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Journal articles on the topic 'Long-term sick leave'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Löfvander, M., A. Engström, H. Theander, and A. K. Furhoff. "Young immigrants on long-term sick-leave." Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare 6, no. 1 (January 1997): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.1997.tb00164.x.

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2

Blank, Nelson, and Finn Diderichsen. "Short-term and long-term sick-leave in Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 23, no. 4 (December 1995): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349489502300408.

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3

Printz, Carrie. "Long-term cancer survivors take more sick leave." Cancer 118, no. 20 (October 5, 2012): 4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.27845.

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4

Kawada, Tomoyuki. "Predictors of Long-Term Sick Leave in the Workplace." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61, no. 12 (December 2019): e532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000001727.

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5

Rose, Suzanna, and Pamela J. Taylor. "Selected characteristics of people on long-term sick leave." Psychiatric Bulletin 22, no. 7 (July 1998): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.7.428.

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All personnel within one UK emergency service who had been identified during a six-month period as having been on sick leave for eight consecutive weeks or more were identified. Those consenting were interviewed once using both a semi-structured questionnaire and standardised instruments. There were three main objectives: to discover the nature of the presenting problem in terms of illness or injury, the extent to which psychological problems presented and the relative importance of general and/or traumatic stressors. The resulting sample of 17 people accounted for 2–3% of the workforce. Fifteen agreed to take part and 13 to full interview. of the 14 who completed the Hilton Drinking Behaviour Questionnaire 10 exceeded the threshold consistent with problem drinking. The reason for sick leave in all these cases was recorded as physical injury only.

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Aagestad, Cecilie, Håkon A. Johannessen, Tore Tynes, Hans Magne Gravseth, and Tom Sterud. "Work-Related Psychosocial Risk Factors for Long-Term Sick Leave." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 8 (August 2014): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000000212.

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7

Eyal, Arnona, Rafael S. Carel, and John R. Goldsmith. "Factors affecting long-term sick leave in an industrial population." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 66, no. 4 (October 1994): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00454367.

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8

Dekkers-Sanchez, P. M., J. L. Hoving, J. K. Sluiter, and M. H. W. Frings-Dresen. "Factors associated with long-term sick leave in sick-listed employees: a systematic review." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 65, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2007.034983.

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9

Dias, Adriano, Juan Gómez-Salgado, João Bernardes, and Carlos Ruiz-Frutos. "Factors Affecting Sick Leave Duration for Non-Work-Related Temporary Disabilities in Brazilian University Public Servants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102127.

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Sickness absenteeism in public institutions compromises the execution of services, and may also generate direct impacts on the population that receives coverage. To determine if sick leave duration for temporary disabilities is associated with non-work-related illnesses (NWRI), a historical cohort study was carried out of workers at a Brazilian University. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was obtained from the most prevalent diagnoses in each expert examination and from the corresponding days of sick leave per episode, adjusting simple and multiple Cox regression models. As a result, 70% of the NWRI temporary disabilities were due to depressive disorders, convalescence, and dorsalgia with a sick leave duration between 4 and 320 days. The factors of protection for sick leave durations until the rehabilitation were non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Long-term sick leaves were observed in the cases that required rehabilitation of those workers diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorders, conjunctivitis, acute sinusitis, skin disorders, calculus of kidney and ureter, abdominal and pelvic pain, and same-level fall accidents. It is also worth noting that even in a disease that can justify long-term sick leaves, such as breast cancer, the duration may be shorter according to the worker’s capacity and self-efficacy.

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10

Thorslund, Karin Wallgren. "Solution-Focused Group Therapy for Patients on Long-Term Sick Leave." Journal of Family Psychotherapy 18, no. 3 (September 21, 2007): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j085v18n03_02.

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Duchemin, Tom, Avner Bar-Hen, Radowan Lounissi, William Dab, Mounia N. Hocine, and Mounia N. Hocine. "Response to Predictors of Long-Term Sick Leave in the Workplace." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61, no. 12 (December 2019): e533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000001726.

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12

Floderus, Birgitta, Sara Göransson, Kristina Alexanderson, and Gunnar Aronsson. "Self-estimated life situation in patients on long-term sick leave." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 37, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16501970510034422.

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13

Andersén, Åsa, Kjerstin Larsson, Per Lytsy, Per Kristiansson, and Ingrid Anderzén. "Predictors of self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 38, no. 4 (December 2015): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0000000000000129.

