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1
Büttner, Till, Allessandra Keil, Jeanette Orlowsky, and Michael Raupach. "Einsatz von Polymeren in Textilbeton – Entwicklung polymermodifizierter Betone und Einflüsse auf die Dauerhaftigkeit." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244045457582-60801.
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Die bei Textilbetonen überwiegend zum Einsatz kommenden Bewehrungen aus AR-Glas weisen infolge der Glaskorrosion einen signifikanten Tragfähigkeitsverlust auf. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes D5 des SFB 532 wurden die Faktoren, die die Dauerhaftigkeit des Werkstoffes beeinflussen, evaluiert und in einen Modellansatz umgesetzt. Anhand dieser Untersuchungen konnten Möglichkeiten zur Reduktion des langfristigen Festigkeitsverlustes aufgezeigt werden. Eine dieser Möglichkeiten ist die Polymermodifikation des Betons, die im Wesentlichen einen Einfluss auf den Wassertransport innerhalb des Betonquerschnitts hat. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes B4 des SFB 532 wurden polymermodifizierte Betone entwickelt und hinsichtlich ihres Wasseraufnahmeverhaltens untersucht. Im Anschluss wird die Wirkungsweise polymermodifizierter Betone hinsichtlich der Einflüsse auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von TRC beschrieben.
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Studzienko, Sharon. "Factors involved in long term maintenance of weight loss." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Hodgson, D. A. "The short and long term electric strength of polyethylene insulation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384272.
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Roberts, Laura McCoy. "The Long-Term Effects of Bereavement: A Longitudinal Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278017/.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the applicability of a model of bereavement to the long-term adjustment to loss. Based on Allen's (1990) model, it was predicted that the variables experienced competence, perceived resources, and the impact of the loss would contribute strongly to overall long-term bereavement adjustment. It was also predicted that time and multiple losses would impact adjustment to loss.
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Kim, Seung Dae. "Prediction of long-term prestress loss in concrete box girder bridges." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3355852.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 341-345).
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Pascual, Rebecca W. "Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake in Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2058.
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Objective: This study’s purpose was to examine dietary quality, macronutrient intake, and micronutrient adequacy among long term weight loss maintainers (WLM) in a commercial weight management program.
Methods: Participants were 1,207 WLM in WW (formerly Weight Watchers) who had maintained a 9.1 kg or greater weight loss (29.7 kg on average) for 3.4 years, and had an average BMI of 28.3 kg/m2. A control group of weight stable adults with obesity (Controls; N=102) had a BMI of 41.1 kg/m2 and 2.3 kg or less weight change over the previous five years.
Results: WLM vs. Controls had a 10.1 point higher HEI-2015 score (70.2 [69.7 - 70.7] vs 60.1 [58.4 - 61.8], respectively; p=0.0001) in analyses that adjusted for group difference in demographic factors. WLM versus Controls had a significantly higher average percentage of calories from carbohydrates (50.3% [49.7 - 50.8] vs 46.7% [44.8 - 48.7], respectively; p=0.0001) and protein (18.2% [18.0-18.5] vs 15.9% [15.1-16.6], respectively; p=0.0001) and lower percentage of calories from fat (32.3% [31.9-32.8] vs 37.4% [35.8-38.9], respectively; p=0.0001). Examining micronutrients, WLM had significantly higher odds for meeting the EAR for copper (OR=5.8 [2.6-13.1]; p=0.0001), magnesium (OR=2.9 [1.8-4.7]; p=0.0001), potassium (OR=4.7 [1.4-16.5]; p=0.015), vitamin A (OR=2.8 [1.7-4.8]; p=0.0001), thiamin (OR=2.3 [1.3-4.1]; p=0.003), riboflavin (OR=6.5 [2.2-19.3]; p=0.001), vitamin B6 (OR=2.91 [1.6-5.2]; p=0.0001), vitamin C (OR=5.0 [2.8-8.8]; p=0.0001), folate (OR=2.2 [1.3-3.7]; p=0.003), and vitamin E (OR=1.8 [1.1-2.8]; p=0.014) and didn’t differ in calcium (OR=1.15 [0.7-1.7]; p=0.823), iron (OR=1.9 [0.8-4.6]; p=0.151), phosphorus (OR=2.0 [0.9-4.5]; p=0.101), selenium (OR=1.6 [0.6-3.8]; p=0.332), zinc (OR=1.7 [0.9-3.0]; p=0.095), niacin (B3) (OR=1.9 [0.8-4.1]; p=0.136), vitamin B12 (OR=1.2 [0.5-2.8]; p=0.625), and vitamin D (OR=1.5 [0.9-2.4]; p=0.09).
Conclusions In a widely available commercial program, WLM consumed a healthier and more micronutrient rich diet than adults who were weight stable with obesity. Future research is needed to examine whether improved micronutrient status among WLM reduces risk of chronic disease.
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Lin, Qiaoxing. "Strength degradation and damage micromechanism of granite under long-term loading." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37115406.
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Lin, Qiaoxing, and 林僑興. "Strength degradation and damage micromechanism of granite under long-term loading." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37115406.
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Voght, Angela Marie. "What is the long-term impact of early mother loss on daughters?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64751.pdf.
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Kidd, Cory David 1977. "Designing for long-term human-robot interaction and application to weight loss." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42407.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-251).
Human-robot interaction is now well enough understood to allow us to build useful systems that can function outside of the laboratory. This thesis defines sociable robot system in the context of long-term interaction, proposes guidelines for creating and evaluating such systems, and describes the implementation of a robot that has been designed to help individuals effect behavior change while dieting. The implemented system is a robotic weight loss coach, which is compared to a standalone computer and to a traditional paper log in a controlled study. A current challenge in weight loss is in getting individuals to keep off weight that is lost. The results of our study show that participants track their calorie consumption and exercise for nearly twice as long when using the robot than with the other methods and develop a closer relationship with the robot. Both of these are indicators of longer-term success at weight loss and maintenance.
by Cory David Kidd.
Ph.D.
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Lane, April D. "INCREASING LONG TERM WEIGHT LOSS SUCCESS: AN INDIVIDUALIZED, HOLISTIC, SELF-CARE MODEL." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/13.
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Despite the many weight loss options available, the majority of overweight and obese individuals who try to lose or maintain weight loss are unsuccessful. This lack of success has been the focus of extensive research. In an attempt to develop more effective modalities, researchers have identified several predictors of weight loss success. However, the efficacy of diets is still limited.
For many, this lack of weight loss success may be due to issues such as depression, loneliness, anxiety, lack of support, or other environmental factors that may be imperceptibly related to food and exercise. Repeated dieting failures may produce feelings of deprivation, low self-esteem, reduced self-efficacy, and dietary rebellion. For these individuals, a more holistic approach to addressing weight-related issues may be more effective and is the impetus for the development of this project.
This project was developed utilizing several previously identified predictors of weight loss success, holistic and weight loss models, along with several self-help lay publications. This resulted in the development of a unique, holistic, self-care guide that is easily individualized and based on personal weight management needs. Individuals can potentially identify their unique physical, emotional, and spiritual motives for overeating or lack of physical activity, and design their own plan of action; potentially providing themselves with a new level of health and happiness not previously realized.
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Lanham, Ann Catherine. "Evaluating the psychological predictors of long term weight loss following bariatric surgery." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10739/.
