Relevant bibliographies by topics / Long-term loss of strength

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Long-term loss of strength'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Long-term loss of strength"

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Clark, S. K. "Loss of Adhesion of Cord-Rubber Composites in Aircraft Tires." Tire Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2148764.

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Abstract The degradation of adhesive strength between plies in aircraft tires was studied as a function of aging temperature, time, and environment. Adhesive strength degraded much faster than the cord tensile strength under the aging conditions used. Adhesive strength degraded faster in air than in nitrogen during the long-term aging. A 50% loss in adhesive strength is suggested as a reasonable critical value in determining tire life.
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Olama, Mohammed M., Kiran K. Jaladhi, Seddik M. Djouadi, and Charalambos D. Charalambous. "Recursive Estimation and Identification of Time-Varying Long-Term Fading Channels." Research Letters in Signal Processing 2007 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/17206.

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This paper is concerned with modeling of time-varying wireless long-term fading channels, parameter estimation, and identification from received signal strength data. Wireless channels are represented by stochastic differential equations, whose parameters and state variables are estimated using the expectation maximization algorithm and Kalman filtering, respectively. The latter are carried out solely from received signal strength data. These algorithms estimate the channel path loss and identify the channel parameters recursively. Numerical results showing the viability of the proposed channel estimation and identification algorithms are presented.
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Aygörmez, Yurdakul, and Orhan Canpolat. "Long-term sulfuric and hydrochloric acid resistance of silica fume and colemanite waste reinforced metakaolin-based geopolymers." Revista de la construcción 20, no. 2 (August 2021): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.20.2.291.

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For this paper, silica fume (SF), slag (S), and colemanite waste (C) were added to metakaolin (MK)-based geopolymer composites and exposed to 10% (by volume) hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solutions for up to 12 months. Geopolymer composites were examined in terms of weight loss, compressive strength, and flexural strength at 3, 6, and 12 months in solutions. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out to examine the microstructure before and after acid attacks. An important decrease in flexural and compressive strengths was seen when geopolymer mortars were subjected to sulfuric and hydrochloric acid attacks. The main cause of this situation is the deterioration of the oxy-aluminum bridge (-Al-Si-O) when exposed to sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. The oxy-aluminum bridge (-Al-Si-O), the primary factor in the geopolymer matrix, plays a significant role in consolidating the gel and enhancing the bond formed between the matrix components. Despite this, geopolymer mortar samples maintain the aluminosilicate structure. Compared to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid is a stronger solution, resulting in a greater loss of compressive and flexural strengths.
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Garthe, Ina, Truls Raastad, and Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen. "Long-Term Effect of Weight Loss on Body Composition and Performance in Elite Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 21, no. 5 (October 2011): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.21.5.426.

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Context:When weight loss (WL) is needed, it is recommended that athletes do it gradually by 0.5–1 kg/wk through moderate energy restriction. However, the effect of WL rate on long-term changes in body composition (BC) and performance has not been investigated in elite athletes.Purpose:To compare changes in body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), and performance 6 and 12 mo after 2 different WL interventions promoting loss of 0.7% vs. 1.4% of body weight per wk in elite athletes.Methods:Twenty-three athletes completed 6- and 12-mo postintervention testing (slow rate [SR] n = 14, 23.5 ± 3.3 yr, 72.2 ± 12.2 kg; fast rate [FR] n = 9, 21.4 ± 4.0 yr, 71.6 ± 12.0 kg). The athletes had individualized diet plans promoting the predetermined weekly WL during intervention, and 4 strength-training sessions per wk were included. BM, BC, and strength (1-repetition maximum) were tested at baseline, postintervention, and 6 and 12 mo after the intervention.Results:BM decreased by ~6% in both groups during the intervention but was not different from baseline values after 12 mo. FM decreased in SR and FR during the intervention by 31% ± 3% vs. 23% ± 4%, respectively, but was not different from baseline after 12 mo. LBM and upper body strength increased more in SR than in FR (2.0% ± 1.3% vs. 0.8% ± 1.1% and 12% ± 2% vs. 6% ± 2%) during the intervention, but after 12 mo there were no significant differences between groups in BC or performance.Conclusion:There were no significant differences between groups after 12 mo, suggesting that WL rate is not the most important factor in maintaining BC and performance after WL in elite athletes.
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Sahoo, Sanjukta, and Trupti Ranjan Mahapatra. "ANN Modeling to study strength loss of Fly Ash Concrete against Long term Sulphate Attack." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 11 (2018): 24595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.257.

