Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Longueurs d'onde'
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Bacquet, Hervé. "Longueurs d'onde, luminance, facteur de luminance." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010519.
Full textTwo theories are to be found at the origin of this memoir. A fragment of the retinex theory by e. H. Land and the abney law about the interaction of two major wavelengths at the level of the luminosity and the field of transmittance. We shall work here on the relationship source surface. The first part of the memoir deals with the setting of a device of classifications made by individuals subjects on the one hand and on the other the systematic measures with spectrophometer of each one of the six sources and of each receiving surface (seven altogether, placed on a magnetic support which can be manipulated by each one of the forty subjects individuals). The setting up of this experimental device has taken about one year: and in the end, a method has been chosen for the reactions of the subjects as well as for the coherence of the results. One of the characteristics of the device deals with the mobility of the subject in front of the surfaces. In keeping with the answers obtained by the subjects a theoretical energetic classification has been set up from the measures of each sample and of each source on the spectrophotometer, integrating the efficiency luminancy coefficient in the photopic domain. The similitude of the results (93,27%) allows us to validate the abney law for the relationship between surface and support, as well as the classification method which has been used
Garnot, Mathieu. "Réseaux optiques de télécommunications multiplexés en longueur d'onde : Architectures et stratégies d'allocation de la longueur d'onde." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112460.
Full textDelisle, Vincent. "Guide d'ondes antirésonants comme éléments sélectifs dans les communications multi-longueurs d'onde." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25231.pdf.
Full textCubizolles, Bernard. "Paramétrisation du rayonnement atmosphérique de grandes longueurs d'onde." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596904c.
Full textCubizolles, Bernard. "Paramétrisation du rayonnement atmosphérique de grandes longueurs d'onde." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4026.
Full textCALVEZ, Stéphane. "LASER A FIBRE POUR LES TELECOMMUNICATIONS MULTIPLEXEES EN LONGUEUR D'ONDE : ETUDE DE L'ACCORDABILITE EN LONGUEUR D'ONDE ET DE LA GENERATION DE TRAINS MULTI-LONGUEURS D'ONDE D'IMPULSIONS PAR VOIE ELECTRO-OPTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003336.
Full textCalvez, Stéphane. "Laser à fibre pour les télécommunications multiplexées en longueur d'onde: Etude de l'accordabilité en longueur d'onde et de la génération de trains d'impulsions multi-longueurs d'onde par voie électro-optique." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2049.
Full textThe development of multi-wavelength and tunable sources could give the opportunity to facilitate the installation of fibre-optic wavelength-division-multiplexed systems of telecommunications and could also enable the reconfiguration of the network at the optical level. In that frame, the proposed work studies a ring fibre laser, which includes an erbium-doped fibre amplifier as gain medium and an electro-optically-tunable Lyot filter integrated on lithium niobate. When a continuous control is applied to the filter, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate that the wavelength of emission can be tuned over 18. 8 nm with power fluctuations not greater than 5. 7 dB. Furthermore, we observe that the switching of the laser wavelength is limited by the gain medium response. It is also shown that pulse generation can be achieved by use of an intracavity lithium niobate modulator and could be integrated as a new function on the filter chip. Finally, we investigate the behaviour of the laser when the filter transmission varies. When a "staircase" or saw-tooth signal is applied to the filter with a frequency lower than a few kilohertz, generation of sequences of pulses with different wavelength is demonstrated. At higher frequencies, sine-wave modulation of the filter transmission allows to create pulses via a new type of mode-locking technique
Sauron, Jérôme. "Multiplexage de longueurs d'onde analyse, simulation, bilan de liaison, réalisations /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609716v.
Full textColeiro, Alexis. "Etudes multi-longueurs d'onde d'étoiles binaires accrétantes de grande masse." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077218.