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Introduction: Weight loss surgery (WLS) is cost effective for managing obesity. Yet nearly a third of patients do not achieve successful weight loss (WL) long-term. Furthermore identifying psychological characteristics of long-term successful WL, remain largely undetermined. Aims: To examine the psychological and WL outcomes of patients who had WLS 2-10 years ago and to identify which preoperative and/or postoperative psychological factors might predict successful WL long term. Method: 24 patients, who had undergone WLS 2-10 years ago, participated. Two data sets were used: (1) retrospective data from participants’ medical records on their surgical procedure, physical and psychological health before and after surgery and (2) follow-up data from eight questionnaires, on postoperative psychological functioning, eating behaviours, physical health and adherence to professional support. Results: Participants were predominantly female (n=19), had undergone Roux–en–Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n=19), on average four years prior to follow-up. Mean postoperative WL was 41kg (SD = 18.47) and two thirds of participants (n =16) achieved more than 25% WL. Fifty per cent had a probable anxiety disorder, a third were hazardously drinking alcohol and most had weight related quality of life concerns. RYGB patients with successful WL (n=14) had significantly fewer disordered eating symptoms (p < 0.005), than the unsuccessful WL group (n=5). Disordered eating symptoms also significantly correlated with %WL, even after controlling for years since surgery (F(2,16) = 5.77, p < 0.013.). The relationship between preoperative psychological factors and %WL was not determined due to a lack of data in the medical records. Conclusion: While WLS is successful in reducing obesity, it is unclear whether the presence of postoperative psychological difficulties in this sample is a consequence of this procedure. Further research is required to determine if key psychological characteristics can predict %WL.
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Goldberg, Caroline. "And her children shall rise, the long-term effects of early mother loss." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/MQ48508.pdf.
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Goldberg, Caroline (Caroline Geta) Carleton University Dissertation Social Work. ""And her children shall rise"; the long-term effects of early mother loss." Ottawa, 1999.
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Bedard, Marc. "Long-Term Cognitive Impairment Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury with Loss of Consciousness." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41923.
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A small subset of individuals that have experienced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may
experience persistent cognitive deficits more than a year following the head injury.
Neuroimaging studies reveal structural and functional changes in frontal areas of the brain,
exacerbated when loss of consciousness is experienced, and indicate that these changes may be
progressive in nature for some people. Social support and social participation have, however,
been suggested to confer cognitive reserve - neurocognitive protection against cognitive decline.
Analyses were run on Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) neuropsychological data,
consisting of individuals who experienced mTBI with loss of consciousness (n = 536 for less
than 1 minute, and n = 435 for unconsciousness between 1 and 20 minutes) more than a year
prior, and 13,163 no-head injury comparisons. These same individuals were re-assessed three
years later.
The results presented in this thesis suggest that at a year or more after a single mTBI with loss of
consciousness, a small subset of individuals are more likely to be impaired on prospective
memory and other executive functioning tasks, relative to comparisons. In addition, when
examined at three-year follow-up, those who experienced mTBI with longer duration of
unconsciousness were more likely to exhibit cognitive decline relative to those who experienced
less unconsciousness or comparisons. Moreover, greater social participation over the past year,
and more perceived social support were predictive of lessened cognitive deterioration in those
individuals.
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Akers, Jeremy Dewayne. "Increased Water Consumption: A Self-Regulatory Strategy for Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26668.
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One-third of the American population is obese (1), and of those successful at losing weight, most return to their baseline weight within three to five years (2). In an effort to increase the success of weight loss maintenance (WTLM), research has focused on strategies that promote self-regulation (3). Self-regulation strategies, such as daily self-monitoring of body weight (4), increased step count (5, 6), and increased fruit and vegetable intake (7) have proven to be effective in long-term WTLM interventions. To date, increased water consumption has not been researched as a WTLM strategy, yet it has been shown to decrease meal energy intake (8, 9) and increase weight loss among middle-aged and older adults (10). The purpose of our first investigation was to determine if self-monitoring of increased water consumption facilitates WTLM over 12 months among middle-aged to older adults, when combined with other self-regulation strategies. Our second investigation was a review of WTLM literature to determine the translation potential published interventions using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy/effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework (11) to provide recommendations for future research. Our first main finding was that weekly tracking of these self-regulatory behaviors (self-weighing, step counts, fruit/vegetable intake) for 12 months promotes effective long-term WTLM among middle-aged and older adults. However, daily self-monitoring of increased water consumption (48 fl oz/day) did not appear to provide an additional benefit. Secondly, we have identified significant gaps in the WTLM literature that may hinder the translatability of existing effective interventions. Specifically, current WTLM research is limited in reporting important external validity factors (e.g. costs, adoption, participation rate). Available WTLM literature provided a more detailed overview of Reach, Efficacy, and Implementation, yet was little information on potential adoption, costs, or sustainability. Future work in this area should address these factors to increase the translation potential of WTLM interventions in clinical or community settings.Ph. D.
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Zahnert, Thomas, Robert Mlynski, Hubert Löwenheim, Dirk Beutner, Rudolf Hagen, Arneborg Ernst, Thorsten Zehlicke, et al. "Long-Term Outcomes of Vibroplasty Coupler Implantations to Treat Mixed/Conductive Hearing Loss." Karger, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38918.
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Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety and performance of four different vibroplasty couplers (round window, oval window, CliP and Bell coupler) in combination with an active middle ear implant. Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, long-term study including 5 German hospitals. Thirty adult subjects suffering from conductive or mixed hearing loss were initially enrolled for the study, 24 of these were included in the final analysis with up to 36 months of postsurgical follow-up data. Bone conduction and air conduction were measured pre- and postoperatively to evaluate safety. Postoperative aided sound field thresholds and Freiburger monosyllable word recognition scores were compared to unaided pre-implantation results to confirm performance. Additional speech tests compared postoperative unaided with aided results. To determine patient satisfaction, an established quality-of-life questionnaire developed for conventional hearing aid usage was administered to all subjects. Results: Mean postoperative bone conduction thresholds remained stable throughout the whole study period. Mean functional gain for all couplers investigated was 38.5 ± 11.4 dB HL (12 months) and 38.8 ± 12.5 dB HL (36 months). Mean word recognition scores at 65 dB SPL increased from 2.9% in the unaided by 64.2% to 67.1% in the aided situation. The mean postoperative speech reception in quiet (or 50% understanding of words in sentences) shows a speech intelligibility improvement at 36 months of 17.8 ± 12.4 dB SPL over the unaided condition. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improved by 5.9 ± 7.2 dB SNR over the unaided condition. High subjective device satisfaction was reflected by the International Inventory for Hearing Aids scored very positively. Conclusion: A significant improvement was seen with all couplers, and audiological performance did not significantly differ between 12 and 36 months after surgery.
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Perret, Olivier. "Strength and Stability of Cross-Laminated-Timber Walls at Short and Long Term." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1246/document.
