Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Longueur correlation'
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Aouani, Heykel. "Nano-antennes optiques pour l'exaltation et le contrôle de la fluorescence moléculaire dans des volumes sub-longueur d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624233.
Full textSouiri, Moncef. "Correlation entre les parametres de resonance paramagnetiques et de la liaison chimique : ions des metaux de transition et muonium." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13213.
Full textDi, Nella Hélène. "Structure et cinématique de l'univers local." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10220.
Full textVeissier, Valérie. "Etude de la dynamique locale dans les polymeres en masse par declin d'anisotropie de fluorescence." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066063.
Full textLe, Cunuder Anne. "Étude expérimentale des forces de Casimir." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN007/document.
Full textThe study of density fluctuations inside confined liquid systems has received the attention of recent theoretical and experimental papers. In order to analyze the role of confinement on the statistical properties of fluctuations, we developed a highly sensitive system where the intensity of fluctuations, as well as their spatial correlation length can be simply tuned. The idea will be to enhance the role of fluctuations working close to the critical temperature Tc of a second order phase transition in a binary mixture. Indeed, the correlation length dramatically increases when one approaches the critical demixion point.The confinement is obtained by using a sphere-plane geometry with a colloidal particle attached to the cantilever of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). When the correlation length is comparable with the distance of confinement, Fisher and De Gennes predicted the existence of an interesting effect: the two surfaces will be submitted to either an attracting or a repelling force, depending on boundary conditions. This effect is called the critical Casimir force in reference to the quantum Casimir force resulting from the confinement of quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field.During this thesis, we measured the quantum Casimir force between the sphere and the plate, first in a nitrogen atmosphere and then in ethanol, showing that the developed instrument is sufficiently sensible to measure very weak force, of the same order of magnitude or even weaker than the critical Casimir force. Measurements are compared to Lifshitz theory, taking into account the finite conductivity of surfaces
Buiatti, Marco. "Correlations à longue distance dans les séries temporelles biologiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066242.
Full textA large number of biological systems exhibit scale-free behaviour of one or more variables. Scale-free behaviour reflects a tendency of complex systems to develop long-range correlations, i. E. Correlations that decay very slowly in time and extend over very large distances in space. However, the properties and the functional role of long-range correlations in biological systems are still poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is to shed new light into this issue with three studies in three different biological domains, both by exploring the relationship between the function of the system and its long-range statistical structure, and by investigating how biological systems adapt to a long-range correlated environment. The first study explores how a reasoning task modulates the temporal long-range correlations of the associated brain electrical activity as recorded by EEG. The task consists in searching a rule in triplets of numbers, and hypothesis are tested on the base of a performance feedback. We demonstrate that negative feedback elicits significantly stronger long-range correlations than positive feedback in wide brain areas. In the second study, we develop a high-order measure to investigate the long-range statistical structure of DNA sequences of prokaryotes. We test the hypothesis that prokaryotic DNA statistics is described by a model consisting in the superposition of a long-range correlated component and random noise. We show that the model fits the long-range statistics of several prokaryotic DNA sequences, and suggest a functional explanation of the result. The main aim of the third study was to investigate how neurons in the retina adapts to the wide range, long-range correlated temporal statistics of natural scenes. Adaptation is modelled as the cascade of the two major mechanisms of adaptation in the retina - light adaptation and contrast adaptation - predicting the mean and the variance of the input from the past input values. By testing the model on time series of natural light intensities, we show that such cascade is indeed sufficient to adapt to the natural stimulus by removing most of its long-range correlations, while no linear filtering alone achieves the same goal. This result suggests that contrast adaptation has efficiently developed to exploit the long-range temporal correlations of natural scenes in an optimal way
Naidon, Pascal. "Etude théorique de la formation de molécules diatomiques dans un condensat par photoassociation." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066480.
Full textZhang, Qiang. "Contribution a la mecanique statique de systemes presentant des correlations a longues distances." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066376.
Full textWen, Shuang. "Identification expérimentale de modèles de zones cohésives à partir de techniques d'imagerie thermomécanique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00854103.
Full textCaniparoli, Jean-Philippe. "Etude par resonance magnetique nucleaire des conformations et des interactions moleculaires dans les mesophases lyotropes : application a des problemes de solubilisation." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066117.
Full textDespres, Julien. "Correlation spreading in quantum lattice models with variable-range interactions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO018.
