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Oswald, Par P. "Lien experimental entre la viscosité et la longueur de correlation ζ∥ dans les smectiques hexatiques B et F." Liquid Crystals 1, no. 3 (May 1986): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678298608086511.
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Klein, J. C. Von Vaupel. "OLIGOMERIZATION IN COPEPODA CYCLOPOIDA AS A KIND OF ORTHOGENETIC EVOLUTION IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM." Crustaceana 72, no. 3 (1999): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503320.
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AbstractThe morphological-evolutionary notions on oligomerization (i.e., reduction in numbers of segments) of the thoracic limbs and the first antenna in Copepoda Cyclopoida are examined in detail. It is shown that the process of oligomerization is correlated to a large extent with a decrease in body length. The oligomerization of the thoracic limbs is evolutionarily irreversible, thus capable of channeling the further pathways of morphological development. Consequently, its successive steps in phylogenetic lineages are considered to represent a kind of orthogenetic evolution. Les notions morphologiques-evolutionnaires sur l'oligomerisation (c'est-a-dire sur la reduction du nombre des segments) des pattes thoraciques et de la premiere antenne chez les Copepodes Cyclopoida sont examinees en detail. Il est montre que le processus d'oligomerisation est en correlation dans une large mesure avec une diminution de la longueur du corps. L'oligomerisation des pattes thoraciques est evolutionnairement irreversible, etant ainsi capable d'orienter le cours ulterieur du developpement morphologique. Par consequent, ses pas successifs dans les lignees phylogenetiques sont consideres comme representant une sorte d'evolution orthogenetique.
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Silvère, DIMI NGATSE, OGNIKA Alexis Jonas, and AKOUANGO Parisse. "Conformation des bovins de race Nélore (Bos indicus) au ranch Kila-département de la Cuvette en République du Congo." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 43:1 (January 31, 2020): 7340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v43-1.1.
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L’objectif de l’étude a été d’apprécier la conformation et certaines mensurations de la race bovine Nélore dans le but de maitriser leurs aptitudes à la reproduction. Les animaux avaient trois (3) ans d’âge. Les mensurations et la conformation ont concernées 89 génisses et 28 taurillons en stade de reproduction, sur un troupeau de 2587 têtes. Les mensurations corporelles concernées ont été évaluées par la méthode traditionnelle à la toise et au mètre ruban. Le poids vif moyen des mâles a été de 418,97 kg ± 25,84 kg et celui des femelles de 333,67 ± 33,12 kg. La robe régulière est blanche, uniforme avec des membres sombres aux extrémités chez les mâles. La conformation indique de bonnes aptitudes bouchères et les mâles sont de grande taille. La hauteur au garrot a été de 1,54 ± 0,01 m et 1,48 ± 0,03 m pour les mâles et les femelles respectivement. La longueur scapulo-ischiale a indiqué 1,89 ± 0,03 m et 1,81 ±0,02 pour les mâles et femelles respectivement. Le périmètre thoracique de 1,82 ± 0.03 m et 1,72 ± 0,03 m respectivement pour les mâles et femelles. La liaison corrélative du poids vif a été plus marquée avec la hauteur au garrot (r= 0,926) qu’avec le périmètre thoracique (r= 0,81) et la longueur scapulo-ischiale (r= 0,730). Il est donc important que les éleveurs procèdent à l’étude des mensurations et de conformation des Nelores pour bien apprécier leurs aptitudes futures de reproductions dans une ferme. ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to highlight the morphometric characteristics and conformation of the Nélore bovine breed in order to control their breeding. The animals were all about three (3) years old. The measurements and conformation involved 89 heifers and 28 breeding bulls from a herd of 2,587 heads. The body measurements concerned were evaluated by the traditional method of the measuring board and measuring tape. The average live weight of males was 418.97 kg ± 25.84 kg and that of females 333.67 ± 33.12 kg. The Common coat colour is uniform white, with dark extremities in the males. The conformation indicates good beefing abilities and the males are large. The height at the withers was 1.54 ± 0.01 m and 1.48 ± 0.03 m for males and females respectively. The scapuloischial length of 1.89 ± 0.03 m and 1.81 ± 0.02 for males and females respectively and thoracic perimeter of 1.82 ± 0.03 m and 1.72 ± 0.03 m respectively for males and females. The correlation of body weight was more marked with the height at the withers (r = 0.926) than with the thoracic perimeter (r = 0.81) and the scapuloischial length (r = 0.730). It is therefore important that the breeders study the measurements and conformation in order to appreciate the future breeding abilities of the animals on a farm.
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Dembe Louvinguila Tenda, Hélène, Armel Ibala Zamba, Joseph Goma-Tchimbakala, Lérège Batiabo Mikembi, Honest Freedom Poaty Ngot, and Victor Mamonekene. "Effets saisonniers sur les relations poids-longueurs et coefficients de condition pour 16 espèces de poissons de la Lagune Mvassa, basse Guinée, République du Congo." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 44.1 (April 30, 2020): 7540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v44-1.1.
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Objectifs : La présente étude a été initiée pour établir les relations poids-longueur et les facteurs de condition de Ethmalosa fimbriata, Sardinella maderensis, Coptodon guinensis, Oreochromis schwebischi, Neochelon falcipinnis, Mugil cephalus, Parachelon grandisquamis, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Hemichromis elongatus, Pomadasys jubelini, Eleotris daganensis, Bathygobius soporator, Trachinotus teraia, Lutjanus goreensis, Mugil banannensis, et Sarotherodon melanotheron, 16 espèces les plus abondantes de la lagune Mvassa en République du Congo. Méthodologie et résultats : Les échantillonnages des poissons ont été réalisés sur 9 stations à l’aide des filets maillants de 8, 10, 20 et 30 mm de côté de la maille. Les relations poidslongueur ont été réalisées en utilisant l’équation P = aLSb et leurs coefficients de condition en utilisant l’équation K = 100*(P ⁄ LSb ). Au total, 1566 spécimens, réparties en 5 ordres, 8 familles, 16 espèces dont 10 ont été capturées en saison sèche, 14 en saison des pluies et 8 espèces communes pour les deux saisons ont été utilisés dans le cadre de cette étude. Le coefficient de détermination r 2 était significatif pour les deux saisons et variait de 0,91 pour Neochelon falcipinnis et 0,99 pour Pomadasys jubelini avec une moyenne de 0,97 ± 0,02. En saison sèche, le coefficient d’allométrie b de la relation poids-longueur variait de 2,04 pour Mugil cephalus à 3,48 Sardinella maderensis avec une moyenne de 2,79 ± 0,03. Le facteur de condition variait en moyenne de 0,66 ± 0,06 pour Sardinella maderensis à 12,22± 0,28 pour Mugil cephalus. En saison des pluies, le coefficient d’allométrie b variait de 2,41 pour Eucinostomus melanopterus à 3,94 pour Sardinella maderensis, avec une moyenne de 3,01 ± 0,05. Le facteur de condition variait de 0,02± 0,002 pour Parachelon grandisquamis à 6,73 ± 0,41 pour Eucinostomus malanopterus. Pour les huit espèces communes, le coefficient d’allométrie b était plus élevé en saison de pluie qu’en saison sèche pour la plupart des espèces (63 %). Conclusion et application des résultats : Ces résultats rapportent des informations relatives à la biologie des poissons rencontrés dans la lagune Mvassa, mais aussi sur l’influence de la saison sur les relations poids-longueur et les coefficients de condition. Dembe Louvinguila et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.44 (1) : 7540-7552 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v44-1.1 7541 Seasonal effects on weight-length relationships and condition factors for 16 fish species from the Mvassa Lagoon, Lower Guinea, Republic of the Congo ABSTRACT Objectives: This study was initiated to establish weight-length relationships and condition factors of Ethmalosa fimbriata, Sardinella maderensis, Coptodon guinensis, Oreochromis schwebischi, Neochelon falcipinnis, Mugil cephalus, Parachelon grandisquamis, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Hemichromis elongatus, Pomadasys jubelini, Eleotris daganensis, Bathygobius soporator, Trachinotus teraia, Lutjanus goreensis, Mugil banannensis, et Sarotherodon melanotheron, 16 most abundant species of the Mvassa lagoon in the Republic of Congo. Methodology and results: Fish samples were taken at 9 stations utilizing 8, 10, 20 and 30 mm mesh gillnets. The weight-length relationships were performed using equation P = aLSb and their condition coefficients using equation K = 100*(P/LSb ). A total of 1566 specimens, divided into 5 orders, 8 families, 16 species of which 10 were caught in the dry season, 14 in the rainy season and 8 common species for both seasons were used in this study. The correlation coefficient r 2 was significant for both seasons and ranged from 0.91 for Neochelon falcipinnis and 0.99 for Pomadasys jubelini with an average of 0.97 ± 0.02. In the dry season, the allometry coefficient b of the weight-length relationship ranged from 2.04 for Mugil cephalus to 3.48 Sardinella maderensis with an average of 2.79 ± 0.03. The condition factor ranged on average from 0.66 ± 0.06 for Sardinella maderensis to 12.22 ± 0.28 for Mugil cephalus. In the rainy season, the allometry coefficient b ranged from 2.41 for Eucinostomus melanopterus to 3.940 for Sardinella maderensis, with an average of 3.014 ± 0.05. The condition factor ranged from 0.02 ± 0.002 for Parachelon grandisquamis to 6.73 ± 0.41 for Eucinostomus malanopterus. For the eight common species, the allometry coefficient b was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season for most species (63%). Conclusion and application of the results: These results report information on the biology of the fish encountered in the Mvassa lagoon, but also on the influence of the season on weight- length relationships and condition coefficients
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Saleh, B., A. A. Mohammed, A. M. Mohammad, A. Isah, and E. M. Zoaka. "Testicular morphometry, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves of camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the hot dry season in the Sahelian region of Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i2.2939.