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Ce mémoire de thèse aborde le problème du flambement de murs en bois lamellé-croisé. Ces panneaux de bois, constitués de planches collées perpendiculairement, sont de plus en plus utilisés dans la construction. La tendance actuelle du marché est de concevoir des immeubles de grande hauteur, ce qui soulève la question de la résistance en compression de ces murs. Il s'avère que le bois est fortement anisotrope. En particulier, la raideur et la résistance en cisaillement perpendiculaire aux fibres, également appelé cisaillement roulant, sont beaucoup plus faibles que dans la direction parallèle aux fibres. Ce fort contraste nécessite un critère de conception plus élaboré que les outils classiques utilisés dans l'ingénierie du bois. Ce travail est organisé en deux parties. Dans la première partie, la raideur équivalente de cisaillement transverse d'un panneau de bois lamellé-croisé est étudiée. Des bornes sont établies par une approche théorique. Ces bornes sont validées par un nouveau dispositif expérimental qui permet la mesure de la raideur en cisaillement roulant avec une variabilité plus faible que le test textit{single-lap} classiquement utilisé. Dans la deuxième partie, ces données sont utilisées dans l'analyse du flambement de panneaux en bois lamellé-croisé en raffinant progressivement le problème. Dans un premier temps, la charge critique de flambement linéaire d'une plaque épaisse sans imperfections est établie. Cette charge critique est basée sur une nouvelle théorie de plaque d'ordre supérieur et montre que la charge critique de flambement basée sur une théorie de plaque mince (Kirchhoff-Love) ne peut pas estimer correctement la résistance de murs en bois lamellé-croisé. Dans un second temps, l'influence des imperfections est étudiée en adaptant l'approche classique de Ayrton et Perry à une poutre de Timoshenko. Cette extension a révélé qu'un nouveau critère de résistance doit être satisfait lors du flambement qui est spécifique aux murs en bois lamellé-croisé. Dans un dernier temps, cette analyse est étendue aux charges permanentes en supposant une loi de fluage simple qui conduit à un nouveau critère de conception simple qui pourrait facilement être adopté dans les codes de conception actuelsThis PhD thesis addresses the issue of CLT wall buckling. These wooden panels, made of boards which are glued cross-wise, are more and more used in construction. The current trend of the market is to design high-rise buildings which raises the issue of the compressive strength of such walls. It turns out that wood is a highly anisotropic material. Especially, the shear stiffness and strength perpendicular to the grain (rolling shear) are much weaker than in the direction parallel to the grain. This high contrast requires more elaborate design criteria than classical tools used in timber engineering. This work is organized in two main parts. First, the equivalent rolling-shear behavior of a CLT layer is investigated. Bounds are established for the stiffness of an equivalent layer using a theoretical approach. These bounds are validated by means of a new experimental set-up which allows the measurement of the rolling shear stiffness with less variability than the classical single lap shear test. In the second part, this data is used in the buckling analysis of CLT walls with increasing refinements. First, the linear buckling load of a thick plate without imperfection is established. This load is based on a new higher-order plate theory and reveals that the critical load based on a thin plate theory (Kirchhoff-Love) cannot predict correctly the strength of CLT walls. Then, the influence of imperfections is introduced adapting the classical approach from Ayrton and Perry to the case of a Timoshenko beam. This extension reveals that a new design criterion has to be satisfied under buckling which is specific to CLT. Finally, this analysis is extended to long term loads assuming a simple creep law and leading to a new simple design criterion which may be easily introduced in current design codes
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Merrington, Bill. "The loss of a child : the long term impact upon the parent-child bond." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2499/.
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Research has been carried out from a psychological perspective, to examine the effects of bereavement in families when they have experienced the loss of a baby, child, teenager or young adult. This has involved interviewing parents in Lebanon, Tanzania and Uganda. The results were then compared to previous research carried out by the author in England (For a M.Phil. in Theology titled, ‘Bereavement in Families who have lost Babies, Children and Teenagers; An Empirical and Theological Study’. Birmingham University , 1995). Using the collective data, the theory of Shadow Grief is investigated in terms of whether it is a genuine condition within bereaved parents, as compared to other grief reactions such as chronic grief, disenfranchised grief or pathological grief. It was found that the bond between a parent and child was a particularly deep rooted affectionate bond. There are similarities between this bond and Bowlby’s concept of attachment theory. Parents from the English sample showed some signs of maintaining a bond with the deceased many years after the loss. This was seen to a lesser extent in the African context. This requires further research to clarify this effect both in the English culture and cross-culturally, looking at a broader section of communities where child loss had taken place. Grief therapists need to be more aware of the long lasting effects that the loss of a child has upon a parent, especially those who are bereaved of older children.
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Evans, Jonathan J. "Neuropsychological mechanisms of very long term memory loss : a cognitive neuropsychological case study approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392639.
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Aslan, Ozlem. "Predicting Long Term Strength Of Roller Compacted Concrete Containing Natural Pozzolan By Steam Curing." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607727/index.pdf.
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Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is new technology gaining popularity in the recent years due to its low cost, rapid construction, and using opportunity of by-products. RCC is widely used in the world. However, the use of RCC has been restricted to construction of few cofferdams, and limited to local use in dam construction up to date.
In this thesis, two types of cement, two types of natural pozzolan, aggregates with varying gradations, and a type of water reducing chemical admixture were used. Prior to carrying out the tests, the chemical and physical properties of materials were determined. Additionally, steam curing was applied to the test specimens in order to get long term compressive strength at early ages. Differences between steam cured specimens and normal cured specimens have been discussed in the discussion part.
In the study, the results indicate that usage of water reducing chemical admixture improves compressive strength of RCC. Moreover, it is revealed that usage of fine material is essential to obtain desired results since the amount of cementitious materials is considerably low in RCC. Steam curing is known as its property of providing long term compressive strength at early ages. It was observed that application of steam curing in CEM I type cement used RCC mixtures generated expected results. However, in CEM IV type cement used RCC mixtures compressive strength results did not behave in the same manner.
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Kotrappa, Neel. "The Efficacy of Long-Term Kinesio Tape on Grip Strength in a Healthy Population." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/976.
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Kinesio® Tape was invented in 1973, and since has been used in various clinical and therapy settings to prevent and heal a multitude of physical conditions. Kinesio® Tape is a 100% cotton-based elastic tape that when applied to the skin pulls the skin upwards and creates more space by lifting the fascia and soft tissue, thus increasing blood flow and decreasing edema. The tape was also purported to facilitate the strengthening of weakened muscles through neuromuscular facilitation. The objective behind this study was to determine the long-term effects of applied forearm Kinesio® Tape on maximal grip strength when paired with an exercise program. The study took place at the CMS Athletic Training Center, and was designed to be a matched-pairs, single group, repeated measures experiment. Thirty- two healthy members of the Claremont College community voluntarily participated in this study. There was 16 male and 16 female participants (average age: 21.46 ± 1.76 years; average height 174.92 ± 9.40 cm; average body weight 69.17 ± 9.20 kg). The maximal grip strength of both the dominant and non-dominant hands was measured using a JAMAR Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. Each of the 32 subjects also participated in an exercise program for two weeks and provided a grip strength measurement at the end of each week. Maximal grip strength values were assessed using a standard paired-samples t-test. Results revealed a significant difference in grip strength in the dominant arm (exercise with Kinesio® Tape) compared to the non-dominant arm (exercise only). When combined with a relatively low to medium level exercise program, Kinesio® Tape significantly increased grip strength when compared to an exercise program alone in a healthy population.
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Dahiya, Ankuj. "Long-Term Monitoring and Evaluation of the Varina-Enon Bridge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102891.
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To make sound decisions about the remaining life of a structure, the precise calculation of
the prestress losses is very important. In post-tensioned structures, the prestress losses due to creep
and shrinkage can cause serviceability issues and can reduce flexural capacity.
The Varina-Enon Bridge is a cable-stayed, precast, segmental, post-tensioned box girder
bridge located in Richmond, Virginia. Observation of flexural cracks in the bridge by inspectors
promoted a study regarding long-term prestress losses in the structure. For understanding and
sustaining the structure throughout its remaining service life, accurately quantifying prestress losses
is important.
Two approaches are used to predict long-term prestress losses on the Varina-Enon Bridge.
The first approach involves a finite element computer model of the bridge which run a timedependent
staged-construction analysis to obtain predicted prestress losses using the CEB-FIP '90
code expressions for creep and shrinkage. The second approach involves the compilation of data
from instrumentation mounted in the bridge to back calculate the effective prestress force.
The analysis using the computer model predicted the prestress losses as 44.6 ksi in Span 5,
47.9 ksi in Span 6, 45.3 ksi in Span 9, and 45.9 ksi in Span 11. The prestress losses estimated from
field data were 50.0 ksi in Span 5, 48.0 ksi in Span 6, 46.7 ksi in Span 9, and 49.1 ksi in Span 11.
