Books: 'Long-term persistence'

7

Adams, R. L. The Art of Persistence: The Simple Secrets to Long-Term Success. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013.

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8

Houssais, Sylviane, Lily Hechtman, and Rachel G. Klein. Long-Term Outcomes of Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190213589.003.0003.

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This chapter summarizes the long-term clinical and functional outcomes of children diagnosed with ADHD at a mean age of eight years (probands), followed prospectively for 33 years. Outcomes are summarized in adolescence, early adulthood, and mid-adulthood. Compared with matched controls, probands showed greater persistence of ADHD and greater prevalence of Conduct Disorder (CD), Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in late adolescence. These dysfunctions continued into early adulthood, even when ADHD remitted for the majority of the sample, and were associate

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9

Qin, Nan, and Ying Wang. Hedge Funds and Performance Persistence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607371.003.0026.

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Despite the exponential growth of global hedge fund assets since the 1990s, the high attrition rates in the industry have raised an important issue about hedge fund return persistence. This chapter discusses the various statistical methodologies in measuring performance persistence and provides a comprehensive review of the empirical literature on short- and long-term performance persistence. In particular, the literature suggests that fund strategies and characteristics are related to performance persistence. The chapter also discusses three important issues: return smoothing, the use of opti

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10

Swanson, James M., L. Eugene Arnold, Peter S. Jensen, Stephen P. Hinshaw, Lily T. Hechtman, William E. Pelham, Laurence L. Greenhill, et al. Long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment study of Children with ADHD (the MTA). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0034.

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This chapter describes the long-term outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment study of ADHD (MTA), which began in 1994 and ended in 2014. First, we provide a short history of the origin of the MTA. Second, we review the design as a 14-month randomized clinical trial and the transition to a long-term follow-up. Third, we present findings from 12 key publications describing outcomes in four stages of the MTA from childhood to adulthood. Fourth, we discuss how the final adult assessments of the MTA address critical issues about symptomatic persistence of ADHD, functional outcomes outside the parental

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11

Bevan, Andrew, and James Conolly. Mediterranean Islands, Fragile Communities and Persistent Landscapes: Antikythera in Long-Term Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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12

Bevan, Andrew, and James Conolly. Mediterranean Islands, Fragile Communities and Persistent Landscapes: Antikythera in Long-Term Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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13

Bevan, Andrew, and James Conolly. Mediterranean Islands, Fragile Communities and Persistent Landscapes: Antikythera in Long-Term Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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14

Jerven, Morten. Economic Growth. Edited by John Parker and Richard Reid. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572472.013.0022.

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The study of long-term growth in Africa has recently been invigorated by the work of economists. To date, this literature has been motivated by explaining a divergence of income and has focused on finding persistent factors that can explain a chronic failure of growth in Africa. This chapter reviews some periods of economic growth in the past two centuries, and suggests that there must be more to learn from studying these periods of economic change and accumulation, particularly because they were accompanied by significant changes in institutions, or how the economy and the society was organiz

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15

Burns, Tom, and Mike Firn. The role of medication. Edited by Tom Burns and Mike Firn. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754237.003.0007.

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This chapter focuses mainly on the importance of maintenance antipsychotic medication and mood stabilizers. It examines procedures to support persistence with these drugs and maintain engagement. The techniques for initiating and monitoring clozapine therapy in the community for patients with resistant schizophrenia are outlined. The practical processes for ensuring and conducting regular structured reviews of long-term medication, both to assess progress and to identify side effects, are described in detail. In addition, the judicious use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines is outlined.

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16

Bloch, Michael H. Natural History and Long-Term Outcome of OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0005.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often a chronic condition. Convergent evidence suggests that early-onset and adult-onset disease are importantly distinct: early-onset OCD is more highly genetic, has a male bias, and is more often associated with tic disorders and attention deficit disorder. Adult-onset OCD has an equal male–female ratio and is more often associated with anxiety and depression. Long-term follow-up studies from before institution of effective treatments suggest that a minority of individuals with adult-onset OCD remit, and many have persistent severe symptoms. There are f

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17

Latronico, Nicola, Simone Piva, and Victoria McCredie. Long-Term Implications of ICU-Acquired Muscle Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0024.