Full textIn this thesis, we have investigated the spreading of quantum correlations in isolated lattice models with short- or long-range interactions driven far from equilibrium via sudden global quenches. A main motivation for this research topic was to shed new light on the conflicting results in the literature concerning the scaling law of the correlation edge, its lack of universality and the incompleteness of the existing physical pictures to fully characterize the propagation of quantum correlations. To do so, we have presented a general theoretical approach relying on a quasiparticle theory. The latter has permitted to unveil a generic expression for the equal-time connected correlation functions valid both for short-range and long-range interacting particle and spin lattice models on a hypercubic lattice. Relying on stationary phase arguments, we have shown that its causality cone displays a universal twofold structure consisting of a correlation edge and a series of local extrema defining the outer and inner structure of the space-time correlations. For short-range interactions, the motion of each structure is ballistic and the associated spreading velocities are related to the group and phase velocites of the quasiparticle dispersion relation of the post-quench Hamiltonian. For long-range interactions of the form 1/|R|^α, the correlation spreading is substantially different due to a possible divergence of group velocity when tuning the power-law exponent α. For a divergent group velocity, extit{ie.} the quasi-local regime, we have presented evidence of a universal algebraic structure for the causality cone. While, the correlation edge motion has been found to be always slower than ballistic, the local extrema propagate faster than ballistically and ballistically for gapless and gapped quantum systems respectively. For the local regime implying a well-defined group velocity, we have recovered similar scaling laws and spreading velocities than the short-range case for the causality cone of correlations. The previous theoretical predictions have been verified numerically using tensor network techniques within the case study of the short-range Bose-Hubbard chain and the long-range s=1/2 XY and transverse Ising chains
Dupuy, Nicolas. "Corrélations électroniques des acènes vers la limite de longue taille : étude par Monte Carlo quantique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066143/document.
Full textWe study the family of acenes by means of quantum Monte Carlo methods (QMC) based on a Jastrow correlated antisymmetrized geminal power (JAGP) wave function. Those methods allows for JAGP optimization in a variational manner (energy minimisation) and for ground state energy evaluations when the wave function nodes are well defined. By tuning the variational freedom of JAGP wave functions we study their electronic properties as a function of the wave function quality. We thus obtain results in favour of a highly resonating character, but smeared on many states, incompatible with a previously supposed open shell character. The study also demonstrates that a too low variational freedom induces high bias in the electronic description. By QMC structural relaxation on wave functions of various quality we demonstrate that the acenes geometry is highly coupled to their electronic structure.We can consider extending this study to general polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons similar to graphene nanoribbons of growing thickness to investigate possible correlations between Clar sextets et their electronic and spintronic properties
Nardecchia, Ilaria. "Détection expérimentale de recrutements longues portées entre biomolécules dues à une force sélective et résonante : étude de faisabilité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4054.
Full textThe main subject of the present thesis work stems from the observation that the maintenance of cell functions is based on a precise orchestration of functional interactions between biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins. Although these basic processes generally do not exhibit strict spatial organization, they seem constrained into a very accurate temporal - or dynamic - pattern. This raises the question of what types of physical forces can, in the cellular microenvironments, bring the various actors of complex biochemical processes both in the right place, at the right time and in the right order so as to ensure the essential cellular functions. The existence of selective, long-range forces of electromagnetic nature that may be responsible for the extraordinary efficiency of the biomolecular machineries is predicted by quantum mechanics and electrodynamics ; long-range meaning here of the order of 0.1-1 micron, well beyond the traditionally recognized forces, electrostatic ones, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals-London, etc.). Yet, to date, no experimental test has been proposed to disprove or confirm the hypothesis of an effective exploitation of such electromagnetic forces in living matter. If these selective, long-range recruitment forces were found to be active at the biomolecular level, this would represent an important step forward to the understanding of fundamental cellular processes and mechanisms (gene expression, cell division, signalling, etc.)
Limam, Mohamed-Ali. "Modélisation de la dynamique des rentabilités des hedge funds : dépendance, effets de persistance et problèmes d’illiquidité." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD031/document.