It can be seen that relative to the results of field data estimations, the finite element analyses
underestimated prestress loss, but given the degree of uncertainty in each form of estimation, the
results are considered to fit well.Master of Science
In order to apply a precompression force to concrete structures, post-tensioned concrete employs stressed steel strands. To construct lighter, stiffer structures, this popular building technology can be used. The steel strands undergo a reduction in force known as prestress losses over time. To make good decisions about the remaining life of a structure, the precise calculation of the prestress losses is very important. The Varina-Enon Bridge is a post-tensioned concrete box-girder bridge in Richmond Virginia. In July of 2012, observation of flexural cracks in the bridge by the inspectors promoted a study regarding long-term prestress losses in the structure. Two techniques are used to predict long-term prestress losses for this bridge. A computer model of the bridge is used in the first method to calculate losses using the design code. In order to measure prestress losses, the second technique used data from sensors mounted on the bridge. It was found that the estimation of losses closely matched those predicted at the time of the bridge construction and the computer model results. Based on this the final conclusion is made that the prestress loss in the Varina-Enon Bridge is not significantly more than expected.
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Herring, Louisa Y. "Physical activity for optimising and sustaining long-term bariatric surgery outcomes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20842.
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Obesity levels are increasing worldwide, and in the United Kingdom the prevalence of overweight and obesity is amongst the highest in the developed world. Obesity is associated with reduced physical function and health-related quality of life, as well as an increased risk of co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. As a result of high levels of morbid obesity and a failure of conventional methods of weight loss, more people are resorting to invasive weight loss techniques such as bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery combined with lifestyle modification is currently the most successful weight loss intervention for the treatment of obesity and its associated co-morbidities. However, weight regain is becoming more apparent, generally occurring between 12 and 24 months after surgery. Weight regain is generally attributed to the failure of individuals to adopt or maintain the necessary lifestyle changes. The most common factors leading to weight regain after bariatric surgery are insufficient exercise and returning to pre-operative eating behaviours. Increasing physical activity after surgery positively affects weight loss and physical function outcomes; therefore, adopting an active lifestyle is fundamental. This thesis combines three research studies which collectively provide evidence for understanding the importance of physical activity for optimising physical function and facilitating the prevention of weight regain. Study one is a systematic review and meta-analysis which assessed pre to post-operative changes in physical activity behaviour and physical function outcomes among obese adults receiving bariatric surgery. This demonstrates improvements in objective and self-reported activity and function by 12 months. Study two is an analysis of body mass, co-morbidity and physical function data from pre to post bariatric surgery. This retrospective NHS dataset analysis aimed to identify if and when weight regain occurs, the proportion of co-morbidity resolution, and physical function patterns in patients after bariatric surgery. Weight loss patterns indicate weight stability from 12 to 24 months and weight regain 24 months post-surgery. Study three is a randomised controlled trial, The MOTION Study, which examined the effect of a 12 week exercise intervention on physical function and body composition in patients 12-24 months post bariatric surgery. This trial also examined maintenance of effects at six months. Findings suggest that implementing exercise at the point of weight regain is effective, notably for improving physical function and body composition in this population. This thesis therefore contributes to advancing the understanding of the role of physical activity in enhancing long-term outcomes after bariatric surgery and to informing future post-operative bariatric care.
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Jumbe, S. E. "Life after weight loss surgery : long term accounts of patients and their health care professionals." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/29883/.
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Background: Little is known about the psychological effects on life after weight loss surgery. Results from the systematic review above showed some persisting disordered psychosocial quality of life and wellbeing in longer term follow up periods in participants after the procedure when compared to control groups. This highlighted potential need for psychological intervention post-surgery and further research to provide more data on long term psychosocial impact of weight loss surgery. Even clearer was the lack of patient perspective on their experience and needs after having the surgery. Generating qualitative post-surgery data is vital as it gives health professionals detailed information on whether patients feel psychological care is needed after surgical obesity treatment and, if so, specifically what kind of care. Therefore the study aims were; 1) to explore patients’ experiences of life after weight loss surgery, discussing perceived benefits and limitations of the procedure, and realisation of patients’ expectations AND 2) triangulate patients’ experiences with the views of health professionals involved in surgery and ongoing care to examine concordance between the cohorts. Methods: Ten individuals who had had weight loss surgery between 2 to 6 years ago and eight health professionals were recruited within an NHS bariatric surgery service through purposeful sampling and individually interviewed by the researcher. The semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Patients reported drastic weight loss and improvements in a range of co-morbidities in the first year that coincided with better psychological and social function. However long term experiential narratives revealed a need for psychological aftercare to support patients through physical and psychological changes. Specifically, issues of excess skin, acceptance of non-obese self and perceived prejudice following drastic weight loss were highlighted. Discussion: Overall it would seem that weight loss surgery is a great catalyst for weight loss in those suffering from severe obesity. However, this tool needs to go hand in hand with psychological support post-surgery to aid long term optimal results. In relation to health psychology, suggestions for theoretical application and health interventions to facilitate patients through postoperative adjustments after surgery are outlined as well as recommendations for better service provision.
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Layne, Andrew S., W. Guy Hornsby, D. E. Corriher, H. B. Nowell, Margaret E. Stone, Michael W. Ramsey, and Michael H. Stone. "Long Term Athlete Monitoring: Changes in Isometric Strength and Explosiveness in Division I NCAA Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4109.
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Pentland, Wendy E. "Upper extremity function in long term paraplegia and implications for independence." Curtin University of Technology, School of Physiotherapy, 1992. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15684.
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The intent of this study was to describe the effects of long term paraplegia and wheelchair use on upper limb function. Bilateral upper extremity isokinetic and grip strength, pain, and active range of motion were compared in 52 men with paraplegia (mean age 44 years: mean duration of spinal cord injury (SCI) 17 years) and 52 age and activity-level matched able-bodied men. The impact of upper limb pain on activities of daily living (ADL) performance was examined in the paraplegic sample. Strength was not significantly different between the two samples except for bilateral shoulder flexion (able-bodied stronger) and bilateral elbow extension (paraplegia stronger). Strength changed similarly with age in the two groups. The effect of duration of SCI on strength, excluding age, was significant for grip strength only. Duration of paraplegia and activity-level were better predictors of strength than age in 9 of 14 muscle groups, whereas in the able-bodied, age was the best strength predictor. Limited bilateral shoulder internal rotation and non-dominant external rotation were associated with paraplegia. Upper limb pain in the past week was associated with paraplegia (shoulder p<.001; elbow p<.00l; wrist/hand p<.00l). Reported pain prevalences for the paraplegic sample were: shoulder 39%, elbow 31%, wrist/hand 40%. The paraplegic subjects' pain intensity ratings revealed them to be experiencing mild to moderate levels of upper limb pain. Shoulder pain was associated with duration of injury, exclusive of age (p<.05). Measurement of the impact of upper limb pain On 18 activities of daily living (ADL) tasks revealed pain to be experienced by the majority of subjects with paraplegia (mobility tasks 60%; self-care tasks 5 8 % ; general activities tasks 60%). However, only 23-35% had made changes in their routines, and 6-16% had sought assistance with ADL due to upper limb pain. ++When age was excluded, it appeared that duration of SCI was more associated with pain during ADL, but this was significant only for pain during self-care tasks. The tasks most reported to cause upper limb pain were work/school, sleep, wheelchair transfers, outdoor wheeling, and driving. These results suggest that preventative and management steps are required to ensure continued independence and quality of life in this group over time. The effect of duration of SCI suggests that limitations in upper limb function may be seen in this population at relatively young ages.
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Waldron, Christopher Joseph. "Investigation of Long-Term Prestress Losses in Pretensioned High Performance Concrete Girders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29672.