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Ismail, Mohammad, Bala Muhammad, and Mohamed ElGelany Ismail. "Compressive strength loss and reinforcement degradations of reinforced concrete structure due to long-term exposure." Construction and Building Materials 24, no. 6 (June 2010): 898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.003.

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Niaza, Kirill V., Fedor S. Senatov, Andrey Stepashkin, Natalia Yu Anisimova, and Mikhail V. Kiselevsky. "Long-Term Creep and Impact Strength of Biocompatible 3D-Printed PLA-Based Scaffolds." Nano Hybrids and Composites 13 (January 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.13.15.

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In the present work porous scaffolds for trabecular bone defects replacement were studied. PLA and PLA/HA сomposites were obtained by extrusion. Scaffolds were obtained by 3D-printing by fused filament fabrication method. Long-term creep and Charpy impact tests show that PLA/HA scaffolds with the maximum force for destruction at impact of 119 N can function under a load of up to 10 MPa without shape changing and loss of mechanical properties. In vivo tests were used to investigate biocompatibility of scaffolds. The scaffolds may be used as implants for unloaded small bone defects replacement
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Marchand, L., M. Derenne, and A. Bazergui. "Weight Loss Correlation for Sheet Gasket Materials." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929007.

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Elevated temperature aged tests were performed on two fiber-reinforced sheet gasket materials with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) binder; a compressed asbestos and a compressed aramid. Weight loss, relaxation and cross-fiber tensile strength measurements were taken. An aging parameter (Ap) based on weight loss correlation is proposed which successfully groups data for different test times and temperatures. Ap is shown to have good potential as an accurate predictive parameter for determining long-term operating temperature on the basis of short-term tests. The use of the thermogravimetric approach is also discussed.
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Porter, Michelle M. "The Effects of Strength Training on Sarcopenia." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h01-009.

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In the past decade strength training has been investigated extensively as a means of reversing the muscle mass loss that occurs with aging (sarcopenia). High intensity resistance training (HIRT) has led to increased protein synthesis, along with muscle hypertrophy measured at the whole body, whole muscle, and muscle fibre levels, in older adults. Typically, the strength increments associated with HIRT have been much larger than the hypertrophic response. However, most HIRT periods have been quite short. Less is known about the long term hypertrophic response to HIRT in older adults. In order to lessen the effects of sarcopenia, HIRT should continue over the long-term in older adults, to improve functional performance and health. Key words: aging, muscle physiology, hypertrophy, exercise, weight lifting
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Liang, Robert Y., and Suckhong Lee. "Short-Term and Long-Term Aging Behavior of Rubber Modified Asphalt Paving Mixture." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1530, no. 1 (January 1996): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153000102.

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Aging of asphalt has been an important subject area that has received extensive studies in recent years. Test results of short-term and long-term aging behavior of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) modified asphalt paving materials are presented. Eighteen combinations of CRM modified binders in terms of CRM size, CRM content, and base asphalt cement grade were studied by Brookfield viscometer test and dynamic shear rheometer test. The short-term aged binders were prepared using thin film oven test. Viscosity was measured at 350°F in the Brookfield thermosel after mixing at 375°F for 2 hr. The test results showed that the size and percentage of CRM affected the viscosity development in the modified binders: the smaller the CRM size and the higher the CRM content, the higher the viscosity measured after 2-hr reaction at 375°F. Short-term aging exerted more viscosity increase in the CRM modified binders than in the unmodified binders. Modified binders showed less weight loss than unmodified binders. The modified binders showed higher complex modulus G* than unmodified. Short-term aging increased G*, with modified binders exhibiting higher increase. The Marshall mix design yielded various CRM modified mixes. The result of indirect tensile strength tests showed that short-term and long-term aging increased the measured tensile strengths. The resilient modulus test results, in general, supported the general understanding that aging tended to increase resilient modulus.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Long-term loss of strength"

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Büttner, Till, Allessandra Keil, Jeanette Orlowsky, and Michael Raupach. "Einsatz von Polymeren in Textilbeton – Entwicklung polymermodifizierter Betone und Einflüsse auf die Dauerhaftigkeit." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244045457582-60801.