Full textHigh-Mass X-ray Binaries are interacting binary systems composed of a compact object orbiting an O/B massive star. These objects are deeply studied with the aim of understanding accretion and ejection processes around compact objects. Recent studies claim that most of the Galactic massive stars do not live alone and suffer from mass transfer during their life. Therefore, understanding the HMXB evolution and their interaction with the close environment allows to better understand not only the evolution of massive binary stars, possible progenitors of gamma-ray bursts and gravitational waves emitters during their coalescence, but also to correctly characterize the faraway galaxies. How do these sources evolve? Where are they located in the Galaxy? What are their principal properties? What is the influence of their environment? What is their impact on the interstellar medium? This thesis aims at shedding some light on these questions, by adopting two complementary approaches : a statistical study of the Galactic population of HMXB and on another hand a multi-wavelength study of individual sources
Marcillac, Delphine. "Etude multi-longueurs d'onde des galaxies lumineuses en infrarouge distantes." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112302.
Full textRIGAUD, DOMINIQUE. "Etude de la couronne solaire calme aux longueurs d'onde metriques." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112028.
Full textSauron, Jérôme. "Multiplexage de longueurs d'onde : analyse, simulation, bilan de liaison, réalisations." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0074.
Full textBaribeau, François. "Guide d'onde effilé comme compensateur de dispersion chromatique dans les systèmes de communications multi-longueurs d'onde." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60696.pdf.
Full textServillat, Mathieu. "Identification multi-longueurs d'onde des sources X faibles des amas globulaires." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375366.
Full textRitacco, Alessia. "Polarimétrie aux longueurs d'onde millimétriques avec les instruments NIKA et NIKA2." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY018/document.
Full textThe role played by magnetic fields in the star formation process is an outstanding question of modern astrophysics. Herschel satellite observations have unveiled filamentary structures as the preferential sites of star formation. Complementary low resolution observations of dust polarization by the Planck satellite have demonstrated that these filamentary structures are associated to well organized magnetic fields, which should play a major role in this process. A better understanding of this process requires detailed observations of galactic dust polarization on scales of 0.01 pc to 0.1 pc. Such high resolution polarization observations can be carried out at the IRAM 30 meter telescope using the recently installed New IRAM Kid Array (NIKA2) camera, which features two frequency bands at 260 (polarized) and 150 (non polarized) GHz for a total of 3300 detectors, 12 and 18 arcsec FWHM resolution and Field of View (FoV) of 6.5 arcminutes diameter. The NIKA camera, which consists of two arrays of 132 and 224 LEKIDs (Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors) covering a FoV of ∼1.8 arcminutes at 1.15 (260) and 2.05 (150) mm (GHz), was installed at the IRAM 30 telescope from 2012 to 2015.The purpose of this thesis was the characterization of the NIKA polarization system performance. The system consisted of a rotating multi-mesh half wave plate and a grid polarizer. The rapidity of the LEKID detectors combined to the modulation of the HWP permits the simultaneous measurement of the three stokes parameters I,Q,U, components of the linear polarization. Then the signal is extracted with a lock-in procedure by isolating the amplitude of the mechanical rotation fourth harmonic.In the first part of the thesis the instrumental efficiency characterization of the system is presented. Later, the dedicated polarization data analysis is described. It has been specifically developed for the NIKA instrument and has allowed to map polarisation observations of compact and extended sources.The data reduction of unpolarized sources observations showed an instrumental polarization systematic effect. In order to correct for this effect an algorithm has been developed allowing to reduce an observed instrumental polarization of the order of ~ 3 % to below ~ 1%. In addition, polarized sources observations corrected for the systematic effect confirmed the potentiality of the NIKA polarimeter to measure the polarization. This opens the way to forthcoming observations with NIKA2 that will undoubtedly provide advances in the field of Galactic emission and interactions with the magnetic field
Péault, Mathias. "Émission multi-longueurs d'onde du jet compact de MAXI J1836-194." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30299.
Full textRelativistic jets, although ubiquitous in the Universe, have not yet delivered all their secrets. On the contrary, some of the most fundamental questions of the field remain unanswered. The ejection mechanism at the origin of the emission is still unknown, characterising it precisely would lift the veil on the nature of the intimate link between ejection and accretion of matter. I describe in this manuscript a study aiming to reproduce five radio-X spectra of a microquasar, MAXI J1836-194, using an internal shocks model. This model, named ishem, is a pioneer in the domain since it is based on the groundbreaking hypothesis that the jet velocity fluctuations are directly driven by the accretion flow variability. I propose here a scenario recreating the 2011 outburst of the source and propose some reflections with the aim of upgrading the model
Salez, Morvan. "Nouvelles orientations pour les récepteurs hétérodynes sis aux longueurs d'onde submillimétriques." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077275.
