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Journal articles on the topic 'Long times of detention'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Papa, Fabian, Barry J. Adams, and Yiping Guo. "Detention time selection for stormwater quality control ponds." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 1 (1999): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l98-046.

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Current stormwater quality control pond design in Ontario typically includes the specification of a uniform detention time for extended detention ponds to ensure water quality control. In reality, the pollution-control performance of such facilities is governed by two opposing forces: improved pollutant removal efficiency over longer detention times and the decreased volume of runoff captured and treated by the facility for longer detention times. The combination of these effects produces a maximum attainable level of long-term pollution-control performance at an optimal detention time. Derive

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2

Fan, Celia, and James Li. "A Modelling Analysis of Urban Stormwater Flow Regimes and their Implication for Stream Erosion." Water Quality Research Journal 39, no. 4 (2004): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2004.048.

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Abstract Stream erosion is a major issue in stormwater management. The objectives of this research are to investigate by means of computer modelling: (a) the flow-duration characteristics of a receiving stream before and after urbanization; (b) the implication of flow regime changes on stream erosion potential with and without control measures (e.g., extended detention basins and source control); and (c) the maximum degree of urbanization, for which stream erosion may be unavoidable regardless of the stormwater control measures applied. The U.S. EPA Stormwater Management Model was used in the

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3

Picot, B., H. El Halouani, C. Casellas, S. Moersidik, and J. Bontoux. "Nutrient Removal by High Rate Pond System in a Mediterranean Climate (France)." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (1991): 1535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0607.

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The objective of the present study vas to ascertain the mechanisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater and to determine the most effective treatment conditions for removing these nutrients by high rate ponding in a Mediterranean climate. Tests carried out in Mèze (France) showed that variations of climatic factors (light and temperature), can be compensated by changes in detention times. The following strategy was adopted: the pond was operated with long detention times (8 days) in winter, which is characterized by low light intensity and low temperatures, and with shor

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4

Shugaeva, S. N., S. E. Oryshchak, and E. D. Savilov. "Trends and Correlations of Tuberculosis Morbidity in the Penitentiary System." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 21, no. 4 (2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2022-21-4-89-94.

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Relevance. Persons held in detention have a high risk of tuberculosis (TB), Aim. Comparative characteristics of the incidence of tuberculosis among prisoners in the penitentiary system and the population. Materials and methods. Тhe retrospective epidemiological analysis of long-term dynamics and the relationship between tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates among the population and contingents of the penitentiary institutions in the Eastern Siberian region of Russia (Irkutsk region) was carried out in 2004– 2019. Results. It has been identified that tuberculosis incidence rate (TB) of penitentiary

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5

Tejkl, Lauren, David Tellez, Dana McLaughlin, et al. "Evaluation of the US detention standards to protect the health and dignity of migrants: a systematic review of national health standards." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (2023): e069949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069949.

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ObjectiveThe US government detains hundreds of thousands of migrants across a network of facilities each year. This research aims to evaluate the completeness of standards across US detention agencies to protect the health and dignity of migrants.DesignFive documents from three US agencies were examined in a systematic review: Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE; 3), Customs and Border Protection (CBP; 1) and Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR; 1). Standards within five public health categories (health, hygiene, shelter, food and nutrition, protection) were extracted from each document a

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6

Tsai, Hsin-Yuan, Chia-Ming Fan, and Chao-Hsien Liaw. "Design of Combined Rainwater-Harvesting and Stormwater-Detention System with Passive Release for New Buildings in Taiwan." Water 17, no. 2 (2025): 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17020204.

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Taiwan experiences abundant rainfall, but faces significant water shortages, making rainwater harvesting (RWH) a potential alternative water source. Additionally, extreme rainfall events strain urban flood control systems, highlighting the need for integrated stormwater management. To address these challenges, Taiwan mandates stormwater detention (SWD) in new buildings. However, the current RWH and SWD systems are designed independently, with no combined design guidelines available. This study proposes three combined RWH and SWD systems, series, parallel, and enhanced parallel with a valve usi

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7

Angelakis, Andreas N., Andrea G. Capodaglio, Mohammad Valipour, et al. "Evolution of Floods: From Ancient Times to the Present Times (ca 7600 BC to the Present) and the Future." Land 12, no. 6 (2023): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12061211.