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Livestock farmers may need a reference range of testicular sizes and sperm reserves to ascertain the reproductive efficiency of a male. However, information on camel testicular morphometry and gonadal sperm reserve in semi-arid Nigeria is scanty. This study was designed to provide information on testicular morphometry and gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves of camels in the Sahel region of Nigeria. Testes of 15 mature and healthy camels were obtained after slaughter from the Maiduguri central abattoir. Scrotal circumference was measured on the live animal to the nearest centimetre. Weights of each testis, epididymis and its distinct parts and tunica albuginae were obtained to the nearest milligram. The length and width of each testis and the length of the distinct parts of the epididymis were measured to the nearest millimetre. Gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves were also estimated. All data were subjected to descriptive statistics, paired sample t- test and correlation analysis. Scrotal circumference ranged from 24.00 to 49.00cm with an average of 38.59 ± 2.41cm. A high significant relationship (r = 0.69) between scrotal circumference and paired testis weight were observed. The left and right testes had similar sperm reserve. The sperm reserve of the left caput and caudal were however, higher (p>0.05) than those of the right. The mean epididymal sperm reserve for caput, corpus and caudal were 84.857×106, 268.71×106 and 542.79×106, respectively. It was concluded that testicular morphometric characteristics have the potential to be used in predicting sperm production capacity in live camels' bulls.
Les éleveurs peuvent avoir besoin d'une gamme de référence de tailles testiculaires et de réserves de sperme pour vérifier l'efficacité reproductive d'un mâle. Cependant, l'information sur la morphométrie testiculaire de chameau et la réserve gonadale de sperme au Nigeria semi-aride est maigre. Cette étude a été conçue pour fournir des informations sur la morphométrie testiculaire et les réserves gonadales et extragonadales de spermatozoïdes de chameaux dans la région du Sahel au Nigeria. Des testicules de 15 chameaux matures et sains ont été obtenus auprès de l'abat de l'abattoir central de Maiduguri. La circonférence scrotale a été mesurée sur l'animal vivant jusqu'au centimètre le plus proche. Des poids de chaque testicule, épididyme et ses parties distinctes et tunicaalbuginae ont été obtenus au milligramme le plus proche. La longueur et la largeur de chaque testicule et la longueur des parties distinctes de l'épididyme ont été mesurées au millimètre près. Les réserves de sperme gonadal et extra-gonadal ont également été estimées. Toutes les données ont fait l'objet de statistiques descriptives, d'un t-test apparié et d'une analyse de corrélation. La circonférencescrotale s'est étendue de 24.00 à 49.00cm avec une moyenne de 38.59 ± 2.41cm. On a observé une relation significative élevée (r = 0,69) entre la circonférence scrotale et le poids apparié des testicules. Les testicules gauche et droit ont eu la réserve semblable de sperme. La réserve de sperme du caput gauche et du caudal étaient toutefois plus élevées (p>0,05) que celles de la droite. La réserve épididymale moyenne de sperme pour le caput, le corpus et le caudal étaient 84.857×106, 268.71×106 et 542.79×106, respectivement. Il a été conclu que les caractéristiques morphométriques testiculaires ont le potentiel d'être utilisées pour prédire la capacité de production de sperme chez les taureaux de chameaux vivants.
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Nobah, Céline Sidonie Koco, Kouakou Augustin Kouame, Safiatou Coulibaly, Boua Célestin Atse, and Essetchi Paul Kouamelan. "Habitudes alimentaires du Coptodon hybride issu des croisements naturels entre Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848) et Coptodon guineensis (Günther, 1862) de la lagune Ebrié (Côte d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 13, 2020): 3307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.26.
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Coptodon hybride est un poisson issu des croisements naturels entre Coptodon zillii X Coptodon guineensis. La présente étude a pour objectif de caractériser les habitudes et les stratégies alimentaires de ce poisson, en fonction de la taille des individus, des stations d’échantillonnage et des saisons hydrologiques dans la lagune Ebrié (Côte d’Ivoire). Sur un total de 323 individus (65< longueur standard ≤ 225 mm) capturés d’août 2014 à juillet 2015 avec des filets maillants, 236 tubes digestifs contenaient des proies et 87 étaient vides (26,93%). L’Indice d’Importance Relative (%IRI) qui prend en compte les pourcentages d’occurrence, numérique et pondérale, a été utilisé pour évaluer l’importance relative des différentes catégories de proies dans les tubes digestifs. Cinq groupes de proies ont été identifiés : insectes, zooplancton, crustacés, phytoplancton et plantes terrestres. Le régime alimentaire de Coptodon hybride est essentiellement constitué de plantes terrestres, surtout de débris végétaux (91,53% de l’IRI). L’analyse du coefficient de corrélation de Spearman montre une variation du régime en fonction de la taille et des stations. Cependant, il n’y a pas d’influences significatives des saisons sur l’alimentation des individus de petites tailles (65-129 mm) et ceux de grandes tailles (130-225 mm).Mots clés: Habitudes alimentaires, Coptodon hybride, lagune Ebrié, Côte d’Ivoire. English Title: Feeding habits of hybrid Coptodon resulting from natural crosses between Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848) and Coptodon guineensis (Bleeker, 1862) in the Ebrié lagoon (Côte d'Ivoire)Hybrid Coptodon is a fish resulting from natural crosses between Coptodon zillii X Coptodon guineensis. The objective of this study is to characterize the feeding habits of this fish, according to the size of individuals, sampling sites and hydrological seasons in the Ebrié lagoon (Côte d'Ivoire). A total of 323 specimens (65< standard length ≤ 225 mm) were captured from August 2014 to July 2015 with gillnets. hundred and thirty-six digestive tracts contained prey and 87 were empty (26.93%). The Relative Index (%IRI), including the occurrence, numerical and weight percentages, was used to assess the importance of the different categories of prey in the digestive tract. Five groups of prey have been insects, zooplankton, crustaceans, phytoplankton and terrestrial plants. The hybrid tilapia’s diet shows terrestrial plants and plant debris (91.53% of IRI). The Spearman correlation coefficient analysis variations as a function of size and sample sites. However, there are no significant seasonal influences diet of small (65-129 mm) and large (130-225 mm) fish.Keywords: Feeding habits, hybrid Coptodon, Ebrié lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire.