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14

Soegaard, Hans Joergen. "Undetected Common Mental Disorders in Long-Term Sickness Absence." International Journal of Family Medicine 2012 (May 14, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/474989.

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Background. Undetected Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) amongst people on sick leave complicate rehabilitation and return to work because appropriate treatments are not initiated. Aims. The aim of this study is to estimate (1) the frequencies of CMD, (2) the predictors of undetected CMD, and (3) the rate of return to work among sick listed individuals without a psychiatric disorder, who are registered on long-term sickness absence (LSA). Methods. A total of 2,414 incident individuals on LSA with a response rate of 46.4%, were identified for a two-phase study. The subsample of this study involved individuals registered on LSA who were sick-listed without a psychiatric sick leave diagnosis. In this respect, Phase 1 included 831 individuals, who were screened for mental disorders. In Phase 2, following the screening of Phase 1, 227 individuals were thoroughly examined by a psychiatrist applying Present State Examination. The analyses of the study were carried out based on the 227 individuals from Phase 2 and, subsequently, weighted to be representative of the 831 individuals in Phase 1. Results. The frequencies of undetected mental disorders among all sick-listed individuals were for any psychiatric diagnosis 21%, depression 14%, anxiety 4%, and somatoform disorder 6%. Conclusions. Undetected CMD may delay the initiation of appropriate treatment and complicate the rehabilitation and return to work.

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De Bortoli, Marit Müller, Inger M. Oellingrath, Anne Kristin Moeller Fell, Alex Burdorf, and Suzan J. W. Robroek. "Influence of lifestyle risk factors on work ability and sick leave in a general working population in Norway: a 5-year longitudinal study." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e045678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045678.

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess (1) whether lifestyle risk factors are related to work ability and sick leave in a general working population over time, and (2) these associations within specific disease groups (ie, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and mental illness).SettingTelemark county, in the south-eastern part of Norway.DesignLongitudinal study with 5 years follow-up.ParticipantsThe Telemark study is a longitudinal study of the general working population in Telemark county, Norway, aged 16 to 50 years at baseline in 2013 (n=7952) and after 5-year follow-up.Outcome measureSelf-reported information on work ability (moderate and poor) and sick leave (short-term and long-term) was assessed at baseline, and during a 5-year follow-up.ResultsObesity (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.32 to 2.05) and smoking (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.35 to 1.96) were associated with long-term sick leave and, less strongly, with short-term sick leave. An unhealthy diet (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.43), and smoking (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.25) were associated with poor work ability and, to a smaller extent, with moderate work ability. A higher lifestyle risk score was associated with both sick leave and reduced work ability. Only few associations were found between unhealthy lifestyle factors and sick leave or reduced work ability within disease groups.ConclusionLifestyle risk factors were associated with sick leave and reduced work ability. To evaluate these associations further, studies assessing the effect of lifestyle interventions on sick leave and work ability are needed.

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Anagnostopoulos, Fotios, and Dimitris Niakas. "Job Burnout, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Sickness Absence in Greek Health Professionals." European Psychologist 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000013.

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This study examined how job burnout was associated with sick-leave absence and quality of life in a sample of 487 nurses working in the National Health Care System. Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, while quality of life was measured with Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Data on sick leaves were collected from hospital personnel records. Logistic regression indicated that levels of burnout (emotional exhaustion) were significant predictors of short-term (but not long-term) sickness absence. Long-term sickness absence could be predicted by poor physical health. The findings indicate that burnout not only may negatively impact on quality of life of health-care providers, but also may influence short sick leaves. Implications for the implementation of absence reduction programs are discussed.

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17

Fältholm, Ylva. "“Patients, not doctors, get sick”: A study of fifteen Swedish physicians on long-term sick leave." International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 2, no. 1 (January 2007): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17482620601088277.