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Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) is a significant and common complication with major implications for survivors of critical illness. ICUAW is a clinical diagnosis made in the presence of generalized muscle weakness that occurs in the setting of critical illness when other causes of muscle weakness have been excluded. Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy are the most common causes of ICUAW. Short-term implications of ICUAW include alveolar hypoventilation and an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration, atelectasis, and pneumonia—factors which may contribute to acute respirat

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18

Tolle, Patrizia, and Herausgegeben Von Georg Feuser. Erwachsene Im Wachkoma: Ansatze Fur Eine Theoriegeleitete Und Empirisch Fundierte Pflege. Peter Lang Publishing, 2005.

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19

Mitchell, Olivia S., Robert Clark, and Raimond Maurer, eds. How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827443.001.0001.

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Funded pension systems around the world have long relied on relatively high and predictable long-term capital market returns. Yet these retirement systems confront a key challenge today, namely, how to deal with what appears to be persistently low returns on bonds and equities. For this reason, it will be prudent, and probably necessary, for insurers, plan sponsors, workers, retirees, and policymakers to take concrete steps to prepare for these lower long-term expected rates of return to retirement wealth. In fact, as we show in this volume, a persistent low-interest-rate economy will compel m

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20

Roy, Arunima, and Lily Hechtman. The Multimodal Treatment of Children with ADHD (MTA) Follow-up Study. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190213589.003.0008.

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The Multimodal Treatment of Children with ADHD (MTA) study was a 14-month randomized clinical trial with naturalistic follow-ups of participants (579 children with ADHD and 259 matched community controls) after treatment for a total of 16 years. Results from this study showed a superiority of multimodal treatment regimens for ADHD compared with the commonly available community care. Nevertheless, symptom and functioning improvements brought about by multimodal therapy lapsed after cessation of therapy. In short, the MTA study showed that ADHD is a chronic condition, requiring continuous, long-

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21

Carty, R. Kenneth. The Government Party. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858481.001.0001.

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The Government Party is an exploration of five of the democratic world’s most successful political parties that dominated the politics and governments of Canada, Ireland, India, Japan, and Italy for many decades of the twentieth century. Drawing on an analysis of their structure and organization, the book identifies a distinctive type and form of party – the “Government Party” – whose success is tightly bound up with the political regimes they are created to serve. The analysis reveals the competitive dynamics of the party systems these parties dominate, the very different patterns of leadersh

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22

Carrión, Victor G., John A. Turner, and Carl F. Weems. Memory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190201968.003.0002.

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One of the most prominent symptoms of PTSD is the persistence of troubling trauma-memories that appear resistant to extinction. To understand the key role that memory plays in the development of PTSD, the current chapter presents a review of theoretical models for memory encoding, processing, learning, and extinction. The preclinical literature that has informed our understanding of the toxic relationship between chronic elevation of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and memory is examined. Consideration of cognitive and neuroimaging studies on adults and children illustrates the long-te

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23

Pakes, Anna. Choreography Invisible. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199988211.001.0001.

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Focusing on Western theatre dance, Choreography Invisible explores the metaphysics of dances and choreographic works. It draws on a range of resources from analytic philosophy of art to develop the argument that dances are repeatable structures of action. The book also analyses the idea of the dance work in long-term historical perspective. Tracing different ways in which dances have been conceptualised across time, the book considers changing notions of authorship, fixity, persistence, and autonomy from the fifteenth century to the present day. The modern work-concept is interrogated, its rel

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24

Luc W. S. W. Amkreutz. Appendices : Persistent Traditions: A Long-Term Perspective on Communities in the Process of Neolithisation in the Lower Rhine Area. Sidestone Press, 2013.

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25

Ash, Simon A., and Donal J. Buggy. Outcomes of anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0039.

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Prevailing attitudes and conviction maintain that anaesthetic management, while ensuring safety, analgesia, and comfort perioperatively, has little influence on long-term patient outcomes. Gradually accumulating evidence is challenging this conventional wisdom, suggesting that choice of anaesthetic technique and perioperative management may, on the contrary, exert previously unrecognized long-term influences. This chapter seeks to review topical aspects of anaesthesia management which may influence postoperative patient outcomes. These include cardiovascular and pulmonary outcomes, surgical si

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26

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Drugs Used in Neurorehabilitation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0020.