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Yahaya, H. K., A. K. Olutunmogun, Y. B. Mohammad, M. M. Shettima, and M. Kabir. "Evaluation of egg quality characteristics of two strains of local turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Zaria, Kaduna State." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2891.
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The study was conducted to investigate the external and internal egg quality characteristics of two local strains of turkey during their early reproductive age. A total of 96 freshly laid eggs were sampled from two local turkey strains having black and white plumages. The turkeys were 33weeks of age with two months into lay. Data were collected weekly for three weeks on egg weight, egg length, egg diameter, shell thickness, shell weight, shell index, albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen: yolk ratio, albumen length, yolk length, albumen diameter, yolk diameter, albumen height, yolk height, yolk index and Haugh unit and analyzed using the statistical package of SAS. The results revealed that highly significant (p<0.01) differences in the external traits occurred in egg weight, egg length and shell weight with the white turkey strain been superior. Also, the internal traits recorded highly significant (p<0.01) differences in albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen: yolk ratio, albumen length, yolk length and yolk diameter with the white strain performing better than the black strain. Highly significant correlations (p>0.01) exits in most of the correlated traits with the except for Haugh unit that had no significantly (p<0.01) correlations. Thus, since significant variations exits between the two strains, selection activities are recommended to improve these economic traits in egg weight using it has an index in selection and in possible prediction of the quality of poults to be hatched. Also, economically, it may be used to know the consumers' preference on the quality of turkey eggs consumed. L'étude a été menée pour étudier les caractéristiques de qualité externe et interne des œufs de deux souches locales de dinde au début de leur âge de reproduction. Un total de 96 œufs fraîchement pondus ont été échantillonnés à partir de deux souches de dinde locales présentant des plumages noirs et blancs. Les dindes étaient âgées de 33 semaines avec deux mois de ponte. Des données ont été collectées chaque semaine pendant trois semaines sur le poids de l'œuf, la longueur de l'œuf, le diamètre de l'œuf, l'épaisseur de la coquille, le poids de la coquille, l'indice de la coquille, le poids de l'albumine, le poids du jaune, le rapport albumine: jaune, la longueur de l'albumen, la longueur du jaune, le diamètre de l'albumen, le diamètre du jaune, l'albumine hauteur, hauteur du jaune, indice de jaune et unité Haugh et analysés à l'aide du progiciel statistique de 'SAS'. Les résultats ont révélé que des différences très significatives (p = 0,01) dans les caractères externes se produisaient dans le poids des œufs, la longueur des œufs et le poids de la coquille avec la souche de dinde blanche supérieure. En outre, les traits internes ont enregistré des différences très significatives (p = 0,01) dans le poids de l'albumine, le poids du jaune, le rapport albumine : jaune, la longueur de l'albumine, la longueur du jaune et le diamètre du jaune, la souche blanche fonctionnant mieux que la souche noire. Des corrélations hautement significatives (p?0,01) existent dans la plupart des traits corrélés avec l'unité à l'exception de Haugh qui n'avait pas de corrélations significatives (p?0,01). Ainsi, étant donné que des variations importantes existent entre les deux souches, des activités de sélection sont recommandées pour améliorer ces caractères économiques en poids de l'œuf en utilisant un indice de sélection et de prédiction éventuelle de la qualité des dindonneaux à éclore. Aussi, économiquement, il peut être utilisé pour connaître la préférence des consommateurs sur la qualité des œufs de dinde consommés.
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Assongba, Yédjanlognon Faustin, Jean Innocent Essou, Cossi Aristide Adomou, and M. G. Julien Djego. "Caractérisation morphologique de Cleome gynandra L. au Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i1.16.
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Au Bénin des efforts scientifiques sont consentis pour la connaissance de la diversité végétale. Cleome gynandra L. (Caya blanc, Sabo en Adja, Akaya en Mahi et Semboué en Peulh) de la famille des Capparaceaes fait l'objet de cette étude à travers sa connaissance agromorphologique. La méthodologie utilisée passe par des observations et prélèvement dans la nature et jardins de case. Dix (10) pieds de la plante ont été collectés dans chaque zone climatique et un (1) pied dans le jardin botanique de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi. En plus des observations sur la plante complète, il est procédé à l’achat des graines de C. gynandra. Des variables quantitatives (hauteur de la plante, nombre de fruits par pied, longueur et diamètre des fruits, celle des pédoncules, nombre de ramification) et variables qualitatives (couleur, pilosité de la tige, couleur des fruits et graines et forme des feuilles) ont été observées, mesurées et calculées. Le traitement des variables a été possible par usage du logiciel XLSTAT- pro Version 2008. 1.01. Les relations entre variables ont été étudiées grâce à la matrice de corrélation de Pearson (n). Une Analyse en Composante Principale (ACP), a permis de ressortir si des différences significatives à un taux de 0,05 existent entre les variétés pour les caractères étudiés. L'étude a mis en évidence une grande variabilité agromorphologique dans les trois zones climatiques du Bénin par des caractères discriminant. Des différences significatives ont été observées entre les variables des trois zones climatiques d'une part et entre les individus issus des jardins de case et ceux collectés dans la nature d'autre part. L’ACP a mis en évidence trois grands ensembles. La classification ascendante hiérarchisée montre (8) ensembles qui tiennent compte des similarités et les observations.Mots clés : Cleome gynandra L, Akaya, variété, caractères, légume feuille et République du Bénin.
English Title: Morphological characterization of Cleome gynandra L. in Benin
In Benin, scientific efforts are being made for knowledge of plant diversity. Cleome gynandra L. (White Caya, Sabo in Adja, Akaya in Mahi and Semboué in Peulh) of the family Capparaceae is the subject of this study through its agromorphological knowledge. The methodology used involves observations and sampling in the nature and house gardens. Ten (10) feet of the plant were collected in each climatic zone and one (1) foot in the botanical garden of the University of Abomey-Calavi. In addition to the observations on the whole plant, the seeds of C. gynandra are purchased. Quantitative variables (plant height, number of fruits per foot, fruit length and diameter, peduncles, number of branching) and qualitative variables (color, stem hair, fruit and seed color and leaf forms) were observed, measured and calculated. Variable processing was possible using the XLSTAT-pro Version 2008 software. 1.01. Relationships between variables were studied using the Pearson correlation matrix (n). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed if significant differences at a rate of 0.05 exist between the varieties for the characters studied. The study revealed a large agromorphologicalvariability in the three climatic zones of Benin by discriminating characters. Significant differences were observed between the variables of the three climatic zones on the one hand and between the individuals from the house gardens and those collected in the wild on the other hand. The CPA has highlighted three major groups. The hierarchical ascending classification shows (8) sets that take into account similarities and observations.Keywords: Cleome gynandra L, Akaya, variety, characters, leaf vegetable and Republic of Benin.
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Khan, Zahid H. "Electronic Spectra of Radical Cations and Their Correlation with Photoelectron Spectra." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-0116.
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Absorption measurements on the radical cations of 3.4,8.9-dibenzotetraphene, pentaphene, 3.4-benzopentaphene, 6.7-benzopentaphene, and naphtho-(2'.3':6.7)pentaphene are made in the spectral region 7 - 5 0 kK. Electronic spectra of the cations are calculated using the Longuet- Higgins-Pople and Wasilewski type Open-Shell SCF-MO methods with limited configuration interaction. A detailed discussion of the absorption bands is given in the light of the calculations and the electronic transition energies of the cations derived from the ultraviolet photoelectron spectra of the parent hydrocarbons. The correlation between the optical and photoelectron spectra is closely examined and it is found to be excellent.
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Mani, Annamalai. "Survival of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus jordanensis Hashim in a fallow field after harvest of alfalfa." Nematology 1, no. 1 (1999): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199507884.