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18

Munk Killingmo, Rikke, Anne Therese Tveter, Milada C. Småstuen, Kjersti Storheim, and Margreth Grotle. "Comparison of self-reported and public registered absenteeism among people on long-term sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders: criterion validity of the iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire." European Journal of Health Economics 22, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01294-0.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate criterion validity of the iMTA Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iPCQ) by comparing iPCQ-reported occurrence and duration of long-term absenteeism (> 4 weeks) with public registry data collected from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV) among people on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. Method Baseline data from a cohort study was used, in which people on sick leave for at least 4 weeks due to musculoskeletal disorders were recruited electronically through the NAV website. To compare the occurrence of long-term absenteeism overall agreement between the two methods was measured by percentages. To compare the duration (number of days with absenteeism) and adjusted duration (number of days with complete absenteeism) of long-term absenteeism we conducted intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) two-way random average agreement, descriptive statistic and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results In total, 144 participants with a median age (range) of 49 (24–67) were included. The overall agreement on the occurrence of long-term absenteeism was 100%. The ICC value was 0.97 and 0.86 for duration and adjusted duration of long-term absenteeism, respectively. The median difference(iPCQ-registry) between the two methods was 0 and 17 days for long-term absenteeism duration and adjusted duration, respectively. A significant difference between the two methods was observed (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.001) with regards to adjusted duration of long-term absenteeism. Conclusion The iPCQ showed good agreement with public registry data regarding the occurrence and duration of long-term absenteeism among people with musculoskeletal disorders on long-term sick-leave in Norway. However, the iPCQ does not cover part-time sick-leave and thereby potentially overestimate the total amount of long-term absenteeism. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04196634.

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Johansson, Christina, and Gunilla Isaksson. "Experiences of participation in occupations of women on long-term sick leave." Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy 18, no. 4 (October 21, 2010): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2010.521950.

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20

Grossi, Giorgio, Joaquim J. F. Soares, Jocelyne Ängeslevä, and Aleksander Perski. "Psychosocial correlates of long-term sick-leave among patients with musculoskeletal pain." Pain 80, no. 3 (April 1999): 607–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00253-x.

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21

Hubertsson, J., M. Englund, and I. F. Petersson. "FRI0426 Distribution of short and long-term sick leave in musculoskeletal disorders." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, Suppl 3 (June 2013): 458.2–458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2883.

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22

Fahlén, Göran, Hans Goine, Curt Edlund, Britt Arrelöv, Anders Knutsson, and Richard Peter. "Effort-reward imbalance, “locked in” at work, and long-term sick leave." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 82, no. 2 (April 17, 2008): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-008-0321-5.

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23

Landfeldt, Erik, Anna Castelo-Branco, Axel Svedbom, Emil Löfroth, Andrius Kavaliunas, and Jan Hillert. "Sick leave and disability pension before and after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22, no. 14 (September 28, 2016): 1859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516667567.

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with considerable morbidity and serious disability, but little is known of the long-term impact of the disease on work ability. Objectives: To assess sick leave (short-term absence) and disability pension (long-term absence) before and after diagnosis of MS. Methods: Patients with MS in Sweden were identified in a nationwide disease-specific register and matched with general population controls. Sick leave and disability pension were measured before and after index (i.e. the MS diagnosis date). Results: The final sample comprised 6092 patients and 60,345 controls (mean age 39 years; 70% female). The mean annual prevalence of sick leave ranged from 12% the first year after index to 23% after 11 years among patients and from 13% to 13% among controls. Corresponding estimates for disability pension were 12% and 55% for patients and 7% and 9% for controls. Significant differences in sick leave were observed up to 15 years before index and 3 years for disability pension. Conclusion: Patients with MS in Sweden have elevated levels of sick leave and disability pension up to 15 years before disease diagnosis. Our results highlight the burden of disease on affected patients and society and underscore the substantial unmet medical need.

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Kaldo, Viktor, Andreas Lundin, Mats Hallgren, Martin Kraepelien, Catharina Strid, Örjan Ekblom, Catharina Lavebratt, Nils Lindefors, Agneta Öjehagen, and Yvonne Forsell. "Effects of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy and physical exercise on sick leave and employment in primary care patients with depression: two subgroup analyses." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104326.