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Die bei Textilbetonen überwiegend zum Einsatz kommenden Bewehrungen aus AR-Glas weisen infolge der Glaskorrosion einen signifikanten Tragfähigkeitsverlust auf. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes D5 des SFB 532 wurden die Faktoren, die die Dauerhaftigkeit des Werkstoffes beeinflussen, evaluiert und in einen Modellansatz umgesetzt. Anhand dieser Untersuchungen konnten Möglichkeiten zur Reduktion des langfristigen Festigkeitsverlustes aufgezeigt werden. Eine dieser Möglichkeiten ist die Polymermodifikation des Betons, die im Wesentlichen einen Einfluss auf den Wassertransport innerhalb des Betonquerschnitts hat. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes B4 des SFB 532 wurden polymermodifizierte Betone entwickelt und hinsichtlich ihres Wasseraufnahmeverhaltens untersucht. Im Anschluss wird die Wirkungsweise polymermodifizierter Betone hinsichtlich der Einflüsse auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von TRC beschrieben.
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Studzienko, Sharon. "Factors involved in long term maintenance of weight loss." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Hodgson, D. A. "The short and long term electric strength of polyethylene insulation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384272.

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Roberts, Laura McCoy. "The Long-Term Effects of Bereavement: A Longitudinal Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278017/.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the applicability of a model of bereavement to the long-term adjustment to loss. Based on Allen's (1990) model, it was predicted that the variables experienced competence, perceived resources, and the impact of the loss would contribute strongly to overall long-term bereavement adjustment. It was also predicted that time and multiple losses would impact adjustment to loss.
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Kim, Seung Dae. "Prediction of long-term prestress loss in concrete box girder bridges." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3355852.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 341-345).
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Pascual, Rebecca W. "Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake in Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2058.

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Objective: This study’s purpose was to examine dietary quality, macronutrient intake, and micronutrient adequacy among long term weight loss maintainers (WLM) in a commercial weight management program. Methods: Participants were 1,207 WLM in WW (formerly Weight Watchers) who had maintained a 9.1 kg or greater weight loss (29.7 kg on average) for 3.4 years, and had an average BMI of 28.3 kg/m2. A control group of weight stable adults with obesity (Controls; N=102) had a BMI of 41.1 kg/m2 and 2.3 kg or less weight change over the previous five years. Results: WLM vs. Controls had a 10.1 point higher HEI-2015 score (70.2 [69.7 - 70.7] vs 60.1 [58.4 - 61.8], respectively; p=0.0001) in analyses that adjusted for group difference in demographic factors. WLM versus Controls had a significantly higher average percentage of calories from carbohydrates (50.3% [49.7 - 50.8] vs 46.7% [44.8 - 48.7], respectively; p=0.0001) and protein (18.2% [18.0-18.5] vs 15.9% [15.1-16.6], respectively; p=0.0001) and lower percentage of calories from fat (32.3% [31.9-32.8] vs 37.4% [35.8-38.9], respectively; p=0.0001). Examining micronutrients, WLM had significantly higher odds for meeting the EAR for copper (OR=5.8 [2.6-13.1]; p=0.0001), magnesium (OR=2.9 [1.8-4.7]; p=0.0001), potassium (OR=4.7 [1.4-16.5]; p=0.015), vitamin A (OR=2.8 [1.7-4.8]; p=0.0001), thiamin (OR=2.3 [1.3-4.1]; p=0.003), riboflavin (OR=6.5 [2.2-19.3]; p=0.001), vitamin B6 (OR=2.91 [1.6-5.2]; p=0.0001), vitamin C (OR=5.0 [2.8-8.8]; p=0.0001), folate (OR=2.2 [1.3-3.7]; p=0.003), and vitamin E (OR=1.8 [1.1-2.8]; p=0.014) and didn’t differ in calcium (OR=1.15 [0.7-1.7]; p=0.823), iron (OR=1.9 [0.8-4.6]; p=0.151), phosphorus (OR=2.0 [0.9-4.5]; p=0.101), selenium (OR=1.6 [0.6-3.8]; p=0.332), zinc (OR=1.7 [0.9-3.0]; p=0.095), niacin (B3) (OR=1.9 [0.8-4.1]; p=0.136), vitamin B12 (OR=1.2 [0.5-2.8]; p=0.625), and vitamin D (OR=1.5 [0.9-2.4]; p=0.09). Conclusions In a widely available commercial program, WLM consumed a healthier and more micronutrient rich diet than adults who were weight stable with obesity. Future research is needed to examine whether improved micronutrient status among WLM reduces risk of chronic disease.
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Lin, Qiaoxing. "Strength degradation and damage micromechanism of granite under long-term loading." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37115406.

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Lin, Qiaoxing, and 林僑興. "Strength degradation and damage micromechanism of granite under long-term loading." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37115406.

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Voght, Angela Marie. "What is the long-term impact of early mother loss on daughters?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64751.pdf.