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AbstractSurvival of Pratylenchus jordanensis Hashim was studied in a field in fallow after the harvest of a crop of alfalfa and in storage under laboratory conditions. The nematodes survived in dry roots/ root residues under field conditions for 100 days. Vertical migration of the nematodes to deeper soil layers was observed when the top soil layer dried up. High numbers of nematodes survived at both 0-15 and 16-30 cm depths for 100 days. Then the field was ploughed under, which caused the soil to dry and the populations to decline. The nematodes survived for 380 days in a fallow field. They survived for 270 and 272 days under laboratory conditions in wet and shade-dried soil, respectively, and for 124 days in natural field soil at 30 degrees C. Significant negative correlation between nematode populations and storage temperature and positive correlation between nematode populations and soil moisture were observed. P. jordanensis did not survive for long in a drop of water on a glass slide, whereas it survived in filter paper discs for varying periods at different relative humidity levels. Survie de Pratylenchus jordanensis Hashim dans les jacheres suivant la recolte de luzerne - La survie de Pratylenchus jordanensis Hashim dans les jacheres suivant la recolte de luzerne et dans du sol stocke au laboratoire a ete etudiee. Au champ, le nematode survit 100 jours dans les racines dessechees ou les fragments de celles-ci. Il a ete observe une migration verticale des nematodes vers les couches plus profondes du sol lorsque la surface de celui-ci se desseche. Un grand nombre de nematodes survivent 100 jours a des profondeurs de 0-15 et 16-30 cm apres quoi les populations declinent du fait de la dessiccation causee par le labourage du champ. A 30 degrees C, le nematode survit 270 jours dans du sol humide, 272 jours dans du sol seche a l'ombre - l'un et l'autre dans les conditions du laboratoire - et 124 jours dans le sol naturel au champ. Il a ete observe des correlations significatives, negatives, entre populations du nematode et temperature de stockage, et positives, entre populations du nematode et humidite du sol. P. jordanensis ne survit pars longtemps dans une goutte d'eau placee sur une lame porte-objet, tandis qu'il est capable de se maintenir pendant des periodes plus ou moins longues si place sur des disques de papier filtre soumis a des taux d'humidite relative varies.
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Cho, Yong Jun. "Joint Distribution of the Wave Crest and Its Associated Period for Nonlinear Random Waves of Finite Bandwidth." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090654.
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The theoretical treatment of statistical properties relevant to nonlinear random waves of finite bandwidth, such as the joint distribution of wave crest and its associated wave period, is an overdue task hampered by the complicated form of the analytical model for sea surface elevation. In this study, we first derive the wave crest distribution based on the simplified version of the Longuet-Higgins’ wave model and proceed to derive the joint distribution of the wave crest and its associated period, and the conditional wave period distribution with a given wave crest, which are of great engineering value. It is shown that the bandwidth of the wave spectrum has a significant influence on the crest distribution, and the significant wave crest is getting larger in an increasing manner as nonlinearity is increased as expected. It also turns out that the positive correlation of wave crest height with its associated period is extended to more massive waves as nonlinearity is enhanced contrary to the general perception in the coastal engineering community that the wave crest is a statistically independent random process with wave period over large waves. The peak period decreases due to the destructive interference of second-order free harmonics.
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JIANG, LEI, HUAN-JAY LIN, WILLIAM W. SCHULTZ, and MARC PERLIN. "Unsteady ripple generation on steep gravity–capillary waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 386 (May 10, 1999): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099004450.
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Parasitic ripple generation on short gravity waves (4 cm to 10 cm wavelengths) is examined using fully nonlinear computations and laboratory experiments. Time-marching simulations show sensitivity of the ripple steepness to initial conditions, in particular to the crest asymmetry. Significant crest fore–aft asymmetry and its unsteadiness enhance ripple generation at moderate wave steepness, e.g. ka between 0.15 and 0.20, a mechanism not discussed in previous studies. The maximum ripple steepness (in time) is found to increase monotonically with the underlying (low-frequency bandpass) wave steepness in our simulations. This is different from the sub- or super-critical ripple generation predicted by Longuet-Higgins (1995). Unsteadiness in the underlying gravity–capillary waves is shown to cause ripple modulation and an interesting ‘crest-shifting’ phenomenon – the gravity–capillary wave crest and the first ripple on the forward slope merge to form a new crest. Including boundary layer efects in the free-surface conditions extends some of the simulations at large wave amplitudes. However, the essential process of parasitic ripple generation is nonlinear interaction in an inviscid flow. Mechanically generated gravity–capillary waves demonstrate similar characteristic features of ripple generation and a strong correlation between ripple steepness and crest asymmetry.
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Buc, Philippe. "Religion, war, and peace in premodern Islamicate polities and the Christian West." Violence: An International Journal 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633002420984913.
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The plural Islams and the various Christianities deriving from late Antique Catholicism constitute two families of monotheisms whose relation to armed violence and to peace can be compared over the longue durée. In both, war and peace coexist as values, with the sense however that there can be a corrupting bad peace and a wicked bad war. Both—albeit through different media—produced norms governing warfare. For both, there is a strong correlation between holy war and societal reform. In both, the potential to sacralize a space that then has to be defended (New Jerusalems or second Hejaz) figures prominently. In both, radical warfare, reform, and purge of one’s own group can be triggered by apocalyptic or eschatological expectations (with figures such as a person anticipating typologically the return of the vengeful Christ, a last world emperor, a mujaddid, or a Mahdī). While this contribution focuses mainly on the pre-modern world, it ends on an attempt to relate the current war waged by Boko Haram to this past.
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El Amraoui, Laaziz, Bojan Sič, Andrea Piacentini, Virginie Marécal, Nicolas Frebourg, and Jean-Luc Attié. "Aerosol data assimilation in the MOCAGE chemical transport model during the TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign: lidar observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 4645–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4645-2020.
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Abstract. This paper presents the first results about the assimilation of CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) extinction coefficient measurements onboard the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite in the MOCAGE (MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle) chemistry transport model of Météo-France. This assimilation module is an extension of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation system already presented by Sič et al. (2016). We focus on the period of the TRAQA (TRAnsport à longue distance et Qualité de l’Air dans le bassin méditerranéen) field campaign that took place during summer 2012. This period offers the opportunity to have access to a large set of aerosol observations from instrumented aircraft, balloons, satellite and ground-based stations. We evaluate the added value of CALIOP assimilation with respect to the model free run by comparing both fields to independent observations issued from the TRAQA field campaign. In this study we focus on the desert dust outbreak which happened during late June 2012 over the Mediterranean Basin (MB) during the TRAQA campaign. The comparison with the AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) AOD measurements shows that the assimilation of CALIOP lidar observations improves the statistics compared to the model free run. The correlation between AERONET and the model (assimilation) is 0.682 (0.753); the bias and the root mean square error (RMSE), due to CALIOP assimilation, are reduced from −0.063 to 0.048 and from 0.183 to 0.148, respectively. Compared to MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) AOD observations, the model free run shows an underestimation of the AOD values, whereas the CALIOP assimilation corrects this underestimation and shows a quantitative good improvement in terms of AOD maps over the MB. The correlation between MODIS and the model (assimilation) during the dust outbreak is 0.47 (0.52), whereas the bias is −0.18 (−0.02) and the RMSE is 0.36 (0.30). The comparison of in situ aircraft and balloon measurements to both modelled and assimilated outputs shows that the CALIOP lidar assimilation highly improves the model aerosol field. The evaluation with the LOAC (Light Optical Particle Counter) measurements indicates that the aerosol vertical profiles are well simulated by the direct model but with a general underestimation of the aerosol number concentration, especially in the altitude range 2–5 km. The CALIOP assimilation improves these results by a factor of 2.5 to 5. Analysis of the vertical distribution of the desert aerosol concentration shows that the aerosol dust transport event is well captured by the model but with an underestimated intensity. The assimilation of CALIOP observations allows the improvement of the geographical representation of the event within the model as well as its intensity by a factor of 2 in the altitude range 1–5 km.
