Relevant bibliographies by topics / Longitudinal force

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Longitudinal force'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Longitudinal force"

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Zhou, Haichao, Huiyun Li, Jian Yang, Qingyun Chen, Guolin Wang, Tong Han, Jieyu Ren, and Te Ma. "A Strain-Based Method to Estimate Longitudinal Force for Intelligent Tires by Using a Physics-Based Model." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.7068.

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Tires are essential components of vehicles and the only vehicle components in contact with the road. The tire longitudinal force originating from the contact between the tire and road can enhance traction and braking and contribute to the directional stability of vehicles. If the longitudinal tire force can be accurately estimated, vehicle safety can be improved. This study established a longitudinal tire physics-based model combining the brush model with the flexible ring model to develop a strain-based intelligent tire system for estimating the longitudinal tire force. The developed longitudinal dynamic model was used to study tire strain characteristics under pure longitudinal slip conditions. An algorithm was developed for estimating the longitudinal tire force through feature extraction and data fitting of the tire strain. A finite-element tire model was established to simulate the longitudinal force. Comparing the simulated and estimated forces indicated that the proposed algorithm can accurately predict the longitudinal force of intelligent tires and thus provide useful information to vehicle stability control systems.
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Wu, Qing, Yan Sun, Maksym Spiryagin, and Colin Cole. "Railway track longitudinal force model." Vehicle System Dynamics 59, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2019.1673445.

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Bai, Bing, Ze Yu Wu, and Xiao Shan Deng. "Longitudinal Seismic Forces of Long-Span Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1134.

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Based on the numerical simulation and finite element method, the longitudinal seismic action of a long-span continuous bridge is systematically analyzed. Four load cases are considered, i.e. bridge without piers, bridge with piers, neglecting friction force and combining friction force and pier scouring respectively. Calculation results show that: when considering the piers, the contribution of piers to bridge longitudinal seismic forces is depending on the concrete problems; when the friction force of rubber supports is regarded, sliding support greatly enhances the longitudinal overall rigidity of the bridge, but the force is resolved to each rubber support and can improve the stress state of the fixed support; considering effect of scouring, the elongation of piers will lead to the decrease of longitudinal overall rigidity, thereby lowering the longitudinal seismic forces. From comparison of the two piers that, the relatively flexible structure has shock absorption to a certain extent, so it is more suitable for the bridge.
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Mokhiamar, O., and M. Abe. "Experimental verification using a driving simulator of the effect of simultaneous optimal distribution of tyre forces for active vehicle handling control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x6461.

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Both theoretical and experimental studies are carried out in order to prove the effect of the simultaneous optimum distribution of lateral and longitudinal tyre forces on enhancement of vehicle handling and stability assuming that all four wheels can be independently steered and driven/braked. A driving simulator is used as an experimental instrument to investigate the effect of the optimum tyre force distribution control. The inputs to the optimization process are the driver's commands (steering wheel angle and foot brake pressure/accelerator pedal pressure), while the outputs are lateral and longitudinal forces on all four wheels. Lateral and longitudinal tyre forces cannot be chosen arbitrarily, but must satisfy certain specified equality constraints. The equality constraints are related to the required total longitudinal force, total lateral force and total yaw moment to achieve a given vehicle motion. The total lateral force and total moment required are introduced using the model responses of side-slip angle and yaw rate to the driver's steering input, while the total longitudinal force is computed according to the driver's command (traction/braking). The results of either computer simulation or a driving simulator show that the influence of the proposed optimum tyre force distribution control on vehicle performance enhancement is significantly apparent. Furthermore, driving simulator results show very good agreement with the computer simulation results presented.
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Mokhiamar, Ossama, and Masato Abe. "Simultaneous Optimal Distribution of Lateral and Longitudinal Tire Forces for the Model Following Control." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1850533.

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This paper presents a proposed optimum tire force distribution method in order to optimize tire usage and find out how the tires should share longitudinal and lateral forces to achieve a target vehicle response under the assumption that all four wheels can be independently steered, driven, and braked. The inputs to the optimization process are the driver’s commands (steering wheel angle, accelerator pedal pressure, and foot brake pressure), while the outputs are lateral and longitudinal forces on all four wheels. Lateral and longitudinal tire forces cannot be chosen arbitrarily, they have to satisfy certain specified equality constraints. The equality constraints are related to the required total longitudinal force, total lateral force, and total yaw moment. The total lateral force and total moment required are introduced using the model responses of side-slip angle and yaw rate while the total longitudinal force is computed according to driver’s command (traction or braking). A computer simulation of a closed-loop driver-vehicle system subjected to evasive lane change with braking is used to prove the significant effects of the proposed optimal tire force distribution method on improving the limit handling performance. The robustness of the vehicle motion with the proposed control against the coefficient of friction variation as well as the effect of steering wheel angle amplitude is discussed.
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Haosheng, Chen, Chen Darong, and Li Yongjian. "Investigation on Effect of Surface Roughness Pattern to Drag Force Reduction Using Rotary Rheometer." Journal of Tribology 128, no. 1 (September 16, 2005): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2125969.

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A drag force reduction experiment is performed on polyoxyethylene (PEO) water solution using a rotary rheometer. Longitudinal, transverse, and isotropic grooves are notched on the rotor’s surface to investigate the effect of surface roughness patterns. The experiment results show that higher drag force is generated on the surface with transverse grooves compared with the drag force on a smooth surface, while lower drag force is generated on the surface with longitudinal grooves. The drag force on the surface with isotropic grooves is between them. Forces on the side wall of the grooves play important roles in drag force reduction. They are numerically analyzed based on the Navier-Stokes equation using the finite volume method. The viscous force on the groove’s bottom plane is far less than the force on the corresponding plane of the smooth surface, but the drag force on the groove’s surface is compensated either by the pressure drag on the side walls of the transverse groove or by the viscous force on the side walls of the longitudinal groove. The pressure drag on side wall of transverse groove is always higher than the viscous force on side wall of longitudinal groove. The numerical results cope with the experiment results that only the surface with longitudinal grooves can reduce the drag force.
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Petrov, Anatoliy, Andriy Paliy, Artem Naumenko, Serhii Sheptun, Maryna Ihnatenko, Ivan Vysochin, Yana Kononenko, Oksana Yurchenko, Tetiana Dedilova, and Anatoliy Paliy. "Improving the algorithm of choosing spacing and number of stiff supports against a concentrated force in steel-concrete beams." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 7 (110) (April 30, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.228862.