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Effective determination of long-term prestress losses is important in the design of prestressed concrete bridges. Over-predicting prestress losses results in an overly conservative design for service load stresses, and under-predicting prestress losses, can result in cracking at service loads. Creep and shrinkage produce the most significant time-dependent effect on prestress losses, and research has shown that high performance and high strength concretes (HPC and HSC) exhibit less creep and shrinkage than conventional concrete. For this reason, the majority of traditional creep and shrinkage models and methods for estimating prestress losses, over-predict the prestress losses of HPC and HSC girders.
Nine HPC girders, with design compressive strengths ranging from 8,000 psi to 10,000 psi, and three 8,000 psi lightweight HPC (HPLWC) girders were instrumented to determine the changes in strain and prestress losses. Several creep and shrinkage models were used to model the instrumented girders. For the HPLWC, each model over-predicted the long-term strains, and the Shams and Kahn model was the best predictor of the measured strains. For the normal weight HPC, the models under-estimated the measured strains at early ages and over-estimated the measured strains at later ages, and the B3 model was the best-predictor of the measured strains. The PCI-BDM model was the most consistent model across all of the instrumented girders.
Several methods for estimating prestress losses were also investigated. The methods correlated to high strength concrete, the PCI-BDM and NCHRP 496 methods, predicted the total losses more accurately than the methods provided in the AASHTO Specifications. The newer methods over-predicted the total losses of the HPLWC girders by no more than 8 ksi, and although they under-predicted the total losses of the normal weight HPC girders, they did so by less than 5 ksi.Ph. D.
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Qamar, Muhammad Mustafa. "Long-term strength training reverses the effects of aging on skeletal muscle of health elderly men." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27486.
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Introduction: Aging is related to a gradual decline in skeletal muscle mass, which is associated with morphological modifications such as reduced muscle fiber cross-sectional area and satellite cell content. Data also suggest that a short-term strength training period can be an effective instrument to rejuvenate these morphological parameters and to restore muscle mass. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of one year progressive strength training on fiber type-specific morphological parameters (fiber type composition, fiber area, satellite cell content, myonuclear number and domain) in skeletal muscle of elderly men. Methods: Thirteen healthy elderly men (age range, 66-77 years) were randomly assigned into training (T) (n=7) and control (C) (n=6) groups. 52 weeks of progressive strength training was performed. Before and after the training, muscles biopsies were collected from the middle part of the vastus lateralis by percutaneous needle biopsy technique. Muscle biopsies were examined for muscle fiber type composition, fiber type-specific hypertrophy and alterations in satellite cell content, myonuclear content and domain using immuno-histochemistry. Results: At baseline, myonuclear content and mean fiber area was larger in type I fibers compared to type II fibers (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in fiber type composition, mean fiber area, satellite cell content and myonuclear domain between T and C groups at baseline. By the end of the training period, fiber area was increased by 59% (p<0.05) in type I and 71% (p<0.05) in type II. Satellite cell content, myonuclear content and myonuclear domain were increased after training in type I by 58% (p<0.05), 33% (p<0.05), and 20% (p<0.05), respectively. Similar increases in satellite cell content (+65%; p <0.05), myonuclear content (+36%; p <0.05) and myonuclear domain (+25%; p<0.05) were seen in type II fibers. Conclusion: The current study reported that long-term strength training is an excellent tool to prevent sarcopenia. It is demonstrated that skeletal muscle in elderly is capable to enhance satellite cell and myonuclear content, which contributed to muscle hypertrophy.presentation was made in august 2012 and thesis is approved and got result as well in november 2012
For an enhanced reading experience go to a later version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-31017.
This study was a part of a larger research project studying adaptations to strength, endurance and combined training
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Turnbull, Frances L. "Childhood bereavement and its long-term sequelae: a phenomenological investigation of adjustment to early parent death." Thesis, Boston University, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37172.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This phenomenological study has elicited the remembered mourning reactions of twenty-four men and women who were bereaved of one or both parents between the ages of seven and seventeen. Qualitative methods and a retrospective design were used to explore how subjects grieved, avoided the mourning process, and in ways more or less adaptive, endeavored to master their loss. The major objectives have been to identify some of the shared reactions of this group to premature parent death, and to illuminate their experience of being in the world subsequent to this loss. The study has further explored how parent loss was experienced when bereavement occurred at certain developmental stages (latency or adolescence) , or as a result of particular circumstances (suicide, sudden or anticipated death). The loss experience was remembered as a constellation of changes which both preceded and followed from the parent's actual death. In retrospect, the death was described as a nucleus or formative event around which later developments had been organized. The loss had usually been interpreted by subjects, and the meaning that was made emerged as a deeply personal, idiosyncratic formulation. Parent loss resulted for all in some alteration of their sense of self, in a loss of innocence, and an end of childhood. Particular circumstances had seemingly imposed some special strain or trauma; when the parent's death occurred at a younger age, as a result of prolonged illness, sudden accident or suicide, these deaths appeared to have been more difficult for subjects to resolve than those which resulted at a later age, or from natural causes. Gender differences were also noted: father-bereaved subjects (male and female) were more likely to feel overburdened or engulfed by their widowed parent than were their mother-bereaved counterparts. The phenomenon of early parent loss was described as a complex and multi-faceted event, the understanding and treatment of which may be enhanced by using a variety of theoretical perspectives. Treatment objectives should include helping the bereaved to resume and advance their mourning process and to further those developmental tasks which were not accomplished before the parent's death.
2031-01-01
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Gervais, Olivier. "Effects of Long-Term Selection for Non-Destructive Deformation in White Leghorns." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217200.
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Biessy, Guillaume. "Semi-Markov modeling of the loss of autonomy among elderly people : application to long-term care insurance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE048/document.
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Défi majeur aux sociétés modernes, la perte d’autonomie chez les personnes âgées, connue également sous le nom de dépendance se définit comme un état d’incapacité à effectuer seul tout ou partie des Actes de la Vie Quotidienne (AVQ). Elle apparaît dans la grande majorité des cas sous l’effet des pathologies chroniques liées au vieillissement. Devant les coûts importants liés à cet état, les assureurs privés ont développé une offre destinée à compléter l’aide publique. Pour quantifier le risque, un modèle multi-états est utilisé et se pose alors la question de l’estimation des probabilités de transition entre les états (l’autonomie, le décès ainsi qu’un ou plusieurs niveaux de dépendance). Sous l’hypothèse de Markov, ces dernières dépendent uniquement de l’état actuel, une hypothèse trop restrictive pour rendre compte de la complexité du processus de dépendance. Dans le cadre semi-markovien plus général, ces probabilités dépendent également du temps passé dans l’état actuel. Au cours de cette thèse, nous étudions la nécessité d’une modélisation semi-markovienne du processus. Nous mettons en évidence l’impact du temps passé en dépendance sur les probabilités de décès. Nous montrons par ailleurs que la prise en compte de la diversité induite par les pathologies permet d’améliorer sensiblement l’adéquation du modèle proposé aux données étudiées. Plus encore, nous établissons que la forme particulière de la probabilité de décès en fonction du temps passé en dépendance peut être expliquée par le mélange des groupes de pathologies qui constituent la population des individus dépendantsA sizable challenge to modern societies, Long-Term Care (LTC) in elderly people may be defined as a state of incapacity to perform autonomously part of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL). In most cases, long-term care is caused by pathologies linked to aging. To cope with the sizeable costs linked to this state, private insurers have developed products in top of the public aid. To quantify the long-term care risk, multi-state models are used for which transition probabilities betweenstates (autononomy, death and one to several levels of LTC) need to be inferred. Under the Markov assumption, those probabilities only depend on the current state, this assumption being too restrictive in regards of the complexity of the underlying risk. In a semi-Markov framework, those probabilities also depends on the time spent in the current state. In this thesis, we emphasis the need for the semi-Markov modeling. We demonstrate the impact of time spent in LTC on death probabilities. Besides, we exhibit that taking into account the diversity induced by pathologies leads to sizable improvementsin the fit of the model to experience data. Furthermore, we highlight that the peculiar shape taken by death probabilities as a function of time spent in LTC may be explained by the mixture of pathology groups among the disabled population
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Martin-Fernandez, Katy W. "Examining the Utility of the MMPI-2-RF in Predicting Long-Term Bariatric Surgery Outcomes." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent162557167935742.