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Wang, Y., K. N. Sartelet, M. Bocquet, P. Chazette, M. Sicard, G. D'Amico, J. F. Léon, et al. "Assimilation of lidar signals: application to aerosol forecasting in the Mediterranean Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 9 (May 21, 2014): 13059–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-13059-2014.
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Abstract. This paper presents a new application of assimilating lidar signals to aerosol forecasting. It aims at investigating the impact of a ground-based lidar network on analysis and short-term forecasts of aerosols through a case study in the Mediterranean. To do so, we employ a data assimilation (DA) algorithm based on the optimal interpolation method developed in the chemistry transport model (CTM) {Polair3D of the air quality modelling platform POLYPHEMUS. We assimilate hourly-averaged normalised range corrected lidar signals (PR2) retrieved from a 72 h period of intensive and continuous measurements performed in July 2012 by ground-based lidar systems of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) integrated into the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS) and an additional system in Corsica deployed in the framework of the pre-ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment)/TRAQA (TRAnsport à longue distance et Qualité de l'Air) campaign. This lidar campaign was dedicated to demonstrating the potential operationality of a research network like EARLINET and the potential usefulness of assimilation of lidar signals to aerosol forecasts. Particles with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and those with an aerodynamic diameter higher than 2.5 μm but lower than 10 μm (PM2.5–10) are analysed separately using the lidar observations at each DA step. First, we study the spatial and temporal influences of the assimilation of lidar signals on aerosol forecasting. We conduct sensitivity studies on algorithmic parameters, e.g. the horizontal correlation length (Lh) used in the background error covariance matrix (50 km, 100 km or 200 km), the altitudes at which DA is performed (0.75–3.5 km, 1.0–3.5 km or 1.5–3.5 km a.g.l.) and the assimilation period length (12 h or 24 h). We find that DA with Lh = 100 km and assimilation from 1.0 to 3.5 km a.g.l. during a 12 h assimilation period length leads to the best scores for PM10 and PM2.5 during the forecast period with reference to available measurements from surface networks. Secondly, the aerosol simulation results without and with lidar DA using the optimal parameters (Lh
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Sič, Bojan, Laaziz El Amraoui, Andrea Piacentini, Virginie Marécal, Emanuele Emili, Daniel Cariolle, Michael Prather, and Jean-Luc Attié. "Aerosol data assimilation in the chemical transport model MOCAGE during the TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign: aerosol optical depth." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 11 (November 22, 2016): 5535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5535-2016.
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Abstract. In this study, we describe the development of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation module in the chemistry transport model (CTM) MOCAGE (Modèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle). Our goal is to assimilate the spatially averaged 2-D column AOD data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, and to estimate improvements in a 3-D CTM assimilation run compared to a direct model run. Our assimilation system uses 3-D-FGAT (first guess at appropriate time) as an assimilation method and the total 3-D aerosol concentration as a control variable. In order to have an extensive validation dataset, we carried out our experiment in the northern summer of 2012 when the pre-ChArMEx (CHemistry and AeRosol MEditerranean EXperiment) field campaign TRAQA (TRAnsport à longue distance et Qualité de l'Air dans le bassin méditerranéen) took place in the western Mediterranean basin. The assimilated model run is evaluated independently against a range of aerosol properties (2-D and 3-D) measured by in situ instruments (the TRAQA size-resolved balloon and aircraft measurements), the satellite Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instrument and ground-based instruments from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) network. The evaluation demonstrates that the AOD assimilation greatly improves aerosol representation in the model. For example, the comparison of the direct and the assimilated model run with AERONET data shows that the assimilation increased the correlation (from 0.74 to 0.88), and reduced the bias (from 0.050 to 0.006) and the root mean square error in the AOD (from 0.12 to 0.07). When compared to the 3-D concentration data obtained by the in situ aircraft and balloon measurements, the assimilation consistently improves the model output. The best results as expected occur when the shape of the vertical profile is correctly simulated by the direct model. We also examine how the assimilation can influence the modelled aerosol vertical distribution. The results show that a 2-D continuous AOD assimilation can improve the 3-D vertical profile, as a result of differential horizontal transport of aerosols in the model.
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Ledi, Kwassi Kporliawornou, Komi Odah, Hodabalo Kamou, Atalaèsso Bokobana, Lidaou Egbare, Sêminhinva Akpavi, and Koffi Tozo. "Connaissances endogènes et perception du déficit hydrique liées à la culture du piment (Capsicum spp.) au Togo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 6 (October 7, 2020): 2204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.22.
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Au Togo, la production du piment (Capsicum spp.), légumineuse prisée, reste encore très faible. Afin d’aider à sa promotion, une enquête a été menée dans 20 localités, pour évaluer les contraintes qui y sont liées, la perception paysanne du déficit hydrique et les pratiques endogènes de gestion de l’eau. Au total, 28 contraintes ont été répertoriées dont la plus citée est le déficit hydrique (94,74%). La corrélation entre les localités et les contraintes citées a permis de définir trois groupes de localités dont deux géographiquement homogènes. La région centrale, avec le plus grand nombre de contraintes, connaît également les plus longues durées de poches de sécheresse en pleine saison pluvieuse (2,4 ± 0,75 semaines). En périodes de manque d’eau, les producteurs adoptent diverses pratiques endogènes consommatrices d’eau (irrigation, arrosage) et/ou conservatrices d’humidité (paillage, agriculture sur berge). Aussi, 34 cultivars, sous réserve de synonymie, ont été identifiés, répartis en six groupes suivant une classification ascendante hiérarchique basée sur la forme des fruits. Le cultivar Gboyébéssé est le plus prisé avec un indice de valeur d’importance de 1,22. Ces résultats pourront permettre de mieux planifier les plans d’action des différents acteurs de la filière piment pour une production optimale.Mots clés : Légumes, stress hydrique, pratiques endogènes, contraintes de culture, Togo.
English Title: Endogenous knowledges and perception of water deficit related to chilli (Capsicum spp.) cultivation of in TogoIn Togo, the production of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), estimated vegetable, is still very low. In order to help its promotion, a survey was conducted in 20 areas, to assess the related constraints, the peasant perception of water deficit and the endogenous practices of water management. A total of 28 constraints were identified and the most cited is water deficit (94.74%). Three groups of areas (of which two are geographically homogeneous) emerged after a correlation between areas and constraints. The central region, with the highest number of constraints cited, also has the longest dry pockets in the wet season (2.4 ± 0.75 weeks). In response to periods of lack of water, producers adopt various endogenous water-consuming practices (irrigation, watering) and/or humidity-conserving practices (mulching, riverbank farming). Also, the study identified 34 cultivars if no synonymy, divided into six groups according to an ascending hierarchical classification and based on the pomological characteristics of the fruit. Cultivar Gboyébéssé is the most popular cultivar with a value index of 1.22. These results can be the basis for better action plan of the various stakeholders in the chilli pepper sector for an optimal production.Keywords: Vegetables, water stress, endogenous practices, cultural constraints, Togo.
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Wang, Y., K. N. Sartelet, M. Bocquet, P. Chazette, M. Sicard, G. D'Amico, J. F. Léon, et al. "Assimilation of lidar signals: application to aerosol forecasting in the western Mediterranean basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 22 (November 17, 2014): 12031–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12031-2014.