Full textLafond, Schultz Emmanuelle. "Etude d'une source laser multi-longueurs d'onde émettant dans le visible." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS047.
Full textRoux, Sophie. "Conversion de fréquence vers les grandes longueurs d'onde dans des guides d'onde en semi-conducteurs à orientation périodique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT296/document.
Full textThe development of compact and tunable mid-infrared laser sources in the atmospheric transmission windows presents a major interest for several security and defense applications. Quasi-phase-matched parametric sources in guided wave configuration are promising solutions to enhance compactness, because of the reduction in pump power requirements with respect to bulk devices.The first axis of this thesis consists in studying orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs) waveguides, adapted to fiber laser pumping and to relatively high pump power. The second axis is devoted to the original idea of integrating an antimonide based laser diode with a gallium antimonide (GaSb) frequency converter in a monolithic component. The goal in both cases is to minimize propagation losses in those waveguides to exploit the whole potential of their non-linear properties.This work led to model ambitious low-loss waveguides structures, to develop the technological fabrication steps necessary for OP-semiconductor waveguides manufacturing, and to characterize these components in the mid-infrared. The first buried ridge GaAs waveguide structure has been compared to the ridge one, giving a reduction of a factor three in the propagation losses. Several generations of GaSb waveguides have come forward, with constant losses improvement and reach GaAs state-of-the-art performances. Lastly, multiple solutions have been explored in order to integrate an antimonide-based laser diode with the frequency converter waveguide
Checoury, Xavier. "Etude théorique et expérmentale de cristaux photoniques pour la réalisation de lasers guide d'onde aux longueurs d'onde télécom." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112244.
Full textIn this thesis work, an exhaustive study of two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides is carried out, both experimentally and theoretically. PhCs are fabricated by periodically etching air holes through an InP based heterostructure including six quantum wells. A single mode laser emission is experimentally demonstrated under optical pumping at room temperature for narrow waveguides formed by one or three rows of missing air holes (W1 or W3 waveguides) in a triangular or square lattice PhC. More precisely, a laser emission is observed in very narrow waveguides (W1) whose core width is about 650 nm. Single mode laser emission in larger PhC waveguides is also observed under electrical injection. In this case, the side mode rejection ratio is better than 40 dB. Experimental results are successfully interpreted using band diagram computations and finite difference in time domain simulations (FDTD) in parallel with envelope function calculations. Several improvements to PhC waveguide lasers are proposed. As regards to the simulation of PhCs, an algorithm relying on expansions in wavelet basis has been developed. It allows to compute band diagrams more efficiently than with more traditional algorithms relying on plane wave expansion. Concerning waveguide lasers, simulations show that an appropriate air hole size allows to finely tune the laser emission wavelength on one hand and to significantly reduce diffraction losses of waveguide lasers on the other hand
Karpytchev, Mikhail. "Geoide et topographie dynamique a grandes longueurs d'onde : influence des heterogeneites lithospheriques." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112425.
Full textMazyed, Firas. "Etude et analyse multi longueurs d'onde de galaxies observées par l'Observatoire Herschel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0498/document.
Full textThe main aim of this work is to study the multi-wavelength properties of a sample of galaxies to better understand their formation and evolution. I used the new observations from GALEX and \textit{Herschel} in combination with multi-wavelength data available in the field. I made point source catalogs extracted from the observations of GALEX, and \textit{Herschel} SPIRE and PACS bands using the method of the PSF fitting. Then I used Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the quality of the photometry process and the catalogs.Then I used SPIRE catalogs to search for candidate gravitationally lensed SMGs at high redshift. I identified 6 sources sources in a main list, and 55 sources in a supplementary list. Using SED fitting, performed with CIGALE code, I estimated the redshift distributions of these sources, and constrained their dust properties. I found that, it is very likely that we have gravitationally lensing systems. It should be mentioned that within our candidates we have discovered a unique red source with a rising Far-IR SED, which appears to be a strongly lensed submillimeter galaxies at z~5.2. This kind of sources are quite rare on the sky and are serendipitously discovered. I proposed some followup photometric and spectroscopy observation to measure the redshift of this sources, using for instance continuum observations with IRAM-Nika2, NOEMA, and SMA, and spectroscopic observation with IRAM 30m telescope, NOEMA, and GEMINI-North. The GEMINI-North observations succeeded in measuring the redshifts of the lens and of the lensed galaxy. One more will be executed at the end of this year. The results is quite promising, but more data are needed
Lambert, Girard Simon. "Détection de molécules par lidar agile multi-longueurs d'onde dans l'infrarouge moyen." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26425.