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A steel-concrete beam was taken as the study object. The algorithm of selecting the number of stiff supports for the steel-concrete beam loaded with a concentrated lateral force in the middle of the span has been refined. Stiff supports served to join the steel strip with concrete to ensure their joint performance. The algorithm was refined based on the condition of equality of the longitudinal force in the steel strip from the action of the calculated load and the maximum longitudinal force obtained after setting the supports. In this case, the longitudinal forces in all stiff supports, as well as the spacing of the stiff supports should be the same. A disadvantage of the known algorithm consists in the complexity of determining the coefficient φb2 taking into account the effect of long-term concrete creep on the element deformation without cracks. This coefficient fluctuates widely and depends on many factors. Besides, it is also insufficiently studied. Calculations for determining the number and spacing of stiff supports in a steel-concrete beam were conducted according to the proposed algorithm and in the Lira software package. The forces acting on the supports and spacing of the supports were the same. The force acting in the support was 8941.5 N. When selecting characteristics of the steel-concrete beam, maximum longitudinal force in the steel strip was obtained. The longitudinal force amounted to 35726 N. The same longitudinal force was obtained from the diagram of longitudinal forces obtained after setting the supports. This study was aimed at improving the design of steel-concrete beams. A rational number and placement of stiff supports ensure savings: the required amount of building materials is reduced and their cost is reduced due to cutting labor costs for their manufacture and operation
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Jamshidi, Rasa, and Ali A. Jafari. "Evaluating actuator distributions in simply supported truncated thin conical shell with embedded piezoelectric layers." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 12 (May 1, 2018): 2641–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18770905.

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In this investigation, distributed modal actuator forces of simply supported truncated conical shell embedded by a piezoelectric layer are studied. Piezoelectric layer is distributed on the conical shell surface as actuators. Three types of distributions are considered: longitudinal, circumferential, and diagonal distributions. First, electromechanical equations of the conical shell with embedded piezoelectric actuator layer are extracted. Then modal expansion method is used to define independent modal characteristics of the conical shell. For each kind of distribution, three case studies are considered and evaluated. Results showed that in the longitudinal and diagonal distributed actuator, membrane force in the longitudinal direction is the dominant force and in the circumferential distributed actuator, the membrane force in the circumferential direction is the dominant force. The effects of cone angle, piezoelectric thickness, and piezoelectric layer segmentation on modal forces of each distributed actuator are also studied. In circumferential distributed actuator, modal forces increase as the cone angle increases. This phenomenon in the longitudinal and diagonal distributed actuator is almost reversed. The piezoelectric layer segmentation effect on the modal forces distribution is also evaluated, and it showed that this phenomenon has a critical effect on the modal forces distribution.
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Tang, Jian-Ming, and D. J. Thouless. "Longitudinal force on a moving potential." Physical Review B 58, no. 21 (December 1, 1998): 14179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.58.14179.

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Ding, Li Fen, and Ji Long Xie. "Research on the Effect of Traction Tonnage on Train Longitudinal Impact." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.466.

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The traction tonnage has important effect on train longitudinal impact. An integrated model of train longitudinal dynamics was established based on simulation and test results. The effect of the traction tonnage on train longitudinal dynamics was investigated through modeling different types of heavy-haul trains. The model was validated by using measured longitudinal force time histories from on-track tests. Case study shows that the traction tonnage has significant influence on train longitudinal impact; Train longitudinal force increases with traction tonnage. The relationships between the maximum coupler forces (including tensile and compressive forces) and traction tonnage were obtained with the least square method for cases of train under emergency baking and release condition. The established train longitudinal dynamics model provides a platform for car body and coupler structure optimization and train control.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Longitudinal force"

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Stahl, Aaron L. "Experimental Measurements of Longitudinal Load Distributions on Friction Stir Weld Pin Tools." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1018.pdf.

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Kavanaugh, Ashley A. "Longitudinal Changes in Strength and Explosive Performance Characteristics in NCAA Division I Women’s Volleyball Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2315.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to determine if a periodized strength and conditioning program resulted in long-term adaptations in NCAA Division I women’s volleyball athletes, and if these changes related to the team’s competitive performance. Specifically, this dissertation serves to: 1.) describe the changes in body composition and performance variables of 2 female volleyball athletes over a 4-year collegiate career, 2.) determine the degree and magnitude of change in performance variables after about 1, 2, and 3 years of periodized resistance training, and 3.) infer if volleyball performance characteristics are related to a team’s competitive success. The following are major findings of this dissertation. 1.) Positive changes in vertical jump height, strength, and explosiveness may be possible throughout 4 years of collegiate volleyball training even with increased body mass and percent body fat. Moreover, impaired ability to perform heavy lower-body resistance training exercises due to chronic injury negatively impacts long-term physical performance adaptations over 4 years. 2.) A combination of traditional resistance training exercises and weightlifting variations at various loads, in addition to volleyball practice, appear to be effective at increasing maximal strength by 44% and vertical jump height by 20%-30% in NCAA Division I women’s volleyball athletes after about two and half years of training. Furthermore, these characteristics can be improved in the absence of additional plyometric training outside of normal volleyball-specific practice. 3.) A rating percentage index RPI ranking ratio and unweighted match score ratio appear to be better predictors of overall team competitive season success than a weighted match score ratio. On the contrary, a weighted match score ratio may be better for determining an association between team match performance and volleyball-specific fitness. A considerable amount of research is needed to develop a volleyball-specific performance index that best quantifies team performance and whether or not a measurable association exists between improved fitness characteristics and increased overall team competitive success. The findings of this dissertation provide evidence that analyzing and monitoring volleyball-related performance variables over time can assist the sport performance group in making training based decisions as well as promote the successful development of an athlete.
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Castelo, Paula Midori 1978. "Variaveis morfologicas e funcionais do sistema estomatognatico em crianças com oclusão normal e mordida cruzada posterior : estudo longitudinal." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287960.

