Timur Kolchinskiy. "It’s All about Adhesion." In SSPC 2016 Greencoat. SSPC, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2016-00074.

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A long-term project such as the current Brooklyn Bridge Rehabilitation Program, known as Brooklyn Bridge Contract 6, presents a great opportunity to collect vast amounts of data and records relating to the total coating replacement on a historic landmark. On any project, especially one of this scope, the project team has to deal with many obstacles, both expected and unexpected, and significant unknowns. While a project design and specification aims to eliminate these roadblocks, reality is always more unpredictable than what’s on paper.
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Johnson, Robert G. "Spherical Tank External Coating Simplified by Strong Teamwork." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2006. SSPC, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2006-00039.

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Abstract The goal of this presentation is to highlight the teamwork exhibited by a quality driven facility owner who led an outsourced contract team consisting of pre-qualified contractors, material suppliers, and certified technical service specialists as independent third party inspectors, to provide external protective coatings to a set of six spherical tanks encompassing approximately 100,000 s.f. each. The owners short-term requirements of rapid deployment and completion during the short window of opportunity during the summer months and long-term requirements of joint labor and material warranties led to the selection of competent local contractors and a material technology that best met those requirements. These selections defined the requirements of the technical service specialist’s to assure a successful project.
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Perrings, Mark A. "Quality by Design Achieving Quality Results on Low Bid Contract Projects." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94436.

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Abstract On April 4, 1994 the Cleveland Indians will begin the 1994 baseball season in their new home. The $392 Million stadium has been under construction since the spring of 1992. During the past 18 months there have been numerous challenges presented to all parties with respect to the construction schedule and the protective coating system applied to the 10,000 tons of structural steel. It is estimated that approximately 75% of the structural steel will be architecturally exposed. The coating system; therefore, will be providing long term corrosion protection as well as an aesthetically pleasing appearance. A great deal of time and effort was devoted to designing a specification for the painting of the structural steel for this project. This paper presents a series of suggestions regarding items to include in a project paint specification. Many of these suggestions are made because they proved to be effective on this project. Others are made as a result of looking back at how some of the problems could possibly have been avoided.
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Chen, Yajun, Ming Zhao, Qian Zhang, Yunpeng Xiao, and Xiuli Wang. "Medium and Long-Term Wind Energy Trading Mechanisms Based on Flexible Contracts for Sellers." In 2024 8th International Conference on Power Energy Systems and Applications (ICoPESA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icopesa61191.2024.10743850.

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Lu, Yang, Yang Che, and Xintian Zhuang. "Dynamic inconsistency and long-term contract." In International conference on Management Innovation and Information Technology. WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/miit132572.

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Hou, Yunhe, and Felix F. Wu. "Long-Term Bilateral Contract Pricing with Risks of Congestion Charge." In 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2007.385785.

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Reports on the topic "Long Term Contract"

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Kim, Hyeyoung, Jihyun Lee, and Gerardo Reyes-Tagle. Standardized PPP Contract in Korea and its Implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003708.

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The standardization of PPP contracts in Korea has played a key role in establishing PPP institutional frameworks in the civil law system in which there must be legal and institutional safeguards for the long-term PPP contracts. The reliability of standardized contracts is secured due to the fact that the standardized PPP contract has been prepared by the statutory PPP agency under the approval of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, an influential ministry within the government. The standardization of PPP contracts has been of great utility for both the competent authorities and private partners. The standardized contract has streamlined negotiations. The private partner was able to trust in the major risk allocation declared through the standardized contract in handling land acquisition, construction completion, operation and demand, and termination. We found out through our survey that there are similarities between Korea and LAC countries in that most LAC countries have adopted the civil law system and the countries have developed similar payment types for PPP and risk allocation principles. The experience and lessons on standardized PPP contract in Korea can be of great utility to LAC countries.
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De Donder, Philippe, Marie-Louise Leroux, and François Salanié. Advantageous selection without moral hazard. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/nqvt3458.