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Floods are one of the most dangerous natural disasters, causing great destruction, damage, and even fatalities worldwide. Flooding is the phenomenon of a sudden increase or even slow increase in the volume of water in a river or stream bed as the result of several possible factors: heavy or very long precipitation, melting snowpack, strong winds over the water, unusually high tides, tsunamis, or the failure of dams, gages, detention basins, or other structures that hold back water. To gain a better understanding of flooding, it is necessary to examine evidence, search for ancient wisdom, and c

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8

Su, Jau-Lang, and Chaio-Fuei Ouyang. "Advanced biological enhanced nutrient removal processes by the addition of rotating biological contactors." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 8 (1997): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0308.

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Advanced removal efficiency of organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen from municipal wastewater was achieved by using an anaerobic-anoxic-oxide (A2/O) process with the addition of fully and partially submerged RBC biofilms. The experiments were carried out in a range of F/M ratio 0.21 to 0.32 kg BOD/kg MLSS/d and at a various total hydraulic detention times (HRT), return activated sludge ratio (r) and mixed liquid recycle ratio (R). Another pilot plant A2/O process without adding RBC was conducted for control experiments. Compared with A2/O process, this new process could achieve a higher deg

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9

Steyn, Johan. "Guantanamo Bay: The Legal Black Hole1." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53, no. 1 (2004): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/53.1.1.

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The most powerful democracy is detaining hundreds of suspected foot soldiers of the Taliban in a legal black hole at the United States naval base at Guantanamo Bay, where they await trial on capital charges by military tribunals. This episode must be put in context. Democracies must defend themselves. Democracies are entitled to try officers and soldiers of enemy forces for war crimes. But it is a recurring theme in history that in times of war, armed conflict, or perceived national danger, even liberal democracies adopt measures infringing human rights in ways that are wholly disproportionate

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10

Алфимова, О. А. "The formation of a detachment system in domestic penitentiary institutions in the Soviet period." Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, no. 3(52) (September 22, 2022): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2022/3(52)/158-167.

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В статье рассматриваются отдельные вопросы развития и становления отечественной отрядной системы содержания осужденных в исправительных учреждениях. Отрядная система прошла в своем развитии довольно длительный путь. Период 20-х — 30-х гг. ХХ в. для отечественной система учреждений, исполняющих наказание в виде лишения свободы, стал переходным: в указанный период были упразднены места заключения царской России, в которых осужденные содержались покамерно, и была предпринята попытка создать новые виды исправительных учреждений (такие как трудовые коммуны, исправительно-трудовые лагеря — ИТЛ), в у

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11

Щербак, Світлана, та Станіслав Лукашенко. "THE HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN THE FORM OF CUSTODY ON UKRAINIAN LANDS (ХІІІ - BEGINNING OF ХХ CENTURY)". КОНСЕНСУС, № 1 (2024): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2024-01/007-015.

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The article examines the genesis of preventive measures in the form of custody in criminal proceedings on the territory of modern Ukraine. Issues of the origin and development of detention in criminal justice were considered, which existed in Ukrainian lands during the long-term historical development of Ukrainian statehood with a time frame from the XIII century to Soviet times. The results of the analysis of the origin and evolution of custody in the system of preventive measures in the criminal process on the territory of modern Ukraine during the periods of Kyivan Rus, Cossacks, Austro-Hun

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12

Richter, Michael, and Wolfgang Dickhaut. "Long-Term Performance of Blue-Green Roof Systems—Results of a Building-Scale Monitoring Study in Hamburg, Germany." Water 15, no. 15 (2023): 2806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15152806.