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Neurologic rehabilitation arguably starts in the neurosciences intensive care unit. Specialized care is often needed in acute spinal cord injury, particularly if long-term care appears imminent. Much of neurorehabilitation is done without pharmaceuticals, but good options are available in patients with persistent disorders of consciousness, spasticity, and early depression after stroke. Disorders of consciousness are major concerns in neurorehabilitation centers because they obviate traditional rehabilitation programs. Improvement can be achieved with a neurostimulant which would improve atten

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27

Jönsson, Christer. Theoretical Approaches to International Organization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.349.

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The study of international organizations (IOs) has been described as lacking theoretical depth. However, the field actually has a more solid theoretical foundation than some of its critics allege. Moreover, the variety of approaches has entailed multifaceted knowledge of the internal workings as well as the global effects of IOs. Three theoretical traditions have emerged, dealing with institutions, organization, and governance. Institutional analysis has a central position in political science. In the study of domestic institutions, three major schools—rational choice institutionalism, histori

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28

Corbridge, Stuart. Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Contemporary India. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.40.

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India is an exception to many so-called rules in social science. This chapter considers why accounts of long-term economic growth, which assume that either institutional quality or geography is a foundational driver of change, are confounded by India. Attention is directed instead to consistency of economic policymaking, competition between provinces, and the stability of underlying political settlements. The chapter also considers why India’s growth success has been so much less efficient at reducing extreme income poverty than is the case in most East Asian countries. Poverty reduction in th

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29

Deeg, Richard. Capitalisms: A Global System. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.377.

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The global political economy is a multilevel system of economic activities and regulation in which the domestic level continues to predominate—in other words, it is a global system comprising national capitalist economies. Nations differ in terms of the regulations and institutions that govern economic activity, an observation that is embodied in the so-called “varieties of capitalism” (VoC) literature. Contemporary VoC approaches highlight the significance of social and political institutions in shaping national economies, in stark contrast to neoclassical economics which generally ignores in

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30

Goldenberg, Don. COVID's Impact on Health and Healthcare Workers. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197575390.001.0001.

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The symptoms, risk factors and typical course of mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 infections are detailed, focusing on correlations with hospitalization and death. The physical and emotional toll on healthcare workers is described, as well as the innovations and sacrifices made by physicians, nurses, and hospitals during the pandemic. Present and enduring changes in primary care and mental healthcare, including increased utilization of telemedicine, are explained. The misinformation and disinformation raging during the pandemic and their adverse effect on public health and patient recovery a

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31

Hendrix, Burke A. Strategies of Justice. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833543.001.0001.

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Political theorists often imagine themselves as political architects, asking what an ideal set of laws or social structures might look like. Yet persistent injustices can endure for decades or even centuries despite such ideal theorizing. In circumstances of this kind, it is essential for political theorists to think carefully about the political choices normatively available to those who directly face persistent injustices and seek to change them. The book focuses on the claims of Aboriginal peoples to better treatment from the United States and Canada. The book investigates two intertwined i

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32

Levy, David. Microvascular complications: DCCT/EDIC, Pittsburgh, and Finland. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766452.003.0006.

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The progression of microvascular complications is documented in the three-decade Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), its follow-on, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, and two non-interventional studies, the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study (EDC) and FinnDiane. The DCCT is described in detail. DCCT confirmed that good glycaemic control (A1C 7% (53 mmol/mol)) for 7 years reduced the risk of microvascular complications by 50–75% compared with A1C of 9% (75). Severe hypoglycaemia associated with improved glycaemia, is not

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33

Burns, Tom, and Mike Firn. Bipolar affective disorder. Edited by Tom Burns and Mike Firn. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754237.003.0016.

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This chapter deals with the other major psychotic illness, bipolar affective disorder. Bipolar disorder poses a difficult question for outreach workers, as patients are often well recovered between episodes—so should persisting outreach be provided? We report very good results in severe bipolar disorder where continuity of care has paid off. The chapter also deals with theories of causation and classification. The section on treatment identifies the importance of early admission in hypomania, the use of mood stabilizers, and the value of identifying and agreeing on relapse signatures. It also

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34

Slawinski, Natalie, and Pratima Bansal. The Paradoxes of Time in Organizations. Edited by Wendy K. Smith, Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.013.19.