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ObjectivesDepression can negatively impact work capacity, but treatment effects on sick leave and employment are unclear. This study evaluates if internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) or physical exercise (PE), with already reported positive effects on clinical outcome and short-term work ability, has better effects on employment, sick leave and long-term work ability compared with treatment as usual (TAU) for depressed primary care patients (German clinical trials: DRKS00008745).MethodsAfter randomisation and exclusion of patients not relevant for work-related analysis, patients were divided into two subgroups: initially unemployed (total n=118) evaluated on employment, and employed (total n=703) evaluated on long-term sick leave. Secondary outcomes were self-rated work ability and average number of sick days per month evaluated for both subgroups. Assessments (self-reports) were made at baseline and follow-up at 3 and 12 months.ResultsFor the initially unemployed subgroup, 52.6% were employed after 1 year (response rate 82%). Both PE (risk ratio (RR)=0.44; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.87) and ICBT (RR=0.37; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.84) showed lower rates compared with TAU after 3 months, but no difference was found after 1 year (PE: RR=0.97; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.57; ICBT: RR=1.23; 95% CI 0.72 to 2.13). For those with initial employment, long-term sick leave (response rate 75%) decreased from 7.8% to 6.5%, but neither PE (RR=1.4; 95% CI 0.52 to 3.74) nor ICBT (RR=0.99; 95% CI 0.39 to 2.46) decreased more than TAU, although a temporary positive effect for PE was found. All groups increased self-rated work ability with no differences found.ConclusionsNo long-term effects were found for the initially unemployed on employment status or for the initially employed on sick leave. New types of interventions need to be explored.

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Du Bois, M., M. Szpalski, and P. Donceel. "Patients at risk for long-term sick leave because of low back pain." Spine Journal 9, no. 5 (May 2009): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2008.07.003.

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Morroy, G., H. H. J. Bor, J. Polder, J. L. A. Hautvast, W. van der Hoek, P. M. Schneeberger, and C. J. Wijkmans. "Self-reported sick leave and long-term health symptoms of Q-fever patients." European Journal of Public Health 22, no. 6 (February 7, 2012): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cks003.

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Petersson, I. F. "SP0010 Long-term economic outcomes of modern treatment: Sick leave and work disability." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, Suppl 3 (June 2013): 4.1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1485.

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SELANDER, JOHN, and SVEN-UNO MARNETOFT. "Risk factors for disability pension among unemployed women on long-term sick-leave." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 22, no. 4 (December 1999): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004356-199912000-00004.

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Stapelfeldt, Christina Malmose, Claus Vinther Nielsen, Niels Trolle Andersen, Line Krane, Vilhelm Borg, Nils Fleten, and Chris Jensen. "Sick leave patterns as predictors of disability pension or long-term sick leave: a 6.75-year follow-up study in municipal eldercare workers." BMJ Open 4, no. 2 (February 2014): e003941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003941.

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Behrens, Frank, Hans-Peter Tony, Michaela Koehm, Eva C. Schwaneck, Holger Gnann, Gerd Greger, Harald Burkhardt, and Marc Schmalzing. "Sustained improvement in work outcomes in employed patients with rheumatoid arthritis during 2 years of adalimumab therapy: an observational cohort study." Clinical Rheumatology 39, no. 9 (March 23, 2020): 2583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05038-y.

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Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of adalimumab therapy on work-related outcomes in employed patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method We utilized data from an observational cohort of German patients who initiated adalimumab treatment during routine clinical care. Analyses were based on employed patients (part-time or full-time) who continued adalimumab treatment for 24 months. Major outcomes were self-reported sick leave days in the previous 6 months, absenteeism, presenteeism, and total work productivity impairment as assessed by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire and disease activity assessments. The normal number of sick leave days was based on data from the German Federal Statistical Office. Results Of 783 patients, 72.3% were women, mean age was 47.9 years, and mean disease duration was 7.8 years. At baseline (before adalimumab initiation), 42.9% of patients had higher than normal sick leave days (> 5) in the previous 6 months. During 24 months of adalimumab treatment, 61% of patients with higher than normal sick leave days at baseline returned to normal sick leave values (≤ 5 days/6 months). Overall, mean sick leave days/6 months decreased from 14.8 days at baseline to 7.4 days at month 24. Improvements were observed in WPAI assessments and disease activity measures, although presenteeism levels remained high (32.2% at month 24). Conclusions Adalimumab treatment was associated with strong and sustained improvements in work-related outcomes in employed patients who continued on adalimumab for 24 months. Presenteeism appears to be the work outcome most resistant to improvement during RA treatment. Trial registration NCT01076205 Key Points• Long-term adalimumab therapy was associated with sustained improvements in work outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.• Despite improvements in sick leave days and work absenteeism, presenteeism (impairment while at work) remained relatively high.