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Kidd, Cory David 1977. "Designing for long-term human-robot interaction and application to weight loss." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42407.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-251).
Human-robot interaction is now well enough understood to allow us to build useful systems that can function outside of the laboratory. This thesis defines sociable robot system in the context of long-term interaction, proposes guidelines for creating and evaluating such systems, and describes the implementation of a robot that has been designed to help individuals effect behavior change while dieting. The implemented system is a robotic weight loss coach, which is compared to a standalone computer and to a traditional paper log in a controlled study. A current challenge in weight loss is in getting individuals to keep off weight that is lost. The results of our study show that participants track their calorie consumption and exercise for nearly twice as long when using the robot than with the other methods and develop a closer relationship with the robot. Both of these are indicators of longer-term success at weight loss and maintenance.
by Cory David Kidd.
Ph.D.
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Books on the topic "Long-term loss of strength"

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Dying, death, and loss in long term care. La Grange, Tex: M & H Pub. Co., 1993.

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Acemoglu, D. An endogenous skill loss model of long-term unemployment. London: London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance, 1992.

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Roger, Green. Factors affecting the long term strength of compacted Beaumont clay. Austin, Tex: The Center, 1986.

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Bowden, Jonny. Living low carb: Controlled-carbohydrate eating for long-term weight loss. New York: Sterling, 2009.

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Bonfire of the humanities: Television, subliteracy, and long-term memory loss. [Syracuse, NY]: Syracuse University Press, 1995.

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Branch, Canada Statistics Canada Analytical Studies. Death and divorce: The long-term consequences of parental loss on adolescents. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1999.

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Statistics Canada. Analytical Studies Branch., ed. Death and divorce: The long-term consequences of parental loss on adolescents. Ottawa, Ont: Analytical Studies Branch, Statistics Canada, 1999.

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1939-, Handel Maryellen H., ed. Madness and loss of motherhood: Sexuality, reproduction, and long-term mental illness. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Press, 1993.

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Fabiano, Len. Mother, I'm doing the best I can: The families of aging parents during times of loss and crisis. Seagrave, Ont: ECS, 1991.

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Schra, L. Long-term outdoor stress corrosion testing of overaged 7000 series aluminium alloys. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Long-term loss of strength"

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Volkov, Ivan, Leonid Igumnov, and Svetlana Litvinchuk. "Creep and Long-Term Strength of Structures." In Structural Integrity, 305–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47883-4_54.

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Gotham, K. V. "Fatigue and Long Term Strength of Thermoplastics." In Developments in Plastics Technology —3, 155–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4183-0_5.

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Walravens, Toon, Joyce Bierbooms, and Paul Ter Horst. "Recovery and Strength-Based Practice in Long-Term Forensic Psychiatry." In Long-Term Forensic Psychiatric Care, 81–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12594-3_7.

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Kimura, Kazuhiro, Kota Sawada, Hideaki Kushima, and Yoshiaki Toda. "Long-term Creep Strength of Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 1059–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_196.

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Hatch, Trevan G., Katie E. Cherry, Keri L. Kytola, Yaxin Lu, and Loren D. Marks. "Loss, Chaos, Survival, and Despair: The Storm after the Storms." In Traumatic Stress and Long-Term Recovery, 231–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18866-9_13.

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Lundberg, Tommy. "Long-Term Effects of Supplementary Aerobic Training on Muscle Hypertrophy." In Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training, 167–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75547-2_12.

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Boss, Pauline, and Chikako Ishii. "Trauma and Ambiguous Loss: The Lingering Presence of the Physically Absent." In Traumatic Stress and Long-Term Recovery, 271–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18866-9_15.

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Cherry, Katie E., Loren D. Marks, Rachel Adamek, and Bethany A. Lyon. "Younger and Older Coastal Fishers Face Catastrophic Loss after Hurricane Katrina." In Traumatic Stress and Long-Term Recovery, 327–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18866-9_18.

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Vanrenterghem, Yves, and Jacques Peeters. "The impact of acute rejection on the long-term outcome after renal transplantation." In Late Graft Loss, 85–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5434-5_11.

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Knack, Jennifer M., Haylie L. Gomez, and Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell. "Bullying and its long-term health implications." In Social pain: Neuropsychological and health implications of loss and exclusion., 215–36. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/12351-010.

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Conference papers on the topic "Long-term loss of strength"

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Finneran, Shane, T. J. Prewitt, and Joel Kaufman. "Long Term Structural Integrity Considerations for Abandoned Pipelines." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64686.