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This chapter examines the paradoxes related to time in organizational research. It uncovers two main assumptions in organizational time research. The first is that temporal dimensions are often viewed as trade-offs, including objective versus subjective, short versus long term, and fast versus slow, such that organizations must choose among them. The second assumption is that clock time, which views time as absolute, mechanical, and linear, is a dominant frame. Such approaches to time in organizational research have limited theorizing about organizations and their relationship with society and

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35

Brondolo, Elizabeth, Irene V. Blair, and Amandeep Kaur. Biopsychosocial Mechanisms Linking Discrimination to Health: A Focus on Social Cognition. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.8.

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This chapter presents a theoretical framework that highlights the role of social cognition in mediating the effects of discrimination on health. This framework suggests that through alterations in schemas and appraisal processes, long-term discrimination increases the experienced frequency, intensity, and duration of threat exposure and concomitant distress. At the same time, the ability to recover from threat exposure may be impaired by the effects of discrimination on cognitive control processes that are necessary for modulating stress responses. Together, these processes may influence the a

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36

Fischer, Kevin M., and Shannon S. Carson. Chronic Multiple Organ Dysfunction. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0013.

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This chapter reviews the clinical syndrome of chronic multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) following acute critical illness. Chronic MOD, also referred to as chronic critical illness, occurs in patients who have survived the acute phase of their illness or injury but remain dependent on life support for weeks or months. This condition presents unique physiologic and metabolic abnormalities distinct from those encountered in the acute illness. These include neuroendocrine and immune dysregulation, ICU-acquired weakness, persistent respiratory failure, and brain dysfunction. The symptom burden for t

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37

Dvoskin, Joel, and Melody C. Brown. Jails and prisons. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0006.

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There are many similarities between prisons and jails, especially in regard to the constitutional standard for mental health services. However, the differences are important to recognize in assuring that the unique needs of each kind of institution are met. Historically, jails have been used to hold defendants for trial, and to confine prisoners who have been sentenced for misdemeanors, typically for sentences of less than one year. In contrast, prisons are managed by state or federal governments and used for longer-term confinement of convicted felons, who generally serve sentences of one yea

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38

Corsino, Louis. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0006.

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This concluding chapter presents a more general discussion of the interrelationships between ethnicity, organized crime, and social capital, especially as it may apply to the contemporary context in Chicago Heights. This study connected the decades-long ‘success’ of the organized crime operation in Chicago Heights to the persistent balancing act between the resources of closure, violence, and brokerage. Too much or too little of one or another would be potentially damaging to this long-term success. Closure brings value to the organization because it promotes a familiarity and assumed level of

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39

Geary, David C. The Classification and Cognitive Characteristics of Mathematical Disabilities in Children. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.017.

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Children in the bottom quartile of mathematics achievement are at high risk for underemployment in adulthood. These children include the roughly 7% of students with a mathematical learning disability (MLD) and another 10% of students with persistent low achievement (LA) that is not attributable to intelligence. The poor mathematics achievement of children who compose groups of MLD and LA students appears to be related to one or several deficits; specifically, (1) a delay in the development and poor fidelity of the system for representing approximate magnitudes; (2) difficulty mapping Arabic nu

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40

Dalbeth, Nicola. Gout. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0141.

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Gout is a common and treatable disorder of purine metabolism. Gout typically presents as recurrent self-limiting episodes of severe inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot. In the presence of persistent hyperuricaemia, tophi, chronic synovitis, and joint damage may develop. Diagnosis of gout is confirmed by identification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using polarizing light microscopy. Hyperuricaemia is the central biochemical cause of gout. Genetic variants in certain renal tubular urate transporters including SLC2A9 and ABCG2, and dietary factors including intake of high-purine meats

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41

Dalbeth, Nicola. Gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0141_update_003.

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Gout is a common and treatable disorder of purine metabolism. Gout typically presents as recurrent self-limiting episodes of severe inflammatory arthritis affecting the foot. In the presence of persistent hyperuricaemia, tophi, chronic synovitis, and joint damage may develop. Diagnosis of gout is confirmed by identification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using polarizing light microscopy. Hyperuricaemia is the central biochemical cause of gout. Genetic variants in certain renal tubular urate transporters including SLC2A9 and ABCG2, and dietary factors including intake of high-purine meats

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42

Phillips, Tudor. Risk factors for post-amputation pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0066.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Immediate and long-term phantom limb pain in amputees: Incidence, clinical characteristics and relationship to pre-amputation limb pain’, published by Jensen et al. in 1985. This study examined a cohort of older patients undergoing limb amputation, and carefully related pre-amputation pain to the development and nature of phantom limb pain. The authors demonstrated that a third of patients experienced pain similar to the pre-amputated limb pain immediately after amputation; patients who had experienced pre-amputation pain were more likely to exp

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43

Henter, Ioline D., and Rodrigo Machado-Vieira. Novel therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0030.