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Abstract. This paper presents a new application of assimilating lidar signals to aerosol forecasting. It aims at investigating the impact of a ground-based lidar network on the analysis and short-term forecasts of aerosols through a case study in the Mediterranean basin. To do so, we employ a data assimilation (DA) algorithm based on the optimal interpolation method developed in the Polair3D chemistry transport model (CTM) of the Polyphemus air quality modelling platform. We assimilate hourly averaged normalised range-corrected lidar signals (PR2) retrieved from a 72 h period of intensive and continuous measurements performed in July 2012 by ground-based lidar systems of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) integrated into the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS) network and an additional system in Corsica deployed in the framework of the pre-ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment)/TRAQA (TRAnsport à longue distance et Qualité de l'Air) campaign. This lidar campaign was dedicated to demonstrating the potential operationality of a research network like EARLINET and the potential usefulness of assimilation of lidar signals to aerosol forecasts. Particles with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and those with an aerodynamic diameter higher than 2.5 μm but lower than 10 μm (PM10–2.5) are analysed separately using the lidar observations at each DA step. First, we study the spatial and temporal influences of the assimilation of lidar signals on aerosol forecasting. We conduct sensitivity studies on algorithmic parameters, e.g. the horizontal correlation length (Lh) used in the background error covariance matrix (50 km, 100 km or 200 km), the altitudes at which DA is performed (0.75–3.5 km, 1.0–3.5 km or 1.5–3.5 km a.g.l.) and the assimilation period length (12 h or 24 h). We find that DA with Lh = 100 km and assimilation from 1.0 to 3.5 km a.g.l. during a 12 h assimilation period length leads to the best scores for PM10 and PM2.5 during the forecast period with reference to available measurements from surface networks. Secondly, the aerosol simulation results without and with lidar DA using the optimal parameters (Lh = 100 km, an assimilation altitude range from 1.0 to 3.5 km a.g.l. and a 12 h DA period) are evaluated using the level 2.0 (cloud-screened and quality-assured) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from AERONET, and mass concentration measurements (PM10 or PM2.5) from the French air quality (BDQA) network and the EMEP-Spain/Portugal network. The results show that the simulation with DA leads to better scores than the one without DA for PM2.5, PM10and AOD. Additionally, the comparison of model results to evaluation data indicates that the temporal impact of assimilating lidar signals is longer than 36 h after the assimilation period.
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Bernaudin, Francoise, Cécile Arnaud, Annie Kamdem, Serge Pissard, Isabelle Hau, Ralph Epaud, and Corinne Pondarré. "Impact of α-Gene Deletions and β-Globin Cluster Haplotypes on Biological Parameters at Baseline and on Hydroxyurea in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.10.10.
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Abstract Despite being a monogenic disease, sickle cell anemia (SCA) is remarkably heterogeneous in its phenotypic expression. Additional genetic polymorphisms such as α-thalassemia co-inheritance and β-globin haplotypes have a recognized influence. Alpha-thalassemia reduces HbS polymerization and decreases hemolysis by lowering intracellular hemoglobin concentration. The three major β-globin haplotypes, Senegal (SEN), Benin (BEN) and Bantu/Central African Republic (CAR), have been reported to affect disease severity, in part by influencing baseline HbF levels, but no studies in large cohorts have so far compared the biological parameters in patients with these haplotypes. The haplotype BEN is largely predominant in the US, and patients are often compound heterozygotes for two different haplotypes, whereas the haplotype CAR is rarely observed. In Africa, environmental, nutritional and infectious factors make it difficult to distinguish the role of haplotypes in modulating hematological characteristics. In France, SCA-patients are frequently homozygous for the different haplotypes, rendering the comparison of hematological parameters possible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of α-thalassemia and β-haplotypes on the biological parameters recorded at baseline and on hydroxyurea (HU). SCA-patients from the Créteil pediatric cohort with available assessment of α genes, β-haplotypes and baseline parameters were included in this study (n=578). Alpha-thalassemia was present in 254/578 (44%), with 191 (33%) having one deleted gene and 63 (10.9%) two. CAR/CAR homozygosity was present in 216 (37.4%), BEN/BEN in 140 (24.2%) and SEN/SEN in 69 (11.9%) patients, and 153 (26.5%) had other haplotypes (Cameroon, atypical or heterozygous). The presence of α-Thal was significantly more frequent (p<0.001) in CAR/CAR (121/216; 56%) than in BEN/BEN (43/140; 31%) and SEN/SEN (19/69, 28%). Univariate correlations of biological parameters with the number of α genes and β-haplotypes are shown in Table 1. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that HbF% was positively correlated with SEN (β=0.152,p=0.003) and negatively with CAR (β=-0.189,p<0.001) whereas hemoglobin and LDH were inversely correlated with the number of α genes (β=-0.225,p<0.001 and β=0.201,p<0.001) and CAR haplotypes (β=-0.230,p<0.001 and β=0.171,p=0.001) respectively. As shown in Table 2, hemoglobin and HbF% were significantly lower in CAR/CAR than in BEN/BEN, and lower in BEN/BEN than in SEN/SEN, independently of the α-Thal status. Whereas LDH was not different in patients with α-Thal, LDH was significantly higher in CAR/CAR than in BEN/BEN and SEN/SEN in those with no α-Thal. Thus, the CAR/CAR patients with no α-Thal have the most severe hemolytic anemia with the lowest Hb and highest LDH levels. Hydroxyurea was given to 168 SCA-children at the median age of 6.6 years and the median dose of 26 mg/kg/day for at least one year between February 1993 and December 2014. The biological parameters were recorded when HbF % increase was maximal, and the delta (D) values from the initiation levels were calculated. Indications for HU were frequent VOC/ACS (n=101), severe anemia (n=23), and normalized TCD in patients with abnormal-TCD history (n=44). Alpha-Thal was present in 72/168 (56%), while CAR/CAR was present in 77/168 (46%), BEN/BEN in 41/168 (24%), and SEN/SEN in 12/168 (7%). Table 3 summarizes the biological parameters and D changes. Paired analysis showed significant changes in all parameters whatever the β-haplotypes and α gene number. Leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, reticulocytes, bilirubin, LDH were lower while hemoglobin, MCV and HbF were higher. However, the SEN/SEN/α-Thal group was too small to show significance. On HU, parameters were no longuer significantly different between CAR/CAR patients and the others, except for hemoglobin that remained significantly lower (p=0.008) in CAR/CAR patients without α-Thal than in BEN/BEN and SEN/SEN patients. In conclusion, patients without α-Thal and with the CAR/CAR β-haplotype have the most severe hemolytic anemia at baseline. Despite a significant increase of their hemoglobin level on HU, they remain the most severely anemic patients. These results may explain some of the discrepancies observed between US and French studies, in particular regarding the effects of HU on cerebral vasculopathy for which the correction of anemia is crucial. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Meziani, Z., H. Hassaine, and F. Belhachemi. "Infections of implantable cardiac devices by biofilm forming bacteria in western Algeria hospitals." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 21, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v21i4.5.
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Background: The significant increase in the use of implantable cardiac devices (ICDs) has been accompanied by biofilm formation and increase rate of infection on the devices. The purpose of our study is to describe the clinical and microbiological findings of infection of ICDs in the cardiology units of western Algeria hospitals.
Methodology: All patients with clinical diagnosis of ICD infections or infective endocarditis upon removal of their ICDs from December 2012 to August 2014 in cardiology units of 4 Algerian hospitals were included in the study. Each element of the ICD pocket and lead was separately sonicated in sterile saline, inoculated onto Chapman and MacConkey agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37oC for colony count after 24 hours. Biochemical identification of the bacteria isolates was made by API 20E, API 20 NE and API Staph, and confirmed by Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics WalkAway® 96 Plus System. Antibiotic susceptibility testing on each isolate was performed by the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. Biofilm formation was detected by Congo Red Agar (CRA) and Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) methods, and hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell was determined by the MATH protocol.
Results: Over a period of twenty-one months, 17 ICDs were removed from patients with post-operative infections; 6 (35.3%) had early infection of ICD and 11 (64.7%) had late ICD infection. Fifty-four bacterial strains were isolated and identified, with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the predominant bacteria with 46.3% (25/54). There was no significant association between hydrophobicity and antimicrobial resistance in the 54 isolates but there is positive correlation between biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance, with the strongest biofilm producers resistant to more than one antibiotic. Four independent predictors of infection of resynchronization devices were reported; reoperation, multi-morbidity, long procedure, and ICD implantation.