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Lee, Won-Jun. "Relationship between lower body strength and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with long-term exercise training." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177979.
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The purpose of this study was (1) to compare the lower body strength, power, and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur in a group of trained postmenopausal women who have been in low intensity exercise program for a long time with age-matched sedentary controls, and (2) to evaluate the magnitude of the correlation between muscle function and site-specific BMD in these postmenopausal women. Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 17) between the age of 60 and 80 were divided into two groups: 9 exercisers (mean ± SE, 74.8 ± 3.2 years) who had been in an exercise training program for at least 5 years and 8 control (mean ± SE, 71.6 ± 3.4 years) who had not been in any exercise program for at least 5 years. The exercise group performed three one hour sessions a week of aerobic and resistance training for an average of 9.9 years. The exercise training consisted of 30 minutes walking and one or two sets of twelve to fifteen repetitions focused on large muscle groups. The BMD of the proximal femoral region was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). By using a Cybex Leg Press machine, 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) tests were performed for lower body strength and power of lower body were obtained by a seated chair rise. Statistical analysis demonstrated no statistical differences between the left and right region of the femur BMD for either group, with the averaged BMD being 0.858 g/cm2 for the controls and 0.853 g/cm2 for the exercisers. The trochanter BMD for the exercisers were 7 % (left) and 6 % (right) higher than the controls although these values were not statistically significant. The 1RM leg press strength ranged from 29.5 to 47.6 kg (mean ± SE, 40.21 ± 2.62 kg) in controls and from 31.8 to 61.2 kg (mean ± SE, 45.93 ± 3.72 kg) in exercisers. Although the exerciser group lifted 14.2 % more weight than the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. The results of power test ranged from 14.59 to 31.21 kg • m/sec (mean ± SE, 22.94 ± 5.67 kg • m/sec) in controls and from 13.63 to 38.60 (mean ± SE, 28.88 ± 6.81 kg • m/sec). The power did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, it is noted that between group differences approached significance at p < 0.07. Correlations between body composition and femoral neck BMD were also determined. Neither weight, nor BMI was significantly correlated with femoral neck BMD in the exercise and control group. Lower body strength and power did not correlate with the BMD of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, or trochanter in either group. Although the BMD of the proximal femoral region did not differ between two groups the higher mean age (+ 3.2 years) of the exercise group suggested that a low intensity exercise training program can increase power and strength and maintain BMD in postmenopausal women. However, the low intensity of resistance training program utilized by the exercise group was no more effective in maintaining BMD than an active lifestyle.School of Physical Education
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Oldham, R. H. "The influence of water on long-term strength properties of coal measures rocks associated with mining excavations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355420.
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Damiani, Thomas Miles. "A model to predict the long-term strength of e-glass fiber composites subjected to environmental exposure." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1517.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 86 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).
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Mitsui, Yuta. "Study on relationships between frictional strength and long-term fault behavior including evolution of pore fluid pressure." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135410.
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Puhke, Raivo. "Adaptive changes of myosin isoforms in response to long-term strength training in skeletal muscle of middle-aged persons /." Online version, 2006. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/1129/5/puhkeraivo.pdf.
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Tolbert, Shannon Marie. "Enhancing weight gain in long-term care residents at risk for weight loss through protein and calorie fortification." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0329104-095404/unrestricted/TolbertS041204f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0329104-095404. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Van, Cutsem Gilles. "Late mortality, loss to follow-up, and associated factors in adults on long term antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10999.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-72).
The objectives of the study is to estimate baseline characteristics, survival, and factors associated with mortality and losses to follow-up in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and compare the periods before (early) and after (late) 3 months on treatment.
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Daftary, Ameet Shirish. "Effect of Long Term Steroids on Cough Efficiency and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1170363103.
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Alrowili, Mohammed F. H. "Capacity Enhancement Approaches for Long Term Evolution networks: Capacity Enhancement-Inspired Self-Organized Networking to Enhance Capacity and Fairness of Traffic in Long Term Evolution Networks by Utilising Dynamic Mobile Base-Stations." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17322.
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The long-term evolution (LTE) network has been proposed to provide better network capacity than the earlier 3G network. Driven by the market, the conventional LTE (3G) network standard could not achieve the expectations of the international mobile telecommunications advanced (IMT-Advanced) standard. To satisfy this gap, the LTE-Advanced was introduced with additional network functionalities to meet up with the IMT-Advanced Standard. In addition, due to the need to minimize operational expenditure (OPEX) and reduce human interventions, the wireless cellular networks are required to be self-aware, self-reconfigurable, self-adaptive and smart. An example of such network involves transceiver base stations (BTSs) within a self-organizing network (SON).
Besides these great breakthroughs, the conventional LTE and LTE-Advanced networks have not been designed with the intelligence of scalable capacity output especially in sudden demographic changes, namely during events of football, malls, worship centres or during religious and cultural festivals. Since most of these events cannot be predicted, modern cellular networks must be scalable in terms of capacity and coverage in such unpredictable demographic surge. Thus, the use of dynamic BTSs is proposed to be used in modern and future cellular networks for crowd and demographic change managements.
Dynamic BTSs are complements of the capability of SONs to search, determine and deploy less crowded/idle BTSs to densely crowded cells for scalable capacity management. The mobile BTSs will discover areas of dark coverages and fill-up the gap in terms of providing cellular services. The proposed network relieves the LTE network from overloading thus reducing packet loss, delay and improves fair load sharing.
In order to trail the best (least) path, a bio-inspired optimization algorithm based on swarm-particle optimization is proposed over the dynamic BTS network. It uses the ant-colony optimization algorithm (ACOA) to find the least path. A comparison between an optimized path and the un-optimized path showed huge gain in terms of delay, fair load sharing and the percentage of packet loss.
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Reilly, Melissa. "The Lived Experience of Grief After the Death of a Long-Term Companion Animal." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1527018092359502.
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Li, Y. "Resource allocation for coordinated multipoint joint transmission system and received signal strength based positioning in long term evolution network." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3009494/.
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The Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) system are expected to provide high speed and high quality services, which are supported by emerging technologies such as Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) transmission and reception. Dynamic resource allocation plays a vital role in LTE-A design and planning, which is investigated in this thesis. In addition, Received Signal Strength (RSS) based positioning is also investigated in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless networks, which is based on an industry project. In the first contribution, a physical resource blocks (PRB) allocation scheme with fuzzy logic based user selection is proposed. This work considers three parameters and exploit a fuzzy logic (FL) based criterion to categorize users. As a result, it enhances accuracy of user classification. This work improves system capacity by a ranking based PRBs allocation schemes. Simulation results show that proposed fuzzy logic based user selection scheme improves performance for CoMP users. Proposed ranking based greedy allocation algorithm cut complexity in half but maintain same performance. In the second contribution, a two-layer proportional-fair (PF) user scheduling scheme is proposed. This work focused on fairness between CoMP and Non-CoMP users instead of balancing fairness in each user categories. Proposed scheme jointly optimizes fairness and system capacity over both CoMP and Non-CoMP users. Simulation results show that proposed algorithm significantly improves fairness between CoMP and Non-CoMP users. In the last contribution, RSS measurement method in LTE system is analyzed and a realizable RSS measurement method is proposed to fight against multipath effect. Simulation results shows that proposed method significantly reduced measurement error caused by multipath. In RSS based positioning area, this is the first work that consider exploiting LTE’s own signal strength measurement mechanism to enhance accuracy of positioning. Furthermore, the proposed method can be deployed in modern LTE system with limited cost.