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For the first time, a long-term monitoring study with different full-scale blue-green roof (BGR) types was conducted. Within a pilot project from Hamburg’s Rainwater InfraStructure Adaptation (RISA) framework, four different BGR types were built in 2015 for long-term evaluation and comparison with each other. The test site was created to find out to what extent BGRs are able to improve hydrological performance and if increased water supply affects vegetation development and species diversity. Therefore, the roofs were equipped with hydrologic monitoring systems, their retention performance was

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13

Kondratova, S. E., and A. N. Marchenko. "Development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the penitentiary system." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 14, no. 1 (2022): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2022-14-1-100-106.

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The purpose statement is to identify and assess the risk factors determined by the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the area of high concentration of the risk group.Object of study. 365 deceased HIV-infected were identified, of which: the study group — 222 prisoners who died HIV-infected on the basis of the Regional Hospital of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the city of Tyumen for the period 2008–2018; control group — 143 civilian (law-abiding) patients who died HIVinfected on the basis of the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital for the period 2011–2018.Research m

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14

Sukhwal, Seema, Claire Gordon-Ellis, and Luneta Tajblova. "Audit of delays in the diversion of mentally disordered defendants under the Mental Health Act 1983/2007 at a liaison and diversion service in North West London." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (2021): S352—S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.932.

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AimsTo ascertain the length of time defendants wait for a Mental Health Act assessment (MHAA) and where necessary, how long they are waiting for a hospital bed.BackgroundThe Liaison and Diversion Service in North West London (the Service) is provided by Central North West London Foundation NHS Trust (CNWL), Barnet Enfield Haringey (BEH) and Together to Willesden Magistrates Court in North West London.One of the core activities of the Service is diverting individuals from the criminal justice system to hospital under the Mental Health Act (MHA).The Code of Practice allows for a period of 14 day

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15

Majer Newman, J., and T. Lynch. "The Everglades Nutrient Removal Project test cells: STA optimization - status of the research at the north site." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (2001): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0817.

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The Everglades is an oligotrophic ecosystem that is being adversely impacted by hydrologic changes and nutrient-rich runoff generated from urban and agricultural sources. The Stormwater Treatment Area (STA) Optimization Research and Monitoring program is mandated by the 1994 Everglades Forever Act and will assist the South Florida Water Management District in developing operational strategies that maximize performance of emergent macrophyte STAs. The primary objective of this research is to examine how hydrologic conditions may influence STA performance. The study was conducted in 0.2 ha, shal

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16

Abualfaraj, Noura, Joseph Cataldo, Yara Elborolosy, et al. "Monitoring and Modeling the Long-Term Rainfall-Runoff Response of the Jacob K. Javits Center Green Roof." Water 10, no. 11 (2018): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111494.

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Drainage from the 27,316-m2 Jacob K. Javits Convention Center (JJCC) green roof was investigated in the field to quantify the system’s long-term rainfall-runoff response. The JJCC hosts one of the largest extensive green roofs in the United States. Utilizing four years of rooftop monitoring data collected using a weather station, custom designed and built drainage systems, three Parshall flumes equipped with pressure transducers, and weighing lysimeters, this study quantified the 25.4-mm-deep green roof’s ability to decrease the volume and peak rate of runoff. With parameters derived from the

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17

Greenaway, M., and A. Woolley. "Changes in plant biomass and nutrient removal over 3 years in a constructed wetland in Cairns, Australia." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (2001): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0844.

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The surface flow wetland in Cairns, Australia consists of 3 linear channels each 65 m long. Channels 1 and 2 are 5 m wide and Channel 3 is 15 m wide. The wetland was constructed in 1994 and band planted with emergent macrophyte species and alternating open water sections. The wetland was monitored for plant growth and nutrient removal until 1997. During that period HRT was 16 days in Channel 1 and 10 days in Channels 2 and 3; mass loading rates were 2.4 kg Total N and 2.0 kg Total P ha-1 d-1 in Channel 1 and 3.7 kg TN and 3.3 kg TP ha-1 d-1 in Channels 2 and 3. The aim of this work was to dete

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18

Rozovskij, B. H. "SHOULD ANY THIEVES BE IN JAIL?" Economics and Law, no. 2 (August 9, 2022): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2022.02.067.