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There has been increasing interest across the industry to better understand the possible long term risks associated with out of service pipelines. In Canada, the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA), Petroleum Technology Alliance of Canada (PTAC), and the National Energy Board (NEB), have undertaken multiple studies to identify and assess the threats related to pipeline abandonment. [1][2][3] The primary hazards typically identified across industry for pipeline abandonment are associated with long term corrosion degradation, potential for creation of water conduits, possible environmental impacts, and potential for pipeline collapse and associated soil subsidence. Unfortunately, little guidance is presently available to the industry for determining remaining structural capacity of a heavily corroded pipeline to establish likelihood, and possible timeline, of collapse, nor for determining possible subsidence magnitudes associated with large diameter transmission lines. This paper presents a technical case study for an assessment approximating the remaining strength of an abandoned pipeline subject to long term corrosion degradation, considering both general metal loss, and randomized pitting and perforation growth. The work presented used a combination of finite element analyses, and existing industry models for determining load bearing capacity of an abandoned pipeline under varying levels of degradation.
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Kimanzi, Raymos, Harshkumar Patel, Mahmoud Khalifeh, Saeed Salehi, and Catalin Teodoriu. "Potentials of Nano-Designed Plugs: Implications for Short and Long Term Well Integrity." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95614.

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Abstract Cement plugs are designed to protect the integrity of oil and gas wells by mitigating movement of formation fluids and leaks. A failure of the cement sheath can result in the loss of zonal isolation, which can lead to sustained casing pressure. In this study, nanosynthetic graphite with designed expansive properties has been introduced to fresh cement slurry. The expansive properties of nanosynthetic graphite were achieved by controlling the preparation conditions. The material was made from synthetic graphite and has a surface area ranging from 325–375 m2/gram. Several tests including compressive strength, rheology, and thickening time were performed. An addition of 1% nanosynthetic graphite with appropriate reactivity was sufficient to maintain expansion in the cement system, leading to an early compressive strength development. It has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and can be used to design a cement system with short and long-term integrity. Rheology and thickening time tests confirmed its pumpability. Controlling the concentration of the additive is a promising method that can be used to mitigate gas migration in gas bearing and shallow gas formations.
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Ku, Bih-Yuan, Jen-Sen Liu, and Ming-Jan Ko. "Quantitative Measurement of Pantograph Loss of Contact Dynamics." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2439.

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In this paper we present our work on the development of a quantitative measurement advice to capture the dynamics of pantograph arcing during loss of contact. Despite the difficulties involved, it is very important for the railroad operators to accurately measure the pantograph loss-of-contact dynamics in order to assess the current collection quality of the pantograph with the overhead contact system during the commissioning phase and long-term operation. We use photovoltaic cells to construct a simple but effective sensor that can produce a voltage signal proportional to arc strength and duration, which can then be used as a precise quantitative measure of the loss of contact dynamics of the pantograph.
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Yamaguchi, Atsushi, and Nobuyuki Yoshida. "Evaluation of Strength of Pipe With Metal-Loss due to CUI by FFS and FEA Which Considered the Fracture Ductility." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84741.

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Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is an aging degradation issue in long-term service vessels and pipes made of carbon steel and low-alloy steel. One of the problems in managing CUI is an equivocal evaluation technique of thinning detected by inspection. A replacement period with more accuracy can be evaluated more appropriately by performing fitness-for-service (FFS) assessment in this equipment. It is important to verify the validity of the FFS assessment using actually corroded pipes in order to promote the spread of FFS assessment in the domestic industry. In the present paper, pipes with complicated metal-loss due to CUI that were used in a chemical plant are burst in burst tests. An estimated burst pressure, which is calculated based on the assessment of metal-loss and through finite element analysis (FEA) based on FFS assessment, is compared with experimentally obtained burst pressures in order to validate the integrity evaluation. The burst pressure is then estimated by FEA, in which the ductile fracture under the multiaxial stress condition is considered. The burst pressure estimated by FFS approximately matched the burst pressure obtained based on experimental results. Fitness-for-service is sufficiently valid for investigating the remaining strength or burst pressure of corroded pipe. In addition, the burst pressure estimated by FEA that considered the ductile fracture under the multiaxial stress condition agreed with the experimental results and is valid so long as the remaining strength factor (RSF) is less than 0.6.
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Nakano, Mitsuyuki, Haruko Sasaki, and Kanji Hanashima. "The Prediction of Long-Term and Emergency Sealability of Silicone and EPDM Gaskets." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30169.