Full textIn this thesis we combine long memory processes and regime switching models to study the nonlinear dynamics of hedge funds returns and their exposure to market risk. The attractiveness of hedge funds lies in their ability to generate returns uncorrelated to those of traditional assets while allowing to improve returns and/or reduce the risk, regardless of market conditions. However, some specificity of returns of hedge funds as their nonlinear and asymmetric nature as well as the presence of a strong autocorrelation in related to illiquidity problems make this aspect only valid in a Gaussian framework. In this study, we adopt an econometric approach that reconciles the notion of long memory and that of pure performance persistence. In this regard, we focus on the risk of confusion between real and spurious long memory long memory since certain processes can generate similar characteristics to that of long memory processes. It appears from this study not only the inadequacy of standard models to take into account the characteristics of the series of financial returns but also the relevance of using mixed models to better understand all of these features within a unified framework. The Beta Switching ARFIMA-FIGARCH mode we suggest reveals the complexity of hedge fund return dynamics and proves the need to better understand the dynamics of returns of hedge funds in order to explain the interactions between hedge funds themselves and between hedge funds and standard markets. The long memory component is taken into account both at the conditional mean through the ARFIMA process and at the conditional variance through several specifications heteroscedatic fractional processes including FIGARCH, FIAPARCH and HYGARCH models. This model take into account several features of hedge fund returns, highlights their hidden risks and represents a new perspective to which managers could move
Robin, Caroline. "Fully self-consistent multiparticle-multihole configuration mixing method : applications to a few light nuclei." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112193/document.
Full textThis thesis project takes part in the development of the multiparticle-multihole configuration mixing method aiming to describe the structure of atomic nuclei. Based on a double variational principle, this approach allows to determine the expansion coefficients of the wave function and the single-particle states at the same time. In this work we apply for the first time the fully self-consistent formalism of the mp-mh method to the description of a few p- and sd-shell nuclei, using the D1S Gogny interaction.A first study of the 12C nucleus is performed in order to test the doubly iterative convergence procedure when different types of truncation criteria are applied to select the many-body configurations included in the wave-function. A detailed analysis of the effect caused by the orbital optimization is conducted. In particular, its impact on the one-body density and on the fragmentation of the ground state wave function is analyzed.A systematic study of sd-shell nuclei is then performed. A careful analysis of the correlation content of the ground state is first conducted and observables quantities such as binding and separation energies, as well as charge radii are calculated and compared to experimental data. Satisfactory results are found. Spectroscopic properties are also studied. Excitation energies of low-lying states are found in very good agreement with experiment, and the study of magnetic dipole features are also satisfactory. Calculation of electric quadrupole properties, and in particular transition probabilities B(E2), however reveal a clear lack of collectivity of the wave function, due to the reduced valence space used to select the many-body configurations. Although the renormalization of orbitals leads to an important fragmentation of the ground state wave function, only little effect is observed on B(E2) probabilities. A tentative explanation is given.Finally, the structure description of nuclei provided by the multiparticle-multihole configuration mixing method is utilized to study reaction mechanisms such as electron and proton inelastic scattering on sd-shell nuclei. Although the results also suffer from the lack of collectivity, the experimental trends are well reproduced and improved by the orbital optimization
Khalfaoui, Rabeh. "Wavelet analysis of financial time series." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1083.
Full textThis thesis deals with the contribution of wavelet methods on modeling economic and financial time series and consists of two parts: the univariate time series and multivariate time series. In the first part (chapters 2 and 3), we adopt univariate case. First, we examine the class of non-stationary long memory processes. A simulation study is carried out in order to compare the performance of some semi-parametric estimation methods for fractional differencing parameter. We also examine the long memory in volatility using FIGARCH models to model energy data. Results show that the Exact local Whittle estimation method of Shimotsu and Phillips [2005] is the better one and the oil volatility exhibit strong evidence of long memory. Next, we analyze the market risk of univariate stock market returns which is measured by systematic risk (beta) at different time horizons. Results show that beta is not stable, due to multi-trading strategies of investors. Results based on VaR analysis show that risk is more concentrated at higher frequency. The second part (chapters 4 and 5) deals with estimation of the conditional variance and correlation of multivariate time series. We consider two classes of time series: the stationary time series (returns) and the non-stationary time series (levels). We develop a novel approach, which combines wavelet multi-resolution analysis and multivariate GARCH models, i.e. the wavelet-based multivariate GARCH approach. However, to evaluate the volatility forecasts we compare the performance of several multivariate models using some criteria, such as loss functions, VaR estimation and hedging strategies
Paquier, Julien. "Théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité relativiste à séparation de portée." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS059.
Full textThis PhD thesis constitutes a contribution to the relativistic extension of the range-separated density functional theory scheme, by combining a relativistic four-component wave function calculation for the long-range contribution with a complementary relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functional based on the no-pair Dirac-Coulomb or Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian. We have studied properties of the relativistic homogeneous electron gas in the no-pair approximation to develop relativistic short-range exchange-correlation density functionals at the local density approximation (LDA) level. We have implemented a four-component range-separated density functional code as a plugin in the software QUANTUM PACKAGE 2.0 to test these functionals. We have extended the relativistic short-range exchange density functional to the generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) level. Finally, we have pointed out the important role of the on-top exchange pair density in the correct evaluation of the exchange energy at very short-range