Conclusion: Our study is the first in Algeria to describe microbiological characteristics of ICD infection. The bacteria in the biofilm were protected, more resistant and tolerated high concentrations of antibiotics and thus played a major role in the development of ICD infections. Despite the improvements in ICD design and implantation techniques, ICD infection remains a serious challenge.
Keywords: implantable cardiac devices, staphylococci, resistance, biofilm, hydrophobicity
French title: Infections des dispositifs cardiaques implantables par des bactéries formant un biofilm dans les hôpitaux de l'ouest Algérien
Contexte: L'augmentation significative de l'utilisation des dispositifs cardiaques implantables est un risque majeur d'augmentation du taux d'infection et donc du risque de formation d'un biofilm sur ce genre de dispositifs. L'objectif de notre étude est de décrire les résultats cliniques et microbiologiques de l'infection sur les dispositifs cardiaques implantables (DCI) dans les unités de cardiologie des hôpitaux de l'ouest Algérien.
Méthodologie: Tous les patients cliniquement diagnostiqués avec une infection sur DCI, ou une endocardite infectieuse et ayant subit un retrait de leur dispositif cardiaque sont inclus dans cette étude et cela sur une période entre décembre 2012 et aout 2014 dans 4 unités de cardiologie. Chaque élément du DCI (boitier et sonde) est trempé séparément dans une solution saline stérile, ensemencé sur deux milieux de culture, un milieu de Chapman et un milieu MacConkey et incubé en aérobiose à 37°C pour la numération des colonies après 24 heures. L'identification biochimique des isolats de bactéries est effectuée par le API 20E, API 20 NE et API Staph, et confirmée par le système WalkAway® 96 Plus de Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics. Les tests de sensibilité aux antibiotiques de chaque isolat sont effectués par la méthode de diffusion des disques sur gélose de Mueller Hinton. La formation d'un biofilm est détectée par les méthodes de la gélose rouge du Congo (CRA) et de la plaque de culture tissulaire (TCP), et l'hydrophobicité de la cellule bactérienne est déterminée par le protocole MATH.
Résultats: Sur une période de 21 mois, 17 DCI sont retirés de patients atteints d'infections postopératoires; 6 patients (35,3%) sont identifiés comme ayant une infection précoce sur leurs DCI et 11 patients (64,7%) ayant une infection tardive. Cinquante-quatre souches bactériennes sont isolées et identifiées, les staphylocoques à coagulase négative étant les bactéries prédominantes avec 46,3% (25/54). Il n'y a pas d'association significative entre l'hydrophobicité et la résistance aux antimicrobiens dans les 54 isolats, mais il existe une corrélation positive entre la production de biofilm et la résistance aux antimicrobiens, les plus puissants en biofilm sont résistant à plus d'un antibiotique. Quatre facteurs prédictifs indépendants d’infection des dispositifs cardiaques implantable sont retrouvés dans ce travail: ré-intervention, longue procédure, sujets multi-tarés, et implantation d’un DCI
Conclusion: Notre étude est la première en Algérie à décrire les caractéristiques microbiologiques de l'infection des DCI. Les bactéries présentes dans le biofilm sont protégées, plus résistantes et tolèrent de fortes concentrations d'antibiotiques et jouent ainsi un rôle majeur dans le développement des infections par DCI. Malgré des améliorations dans les techniques de conception et d'implantation de DCI, l'infection des dispositifs cardiaques implantables reste un problème grave et très couteux.
Mots-clés: dispositifs cardiaques implantables; staphylocoque; résistance; biofilm; hydrophobicité
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Ciuca, C., E. Angeli, L. Careddu, M. Di Dio, F. Petridis, L. Ragni, T. Hasan, A. Donti, D. Gargiulo, and A. Balducci. "P1599 Longue term outcome after surgical repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect: 2D versus 3D echocardiographic evaluation." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 21, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jez319.1017.
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Abstract Purpose Assessment of longue term follow-up after surgical repair of Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect (cAVSD). Evaluation of 3D versus standard 2D echocardiographic accuracy during the last follow-up. Methods 43 patients were included in this study. Mean age at surgical repair was 7 months, 48.8% of patients were male; 67.4% had Down Syndrome. Mean time follow-up was 13 ± 6 years. During the last follow-up 2D and 3D echo evaluation were performed. Results All patients were alive and had a NYHA class I at the last follow-up. Survival free from new cardiac surgery at 13 years was 86%. During follow-up a progressive moderate to severe/severe mitral regurgitation (MR) was observed in 6 patients (16.3%) while 4 patients developed a progressive left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO); overall 5 patients underwent new cardiac surgery (3 for MR and 2 for LVOTO). Echocardiographic evaluation showed: LV end diastolic volume 55.7 ± 13.0ml/m2, LV ejection fraction 64 ± 5%, left atrium volume 24.9 ± 13.9ml/m2, right ventricle systolic pression 21.0 ± 2.0 and a LVOT gradient 14.6 ± 16.4 mmHg. Mitral valve evaluation is evidenced in Table 1. Predictor factors of severe MR during follow-up were the cleft area and depth and the presence of anterior leaflet prolapse. Cohen’s kappa evidenced a good correlation between 2D and 3D VC evaluation with a higher sensibility of 3D evaluation to identify severe MR, data confirmed by the ROC curve analysis (Figure A and B). Conclusions Clinical outcome after cAVSD surgical repair is excellent with a low rate of reintervention. 3D echo evaluation is more sensitive to identify both predictors and severity of MR ì. LAST Follow-up echocardiography 2D evaluation 3D evaluation Mitral Valve evaluation Vena contracta, mm 4.8 ± 2.5 5.3 ± 2.5 Regurgitant volume, ml 25 ± 20 ERO, cm2 0.17 ± 0.13 Mean gradient, mmHg 4 ± 2.4 Residual cleft, n(%) A1 A2 A3 30 (90.7) 4 (9.3) 33 (76.8) 6 (13.9) Cleft area,cm2 0.19 ± 0.21 Cleft depth, mm 5 .0 ± 2.9 Valve thickening, n(%) 14 (13.6) Leaflet Prolapse, n (%) Anterior Leaflet Prolapse, n (%) Posterior Leaflet Prolapse, n (%) 30 (69.7) 25 (58.1) 10 (23.2) Single papilary, n(%) 10 (23.2) Abstract P1599 Figure.
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Thorne, Hannah Briony, Matthew Browne, Matthew Justus Rockloff, and Sally Anne Ferguson. "That’s what you get for waking up in Vegas: Fatigue and alcohol consumption are associated with the duration of gambling sessions." Journal of Gambling Issues 42 (June 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2019.42.8.