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At nuclear power plants, containment vessel acts as pressure barrier in such an emergency as a loss-of-coolant accident. It is important as safety equipment to prevent radiological from leaking outside. Rubber gaskets, which are used for sealing faces of containment vessel, are needed to maintain certain sealability not only in stable condition but also in an emergent situation. Among important characteristics of the rubber gasket are not only physical property changes after general aging test (for example, tensile strength changes after heat resistance test) that indicate long-term stability of gasket itself, but also after radiation resistance test which gives potential to good substitute characteristic in terms of sealability in such cases. Physical property changes after general aging test do not always substitute sealability in an emergency, because they do not reflect effects of radiation. That is why nuclear power plant engineers must choose suitable rubber materials that have high performance in radiation resistance. In Japan, silicone rubber gaskets have been used for containment vessel for a long time since 1970th, but in the United States, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) gaskets have been widely used. NICHIAS has silicone rubber and EPDM materials for containment vessel and these gaskets have been used in nuclear power plant. But it is not obvious why different materials have been used in two countries because few relative comparisons of the two materials have been carried out. Especially silicone rubber and EPDM gaskets have many combinations of chemical compositions, so it is difficult to evaluate gasket suitability for containment vessel. There are many kinds of studies concerning long-term stability and life of gasket, but we all must know what characteristics relate sealability under radiation exposure condition and are suitable for guidepost of sealability under previous condition. This report compares silicone rubber gasket with EPDM gasket on physical property changes under irradiation and thermal treatment. We report compression set test results about one each type of silicone rubber and EPDM gasket under irradiation from Co60. And we also report relationships in physical property changes between irradiation and thermal treatment. Finally NICHIAS predicts long-term and emergency sealability of these gaskets from the results of evaluation. We hope it will be a part of design guideline of rubber gasket for containment vessel.
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Tom, Joe G., Dirk P. Rijnsdorp, Raffaele Ragni, and David J. White. "Fluid-Structure-Soil Interaction of a Moored Wave Energy Device." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95419.

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Abstract This paper explores the response of a wave energy device during extreme and operational conditions and the effect of this response on the geotechnical stability of the associated taut moorings. The non-hydrostatic wave-flow model SWASH is used to simulate the response of a taut-moored wave energy converter. The predicted forces acting on the mooring system are used to compute the build-up of excess pore pressures in the soil around the mooring anchor and the resulting changes in strength and capacity. An initial loss of strength is followed by a subsequent increase in capacity, associated with long-term cyclic loading and hardening due to consolidation. The analyses show how cyclic loading may actually benefit and reduce anchoring requirements for wave energy devices. It demonstrates the viability of a close interdisciplinary approach towards an optimized and cost-effective design of mooring systems, which form a significant proportion of expected capital expenditures.
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Leis, Brian N. "Continuing Development of Metal-Loss Severity Criteria, Including Width Effects." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9575.

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Abstract The emergence in the early 1970s of what about a decade later became the first release of ASME B31G began the development and evolution of criteria to assess the severity of metal-loss defects. Motivated by the desire to reduce the conservatism embedded in B31G, the late 1980s saw the release of Modified B31G, with that same report also introducing RSTRENG, which quantified “riverbottom” effects. The desire to avoid excessive conservatism in their application to higher-strength Grades gave rise to alternative criteria for such applications. PCORRC appeared in 1997, with early versions of DNV RP-F101 and British Gas’ LPC-1 criteria following shortly thereafter. It has since become evident for isolated smooth-bottomed features that in addition to feature length and depth, its width can be a factor, as can its planar shape, and through-thickness profile. This paper builds on insight gained from the prior work, presenting and validating a Level 1 failure criteria for isolated metal-loss features. The defect-free term for this Level 1 criterion relies on the Zhu-Leis criterion for defect-free pipe failure. That criterion is coupled to a recalibrated defect term analogous to PCORRC, whose extension to include the effects of width is considered. The resulting Level 1 criterion is validated in reference to full-scale tests of pipe with metal-loss, which include a mix of real corrosion and flat-bottomed machined features. These tests consider Grades from Gr B to X100, a wide range of diameters and thicknesses, and in many cases the effect of width. Finite element results are used to illustrate the role of width. Benchmarked against almost 80 full-scale tests it is shown that this new approach affects a reduction in conservatism. At the same time, it provides clear benefits in regard to reduced predictive scatter, as well as a reduction in required maintenance, and the scope of features that must be considered in field-digs.
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Koripelli, Rama S., and David N. French. "Issues Related to Creep-Strength-Enhanced Ferritic (CSEF) Steels." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32027.