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Since biblical times, there have been naturally disobedient to the law. With the advent of the state, many such violations are classified as a crime, and the guilty are punished. For a long time, these were the cruelest types of execution, which are even scary to remember. Nowadays, we call the society in which we live civilized. However, let it be without additional torture, but the death penalty is preserved in some states, the requirements for its application are expanding in the world. Paradoxically, behind the debates about the permissibility or inadmissibility of the death penalty, an un

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19

Anyi, Amy. "Between Intent and Illness: A Look at Malingering vs. Factitious Behaviours." BJPsych Open 11, S1 (2025): S292. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.10705.

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Aims: Presented is a 33-year-old gentleman with a diagnosis of emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) well-known to mental health services, including inpatient, community, liaison, and psychological care teams, with a long-standing history of self-harm and suicide attempts, which included deliberately placing himself in high-risk public areas which have at times resulted in detention under mental health legislation.Methods: Over the past several years, this gentleman has fabricated claims of a cancer diagnosis, terminal prognosis, and multiple surgical procedures – assertions refuted

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20

Ling, Siew, and Joji George. "Are acute psychiatric units providing adequate inpatient services for borderline personality disorder patients?" BJPsych Open 7, S1 (2021): S330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.867.

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AimsTo assess the adherence to NICE guidelines CG78 (1.4) regarding the inpatient services provided for BPD patients at an acute psychiatric unit (The Oleaster).Borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients are frequent users of psychiatric inpatient services. However, evidence suggests that inpatient treatment is ineffective in the long-term recovery of such patients. The inpatient services at the Oleaster will be audited against NICE guidelines for BPD. We hope to improve the care of patients with BPD and ensure effective use of psychiatric resources.MethodRetrospective case notes review of

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21

Maria Ejchart-Dubois and Monika Markowska. "Pełnoletniość więzienna – strategie adaptacji do długoterminowej izolacji na podstawie analizy przypadków trzech kobiet najdłużej odbywających karę dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności w Polsce." Archives of Criminology, no. XXXIX (January 2, 2017): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2017i.

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According to Polish Penitentiary Service statistics, there were 2131 women serving sentences in Polish prisons as of January 2016, 400 of whom had been convicted for homicide. 13 were serving life sentences. The article describes our research on three women who were the first to be sentenced to life imprisonment in Poland and have already served 19 years of their sentences. During this time, each was transferred to another penitentiary facility at least a couple of times, and changed cells and cellmates several times. Each encountered several dozen educators, psychologists, wardens, and prison

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BARRY, Mamdouh Gh A., and Owda S. A. HAMAEL. "ADMINISTRATIVE DETENTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF THE CHILDREN OF PALESTINIAN ADMINISTRATIVE PRISONERS FROM THE PRISONERS’ POINT OF VIEW: THE WEST BANK AS A MODEL." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 05 (2022): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.19.12.

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The study is concerned with an aspect related to the field of education, as it is concerned with the issue of educational attainment by the children of administrative prisoners in the Israeli occupation prisons, because of this social group of clear repercussions on the Palestinian society, and because this category has the importance it occupies from the nature of the age stage experienced by the children of administrative prisoners, including The stages of childhood that we can reduce to the primary and basic school stage, followed by the secondary school stage, and extend to university stud

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Khan, Rummana. "A haven for an extremely disturbed young person." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (2021): S116—S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.340.

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ObjectiveThe reason to share this case is to high light the lack of resources in mental health services which can delay the provision of appropriate care and this can have negative impact on child health outcomes.BackgroundA 10-year-old boy was referred to CAMHS. He presented with extremely challenging behaviours. After first appointment with CAMHS he attacked his father and nurses. He had to be restrained multiple times. He started to use wooden chair as a weapon, threatened to harm others and threatened to urinate on staff. He tried to kill him-self by ligature. Mental health act assessment

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24

Macdonald, R. J., and A. Ernst. "Disinfection Efficiency and Problems Associated with Maturation Ponds." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 10 (1986): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0107.