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Orientador: Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T05:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castelo-Ferrua_PaulaMidori_D.pdf: 3586308 bytes, checksum: 1ca8ad5652e9e92a602e954daadbf136 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A manutenção de condições normais da função mastigatória é determinante para o correto crescimento e desenvolvimento de suas estruturas. Assim, três estudos foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de avaliar crianças na fase de dentição decídua completa e mista inicial com oclusão normal e mordida cruzada posterior funcional. As variáveis estudadas foram: máxima força de mordida, espessura ultra-sonográfica dos músculos masseter e porção anterior do temporal no repouso (RE) e máxima intercuspidação (MI), morfologia e assimetria facial por meio de fotografias frontais padronizadas; correlacionando-as entre si e com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e buscando determinar as mudanças decorrentes do desenvolvimento da dentição e do tratamento da maloclusão. O primeiro estudo (transversal, n=67) buscou avaliar a influência de hábitos de sucção na presença de mordida cruzada e sua correlação com a força de mordida, morfologia e assimetria facial e variáveis corporais. Observou-se que crianças na fase inicial da dentição mista com mordida cruzada apresentaram menor força de mordida em comparação àquelas com oclusão normal. Na dentição decídua, crianças com mordida cruzada apresentaram faces proporcionalmente mais longas; não foi observada assimetria facial significativa entre os dois tipos de oclusão (teste ¿t¿ Student). Variáveis corporais apresentaram correlação significativa com a força de mordida apenas no grupo de dentição decídua com mordida cruzada (correlação de Pearson). Na dentição decídua, a tendência ao padrão de face longa e a ausência de aleitamento natural por pelo menos seis meses associou-se significativamente à ocorrência de mordida cruzada (regressão logística múltipla). Na dentição mista, a menor força de mordida e ausência de aleitamento natural apresentaram associação positiva com a presença da maloclusão (regressão logística univariada). Já a sucção não-nutritiva mostrou estar relacionada à ocorrência de mordida cruzada em ambas as dentições. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Masticatory function is able to influence directly the craniofacial growth and development. In this way, three studies were carried out to evaluate morphological and functional variables of the stomatognatic system in young children with normal occlusion and functional posterior crossbite. Maximum bite force, ultrasonographic thickness of masseter and anterior portion of the temporalis muscles during rest (RE) and maximal intercuspation (MI), and facial morphology and asymmetry by frontal photographs were evaluated, and correlations with body mass index (BMI) were performed to determine morphological and functional changes during normal occlusion development and the correction of the malocclusion. The first one (transversal, n=67) evaluated the influence of sucking habits in the presence of crossbite and its correlation with bite force, facial morphology and asymmetry and body variables. Children in the early mixed dentition with crossbite showed lower bite force magnitude than those with normal occlusion. In the deciduous dentition, children with crossbite showed a long-face tendency, but it was not observed significant facial asymmetry between normal and crossbite groups (t-test). Body variables only presented significant correlation with bite force in the deciduous group with crossbite (Pearson correlation test). In the deciduous dentition, the long-face tendency and the absence of breast-feeding for at least 6 months were significantly associated with crossbite (logistic multiple regression). In the mixed dentition, lower bite force and absence of breast-feeding showed positive association with malocclusion (univariate logistic regression). In both stages of the dentition, nonnutritive sucking habit that persisted up to the age of three years showed to be associated with crossbite (multiple logistic regression). ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Doutorado
Fisiologia Oral
Doutor em Odontologia
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Fileni, Renan Hollanda. "\"Estudo longitudinal da força de mordida em pacientes portadores de próteses parciais fixas sobre implantes osseointegrados: comparação entre áreas dentadas e implantadas\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23137/tde-11052007-140243/.

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A proposta deste estudo foi analisar o desenvolvimento da força máxima de mordida em um grupo de pacientes que recebeu próteses parciais fixas sobre implantes (PPFSI) nas regiões de molares, pré-molares até caninos e incisivos antagonizando com dentes naturais e comparar os resultados obtidos com as áreas dentadas do mesmo grupo de pacientes, durante um período de 64 meses (5,3 anos). As forças de mordida foram medidas em cinco regiões da boca: molares em ambos os lados, pré-molares ou caninos em ambos os lados e incisivos; nas áreas de próteses sobre implantes e também nas áreas de dentes naturais. Para tanto, foi usado um transdutor medidor de força de mordida, que tem como princípio de funcionamento uma célula de força colada a um garfo de mordida, amplamente usado na literatura e sempre operado pelo pesquisador. As medições foram feitas imediatamente após a instalação das próteses, 3, 30 e 64 meses depois. Comparando o desenvolvimento das forças de mordida entre as áreas implantadas e de dentes naturais encontra-se já no primeiro controle, após 3 meses de instalação, um aumento das forças de mordida nas próteses sobre implantes instaladas na região de molares que supera as forças desenvolvidas por dentes naturais na mesma região. Para as próteses instaladas na área de incisivos, ao contrário, não foi registrado aumento estatístico destas forças, havendo uma tendência em permanecerem menores quando comparadas às forças desenvolvidas nas mesmas regiões por dentes naturais. Na região de pré-molares ou caninos não houve aumento estatístico de força nas PPFSI. Quando analisadas as áreas dentadas dos pacientes, não houve mudança estatística de força de mordida em nenhuma das regiões durante todo o experimento.
This study proposal was to analyse the changes on the maximal bite force on a patients sample who had implant-supported partial fixed prosthesis (FPP) installed and the results were compared to the ones obtained from the dentate areas on the same sample. Sixteen patients were followed for sixty-four months (5.3 years) and the bite forces were measured on the mouth regions which the prosthesis were installed (molars and premolars up to canines and incisors regions). This measured occurred on five regions of the mouth: both side molars, pre-molars or canines and incisives; either on the places it had a implant as well as on the natural teeth area. In order to do that, it was used as a measuring device, a largely used apparatus which consisted of a biting fork provided with a strain gauge. The bite forces recordings were made at the time of prosthesis installation, after 3, 30 and 64 months thereafter. It was found a bite force increase in the initial period of 3 months after the prosthesis installation in the area of FPP in the molar regions. In this period the bite forces became higher than in dentate situation in the same region and it manteined on this level until the final of the experiment. Comparing the bite straight development between the implanted areas and the natural teeth areas, we found a bite force increased on the prostheses installed over the molars region that overcome the straight development for natural teeth on the same area. On the other hand, for the prostheses installed on the incisive areas, we had not found a statistical straight increased. Actually, it was a tendency to keep smaller than the straight developed on the same regions by natural teeth. On premolars regions or canines, there was not a straight statistical increased on PPFSI. When we analyze the patients? teeth areas, there was not a statistical bite increase on any of the premolars or canines regions during the entire experiment.
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Widarda, Dina Rubiana. "Longitudinal forces in continuously welded rails due to nonlinear track-bridge interaction for loading sequences." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1238081328011-05497.