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T-91 and P-91 are the oldest of a new class of creep-strength-enhanced ferritic steels (CSEF) approved for use in boilers and pressure vessels. These newer alloys develop high strength through heat treatment, a rapid cooling or quenching to form martensite, followed by a temper to improve ductility. As a result, these alloys offer a much higher allowable stress which means thinner sections provide adequate strength for high-temperature service. Most of the applications thus far have been a substitute for P-22/T-22. The primary advantages of T91 materials over conventional low-alloy steels are: higher allowable stresses for a given temperature, improved oxidation, corrosion, creep and fatigue resistance. T23 is also considered as a member of the family of CSEF steels. The alloying elements such as tungsten, vanadium, boron, titanium and niobium and heat treatment separate this alloy from the well defined T22 steel. Although, T23 is designated for tubing application, its piping counterpart P23 has a strong potential in header applications due to superior strength compared to P22 headers. Now that T-91 and P-91 have been in service for nearly 30 years, some shortcomings have become apparent. A perusal of the allowable stress values for T-91 shows a drop off in tensile strength above about 1150°F. Thus, start-up conditions where superheaters, and especially reheaters, may experience metal temperatures above 1200°F, lead to over-tempering and loss of creep strength. During welding, the temperature varies from above the melting point of the steel to room temperature. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is defined as the zone next to the fusion line at the edge of the weld metal that has been heated high enough to form austenite, i.e., above the lower critical transformation temperature. On cooling, the austenite transforms to martensite. Next to this region of microstructural transformation, there is an area heated to just below the austenite formation temperature, but above the tempering temperature of the tube/pipe when manufactured. This region has been, in effect, over-tempered by the welding and subsequent post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Over-tempering softens the tempered martensite with the associated loss of both tensile and creep strength. This region of low strength is subject to failure during service. Creep strength of T91 steel is obtained via a quenching process followed by controlled tempering treatment. Elements such as niobium and vanadium in the steel precipitate at defect sites as carbides; this is known as the ‘pinning effect’. Any subsequent welding/cold working requires a precise PWHT. Inappropriate and/or lack of PWHT can destroy the ‘pinning effect’ resulting in loss of creep strength and premature failures. Several case studies will be presented with the problems associated with T91/T23 materials. Case studies will be presented, with the results of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hardness measurements and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. One case study will discuss how the over-tempering caused a reduced creep strength, resulting in premature creep failure in a finishing superheater tube. A second case presents the carburization of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) superheater tube, resulting in reduced corrosion/oxidation resistance. A case study demonstrates how a short-term overheating excursion led to reheat cracking in T23 tubing. Another case will present creep degradation in T91 reheater steel tube due to high temperature exposures (over-tempering).
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Lubell, Daniel, Christopher DellaCorte, and Malcolm Stanford. "Test Evolution and Oil-Free Engine Experience of a High Temperature Foil Air Bearing Coating." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90572.

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During the start-up and shut-down of a turbomachine supported on compliant foil bearings, before the bearings have full development of the hydrodynamic gas film, sliding occurs between the rotor and the bearing foils. Traditional solid lubricants (e.g., graphite, Teflon®) readily solve this problem at low temperature. High temperature operation, however, has been a key obstacle. Without a suitable high temperature coating, foil air bearing use is limited to about 300°C (570°F). In oil-free gas turbines, a hot section bearing presents a very aggressive environment for these coatings. A NASA developed coating, PS304, represents one tribological approach to this challenge. In this paper, the use of PS304 as a rotor coating operating against a hot foil gas bearing is reviewed and discussed. During the course of several long term, high cycle, engine tests, which included two coating related failures, the PS304 technology evolved and improved. For instance, a post deposition thermal treatment to improve dimensional stability, and improvements to the deposition process to enhance strength resulted from the engine evaluations. Largely because of this work, the bearing/coating combination has been successfully demonstrated at over 500°C (930°F) in an oil-free gas turbine for over 2500 hours and 2900 start-stop cycles without damage or loss of performance when properly applied. Ongoing testing at Glenn Research Center as part of a long term program is over 3500 hours and 150 cycles.
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Srivastava, S. K. "Mechanical Properties, Oxidation Resistance and Their Interaction for Two Gas Turbine Seal Ring Alloys." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-341.