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Reductions in densities of indicator organisms and pathogens were measured in maturation ponds receiving secondary effluents from trickling filter and activated sludge treatment works. Effluent detention times in the ponds were determined using dye tracing techniques and compared with nominal detention times calculated from pond volumes and effluent flow rates. Median detention times were substantially less than nominal times because of short circuiting due to pond design aspects and thermal stratification. Maturation ponds of 10 days median detention time were found to successfully disinfect

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Macdonald, R. J., and A. Ernst. "Disinfection Efficiency and Problems Associated with Maturation Ponds." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 3-4 (1987): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0235.

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Reductions in densities of indicator organisms and pathogens were measured in maturation ponds receiving secondary effluents from trickling filter and activated sludge treatment works. Effluent detention times in the ponds were determined using dye tracing techniques and compared with nominal detention times calculated from pond volumes and effluent flow rates. Median detention times were substantially less than nominal times because of short circuiting due to pond design aspects and thermal stratification. Maturation ponds of 10 days median detention time were found to successfully disinfect

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Hershkoff, Helen, and Judith Resnik. "Constraining and Licensing Arbitrariness: The Stakes in Debates about Substantive-Procedural Due Process." SMU Law Review 76, no. 3 (2023): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/smulr.76.3.12.

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“Due process,” unmodified by the words “substantive” or “procedural,” has long marked the obligation of federal and state governments to protect individuals against arbitrary and unfettered uses of state power. Constitutional guarantees of rights to remedies and access to court date back centuries and, during the twentieth century, were reread to include all persons regardless of race, gender, and class. Moreover, the need for governments to legitimate their own decisions propelled interpretations of the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments in conjunction with evolving in

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Singh, Swaran P., Nan Greenwood, Sarah White, and Rachel Churchill. "Ethnicity and the Mental Health Act 1983." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, no. 2 (2007): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.030346.

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BackgroundBlack and minority ethnic (BME) patients are disproportionately detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. There has been no systematic exploration of differences within and between ethnic groups, nor of the explanations put forward for this excess.AimsTo systematically review detention and ethnicity, with meta-analyses of detention rates for BME groups, and to explore the explanations offered for ethnic differences in detention rates.MethodLiterature search and metaanalysis. Explanations offered were categorised, supporting literature was accessed and the strength of the evidence ev

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Watts, John S. "Detention of children is needed at times." BJPsych Bulletin 40, no. 2 (2016): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.40.2.106.

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Mangiaracina, Annalisa. "The Long Route Towards a Widespread European Culture of Alternatives to Immigration Detention." European Journal of Migration and Law 18, no. 2 (2016): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12342098.

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The aim of this article is to provide an analysis of the application by some European Union countries of alternative measures to detention of migrants. Sections 2 and 3 indicate, in line with European normatives and with detention being a measure of last resort, that Member States having ascertained that there are grounds for the detention of migrants, should evaluate whether the aims pursued can be achieved through a less coercive measure which respects the fundamental rights of individuals. Unfortunately, as examined in Section 4, analysis of most European countries’ law reveals an unsatisfa

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Hingray, B., E. Monbaron, I. Jarrar, A. C. Favre, D. Consuegra, and A. Musy. "Stochastic generation and disaggregation of hourly rainfall series for continuous hydrological modelling and flood control reservoir design." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (2002): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0035.

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In the urban environment, stormwater detention basins are a powerful means to limit the frequency of sewer system failures and consecutive urban flooding. To design such waterworks or to check their efficiency, it is possible to carry out continuous rainfall-runoff modelling. A long-term discharge series obtained from a long-term rainfall series is used as input for a storage model describing the detention basin behaviour: the basin behaviour may be consequently studied over a long period. The provided statistical information on the working state frequency, failure frequency, … of the detentio

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Gilman, Denise, and Luis A. Romero. "Immigration Detention, Inc." Journal on Migration and Human Security 6, no. 2 (2018): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502418765414.