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The use of continuously welded rails (CWR) governs the longitudinal stress caused by seasonal temperature changes, bending of supporting structure and braking/accelerating due to passing trains. Those three loads have been regulated in Eurocode1 and accomplished by the national codes like DIN Fb-101 in Germany. An additional loading case identified and treated in this thesis is the load due to a change of the coupling stiffness in longitudinal direction between the track and bridge. This additional load occurs as a consequence of the employment of a nonlinear stiffness law which increases the restoring force by a factor of 3 when the situation of the track changes from ‘unloaded’ to ‘loaded’ due to a passing train. This particular phenomenon has not been mentioned in the codes so far though it is a natural consequence of fundamental conditions in those codes. For CWR the longitudinal coupling between the rail and bridge plays an important role. This coupling interface is created either by a ballast, for a ballasted track, or by a fastening system in the case of slab track. The deformation state of the coupling interface characterizes the behaviour of the system, whether elastic or plastic. Therefore, the nonlinear behaviour is valid for the system. To accommodate the nonlinear nature, a sequential loading analysis is used, taking into account the loading history. As the change situation due to a passing train happens in a short time, the influence of the mass acceleration should be taken into account in the system’s equilibrium. This aspect is investigated by treating the dynamic load as an impulse-like load. However, a realistic load needs some time to affect the whole bridge, thus the continuous change of stiffness is used to simulate the dynamic analysis. There is a lack of information on determining the value of coupling stiffness in longitudinal direction caused by a passing train. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the coupling stiffness from field measurements in order to find reliable values. The implementation of the load onto several typical bridges shows that the change of the coupling stiffness increases the stresses and it should not be neglected. The evaluation of the load due to a change of the coupling stiffness accompanied by bending of the supporting structure gives satisfactory results by using the static analysis only. Thus, a dynamic analysis can be avoided. Multiple cycles of passing trains occurring after seasonal temperature change indicate a significant increase of elastic parts along the track-bridge coupling interface and a decrease in stresses in the rails. Thus the danger of deterioration is reduced significantly
Die Verwendung von durchgehend geschweißten Schienen auf Brücken führt zu zusätzlichen Längsspannungen infolge der Lastfälle jahreszeitliche Temperaturänderung, Brückendurchbiegung und Bremsen/Anfahren. Diese drei Lasten sind durch den Eurocode 1 vorgegeben und in die nationale deutsche Norm DIN Fb-101 integriert. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmals ein weiterer Lastfall identifiziert und behandelt, der durch den Wechsel der Koppelsteifigkeit in Längsrichtung zwischen Gleis und Tragwerk bei der Zugüberfahrt begründet wird. Dieser Lastfall wird hier mit „Ruck“ bezeichnet und ist eine zwangsläufige Konsequenz des nichtlinearen Längsverschiebewiderstandes, wie er im EC 1 und im DIN Fb-101 vorgegeben ist. Dennoch wurden die Auswirkungen auf das Systemverhalten bisher nicht untersucht. Bei einem Wechsel vom unbelasteten Gleis zum belasteten Gleis während einer Zugüberfahrt erhöht sich zum Beispiel der Längsverschiebewiderstand für ein Schottergleis um den Faktor 3! Die dadurch bedingte Veränderung des Zusammenwirkens zwischen Gleis und Tragwerk führt zu einer Veränderung des Systemzustandes und damit zu veränderten Schienenspannungen. Für durchgehend geschweißte Schienen spielt die Längskopplung zwischen Schiene und Brücke eine wesentliche Rolle. Beim Schottergleis wird sie dargestellt durch die Einbettung des Gleisrostes im Schotterbett im Zusammenwirken mit der Schienenbefestigung. Bei der festen Fahrbahn durch das Befestigungssystem. Für kleine Deformationen ist die Koppelsteifigkeit proportional zur Relativverschiebung zwischen Gleis und Brücke. Darüberhinaus geht das linear elastische Verhalten in ein quasi plastisches Verhalten mit konstanter Koppelkraft über. Folgerichtig ist die Behandlung einer Lastenfolge nur in inkrementeller Weise unter Einbeziehung der Verformungsgeschichte mechanisch korrekt. Die Lastfälle Bremsen/Anfahren, Brückendurchbiegung und Ruck ereignen sich nur während der Zugüberfahrt; also in relativ kurzer Zeit, dann allerdings mit einem erheblichen Lastgradienten. Somit stellt sich die Frage nach dem Einfluss der Massenbeschleunigungen, die in dieser Arbeit geklärt wird. Die im Fachbericht genanntenWerte für den Längsverschiebewiderstand des belasteten Gleises basieren auf einer relativ geringen Datenmenge. Aus diesem Grund werden die Messdaten einer umfangreichen Feldmessung mit Zugüberfahrten zu Aussagen über den Längsverschiebewiederstand herangezogen und die Problematik derartiger Messungen beleuchtet. Die unterschiedlichen Modellierungen des Lastfalls „Ruck“, einmal rein statisch und zum anderen dynamisch, ergeben übereinstimmende Schienenlängsspannungen für die statische und die kontinuierliche dynamische Variante. Somit kann auf die aufwändige dynamische Analyse verzichtet werden. Mehrere Zyklen von Zugüberfahrten im Anschluss an eine jahreszeitliche Temperaturänderung bewirken einen signifikanten Abbau der Durchrutschbereiche, also eine Erhöhung der elastischen Abschnitte in der Koppelfuge zwischen Bauwerk und Gleis verbunden mit einer Abnahme der Schienendruckspannungen. Somit hilft dieser Effekt dem System, der jahreszeitlichen Temperaturänderung zu widerstehen
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Widarda, Dina Rubiana. "Longitudinal forces in continuously welded rails due to nonlinear track-bridge interaction for loading sequences." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23616.