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Altunsoz, Omur Serdal. "Determine The Effects Of Long Term Playing Soccer On The Degeneration Of Lumbar Spine." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607487/index.pdf.
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The main purpose of this study was to determine whether playing soccer at high
intensity training for a long period causes degeneration of the lumbar spine or not.
This degeneration may occur without any symptoms or low back pain. Results of the
present study were discussed in the framework of lumbar disc degeneration, trunk
strength, lumbar and hip bone mineral density, trunk flexibility, activity MET scores
for active and veteran soccer groups. There have been four subject groups in this
study (15 active soccer players, 15 sedentary participants, 14 veteran soccer players,
13 sedentary participants). The BMD was measured in anterior-posterior view with a
second-generation dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) device. Isokinetic
trunk strength data were recorded with the Biodex System Dynamometer (Biobex
Medical Inc, Shirly, NY) at the 60º/sec and 120º
/sec. Plain lateral radiographs were taken. The presence of degenerative changes of each lumbar vertebra was determined by using the Kellgren and Lowrence Score. A modified Schober test was used to measure lumbar flexion. Findings of the study demonstrated that veteran soccer players displayed greater lumbar disc degeneration than other groups. Moreover, v active soccer group had more BMD than other groups, but the veteran group&
#8217
s BMD results were not different while comparing the control participants. Isokinetic test findings of the current study, trunk extension strength at 60/sec was significantly higher in active 1st group players than 2nd group participants, but there were no significant differences between the 1st group and 2nd group in terms of trunk flexion strength and agonist/antagonist ratio at 60/sec. In conclusion, Findings of the study support the main hypothesis that playing soccer at high intensity training at a long period of time may cause lumbar spine degeneration. Degeneration may occur without low back symptoms. Moreover, results supported the idea that Soccer can be accepted an impact loading sport that are to keep or accelerate bone mineral density. At last, having abnormal trunk extension strength while playing actively may cause lumbar disc degeneration on the spine at later years. A similar study should be carried out with a larger number of subjects, and longitudinal studies should be designed to examine the factors that effect the degeneration on the lumbar spine.
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Kavanaugh, Ashley A. "Longitudinal Changes in Strength and Explosive Performance Characteristics in NCAA Division I Women’s Volleyball Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2315.
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The purpose of this dissertation was to determine if a periodized strength and conditioning program resulted in long-term adaptations in NCAA Division I women’s volleyball athletes, and if these changes related to the team’s competitive performance. Specifically, this dissertation serves to: 1.) describe the changes in body composition and performance variables of 2 female volleyball athletes over a 4-year collegiate career, 2.) determine the degree and magnitude of change in performance variables after about 1, 2, and 3 years of periodized resistance training, and 3.) infer if volleyball performance characteristics are related to a team’s competitive success. The following are major findings of this dissertation. 1.) Positive changes in vertical jump height, strength, and explosiveness may be possible throughout 4 years of collegiate volleyball training even with increased body mass and percent body fat. Moreover, impaired ability to perform heavy lower-body resistance training exercises due to chronic injury negatively impacts long-term physical performance adaptations over 4 years. 2.) A combination of traditional resistance training exercises and weightlifting variations at various loads, in addition to volleyball practice, appear to be effective at increasing maximal strength by 44% and vertical jump height by 20%-30% in NCAA Division I women’s volleyball athletes after about two and half years of training. Furthermore, these characteristics can be improved in the absence of additional plyometric training outside of normal volleyball-specific practice. 3.) A rating percentage index RPI ranking ratio and unweighted match score ratio appear to be better predictors of overall team competitive season success than a weighted match score ratio. On the contrary, a weighted match score ratio may be better for determining an association between team match performance and volleyball-specific fitness. A considerable amount of research is needed to develop a volleyball-specific performance index that best quantifies team performance and whether or not a measurable association exists between improved fitness characteristics and increased overall team competitive success. The findings of this dissertation provide evidence that analyzing and monitoring volleyball-related performance variables over time can assist the sport performance group in making training based decisions as well as promote the successful development of an athlete.
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Esposito, Alessandro. "Creep deflection of low-strength reinforced concrete flexural members strengthened with carbon fiber composite sheets." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10340/.
Full textAbstract:
The low-strength concrete is defined as a concrete where the compressive cubic strength is less than 15 MPa. Since the beginning of the last century, many low-strength concrete buildings and bridges have been built all over the world. Being short of deeper study, composite sheets are prohibited in strengthening of low-strength reinforced concrete members (CECS 146; ACI 440). Moreover, there are few relevant information about the long-term behavior and durability of strengthened RC members.
This fact undoubtedly limits the use of the composite materials in the strengthening applications, therefore, it is necessary to study the behaviours of low-strength concrete elements strengthened with composite materials (FRP) for the preservation of historic constructions and innovation in the strengthening technology.
Deformability is one of criteria in the design of concrete structures, and this for functionality, durability and aesthetics reasons. Civil engineer possibly encounters more deflection problems in the structural design than any other type of problem. Many materials common in structural engineering such as wood, concrete and composite materials, suffer creep; if the creep phenomenon is taken into account, checks for serviceability limit state criteria can become onerous, because the creep deformation in these materials is in the same order of magnitude as the elastic deformation.
The thesis presents the results of an experimental study on the long-term behavior of low-strength reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber composite sheets (CFRP). The work has investigated the accuracy of the long-term deflection predictions made by some analytical procedures existing in literature, as well as by the most widely used design codes (Eurocode 2, ACI-318, ACI-435).
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Brodsky, Rachel Amanda. "Effective Prestress Evaluation of the Varina-Enon Bridge Using a Long-Term Monitoring System and Finite Element Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99398.
Full textAbstract:
The Varina-Enon Bridge is a cable-stayed, precast, segmental, post-tensioned box girder bridge located in Richmond, Virginia. Inspectors noticed flexural cracking in July of 2012 that prompted concerns regarding long-term prestress losses in the structure. Prestress losses could impact the future performance, serviceability, and flexural strength of the bridge. Accurately quantifying prestress losses is critical for understanding and maintaining the structure during its remaining service life.
Long-term prestress losses are estimated in the Varina-Enon Bridge using two methods. The first utilizes a time-dependent staged-construction analysis in a finite element model of the full structure to obtain predicted prestress losses using the CEB-FIP '90 code expressions for creep and shrinkage. The second method involves collecting data from instrumentation installed in the bridge that is used to back-calculate the effective prestress force.
The prestress losses predicted by the finite element model were 44.9 ksi in Span 5, 47.8 ksi in Span 6, and 45.3 ksi in Span 9. The prestress losses estimated from field data were 50.0 ksi in Span 5, 48.0 ksi in Span 6, and 46.7 ksi in Span 9. The field data estimates were consistently greater than the finite element model predictions, but the discrepancies are relatively small. Therefore, the methods used to estimate the effective prestress from field data are validated. In addition, long-term prestress losses in the Varina-Enon Bridge are not significantly greater than expected.Master of Science
Post-tensioned concrete uses stressed steel strands to apply a precompression force to concrete structures. This popular building technology can be used to create lighter, stiffer structures. Over time, the steel strands experience a reduction in force known as prestress losses. Accurately quantifying prestress losses is critical for understanding and maintaining a structure during its remaining service life. The Varina-Enon Bridge is a cable-stayed, prestressed box girder bridge located in Richmond, Virginia. Inspectors noticed cracking in July of 2012 that prompted concerns regarding long-term prestress losses in the structure. Prestress losses were estimated using two methods. The first method utilized a computer model of the full bridge. The second method used data from sensors installed on the bridge to back calculate prestress losses. It was found that the prestress losses estimated from field data were slightly greater than, but closely aligned with, the computer model results. Therefore, it was concluded that the Varina-Enon Bridge has not experienced significantly more prestress losses than expected.