Full textThis thesis presents the proof-of-concept of a novel remote sensing system designed for the detection of molecular species, such as gas pollutants, via active Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) in the short and mid wavelength infrared (SWIR/MWIR). The system is designed to be used in applications where gases need to be detected at a distance of about one hundred meters with the use of non-cooperative targets such as topographical features. The system includes an Optical Parametric Generator (OPG) generating broad linewidth (10 to > 100 nm) pulses tunable between 1.5 and 3.8 µm. A telescope coupled to a grating spectrograph and an in-house gated MCT-APD measures the whole return spectrum of each pulse. Experiments show simultaneous detection in indoor atmospheric air and inside a cell of H2O and CO2 at 2 µm and H2O and CH4 at 3.3 µm. In the context of our experiment, the detection limits for CO2 and CH4 are 158 and 1 ppm·m, respectively. A new algorithm is also presented enabling the determination of concentrations when spectra include strong absorption features. The development of a dedicated Optical Parametric Generator (OPG) is presented in detail. Its use in remote sensing of gaseous pollutants offers some promising advantages. The OPG properties are studied numerically and experimentally in order to optimize its use for the application. We discuss trade-offs to be made on the properties of the pump, crystal and seeding signal in order to optimize the pulse spectral density and divergence while enabling energy scaling. A seed with a large spectral bandwidth is shown to enhance the pulse to pulse stability and optimize the pulse spectral density and divergence. A numerical model simulating the OPG process is proposed and includes the multiple wavelength nature of the beams. It shows excellent agreement with experimental output power. The model also explains the mechanisms of gain saturation in OPGs and helps finding means of enhancing the pulse to pulse stability.
Rotrou, Yann. "Thermographie courtes longueurs d'onde avec des caméras silicium : contribution à la modélisation radiométrique." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure de l'aeronautique et de l'espace, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166721.
Full textNous nous distinguons de leurs travaux par l'approche adoptée pour modéliser le système. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle, plus précis et paramétré par un unique jeu de coefficients indépendant du temps d'intégration. Il permet d'obtenir une procédure d'étalonnage courte et précise, ainsi qu'un système dont la dynamique est contrôlable en ligne. Nous étudions d'autre part différents phénomènes perturbant la mesure, afin de l'améliorer, et d'évaluer sa précision. Ces caractérisations sont en partie effectuées au laboratoire de Conception d'Imageurs Matriciels Intégrés (CIMI).
Enfin nous positionnons les caméras CCD et CMOS par rapport aux systèmes de thermographie infrarouges, et présentons une application de mesures couplées dimensionnelles/thermiques, basée sur un unique capteur de stéréovision silicium.
Nguyen, Quoc Thai. "Émetteurs achromatiques pour le réseau d'accès optique haut débit multiplexé en longueurs d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598529.
Full textLegrand, Romain. "Acoustique - étude et utilisation de nouvelles sources et transducteurs aux longueurs d'onde nanométriques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945558.
Full textMoulin, Sophie. "Assimilation d'observations satellitaires courtes longueurs d'onde dans un modèle de fonctionnement de culture." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30278.
Full textGrare, Stanislas. "Holographie numérique à deux longueurs d'onde : application à la vélocimétrie 3D de particules." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES061.