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The use of continuously welded rails (CWR) governs the longitudinal stress caused by seasonal temperature changes, bending of supporting structure and braking/accelerating due to passing trains. Those three loads have been regulated in Eurocode1 and accomplished by the national codes like DIN Fb-101 in Germany. An additional loading case identified and treated in this thesis is the load due to a change of the coupling stiffness in longitudinal direction between the track and bridge. This additional load occurs as a consequence of the employment of a nonlinear stiffness law which increases the restoring force by a factor of 3 when the situation of the track changes from ‘unloaded’ to ‘loaded’ due to a passing train. This particular phenomenon has not been mentioned in the codes so far though it is a natural consequence of fundamental conditions in those codes. For CWR the longitudinal coupling between the rail and bridge plays an important role. This coupling interface is created either by a ballast, for a ballasted track, or by a fastening system in the case of slab track. The deformation state of the coupling interface characterizes the behaviour of the system, whether elastic or plastic. Therefore, the nonlinear behaviour is valid for the system. To accommodate the nonlinear nature, a sequential loading analysis is used, taking into account the loading history. As the change situation due to a passing train happens in a short time, the influence of the mass acceleration should be taken into account in the system’s equilibrium. This aspect is investigated by treating the dynamic load as an impulse-like load. However, a realistic load needs some time to affect the whole bridge, thus the continuous change of stiffness is used to simulate the dynamic analysis. There is a lack of information on determining the value of coupling stiffness in longitudinal direction caused by a passing train. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the coupling stiffness from field measurements in order to find reliable values. The implementation of the load onto several typical bridges shows that the change of the coupling stiffness increases the stresses and it should not be neglected. The evaluation of the load due to a change of the coupling stiffness accompanied by bending of the supporting structure gives satisfactory results by using the static analysis only. Thus, a dynamic analysis can be avoided. Multiple cycles of passing trains occurring after seasonal temperature change indicate a significant increase of elastic parts along the track-bridge coupling interface and a decrease in stresses in the rails. Thus the danger of deterioration is reduced significantly.
Die Verwendung von durchgehend geschweißten Schienen auf Brücken führt zu zusätzlichen Längsspannungen infolge der Lastfälle jahreszeitliche Temperaturänderung, Brückendurchbiegung und Bremsen/Anfahren. Diese drei Lasten sind durch den Eurocode 1 vorgegeben und in die nationale deutsche Norm DIN Fb-101 integriert. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmals ein weiterer Lastfall identifiziert und behandelt, der durch den Wechsel der Koppelsteifigkeit in Längsrichtung zwischen Gleis und Tragwerk bei der Zugüberfahrt begründet wird. Dieser Lastfall wird hier mit „Ruck“ bezeichnet und ist eine zwangsläufige Konsequenz des nichtlinearen Längsverschiebewiderstandes, wie er im EC 1 und im DIN Fb-101 vorgegeben ist. Dennoch wurden die Auswirkungen auf das Systemverhalten bisher nicht untersucht. Bei einem Wechsel vom unbelasteten Gleis zum belasteten Gleis während einer Zugüberfahrt erhöht sich zum Beispiel der Längsverschiebewiderstand für ein Schottergleis um den Faktor 3! Die dadurch bedingte Veränderung des Zusammenwirkens zwischen Gleis und Tragwerk führt zu einer Veränderung des Systemzustandes und damit zu veränderten Schienenspannungen. Für durchgehend geschweißte Schienen spielt die Längskopplung zwischen Schiene und Brücke eine wesentliche Rolle. Beim Schottergleis wird sie dargestellt durch die Einbettung des Gleisrostes im Schotterbett im Zusammenwirken mit der Schienenbefestigung. Bei der festen Fahrbahn durch das Befestigungssystem. Für kleine Deformationen ist die Koppelsteifigkeit proportional zur Relativverschiebung zwischen Gleis und Brücke. Darüberhinaus geht das linear elastische Verhalten in ein quasi plastisches Verhalten mit konstanter Koppelkraft über. Folgerichtig ist die Behandlung einer Lastenfolge nur in inkrementeller Weise unter Einbeziehung der Verformungsgeschichte mechanisch korrekt. Die Lastfälle Bremsen/Anfahren, Brückendurchbiegung und Ruck ereignen sich nur während der Zugüberfahrt; also in relativ kurzer Zeit, dann allerdings mit einem erheblichen Lastgradienten. Somit stellt sich die Frage nach dem Einfluss der Massenbeschleunigungen, die in dieser Arbeit geklärt wird. Die im Fachbericht genanntenWerte für den Längsverschiebewiderstand des belasteten Gleises basieren auf einer relativ geringen Datenmenge. Aus diesem Grund werden die Messdaten einer umfangreichen Feldmessung mit Zugüberfahrten zu Aussagen über den Längsverschiebewiederstand herangezogen und die Problematik derartiger Messungen beleuchtet. Die unterschiedlichen Modellierungen des Lastfalls „Ruck“, einmal rein statisch und zum anderen dynamisch, ergeben übereinstimmende Schienenlängsspannungen für die statische und die kontinuierliche dynamische Variante. Somit kann auf die aufwändige dynamische Analyse verzichtet werden. Mehrere Zyklen von Zugüberfahrten im Anschluss an eine jahreszeitliche Temperaturänderung bewirken einen signifikanten Abbau der Durchrutschbereiche, also eine Erhöhung der elastischen Abschnitte in der Koppelfuge zwischen Bauwerk und Gleis verbunden mit einer Abnahme der Schienendruckspannungen. Somit hilft dieser Effekt dem System, der jahreszeitlichen Temperaturänderung zu widerstehen.
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Lakhmi, Riadh. "Étude de micropoutres sérigraphiées pour des applications capteurs." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14358/document.