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This article addresses the influence of economic inequality on immigration detention. The US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) detains roughly 350,000 migrants each year and maintains more than 30,000 beds each day. This massive detention system raises issues of economic power and powerlessness. This article connects, for the first time, the influence of economic inequality on system-wide immigration detention policy as well as on individual detention decisions. The article begins with a description of the systemic impact that for-profit prisons have had on the federal immigration detentio

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Deng, Qingyue, and Zheng Wan. "Long-Term or Short-Term? Prediction of Ship Detention Duration Based on Machine Learning." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 12 (2024): 2220. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122220.

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The prevalence of ship deficiencies continues to be a significant issue. Data from the Tokyo Memorandum of Understanding reveals that ship detentions in 2023 surged by more than 80% compared with the previous year. The significant number of detained ships not only disrupts ships’ daily operations but also strains port resources, leading to increased additional costs. In light of this issue, predicting the duration of ship detention becomes crucial, as accurate predictions can assist port managers in resource allocation and provide shipping companies with critical information for operational pl

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Bull, Melissa, Emily Schindeler, David Berkeman, and Janet Ransley. "A Demography and Taxonomy of Long-term Immigration Detention in Australia." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 2, no. 1 (2013): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v2i1.93.

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The practice of long-term immigration detention is a relatively recent aspect of Australian Government policy. There has been much debate about the wisdom of such policy, raising concerns regarding the health of detainees, the dereliction of human rights, and the legal robustness of such practice. Despite considerable interest, little detail is available describing who is being held and the reasons for their long-term detention. This paper addresses this noticeable gap through a systematic analysis of the Commonwealth Ombudsman’s Immigration Reports over the period 2005 through 2009. From such

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Dell, S., G. Robertson, and E. Parker. "Detention in Broadmoor." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 6 (1987): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.824.

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When the length of stay of restricted patients admitted to Broadmoor under the legal category of psychopathic disorder was examined, the factor found to be of primary importance was the gravity of the admission offence. If the men's offences did not cause personal injury, they had a good chance of early release. Patients convicted of violent or sexual offences, and particularly those who attacked strangers, made up the great majority of the long-term group. For the mentally ill there was no relationship between length of stay and admission offence: instead the data suggested that severity and

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Gaman, Teodora. "Pre-trial detention. Motion for pre-trial detention." Eximia 11 (August 8, 2023): 447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eximia.v11i1.318.

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The crime is the most serious antisocial act that entails the application of criminal law and sanctions specific to criminal law, thus occupying a special place within the field of violations of the norms of behavior established by law. The repressive action of public authorities to restore the rule of law is and must be conditional and clearly delineated, ensuring that individual freedom is protected and that no innocent person is affected. Justice has the role of deciding situations arising from the violation of laws since ancient times. For social life to be conducted in accordance with the

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Shammaa, Y., D. Z. Zhu, L. L. Gyürék, and C. W. Labatiuk. "Effectiveness of dry ponds for stormwater total suspended solids removal." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 2 (2002): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-008.

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This paper reviews the factors and criteria for the design of new and the retrofitting of existing dry detention ponds to enhance removal of total suspended solids (TSS) from stormwater. Detention time is discussed as the most important factor affecting TSS removal. Two-stage facilities and multi-level outlet design are important means of enhancing TSS removal in dry ponds. Two dry ponds within the city of Edmonton were selected to evaluate their TSS removal. The level of expected TSS removal is low owing to the relatively short detention times for both ponds. Methods for retrofitting the dry

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Torrey, Philip. "Rethinking Immigration’s Mandatory Detention Regime: Politics, Profit, and the Meaning of “Custody”." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 48.4 (2015): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.48.4.rethinking.