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Svedberg, Pia, Peter Salmi, Jan Hagberg, Göran Lundh, Jürgen Linder, and Kristina Alexanderson. "Does multidisciplinary assessment of long-term sickness absentees result in modification of sick-listing diagnoses?" Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 38, no. 6 (June 9, 2010): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494810373674.

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Aims: The aim was to study whether sick-leave diagnoses of long-term sickness absentees were modified after a multidisciplinary assessment and if modifications differed with type of medical specialty of the latest physician to sick-list the patient. Methods: A sample of 635 long-term sickness absentees referred to a multidisciplinary assessment by Social Insurance Offices was included. Data were obtained through sickness certificates and medical records. Patients were examined by board-certified specialists in psychiatry, orthopaedic surgery, and rehabilitation medicine. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: The multidisciplinary assessment resulted in an increase from 1—2 to 2—3 diagnoses for most patients. Forty-five per cent of the male and 47% of the female patients had only somatic diagnoses at referral. After the multidisciplinary assessment these percentages were 20% and 29%, respectively. The rate of women and men given both psychiatric and somatic diagnoses increased from 30% at referral to about 55%. The shift from either only psychiatric or only somatic diagnoses to having these diagnoses in combination was associated with type of specialty of the physician who had sick-listed the patient. Conclusions: The study indicates that many patients on long-term sick-leave with unclear diagnoses may suffer from unrecognized, and therefore probably untreated, medical disorders and co-morbidity.

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Olaya-Contreras, Patricia, and Jorma Styf. "Illness behavior in patients on long-term sick leave due to chronic musculoskeletal pain." Acta Orthopaedica 80, no. 3 (January 2009): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453670902988352.

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Ekbladh, Elin. "Perceptions of the work environment among people with experience of long term sick leave." Work 35, no. 2 (2010): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2010-0964.

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Rudbeck, Marianne, Steen Lund Jensen, and Kirsten Fonager. "Arthroscopic subacromial decompression and predictors of long-term sick leave benefit and permanent benefits." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 22, no. 9 (September 2013): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2012.12.003.

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Pakpoor, J. ""Fit note" is linked to fewer people taking long term sick leave, study finds." BMJ 350, feb24 5 (February 24, 2015): h1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h1024.

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Kærlev, Linda, Lene B. Jacobsen, Jørn Olsen, and Jens Peter Bonde. "Long-term sick leave and its risk factors during pregnancy among Danish hospital employees." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 32, no. 2 (March 2004): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034940310017517.

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Lytsy, Per, Kjerstin Larsson, and Ingrid Anderzén. "Health in women on long-term sick leave because of pain or mental illness." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 38, no. 1 (March 2015): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0000000000000080.

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Sampere, Maite, David Gimeno, Consol Serra, Manel Plana, Juan Carlos López, José Miguel Martínez, George L. Delclos, and Fernando G. Benavides. "Return to Work Expectations of Workers on Long-Term Non-Work-Related Sick Leave." Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 22, no. 1 (June 24, 2011): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10926-011-9313-5.

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Stapelfeldt, Christina, Claus Vinther Nielsen, Niels Trolle Andersen, Line Krane, Vilhelm Borg, Nils Fleten, and Chris Jensen. "0144 Sick leave patterns as predictors of disability pension or long-term sick leave: A 6.75-year follow-up study in municipal eldercare workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 71, Suppl 1 (June 2014): A78.1—A78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102362.242.

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40

Gjerde, Line C., Espen Røysamb, Nikolai Czajkowski, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Kristian Østby, Kristian Tambs, Kenneth S. Kendler, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, and Ragnhild E. Ørstavik. "Personality Disorders and Long-Term Sick Leave: A Population-Based Study of Young Adult Norwegian Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 17, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.90.

