Academic literature on the topic 'Longuda language'

This article gives an overview of the cardinal and ordinal numerals in Longuda, a language cluster in north-eastern Nigeria, belonging to the Adamawa branch of the Niger-Congo languages. It focuses on three of its five varieties, namely Deele, Guyuk and Gwaanda, analysing the morphology of the numerals, their behaviour in a noun phrase and the derivation of ordinal numerals from cardinal numerals. It becomes clear that numerals in Longuda are neither adjectives nor nouns but should rather be analysed as being on a scale in-between those lexical categories. The tendency in the languages of the world that lower ordinal numerals are suppletive forms while higher ones are regularly derived from cardinal numerals applies to Longuda as well. At the end of the article, the findings of Longuda numerals are compared to other Adamawa languages and the Niger-Congo family as a whole as compiled by Boyd (1989) and Pozdniakov (2018).

This study intends to demonstrate by using the lyrics of ‘Ayo Africa’ by Longue Longue that indigenous languages and other voices are rising and asserting their relevance to singularise themselves and at the same time, questioning the ideology of the heretofore ‘dominant’ language and discourse by giving it a Cameroonian rendition. The fact that every language carries with it an ideology and owing to the fact that there exist an intimate link between language and literature – in both written and oral forms, this study also demonstrates that the Cameroonian singer-Longue Longue, through language appropriation and resilience to mother tongue evoke sentiments of nationalism that suggest a rethinking of what ideology and language should govern the Cameroonian postcolonial space in this globalised era. Resistance and deconstruction are dominant practices of colonial and postcolonial discourses with the one fighting to assert herself in the face of the other in the global context of today characterised by the collapse of national boundaries, challenges in governance, conflict, proliferation of languages and the unpopularity of the dominant language and discourse. New historicism is employed in this study because it transcends; cultural, sociological, linguistic and anthropological disciplines, and also because pop music is part of the culture of the people. This study through the observation and interview methods, will lean on the hypothetical contention that; in Longue Longue’s ‘Ayo Africa’, indigenous language(s) (pidgin and/ Douala) that singularises the Cameroonian person, is indispensable to govern the Cameroonian postcolonial space.

RésuméCe travail examine la thèse de Malcah Yaeger-Dror sur l’évolution des voyelles moyennes du français voulant qu’elle soit régie par des principes généraux sur les changements en chaîne. En français, les voyelles toniques longues non hautes auraient tendance à se fermer vers les positions extrêmes [e:], [ø:] et [o:], puis, arrivées à cette étape, à renverser leur trajectoire et à s’ouvrir en direction de [a:] et de [a:]. Cette deuxième étape est retardée dans une classe de mots pour lesquels Yaeger-Dror pense que seules seraient pertinentes leurs connotations sociales, sans tenir compte de l’étymologie, de l’environnement phonétique et de la fréquence. Le présent article reprend la problématique générale de l’évolution des voyelles moyennes du français et propose une nouvelle analyse de la formation de voyelles longues et de leur évolution en français.

Les commentateurs modernes ont critiqué la définition de la syllabe selon Aristote («un son dépourvu de signification, composé d’une muette et d’une voyelle » ) au motif qu’elle ne tiendrait pas compte des syllabes constituées d’une unique voyelle. Cependant, de telles syllabes ne pouvaient être que «longues par nature » , (/ C -/), quantitativement/ métriquement égales aux syllabes «longues par position/ convention/ institution » (/ C C-C/) et à la séquence dissyllabique / C C /, plutôt qu’aux unités constructionnelles, /CV/, composées de deux unités élémentaires (στοιχεία) faisant partie de l’inventaire phonologique. Ainsi comprise, la syllabe d’Aristote aurait pu figurer parmi les notions phonologiques de base. L’inscription de la syllabe dans la catégorie du «non-signifiant», rapportée à la cohérence aristotélicienne de la distinction entre sons «signifiants» et «non-signifiants», suggère que l’idée de signe linguistique est implicitement présente dans le système aristotélicien des «parties de l’expression».

Anyone in literary studies who has looked recently at titles of books, conferences, research clusters, and even syllabi across the field cannot have missed two key words, borrowed from historical studies, that are doing substantial periodizing duty for literary and cultural criticism: one a chronological unit, the longue durée, and the other nominally a geographic unit, the Atlantic world. While it may not be obvious, each of these terms has spatial as well as temporal dimensions that reflect their shared origins with Ferdinand Braudel. Braudel first developed an application of the concept of the longue durée (pioneered by Marc Bloch) during the 1940s when, as a German prisoner of war, he wrote the initial draft of his book The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II; later, in 1958, he published his famous conceptual piece on the longue durée in Annales. Braudel posits that time moves at different speeds, defined as geographic, social, and individual, each corresponding to a different durée (literally, a duration of time). The longue durée (usually translated as “long perspective” or “long term”) is the slowest-moving, operating on the scale of centuries, in which historical changes are humanly imperceptible. Braudel's Mediterranean constructs a geography commensurate with his theory of time, the methodological and conceptual frameworks of his book-its geohistorical plan, its comparative approach, its macrohistorical, multidimensional perspective, shifting from the longue durée to the courte durée of political events, embodied in its tripartite division into structures, conjunctures, and events, each section proposing a different mode of periodization and time scale. Braudel's Mediterranean thus consists spatially of multiple seas unfolding temporally over the longue durée and as such simultaneously provides literary studies with a flexible tool for revisionist periodization and Atlantic studies, both historical and literary, with the powerful model of a region as a unit of geographic and chronological analysis.

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Garamond; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Considerando a relevância da formação política na história do movimento da classe trabalhadora, em contraste com a escassa produção de estudos sistemáticos sobre a temática, este texto busca oferecer uma pequena contribuição, por meio do relato da experiência do 13 de Maio NEP (Núcleo de Educação Popular), provavelmente a maior e mais longeva escola de formação político-sindical do Brasil.</span>

Review: Frédérique Longuet y Claude Springer, Autour du CECR Volume complémentaire (2018): médiation et collaboration. Une dialectique de la Relation écologique et sociosémiotique (París, Édi-tions des archives contemporaines, 2021, 362 p. ISBN: 9782813004055. DOI: https://doi.org/-10.17184/eac.9782813004055).

Against the background of a new interest in empires past and present and an inflation of the concept in modern political language and beyond, the article first looks at the use of the concept as an analytical marker in historical and current interpretations of empires. With a focus on Western European cases, the concrete semantics of empire as a key concept in modern European history is analyzed, combining a reconstruction of some diachronic trends with synchronic differentiations.

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the reduction of unstressed vowels in Coratino, a language spoken in the Apulia region of Italy. Its vowel inventory includes seven vowels: /i, e, ε, a, ɔ, o, u/. All but /a/ are reduced to a schwa when they surface in unstressed positions. Furthermore, back and front vowels are not reduced in unstressed positions when they are adjacent to a labial consonant, or adjacent to a velar followed by a palatal. These vowels also remain non-reduced in word-initial position. Therefore, there are three contexts in which these vowels are not reduced (in stressed positions, adjacent to a consonant, and in word-initial positions). This article aims to reduce this disjunction.