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Dans cette thèse, des structures MEMS de type micropoutre ont été conçues pour des applications capteurs. Un procédé de fabrication alternatif au silicium, associant la technique de sérigraphie à l'utilisation d’une couche sacrificielle (SrCO3), a été utilisé pour la réalisation de micropoutres piezoélectriques (PZT, matériau servant à la fois d’actionneur et de transducteur) dans un premier temps. Des tests de détection en phase gazeuse ont été réalisés avec et sans couche sensible avec succès à l’aide du mode de vibration non conventionnel 31-longitudinal. Le toluène a notamment pu être détecté à des concentrations voisines de 20ppm avec une couche sensible PEUT. D’autres espèces telles que l’eau, l’éthanol ou l’hydrogène ont été détectés sans couches sensibles afin de s’affranchir des contraintes liées à celle-ci (vieillissement notamment). Des tests préliminaires de caractérisation en milieu liquide ont également été réalisés avec dans l’optique la détection d’espèces en phase liquide. Par ailleurs, un capteur de force a été conçu et réalisé avec le même procédé de fabrication. Ce dernier est composé d’une micropoutre en matériau diélectrique sur laquelle est intégrée une piezorésistance servant à la transduction du signal associé à la déformation subie par la micropoutre. Des détections de force en mode statique (sans actionneurs) ont permis de caractériser les capteurs, notamment en termes de sensibilité, de gamme de force et de force minimale détectable ou encore de linéarité
The project concerns the conception, fabrication and characterization of cantilever-type MEMS structures for sensors applications. An alternative process to silicon related ones, associating the screen-printing technique to a sacrificial layer (SrCO3), was used to realize piezoelectric cantilevers (PZT material utilized as actuator and transducer) in a first time. Detections in gas phase were performed successfully with and without sensitive layer thanks to the unusual 31-longitudinal vibration mode. Namely, we were able to detect toluene at concentrations as low as 20ppm with a PEUT sensitive layer. Other species like water, ethanol or hydrogen could be detected without sensitive layer in order to get rid of the sensitive layer-related issues (ageing for example). Preliminary characterizations were carried out in liquid phase in a view to perform liquid phase detection. Besides, a cantilever-based force sensor, fabricated thanks to the same fabrication process was designed. This last one integrates a piezoresistor allowing the transduction of the mechanical signal linked to the strain overcome by the microcantilever. Force detections in static mode (without any actuator) permitted the sensors’ characterization. Indeed, their sensitivity, force range, minimal detectable force and linearity were carried out
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Hosseini, SayedMohammad. "A Statistical Approach to Modeling Wheel-Rail Contact Dynamics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101864.

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The wheel-rail contact mechanics and dynamics that are of great importance to the railroad industry are evaluated by applying statistical methods to the large volume of data that is collected on the VT-FRA state-of-the-art roller rig. The intent is to use the statistical principles to highlight the relative importance of various factors that exist in practice to longitudinal and lateral tractions and to develop parametric models that can be used for predicting traction in conditions beyond those tested on the rig. The experiment-based models are intended to be an alternative to the classical traction-creepage models that have been available for decades. Various experiments are conducted in different settings on the VT-FRA Roller Rig at the Center for Vehicle Systems and Safety at Virginia Tech to study the relationship between the traction forces and the wheel-rail contact variables. The experimental data is used to entertain parametric and non-parametric statistical models that efficiently capture this relationship. The study starts with single regression models and investigates the main effects of wheel load, creepage, and the angle of attack on the longitudinal and lateral traction forces. The assumptions of the classical linear regression model are carefully assessed and, in the case of non-linearities, different transformations are applied to the explanatory variables to find the closest functional form that captures the relationship between the response and the explanatory variables. The analysis is then extended to multiple models in which interaction among the explanatory variables is evaluated using model selection approaches. The developed models are then compared with their non-parametric counterparts, such as support vector regression, in terms of "goodness of fit," out-of-sample performance, and the distribution of predictions.
Master of Science
The interaction between the wheel and rail plays an important role in the dynamic behavior of railway vehicles. The wheel-rail contact has been extensively studied through analytical models, and measuring the contact forces is among the most important outcomes of such models. However, these models typically fall short when it comes to addressing the practical problems at hand. With the development of a high-precision test rig—called the VT-FRA Roller Rig, at the Center for Vehicle Systems and Safety (CVeSS)—there is an increased opportunity to tackle the same problems from an entirely different perspective, i.e. through statistical modeling of experimental data. Various experiments are conducted in different settings that represent railroad operating conditions on the VT-FRA Roller Rig, in order to study the relationship between wheel-rail traction and the variables affecting such forces. The experimental data is used to develop parametric and non-parametric statistical models that efficiently capture this relationship. The study starts with single regression models and investigates the main effects of wheel load, creepage, and the angle of attack on the longitudinal and lateral traction forces. The analysis is then extended to multiple models, and the existence of interactions among the explanatory variables is examined using model selection approaches. The developed models are then compared with their non-parametric counterparts, such as support vector regression, in terms of "goodness of fit," out-of-sample performance, and the distribution of the predictions. The study develops regression models that are able to accurately explain the relationship between traction forces, wheel load, creepage, and the angle of attack.
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9

Bianchi, Renzo. "Le burnout est-il une forme de dépression ? Approches psychométrique et expérimentale." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1014.