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Advantageous (or propitious) selection occurs when an increase in the premium of an insurance contract induces high-cost agents to quit, thereby reducing the average cost among remaining buyers. Hemenway (1990) and many subsequent contributions motivate its advent by differences in risk-aversion among agents, implying different prevention efforts. We argue that it may also appear in the absence of moral hazard, when agents only differ in riskiness and not in (risk) preferences. We first show that profit-maximization implies that advantageous selection is more likely when markup rates and the elasticity of insurance demand are high. We then move to standard settings satisfying the single-crossing property and show that advantageous selection may occur when several contracts are offered, when agents also face a non-insurable background risk, or when agents face two mutually exclusive risks that are bundled together in a single insurance contract. We exemplify this last case with life care annuities, a product which bundles long-term care insurance and annuities, and we use Canadian survey data to provide an example of a contract facing advantageous selection.
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Halonen-Akatwijuka, Maija, and Oliver Hart. Short-term, Long-term, and Continuing Contracts. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21005.

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Abowd, John, and David Card. Intertemporal Labor Supply and Long Term Employment Contracts. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1831.

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Balke, Neele, and Thibaut Lamadon. Productivity Shocks, Long-Term Contracts and Earnings Dynamics. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28060.

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Dovis, Alessandro, and Paolo Martellini. Long-Term Contracts, Commitment, and Optimal Information Disclosure. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w33051.

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Calahorra-Jimenez, Maria, and Richard Poythress. Exploring Performance-Based Contracts: A Good Option to Address Long-Term Road Maintenance in California? Mineta Transportation Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2359.

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Performance-based contracts (PBCs) used in road maintenance provide flexibility for considering new materials, design, and technology to achieve predetermined performance targets. Several states in the U.S. have already used these types of contracts in road maintenance, and their experience can inform the use of PBCs in California. The objectives of this research are twofold. First, identify the benefits and challenges of PBCs compared to traditional contracts. Second, explore the main aspects of PBCs implementation for road maintenance and relate them to California's context. To this end, deductive-inductive content analysis was conducted on 84 peer-reviewed articles published between 1998 and 2023. Findings of this research identified the main benefits of PBCs to be: (1) cost savings, (2) improved work/service quality, and (3) reduction in risk to the transportation agency through the transfer of responsibility to the contractor. The main challenges were found to be: (1) the need for training and a shift in mindset from traditional contracting forms to PBCs, (2) the need to establish trust between contracting agencies and contractors, and (3) the temptation for contractors to abuse the system. Research findings highlighted "procurement," "performance indicators," and "incentives/disincentives" as the three major themes to consider in PBC implementation. California does not have a history of using performance-based contracts for road maintenance. Results from this research may be the first stepping stone to initiate the decision-making process to use these types of contracts for road maintenance.
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Handel, Benjamin, Igal Hendel, and Michael Whinston. The Welfare Effects of Long-Term Health Insurance Contracts. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23624.

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Krueger, Dirk, and Harald Uhlig. Neoclassical Growth with Long-Term One-Sided Commitment Contracts. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30518.

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Bermúdez, Guillermo, Ramiro Moya, and Marcela Cristini. Argentina's Housing Market in the 2000s. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011310.

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In the last three decades, the supply of housing in Argentina has not kept pace with demand. This study analyzes the main drivers of Argentina's housing market and relates them to the macroeconomic environment in order to advance a policy agenda for housing policy reform. The demand for housing was calculated and tenure choice was analyzed. Structural characteristics affecting Argentina's housing market include the high concentration of the urban population in a few large metropolitan areas, te association of urban poverty with the housing deficit, and overcrowding. The mortgage market lost its appeal following the 2001-02 crisis due to widespread breaches of contract legitimized through protective legislation (still in place), insufficient long-term financing, and high inflation. The housing deficit could be eliminated in five to eight years if well-coordinated policy initiatives to develop the mortgage market and provide low-income housing were adopted under a decentralized, demand-driven, subsidized program.
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