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The long-term course of bipolar disorder (BD) comprises recurrent depressive episodes and persistent residual symptoms for which standard therapeutic options are scarce and often ineffective. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and glutamate and its cognate receptors have consistently been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and in the development of novel therapeutics for these disorders. Since the rapid and robust antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine were first observed in 2000, other NMDA

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44

Shackelford, Scott J., Frederick Douzet, and Christopher Ankersen, eds. Cyber Peace. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108954341.

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The international community is too often focused on responding to the latest cyber-attack instead of addressing the reality of pervasive and persistent cyber conflict. From ransomware against the city government of Baltimore to state-sponsored campaigns targeting electrical grids in Ukraine and the U.S., we seem to have relatively little bandwidth left over to ask what we can hope for in terms of 'peace' on the Internet, and how to get there. It's also important to identify the long-term implications for such pervasive cyber insecurity across the public and private sectors, and how they can be

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45

Feldman, Ilana. Life Lived in Relief. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520299627.001.0001.

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Palestinian refugees’ experience of displacement is among the lengthiest in history. Life Lived in Relief explores this community’s engagement with humanitarian assistance over a seventy-year period and their persistent efforts over this long time span to alter their present and future conditions. Even as humanitarian intervention is conceived as crisis-driven and focused on survival, protracted displacement is a common circumstance, necessitating long-term humanitarian presence. The book describes the operational challenges of oscillating between chronic conditions and repeating emergency sit

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46

Bueno, Héctor, and José A. Barrabés. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0046.

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Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are life-threatening disorders, usually caused by acute coronary thrombosis and subsequent myocardial ischaemia, presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation in the initial electrocardiogram. According to the occurrence of myocardial necrosis, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are divided into non-ST-segment myocardial infarction or unstable angina. The management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes requires an early diagnosis and risk stratification, urgent hospitalization, monitoring, and medical treatme

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47

Bueno, Héctor, and José A. Barrabés. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0046_update_001.

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Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are life-threatening disorders, usually caused by acute coronary thrombosis and subsequent myocardial ischaemia, presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation in the initial electrocardiogram. According to the occurrence of myocardial necrosis, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are divided into non-ST-segment myocardial infarction or unstable angina. The management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes requires an early diagnosis and risk stratification, urgent hospitalization, monitoring, and medical treatme

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48

Bueno, Héctor, and José A. Barrabés. Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0046_update_002.

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Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are life-threatening disorders, usually caused by acute coronary thrombosis and subsequent myocardial ischaemia, presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation in the initial electrocardiogram. According to the occurrence of myocardial necrosis, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes are divided into non-ST-segment myocardial infarction or unstable angina. The management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes requires an early diagnosis and risk stratification, urgent hospitalization, monitoring, and medical treatme

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49

Hainline, Brian, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres. Concussion. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190937447.001.0001.

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Concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury, is common, and occurs both in sport and as a result of falls or accidents. Concussion has become an increasingly recognized public health concern, largely driven by prominent media coverage of athletes who have sustained concussion. Although much has been written about this condition, its natural history is still not well understood, and practitioners are only now beginning to recognize that concussion often manifests in different clinical domains. These may require targeted treatment in and of themselves; otherwise, persistent post-concussi

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50

Termeer, Catrien, Arwin van Buuren, Art Dewulf, Dave Huitema, Heleen Mees, Sander Meijerink, and Marleen van Rijswick. Governance Arrangements for Adaptation to Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.600.

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Adaptation to climate change is not only a technical issue; above all, it is a matter of governance. Governance is more than government and includes the totality of interactions in which public as well as private actors participate, aiming to solve societal problems. Adaptation governance poses some specific, demanding challenges, such as the context of institutional fragmentation, as climate change involves almost all policy domains and governance levels; the persistent uncertainties about the nature and scale of risks and proposed solutions; and the need to make short-term policies based on

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Books on the topic 'Long-term persistence'

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