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Immigration detention in the United States is a crisis that needs immediate attention. U.S. immigration detention facilities hold a staggering number of persons. Widely believed to have the largest immigration detention population in the world, the United States detained approximately 478,000 foreign nationals in Fiscal Year 2012. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the agency responsible for immigration enforcement, boasts that the figure is “an all-time high.” In some ways, these numbers are unsurprising, considering that the United States incarcerates approximately one in every

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Petersen, Nick. "Do Detainees Plead Guilty Faster? A Survival Analysis of Pretrial Detention and the Timing of Guilty Pleas." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 7 (2019): 1015–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419838020.

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Although numerous quantitative studies have linked pretrial detention to increased conviction rates, the precise mechanisms linking these decisions remain unclear. Qualitative studies shed light on these processes, revealing that many detainees plead guilty quickly to escape the pains of detention, including poor confinement conditions, strained work or family relations, and “dead time.” Moreover, these pressures to plead are often exacerbated by uncertain detention length, time-sensitive “exploding” plea deals, and temporal discounting. Utilizing data on felony defendants from large urban cou

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Clancey, Garner, Jedidiah Evans, and Leili Friedlander. "Some long-term positive trends in youth detention in New South Wales (Australia)." Safer Communities 22, no. 1 (2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-06-2022-0023.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to highlight some long-term positive trends in youth detention in New South Wales (NSW) (Australia). Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a review of major inquiries into youth detention in NSW over the last 40 years and analysis of recently published youth custody statistics. Findings There have been a number of positive long-term trends in youth detention in NSW, including a significant reduction in the number of young people held in custody, including the number (as opposed to the proportion) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young p

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von Sperling, M., and L. C. A. M. Mascarenhas. "Performance of very shallow ponds treating effluents from UASB reactors." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 12 (2005): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0432.

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Polishing ponds are units conceived for the post-treatment of the effluents from anaerobic reactors, are designed as maturation ponds, and aim at a further removal of organic matter and a high removal of pathogenic organisms. The paper investigates the performance of four very shallow (H = 0.40 m) polishing ponds in series, with very low detention times (1.4–2.5 days in each pond), treating anaerobic effluent from the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The system was able to achieve excellent results in terms of BOD and E. coli removal, and good results in terms of ammonia removal, allowing compl

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Barde, Robert, and Gustavo J. Bobonis. "Detention at Angel Island." Social Science History 30, no. 1 (2006): 103–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013407.

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Between 1910 and 1940 the Angel Island Immigration Station was the primary port of entry for Asians into the United States, the place of enforcement of the Chinese Exclusion Act and other anti-Asian immigration policies. Even in the absence of substantiating data, it is frequently asserted that almost all entering Chinese were detained at Angel Island and that they were detained for weeks, months, even years. This article presents the first empirical evidence on how long people arriving at San Francisco were detained at the Angel Island Immigration Station. The use of newly discovered data on

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Karya So Immanuel Gort, Rufinus Hotmaulana Hutauruk, and F. Yudi Priyo Amboro. "URGENSI PENYESUAIAN KEBIJAKAN PENERIMAAN TAHANAN RUTAN KOTA BATAM PADA MASA ENDEMI COVID-19." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 8, no. 2 (2022): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v8i2.51031.

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The high impact of COVID-19 requires the Government to issue a policy on limiting the number of prisoners. This study aims to find out the rules regarding the mechanism for accepting new prisoners by the Batam Detention Center due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the impact of delays in accepting new prisoners by the Detention Center due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the extent of readiness of law enforcement officers and policy concepts and solutions for accepting prisoners during endemic times. covid-19 by the Batam Rutan. This research method is normative juridical, with the results of receiving priso

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Shin, Hyun Chul, Beom Suk Kim, Hyung Suk So, Yeong Seok Yoo, and Jong Bo Kim. "Quality Characteristics of MSWI Ash Melted Slag by Crystallization." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.609.