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La singularité nosologique du burnout vis-à-vis de la dépression n’est pas établie à ce jour. L’objectif de cette thèse de doctorat était d’examiner si burnout et dépression font référence à une même réalité pathologique ou constituent des phénomènes distincts. Nos travaux ont articulé approches dimensionnelles et catégorielles, et études transversales et longitudinales. Empiriquement, ces travaux ont révélé que burnout et dépression sont associés à des symptômes similaires, fluctuent à travers le temps de manière concomitante, et prédisent les mêmes altérations du traitement attentionnel de l’information émotionnelle – tel qu’indexé par l’enregistrement des mouvements oculaires des participants. En parallèle, notre analyse des fondements théoriques de la distinction burnout-dépression a montré que cette dernière est fragile et requiert une clarification. En effet, l’idée selon laquelle le burnout serait « spécifique du contexte de travail » tandis que la dépression serait « indépendante du contexte » n’est pas nosologiquement discriminante en soi. Saisis dans leur ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que burnout et dépression pourraient couvrir une même réalité pathologique et renvoyer à une même catégorie nosologique, questionnant ainsi la vision actuellement dominante du chevauchement burnout-dépression
To date, the nosological singularity of burnout with respect to depression remains controversial. The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to examine whether burnout and depression refer to a single pathological realm or constitute distinct phenomena. Both dimensional and categorical approaches were adopted, and both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs were used. At an empirical level, our work revealed that burnout and depression are associated with similar symptoms, fluctuate concomitantly over time, and predict the same alterations in the attentional processing of emotional information—as indexed by eye movement recording of participants’ gaze. At a theoretical level, our analyses showed that the grounds of the burnout-depression distinction are fragile and require clarification. Indeed, the idea that burnout is “work-specific” whereas depression is “context-free” is not nosologically discriminating per se. Overall, these results suggest that burnout and depression may cover a single pathological realm and belong to a single nosological category, thus questioning the currently-dominant view of the burnout-depression overlap
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Lakhmi, Riadh. "Etude de micropoutres sérigraphiées pour des applications capteurs." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671386.

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Dans cette thèse, des structures MEMS de type micropoutre ont été conçues pour des applications capteurs. Un procédé de fabrication alternatif au silicium, associant la technique de sérigraphie à l'utilisation d'une couche sacrificielle (SrCO3), a été utilisé pour la réalisation de micropoutres piezoélectriques (PZT, matériau servant à la fois d'actionneur et de transducteur) dans un premier temps. Des tests de détection en phase gazeuse ont été réalisés avec et sans couche sensible avec succès à l'aide du mode de vibration non conventionnel 31-longitudinal. Le toluène a notamment pu être détecté à des concentrations voisines de 20ppm avec une couche sensible PEUT. D'autres espèces telles que l'eau, l'éthanol ou l'hydrogène ont été détectés sans couches sensibles afin de s'affranchir des contraintes liées à celle-ci (vieillissement notamment). Des tests préliminaires de caractérisation en milieu liquide ont également été réalisés avec dans l'optique la détection d'espèces en phase liquide. Par ailleurs, un capteur de force a été conçu et réalisé avec le même procédé de fabrication. Ce dernier est composé d'une micropoutre en matériau diélectrique sur laquelle est intégrée une piezorésistance servant à la transduction du signal associé à la déformation subie par la micropoutre. Des détections de force en mode statique (sans actionneurs) ont permis de caractériser les capteurs, notamment en termes de sensibilité, de gamme de force et de force minimale détectable ou encore de linéarité.
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Books on the topic "Longitudinal force"

1

Kuzmicich, Geoff. A longitudinal look at some data of the Household Labour Force Survey. Wellington, N.Z: Statistics New Zealand = Te Tari Tatau, 2001.

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Dooley, Martin D. Differences in labour force participation, earnings and welfare participation among Canadian lone mothers: A longitudinal data analysis. Hull, Qué: Human Resources Development Canada, Applied Research Branch, 2002.

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Dooley, Martin. Differences in labour force participation, earnings and welfare participation among Canadian lone mothers: A longitudinal data analysis. [Hull, Quebec]: Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy, Human Resources Development Canada, 2001.

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Clarke, P. S. Methodological issues in the production and analysis of longitudinal data from the Labour Force Survey. London: Office for National Statistics, 1999.

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Hansen, Karen Tranberg. The work history: Disaggregating the changing terms of poor women's entry into Lusaka's labor force. [East Lansing, MI, USA]: Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1987.

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missing], [name. Health and labor force participation over the life cycle: Evidence from the past. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

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Stevenson, Betsey. Marriage and divorce: Changes and their driving forces. San Francisco]: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2007.

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Stevenson, Betsey. Marriage and divorce: Changes and their driving forces. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Stevenson, Betsey. Marriage and divorce: Changes and their driving forces. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2007.

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Stevenson, Betsey. Marriage and divorce: Changes and their driving forces. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Longitudinal force"

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Yun, Liang, Alan Bliault, and Johnny Doo. "Longitudinal Force Balance and Trim." In WIG Craft and Ekranoplan, 95–115. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0042-5_3.

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Lyle, Stephen N. "Self-Force for Longitudinal Rotational Motion." In Self-Force and Inertia, 157–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04785-5_9.

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Salamin, Paul-André. "Longitudinal Analysis of Swiss Labour Force Survey Data." In Conference on Statistical Science Honouring the Bicentennial of Stefano Franscini’s Birth, 181–92. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8930-8_14.

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Huang, Shize, Qiyi Guo, Liangliang Yu, Yue Liu, and Fan Zhang. "The Simulation of the Longitudinal Force of Heavy Haul Trains." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 759–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7986-3_76.

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Marliani, G., M. Matzkeit, and V. Vasanta Ram. "Longitudinal Vortices in the Rotating Channel Flow Due to Coriolis Force." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 367–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0457-9_66.

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Zhu, Shenjin, Leon Henderson, Edo Drenth, Fredrik Bruzelius, and Bengt Jacobson. "An Investigation of Longitudinal Tyre Force Observation for Slip Control System Development." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1607–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_183.

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Li, Xiaojun, Xiaozhou Zhou, Bichen Hong, and Hehua Zhu. "Experimental and Numerical Study on Longitudinal Axial Force and Deformation of Shield Tunnel." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Tunnelling and Underground Construction, 329–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0017-2_33.