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Fatigue and intoxication can impair people’s thinking, including their decision-making and assessments of risk. However, little research has specifically examined whether links exist between episodes of gambling, sleep restriction and alcohol consumption. Gambling often occurs in environments where alcohol is served and opening hours are long, making potential interactions between intoxication, fatigue and gambling relevant for exploration from a harm reduction standpoint. The current study tracked the gambling, alcohol consumption and sleep patterns of an online sample of regular gamblers and drinkers (N = 132, 28% female) for six days using online diaries. Results confirm that the three behaviours are related at the individual level; with significant between-subjects correlations between gambling and sleep (r = –.20), gambling and alcohol consumption (r = .22), and sleep and alcohol consumption (r = –.19). However, no strong or reliable within-subjects (day by day) relationships were found. That is, although more intense gamblers slept less and drank more, they were no more likely to drink relatively more or sleep relatively less, on the same days which they gambled. We also observed a negative auto-correlation effect for each behaviour: engaging in more of one behaviour on one day is associated with a reduction of the same behaviour the following day. This result suggests that individual-level traits, rather than contextual or environmental effects, are responsible for observed co-morbidities between these health-related behaviours. Further, that gambling consumption, like alcohol and sleep, is subject to satiation and refractory effects.RésuméLa fatigue et l’intoxication peuvent nuire à la faculté de penser, notamment à la prise de décisions et à l’évaluation des risques. Cependant, peu de recherches ont particulièrement tenté de découvrir s’il existait des liens entre des épisodes de jeu, une privation de sommeil et une consommation d’alcool. Le jeu se produit souvent dans des lieux où l’on sert de l’alcool et les heures d’ouverture sont longues; ces endroits sont donc propices à l’exploration des interactions potentielles entre l’intoxication, la fatigue et le jeu, du point de vue de la réduction des méfaits. La présente étude a suivi les tendances de jeu, de consommation d’alcool et de manque de sommeil d’un échantillon en ligne de joueurs et de buveurs réguliers (N = 132, 28% de femmes) pendant six jours à l’aide de journaux en ligne. Les résultats confirment que les trois comportements sont liés sur le plan individuel, avec des corrélations significatives entre les sujets, notamment entre le jeu et le sommeil (r = –.20), le jeu et la consommation d’alcool (r = 0,22) et le sommeil et la consommation d’alcool (r = –0,19). Cependant, aucune relation intrasujet forte ou fiable (jour après jour) n’a été constatée. Autrement dit, même si les joueurs plus actifs dormaient moins et buvaient plus, ils n’étaient pas plus susceptibles de boire relativement plus ou de dormir moins les jours où ils jouaient. Nous avons également observé un effet d’autocorrélation négatif pour chaque comportement : s’engager intensément dans un comportement le même jour est associé à une réduction du même comportement le jour suivant. Ce résultat laisse croire que les traits individuels, plutôt que les effets contextuels ou environnementaux, sont responsables des comorbidités observées entre ces comportements liés à la santé. De plus, les comportements liés au jeu, comme la consommation d’alcool et le manque de sommeil, sont sujets à des effets de saturation et à des effets réfractaires.
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Kaczmarek, Maciej, and Grzegorz Szczurek. "The Early Iron Age Fortified Settlements in Wielkopolska (western Poland) ‒ past and present perspectives in archaeological research." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 90, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2015-0011.
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In der Region Wielkopolska (Großpolen) befinden sich eine Reihe befestigter Siedlungen, die in die frühe Eisenzeit datieren und einzigartige Merkmale hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion, Genese und Chronologie aufweisen. Bedeutsam sind diese Siedlungsbefunde nicht nur im Blickwinkel der Vorgeschichte Polens, sondern auch im überregionalen Kontext. Die Deutung dieser Siedlungen, die bereits über längere Zeiträume im Mittelpunkt der Forschung standen und dabei unter verschiedenen räumlichen und fachspezifischen Fragestellungen betrachtet wurden, ist sehr unterschiedlich, wird in der Forschung jedoch als eher unbefriedigend angesehen. Neben jenen Siedlungen gibt es noch weitere Fundplätze, die jedoch zumeist in nur wenigen Kampagnen oder in vereinzelten Sondagen archäologisch untersucht wurden. Ausgenommen davon sind die Siedlungen Biskupin und Sobiejuchy. Auch die Ergebnisse jener Forschungen müssen unter verschiedenen Aspekten als wenig zufriedenstellend bezeichnet werden. Obgleich der Forschung heutzutage ein breites Spektrum fortschrittlicher und ausgefeilter Technologien für die Gewinnung absoluter Datierungen zur Verfügung steht, liegen doch für die hier betrachtete Region nur wenige Fakten zur Chronologie befestigter hallstattzeitlicher Siedlungen vor. Aus diesen Gründen begannen die Autoren ein Projekt zur Erarbeitung und Sammlung genau jener Schlüsselinformationen. Die wichtigsten Verfahren zur Gewinnung absoluter Daten waren dabei neben der Dendrochronologie Radiokarbonuntersuchungen an Hölzern, organischen Materialen aus den Kulturschichten sowie an osteologischem Material, ferner Lumineszenzuntersuchungen von Keramik. Ein weiterer wichtiger Baustein des Projekts bestand im Vergleich der auf diesem Weg gewonnenen Daten mit solchen aus traditionellen archäologischen Studien (etwa bezüglich der Änderung von Keramikstilen).Die Verfasser strebten außerdem an, die Entwicklung befestigter hallstattzeitlicher Siedlungen mit Hilfe der Fernerkundung, der Luftaufklärung, geophysikalischer Untersuchungen und digitaler Geländemodelle (Geomagnetik, 3D-Modellierungen, Orthofotografien) besser zu verstehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einen vorläufigen Bericht über die entsprechenden Untersuchungen in Großpolen dar.Le caractère des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt dans la région de Wielkopolska est unique en ce qui concerne leur évolution interne, le rôle qu’ils ont pu remplir, leur origine et leur chronologie. Il s’agit d’un groupe de monuments fondamentaux, et leur étude dépasse le simple examen d’un aspect particulier de la préhistoire polonaise. Ces habitats, qui ont été étudiés au cours des ans de façon fort variable et sous des angles divers, sont mal connus, comme la littérature spécialisée l’a relevé depuis longtemps. Il existe, en dehors des sites fouillés au cours de longues campagnes pluriannuelles (tels Biskupin et Sobiejuchy), des sites qui n’ont fait l’objet que de courtes campagnes d’une ou deux saisons ou des sites ou seuls de petits sondages ont été faits. De plus, l’analyse des résultats de ces fouilles laisse en général aussi à désirer. Malgré les possibilités offertes par les nouvelles méthodes de datation absolue, notre connaissance des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt dans la région de Wielkopolska est encore fort maigre. Les auteurs ont ainsi initié un nouveau projet dont l’objectif est d’obtenir plus d’informations sur des aspects de ces habitats non explorés ou insuffisamment étudiés. La datation absolue par radiocarbone et par dendrochronologie (d’éléments structurels en bois, de matériel organique provenant de couches culturelles, d’ossements) et par luminescence (pour la céramique) constitue l’objectif principal de cette étude. De plus nous tentons d’établir des corrélations entre les dates obtenues et la masse de matériel archéologique récupéré afin de vérifier et de modifier les dates obtenues par les méthodes traditionnelles de datation (basée sur les changements typologiques de la céramique). Enfin, nous espérons obtenir des informations plus étendues sur l’évolution des habitats fortifiés de l’époque de Hallstatt de la région par l’application de méthodes de prospections telles la photographie aérienne, les prospections géophysiques, les modèles numériques de terrain (par magnétométrie, modèles en 3D, ortho-photographies). Notre article est un rapport préliminaire sur l’étude en cours des habitats fortifiés de Wielkopolska.The unique nature of the Early Iron Age fortified settlements of Wielkopolska, in terms of their internal development, alleged function, genesis and chronology, places them in a group of monuments that have a fundamental meaning. Studying these sites goes beyond understanding this particular aspect of Polish prehistory. The recognition of these settlements, studied over the years and considered under various spatial and subject-specific angles, is very uneven and, in general, unsatisfactory, as has long been pointed out in the literature. Apart from the sites explored in long-term excavation campaigns, there are sites where reconnaissance work was carried out over only one or two seasons (excepting Biskupin and Sobiejuchy) or where only sondages were made. Furthermore, the analysis of the results of these investigations is, in general, also fairly unsatisfactory. Despite the opportunities offered by the current methods of absolute dating, we still know very little about the chronology of the fortified Hallstatt settlements of Wielkopolska. Hence the authors have started a new project aimed at gathering key information that has not so far been obtained or that has been insufficiently investigated. The most important element is absolute dating by dendrochronological and radiocarbon methods (timber structural elements, organic material from culture layers, osteological material) and luminescence (ceramics). Another important aspect consists of attempts at correlating the absolute dates obtained with the mass of archaeological material to verify and modify the traditional dating methods (changes in pottery styles). Last but not least we aim to obtain broader information regarding the development of all Hallstatt fortified sites from the study area through remote sensing, which includes aerial reconnaissance, geophysical surveys, digital terrain models (magnetometry maps, 3D models, orthophotographs). This article is a preliminary report on the new investigations of the Wielkopolska fortified settlements currently being conducted by the authors.