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This study was conducted to investigate on crystallization condition and its effect on quality of melted slag that was made from incineration ash of domestic waste. By increasing operating temperature, good crystallization was developed and 900~1,000°C was proved optimal. Longer detention time made better crystallization development, and critical detention time was 3 hour. But too a long detention time caused residual stress by mutual interference of long crystals. Cooling rate might affect the quality of crystallization, but below 5°C/min had no difference. For quality and economics, minimum

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Abbon, Thomas. "PENAHANAN DAN PENANGGUHAN PENAHANAN DALAM TEORI DAN PRAKTEK." to-ra 4, no. 1 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/tora.v4i1.1171.

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Abstract  The issue of upholding the rule of law is a chore that must be resolved by the current government. The state and nation have been disadvantaged from all aspects, because in the end the harassment of the law has given rise to corruption, collusion and nepotism. One of the things that stands out about law enforcement is the issue of detention and suspension of detention and sentencing that has to do with detention. The problem of detention and the detention in practice so far has been widely distorted by unscrupulous law enforcers and this institution has become an "open bu

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Stefanelli, Justine N. "Detained during a Pandemic: Human Rights behind Locked Doors." Social Sciences 10, no. 7 (2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10070276.

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Every year, thousands of people are detained in United States immigration detention centers. Built to prison specifications and often run by private companies, these detention centers have long been criticized by academics and advocacy groups. Problems such as overcrowding and lack of access to basic healthcare and legal representation have plagued individuals in detention centers for years. These failings have been illuminated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disproportionately impacted detained migrants. Against a human rights backdrop, this article will examine how the U.S. immigration d

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Mally, Andy, Gary Hunter, Kathi Barrett, and Tom Walz. "Reliable Disinfection without Tertiary Filtration and Low Detention Times." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2012, no. 11 (2012): 4738–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864712811709265.

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Ryo, Emily. "Understanding Immigration Detention: Causes, Conditions, and Consequences." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 15, no. 1 (2019): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042743.

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During the summer of 2018, the US government detained thousands of migrant parents and their separated children pursuant to its zero-tolerance policy at the United States–Mexico border. The ensuing media storm generated unprecedented public awareness about immigration detention. The recency of this public attention belies a long-standing immigration enforcement practice that has generated a growing body of research in the past couple of decades. I take stock of this research, focusing on the causes, conditions, and consequences of immigration detention in the United States. I also discuss crit

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Gilley, John E. "Surface Detention on Cropland, Rangeland, and Conservation Reserve Program Areas." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 3 (2018): 955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12569.

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Abstract. One of the factors contributing to overland flow on upland areas is water stored temporarily in a thin sheet on the soil surface as surface detention. This study was conducted to quantify surface detention on selected cropland, rangeland, and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sites. Surface detention was determined from the recession portion of runoff hydrographs corresponding with the period when rainfall had ceased but runoff continued. The hydrographs were generated from six previously reported rainfall simulation studies conducted on paired 3.7 m wide × 10.7 m long plots on whic

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Woodbury, B. L., M. F. Dahab, P. Miháltz, and Zs Csikor. "Evaluation of reversible fixed-film static-bed bio-denitrification reactors." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 1 (1998): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0074.

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This paper reports the results of a study to investigate the performance of fixed-film two-stage reversible bio-denitrification reactors operated at very short detention times for the removal of nitrates from contaminated groundwater. The results demonstrate that these systems imparted lower concentrations of organics and suspended solids into the treated effluent than traditional single-stage systems while maintaining higher levels of nitrate removal rates at HRT values as low as 30 minutes. The lower detention times translate into substantial reductions in capital cost on scaled-up systems.

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Schneider, Irene. "Imprisonment in Pre-Classical and Classical Islamic Law." Islamic Law and Society 2, no. 2 (1995): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568519952599367.

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AbstractImprisonment, a generally accepted form of punishment in modern legal systems, existed also in Islamic law in the pre-classical and classical periods (second-sixth/eighth-thirteenth centuries), although Muslim jurists devoted only limited attention to the subject and Islamicists have largely ignored it. Muslim jurists of pre-classical and classical times concentrated their attention on pre-trial and administrative detention, especially imprisonment for debt. The jurists mention punitive detention as a supplementary measure that was enacted mostly in conjunction with corporal punishment

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