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Personality disorders (PDs) reduce global functioning, are associated with high levels of work disability, and are thus also likely to influence long-term sick leave (LTSL). Previous research has indicated significant genetic influence on both DSM-IV PDs and LTSL. To what degree genes contributing to PDs also influence LTSL has not been investigated. The aims of the current study were to investigate which PDs were significantly associated with LTSL, to what extent the genetic contributions to these PDs account for the heritability of LTSL, and to explore the hypothesis of a causal association between PDs and LTSL. The sample consisted of 2,771 young, adult Norwegian twins, born 1967–1979. PDs were assessed using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV). The age range for the interview was 20–32. The data were subsequently linked to public records of LTSL (sick leave >16 days) up to 11 years later. The odds ratio for being in the highest LTSL category (>15% sick leave) when fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for any PD diagnosis was 2.6 (1.8–3.8, 95% CI). Dimensional representations of schizotypal, paranoid, and borderline PD were independently and significantly associated with LTSL. The heritability of LTSL was 0.50. Genetic factors shared with the PDs accounted for 20% of this. The association between PDs and LTSL was due to shared genetic and not environmental influences, and was mainly explained by one common genetic factor. The hypothesis of a causal association was not supported, indicating that the association is explained by overlapping genetic liability between PDs and LTSL.

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Ahlstrom, Linda, Anna Grimby-Ekman, Mats Hagberg, and Lotta Dellve. "The work ability index and single-item question: associations with sick leave, symptoms, and health – a prospective study of women on long-term sick leave." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 36, no. 5 (April 7, 2010): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2917.

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Finnes, Anna, Ingrid Anderzén, Ronnie Pingel, JoAnne Dahl, Linnea Molin, and Per Lytsy. "Comparing the Efficacy of Multidisciplinary Assessment and Treatment, or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, with Treatment as Usual on Health Outcomes in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave—A Randomised Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041754.

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Abstract:

Background: Chronic pain and mental disorders are common reasons for long term sick leave. The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a multidisciplinary assessment and treatment program including acceptance and commitment therapy (TEAM) and stand-alone acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), compared with treatment as usual (Control) on health outcomes in women on long-term sick leave. Method: Participants (n = 308), women of working age on long term sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain and/or common mental disorders, were randomized to TEAM (n = 102), ACT (n = 102) or Control (n = 104). Participants in the multidisciplinary assessment treatment program received ACT, but also medical assessment, occupational therapy and social counselling. The second intervention included ACT only. Health outcomes were assessed over 12 months using adjusted linear mixed models. The results showed significant interaction effects for both ACT and TEAM compared with Control in anxiety (ACT [p < 0.05]; TEAM [p < 0.001]), depression (ACT [p < 0.001]; TEAM [p < 0.001]) and general well-being (ACT [p < 0.05]; TEAM [p < 0.001]). For self-rated pain, there was a significant interaction effect in favour of ACT (p < 0.05), and for satisfaction with life in favour of TEAM (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both ACT alone and multidisciplinary assessment and treatment including ACT were superior to treatment as usual in clinical outcomes.

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Aas, Randi Wågø, Cathrine Thingb{\o}, Kari Anne Holte, Kristine Lie, and Inger Anna Lode. "On long term sick leave due to musculoskeletal diseases and disorders. Experiences of work demands." Work 39, no. 3 (2011): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2011-1171.

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Nordh, Helena, Patrik Grahn, and Peter Währborg. "Meaningful activities in the forest, a way back from exhaustion and long-term sick leave." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 8, no. 3 (January 2009): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.02.005.

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Löfvander, Monica. "Attitudes towards pain and return to work in young immigrants on long term sick leave." Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 17, no. 3 (January 1999): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/028134399750002584.

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Nystuen, Kåre B. Hagen, Jep, Pål. "Mental health problems as a cause of long-term sick leave in the Norwegian workforce." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 29, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/140349401316983581.

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Jacobsen, Henrik B., Johan Håkon Bjørngaard, Karen W. Hara, Petter C. Borchgrevink, Astrid Woodhouse, Nils Inge Landrø, Anette Harris, and Tore C. Stiles. "The Role of Stress in Absenteeism: Cortisol Responsiveness among Patients on Long-Term Sick Leave." PLoS ONE 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2014): e96048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096048.

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Bogg, A. "Paid Annual Leave and the Long-Term Sick: Third Time Lucky for the United Kingdom?" Industrial Law Journal 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwm020.

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Robinson, Hilde Stendal, Camilla Coward, Wenche S. Bjorbækmo, Eva Langeland, and Albert Lee. "Long term sick leave, subjective health complaints and sense of coherence, a cross-sectional study." Cogent Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1308082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2331205x.2017.1308082.

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Nystuen, Pal, Kare B. Hagen, and Jeph Herrin. "Mental health problems as a cause of long-term sick leave in the Norwegian workforce." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 29, no. 3 (July 2001): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948010290030301.

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