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Stenton, Janice, and n/a. "The Long Term Effects of the Fluctuating, Conductive Hearing Loss Caused by Otitis Media with Effusion on Learning and Behaviour for Adolescent Students." Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040319.142844.
Full textAbstract:
Children frequently experience fluctuating conductive hearing loss during and following episodes of otitis media with effusion. With the prevalence of the disease increasing in the non-Aboriginal population in Australia, many children may be at risk of long-term learning and behavioural problems. There are conflicting findings in the research literature regarding the effects of this type of hearing loss. Although it is expected that the insertion of tympanostomy tubes (grommets) will reduce the duration and prevalence of both the disease and the conductive hearing loss, this does not always happen. For some primary school aged children it appears that experience with otitis media with effusion with or without grommet insertion is associated with various education problems including poor academic achievement and inappropriate behaviour. A current concern is whether or not these possible effects would continue to influence the learning and behaviour of children as they continue into their high school years. A review of the literature suggests that multiple factors including interrelationships between experience of otitis media with effusion, family and childcare environments may be involved in explaining why some students do not achieve as expected at school (Roberts et al., 2000). The literature further suggests there may be a cumulative effect in these factors, which introduces both quantitative and qualitative aspects to the discussion. A study was undertaken to identify the impact of otitis media with effusion and its associated sequelae on the learning and behaviour of high school students. Information from parents of high school students in Years 8 and 9 was used to identify students for inclusion in the study and to provide information on their medical and educational history as well as the parents' perceptions of various aspects of the students' learning and behaviour (including social skills). Three groups were formed: a Non-OME/Non-Grommet Group (n = 28), an OME/Grommet Group (n = 17) and an OME/Non-Grommet Group (n = 32). The TORCH, WRAT 3 and the Test of Syntactic Abilities (Screening Test) were administered to the students who also provided their own perceptions of specific aspects of their own learning and behaviour on a survey form. Teachers' perceptions on these areas were also collected. School academic records as well as data from school behavioural records were used. Analysis of the results revealed a range of mild effects. These included poorer academic results particularly for girls with a history of grommets, who also exhibited a lack of confidence in their social skills. An increase in behaviour problems for boys with a history of the disease (with or without grommets) was also found. The study identifies a number of associated teaching and learning issues including noise levels in childcare environments and school classrooms, current teaching and learning methodology and the training of new teachers. It recommends a number of areas for future research including more in-depth questioning of parents regarding their awareness of hearing problems in their children, the use of more fine-grained measures to assess learning outcomes and the identification of possible gender differences associated with the disease and experiences with grommets.
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Butler, Tiffiny A. "THE EFFECTS OF POST PUBERTAL FOOD RESTRICTION ON BONE ARCHITECTURE, STRENGTH, AND MEDULLARY ADIPOSE COMPOSITION." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/244901.
Full textAbstract:
KinesiologyPh.D.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of post pubertal caloric restriction on bone architecture, strength, and medullary adipose quantity. A randomized control comparison design was utilized and the study was conducted in a laboratory setting. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Temple University (protocol number 3396). Female Sprague Dawley rats (23days-of-age, n=120) were randomly assigned into seven groups, baseline (BL) (n=18), control (C) (n=17), caloric restriction (FR) (n=17), control recovery (RC) (n=17), caloric restriction recovery (RFR) (n=17), control ovariectomy (COVX) (n=17) and food restricted ovariectomy (FROVX) (n=17). On day 65, a 6 week 30% caloric restriction protocol was administered. Following food restriction, a subset of the control and food restricted groups were sacrificed (n=34) and the remaining animals (n=68) control recovery (RC) and food restricted recovery (RFR) groups had a 10 week recovery with ad lib food. Recovery groups, RC and RFR: were sacrificed after the 10 week recovery period at 183 days of age (n=34). The remaining animals were ovariectomized (OVX) and grouped into control ovariectomy (COVX) and food restricted ovariectomy (FROVX). Six weeks post OVX the animals were sacrificed at 270 days of age. After sacrifice blood was taken by cardiac puncture, bones were harvested, cleaned of soft tissue, fixed and prepared for analysis. Anthropometric measurements were taken including retroperitineal and gonadal fat pad weights as well as adrenal glands, ovaries, uteri, and tricep surae muscle group weights. Main Outcome Measures: The outcome variables for this study were bone mechanical competence, trabecular and cortical bone mass and architecture, marrow adipocyte number as well as serum markers of bone formation and resorption. Insulin - like growth factor - 1 (IGF-1) and C- terminal telopeptide (CTX) was measured to determine bone formation and resorption. Statistical Analysis: One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine differences between all groups. Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc analysis was conducted to determine differences between groups. Student's t - tests were used to detect differences between age groups (acute, recovery, post-OVX) A p value was set at less than or equal to 0.05 for all statistical tests. All statistical analysis was performed using (GraphPad Prism version 5.00 for Windows, GraphPad Software, San Diego California USA). Variables were normalized with a linear regression-based correction using body weight. All variables with an R2 level greater than 0 were normalized to avoid choosing an arbitrary R2 value as a cut-off for normalization. Results: Body weight was 18% lower than control animals following caloric restriction. Weight loss was due to fat mass predominately; muscle mass was maintained relative to body weight. Bone length and growth rates were diminished however no differences were found following refeeding. No differences were found in bone strength at any time point. However relative to body weight peak moment and stiffness were significantly higher following caloric restriction. Cortical bones mass and cross sectional moment of inertia were enhanced in the femoral diaphysis with bone mass greater post OVX in the calorically restricted group (FR-OVX). No significant differences were found in ash percent in the femur was found between any groups at any time point however vertebral bone mineral density in acute FR and post OVX time points in FROVX was significantly greater indicating an enhanced bone quality in the restricted. No change in trabecular quantity or quality were observed in the distal femur between groups however vertebral trabecular architecture was enhanced in number and thickness in acute FR and post OVX time points in FROVX. No significant difference in number of marrow adipocytes were found at any time point. Serum CTX decreased significantly in acute in FR and increased at recovery in RFR and post OVX in FROVX. Serum IGF - 1 decreased in the acute FR with IGF - 1 significantly greater after recovery in RFR. Conclusions: Evidence was found to suggest that moderate caloric restriction (nutrient replete) post puberty was positive for bone. Bone quantity was increased with relative cortical area and bone area relative to body weight increased in the FR group. Significant increases in FROVX bone quantity post OVX suggests that bone mass gains during caloric restriction attenuated cortical bone loss at maturity post OVX. Bone quality increases in cross sectional moment of inertia relative to body weight may have accounted for the transient increase in FR bone strength in the femur. Decreases in acute CTX and IGF- 1 levels indicates that bone formation and resorption were decreased during development that may have been the mechanism for bone loss attenuated post OVX in calorically restricted. Growth rate slowing during caloric restriction may have decreased the rate of formation and resorption during a crucial time of peak bone mass accrual and bone modeling. This decrease in one modeling may have been mechanism that preserved bone quantity during acute caloric restriction. Increases in femur quality in polar moment of inertia coupled with a decrease in bone length changed the shape of the bone making it more robust. A shorter bone with a thicker cortex with no change in mineral content may have been the mechanism in the transient increase in bone strength in the femur. Quality changes in mineral density in vertebrae acting as a mineral storage back up as a last resort if quantity and quality changes were not sufficient in maintain bone strength. Moderate caloric restriction transiently increased strength, by increasing bone mass relative to body, altering bone geometry and increased vertebral mineral density.
Temple University--Theses