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Ebrahimi, Amir, and Marius Meiswinkel. "Modeling of Radial and Tangential Roebel Bar Force Distributions in Large Electrical Machines Considering Longitudinal Transposition." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 367–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69799-0_25.

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Gavião, M. B. D., M. D. Serra-Vicentin, and F. R. Gambareli. "Correlation between Muscle Thickness and Bite Force in Children before and after Oral Rehabilitation – A Two Year Longitudinal Study." In IFMBE Proceedings, 850–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23508-5_221.

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Claessens, Elke, and Dimitri Mortelmans. "Who Cares? An Event History Analysis of Co-parenthood Dynamics in Belgium." In European Studies of Population, 131–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_7.

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AbstractUntil the end of the twentieth century, child custody arrangements after separation typically continued the gendered pre-separation parenting division, with mothers taking up childcare and fathers paying child support. Recently, there has been a significant rise in co-parenting after separation, reflecting the trend towards more socio-economic, work- and childcare-related gender equality during the relationship. However, it remains unclear to what extent the organization of the pre-separation household dominates over important changes in the lives and labor force participation of parents after separation in choosing to co-parent.This study uses longitudinal Belgian register data to consider the effect of post-separation dynamics in parents’ life course and labor force participation in deciding to co-parent. While certain pre-separation characteristics remain predictive of co-parenting, our results suggest a societal trend towards co-parenting as the parenting norm. Increased time in paid work positively affects co-parenting probabilities, but we find no effect of a post-separation income increase, even though this would imply greater bargaining power to obtain sole custody. As such, the investigated post-separation changes seem to be an indication of parents moving towards supporting and attempting to gain gender equal parenting after separation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Longitudinal force"

1

Wang, Yan, David M. Bevly, and Shih-ken Chen. "Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation With Unknown Input Observer." In ASME 2012 5th Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference joint with the JSME 2012 11th Motion and Vibration Conference. ASME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2012-movic2012-8710.

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Majed, Arya, and Edwin Henkel. "Calculating Booster to Launch Pad Transient Forces with Coupled Longitudinal/Lateral Force Decay." In 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1939.

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Gerard, Mathieu, Matteo Corno, Michel Verhaegen, and Edward Holweg. "Force-Based ABS Control Using Lateral Force Measurement." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5939.

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In this paper a hybrid force-based Anti Locking Braking System (ABS) is presented. The proposed control system directly considers the lateral tyre behaviour during heavy braking. In this way it is possible to guarantee drivability and stability also when braking on surfaces without a clear tyre characteristic peak. The goal of the paper is to show the potentialities of load-based vehicle dynamics control. It is shown that, thanks to the availability of the lateral and longitudinal tyre force measurements, a stable braking can be achieved with a minimal increase of complexity of the algorithm in conditions that are critical for traditional ABS. The general control concept is that of reducing the longitudinal slip if the measured lateral force is smaller than a desired minimum. Two different ways of computing the minimum lateral forces are presented: one for the front axle with the objective of guaranteeing steerability and one for the rear axle to guarantee stability. Simulations on a nonlinear vehicle simulator confirm that the controller can maintain the desired steering behaviour and vehicle yaw stability in case of heavy braking.
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Kovachev, Lyubomir M. "Longitudinal optical force of laser pulses in continuous media." In International Conference on Quantum, Nonlinear, and Nanophotonics 2019 (ICQNN 2019), edited by Alexander A. Dreischuh, Dragomir N. Neshev, Isabelle Staude, and Tony Spassov. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2553544.

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Berglund, A. J., J. J. Kim, B. S. Barber, and M. J. Morris. "Longitudinal Evaluation of Spirometric Function in Air Force Firefighters." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a1858.

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Palmre, Viljar, David Pugal, and Kwang Kim. "Characterization of longitudinal tensile force of millimeter thick IPMCs." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.915925.

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Kuhlmann, Ulrike, and Ulrich Breuninger. "Behaviour of Horizontally Lying Studs with Longitudinal Shear Force." In Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete IV Conference 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40616(281)38.

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Chen, Weixuan, Haiyan Zhao, Jinyang Zhao, Yuchi Feng, and Hong Chen. "Integrated Control of longitudinal-vertical Force for Distributed Electric Vehicles." In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8833303.

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Meng, Quan, Jason R. Heineman, and Ahmed A. Shabana. "A Longitudinal Force Model for Multibody Railroad Vehicle System Applications." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84058.

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In this paper, a model is developed to analyze the longitudinal forces of interaction between the vehicles within a train consist. The track geometry is described in a preprocessor in terms of an arc length parameter. A single degree of freedom vehicle model is developed, in which the nonlinear equation of motion of the vehicle is expressed in terms of the track arc length using a velocity transformation. The velocity transformation matrix is obtained by expressing the Cartesian and angular velocities in terms of the time derivative of the arc length. Models are developed for representing; braking forces from a typical air brake system, coupler reactions from draft gear or end-of-car cushioning devices, and the rolling resistance acting on each vehicle. An example of a 10-car train is used to demonstrate the use of the formulations presented in this paper. Different simulation scenarios, including varying track configurations and brake failure, are presented.
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Vila, Luis J., and Ramesh B. Malla. "Longitudinal Impact Force on a Special Drill for Planetary Exploration." In Earth and Space 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479179.043.

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Reports on the topic "Longitudinal force"

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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Turkey. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrtr.2020.12.

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This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the report portrays indicators of youth population, youth employment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. Since the urban/rural distinction is not clear in Turkey, the overtime change in the status of the Rural NEETs can-not be analysed.The adopted statistical procedures across the different selected dimensions involves descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets, in addition we also used the statistics provi-ded by the Statistical Institute of Turkey, in addition to some academic works.The analyses show that Turkey has an ageing population, and that the share of the youth in the population declined over years. The relatively younger population of Turkey has pre-viously always been accepted as an advantage, but this advantage has disappeared with declining birth rates. The transition to a new administrative system in 2012 prevents a de-tailed analysis of the situation of rural NEETS. However, the available data shows that there is a significant gender gap and the lower levels of female labour force participation has led to the emergence of the NEETs as a gendered problem.
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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Longitudinal force' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
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