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HAYNES® 242™ alloy is a recently developed Ni-25Mo-8Cr alloy primarily for gas-turbine components requiring a combination of low-thermal expansion and high strength, such as seal rings. INCOLOY® alloy 909 is an iron-base Invar-type alloy used in similar applications. Alloy 909 exhibits substantial advantages over 242 alloy in RT and 650°C (1200°F) - 0.2% yield strength, although at considerable loss of ductility and toughness. In stress-rupture testing over a range of 540°-760°C (1000–1400°F), the 100-hr rupture strengths of alloy 909 are consistently inferior to those of the 242 alloy. This dichotomy in short-time versus long-time tensile properties is likely due to the poor oxidation resistance of alloy 909. Comparative static oxidation and oxidation data concurrent with stress-rupture testing for the two alloys are presented and discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Long-term loss of strength"

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Watts, Benjamin E., Danielle E. Kennedy, Ethan W. Thomas, Andrew P. Bernier, and Jared I. Oren. Long-Term Durability of Cold Weather Concrete : Phase II. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39579.

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Recent laboratory results confirm that it is possible to protect concrete from freezing solely using chemical admixtures and indicate that the amount of admixture required may be significantly less than previously recommended. Researchers have also verified that admixture-based freeze protection can produce concrete that is durable to winter exposure for a minimum of 20 years, through petrographic examination of core specimens obtained from past field demonstrations. Freeze protection for concrete using chemical admixtures alone has been an area of active research for 3 decades; however, the most recent methodology recommends very high addition rates of accelerating and corrosion inhibiting admixtures, which result in significant challenges, including slump loss, rapid setting, and potentially excessive temperature rise. As part of a laboratory study, researchers systematically varied the dosage of freeze protection admixtures used in concrete cured in a 23 °F environment. Preliminary findings indicate that a 50% reduction in admixture dose maintained adequate freeze protection and resulted in compressive strengths exceeding those of room-temperature controls at 7 and 28 days. The combination of improved handling, reduced cost, and verified durability associated with the use of admixtures for freeze protection makes a compelling case for broader adoption of this technique in winter operations
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Nelson, C. F., G. Gauthier, and F. Carlin. Long-term aging and loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) testing of electrical cables. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/385579.

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3

Richardson, I. G., E. W. Cliver, and H. V. Cane. Long-Term Trends in Interplanetary Magnetic Field Strength and Solar Wind Structure During the Twentieth Century. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423110.

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Venkataraman, A., and M. Messner. An initial framework for the rapid qualification of long-term creep rupture strength via microstructural modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1814829.

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Bedrossian, P. J. Surface topographies of one-year weight-loss coupons of alloy C-22 from long-term corrosion testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/12205.

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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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Patel, Tapan P., Scott C. Ventre, Pallab K. Singh, and David F. Meaney. NR2B-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Contribute to Network Asynchrony and Loss of Long-Term Potentiation Following Mild Mechanical Injury In Vitro. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada586145.

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Adams, B. E. Residual gas analysis (RGA) and shear strength characteristics of a silver-filled epoxy and polyimide under long-term, high-temperature storage conditions. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10143120.

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9

Mallarino, Antonio P., Matthew J. Helmers, and David Haden. Impacts of Phosphorus and Tillage Management Systems for Corn and Soybean Production on Soil and Phosphorus Loss with Surface Runoff—A New Long-Term Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-675.

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Lomboy, Gilson, Douglas Cleary, Seth Wagner, Yusef Mehta, Danielle Kennedy, Benjamin Watts, Peter Bly, and Jared Oren. Long-term performance of sustainable pavements using ternary blended concrete with recycled aggregates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40780.

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Dwindling supplies of natural concrete aggregates, the cost of landfilling construction waste, and interest in sustainable design have increased the demand for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in new portland cement concrete mixtures. RCA repurposes waste material to provide useful ingredients for new construction applications. However, RCA can reduce the performance of the concrete. This study investigated the effectiveness of ternary blended binders, mixtures containing portland cement and two different supplementary cementitious materials, at mitigating performance losses of concrete mixtures with RCA materials. Concrete mixtures with different ternary binder combinations were batched with four recycled concrete aggregate materials. For the materials used, the study found that a blend of portland cement, Class C fly ash, and blast furnace slag produced the highest strength of ternary binder. At 50% replacement of virgin aggregates and ternary blended binder, some specimens showed comparable mechanical performance to a control mix of only portland cement as a binder and no RCA substitution. This study demonstrates that even at 50% RCA replacement, using the appropriate ternary binder can create a concrete mixture that performs similarly to a plain portland cement concrete without RCA, with the added benefit of being environmentally beneficial.
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