Full textThis work is made in the context of the LABEX 3D. During this work, a collaboration between the laboratory CORIA (Rouen) and the laboratory LOMC (Le Havre) was initiated. The LOMC is interested in particular in the study of vortices generated by the swell-submerged structure interaction. The laboratory CORIA brings its expertise in optical diagnostics and more specifically in digital holography for the characterization of these vortices. This work deals with the development of a new method for 3D particle velocimetry by digital holography using two recording wavelengths. This new method, which is the extension of the classical multi-exposure previously developed in the laboratory, was developed in order to overcome the main problems of the methods commonly used in digital holography for particle velocimetry. This strategy makes it possible to simultaneously estimate a wide range of velocity, both transversely and axially, with the recording of holograms on a single frame. It then makes it possible to have 4D, 3C informations. This new velocimetry method has then been successfully tested in highly inhomogeneous vortex flows
Ghalbouni, Joe. "Distribution multi-utilisateur de paires de photons intriqués aux longueurs d'onde des télécommunications." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0068/document.
Full textIn order to progress towards a quantum communication network, it is vital to limit the necessary resources. In particular, we show here that we can use a single source of entangled photons pairs, to serve a large number of users. This implies that the considered source has to be spectrally broadband, and compatible with the current optical telecommunications’ infrastructure. At first, we studied a correlated photon source, based on SPDC. From the experimental values measured (counts and coincidences), an upper bound of the visibility that can be achieved in entanglement is calculated as well as the source brightness. A quality factor is established in order to compare and rank the demultiplexers tested in relation to the compromise between the quality of the quantum correlations and the source brightness.We then characterized a source of polarization entangled photon pairs. The entanglement is obtained by performing a double pumping path in a crystal of PPLN, generating a state Φ> =(1/√2)(|HH> +|VV>) . The generated photon pairs are split by using the same demultiplexers. Measurements of visibilities and the Bell parameter S are performed. The performances of the demultiplexers are compared to those obtained with the twin photons.We show that it is possible with a single source, to establish a quantum communication channel with at least 3 couples of users simultaneously. We propose at the end of this study, various methods of improvement
Schreiber, Corentin. "Étude statistique et multi-longueurs-d'onde de la formation d'étoiles dans les galaxies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS015/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to characterize the processes that regulate large-scale star formation in galaxies. During the last fifteen years, the development of infrared astronomy through the satellites ISO, IRAS, Spitzer and Herschel has revolutionized our conception of galaxy evolution. By observing the light emitted by the interstellar dust, these observatories allow us to detect the energy and matter that remain elusive to the best optical telescopes, and have thereby discovered a substantial yet unexpected part of the star formation activity of galaxies. The work of my thesis hence rely heavily on the data acquired by the Herschel satellite, which allow for the first time the detection in the infrared of "normal" galaxies at great distances (z=2).Taking advantage of these new data, I perform a statistical study of several thousands of galaxies at different epochs of the Universe. In particular, I bring forward the best constraints available today on the properties of the "Main Sequence" of galaxies. The existence of this sequence (the correlation between the stellar mass, M*, and the star formation rate, SFR) turned out to be a incredibly useful tool to understand galaxy evolution. The small dispersion that is observed around this sequence suggests that the majority of galaxies are growing through long and steady episodes of star formation, rather than intense bursts like those triggered by the collision (of merger) of two galaxies. By developing a new image analysis technique, I show in particular that more than two thirds of the mass of stars present in the Universe today has been formed within Main Sequence galaxies, hence that this is the dominant mode of galaxy growth.Then I approach another aspect of the Main Sequence, that is the characterization of the evolution of its shape, i.e., the slope of the SFR-M* correlation. In agreement with other studies that were published independently, I find that this slope evolves and decreases with time, so that the most massive galaxies are forming relatively fewer stars per year today than they used to in the past. I study the various possible causes for this evolution, by quantifying for example the morphological evolution of these galaxies and the growth of bulges, as well as the evolution in their hydrogen gas content, which is the fuel for star formation. I deduce from these observations that the change of slope of the Main Sequence can be mainly attributed to a decrease of the star formation efficiency, rather than by a morphological process or a lack of gas.The various observations I have made throughout the work described above allow me to establish simple prescriptions to simulate the observable properties of galaxies, in particular their spectrum. I use these recipes to create a realistic simulation of a deep field, that I use to test my analysis methods and that reproduces consistently the cosmic infrared background.Lastly, I introduce some preliminary results on star formation in the young Universe (z=4) obtained thanks to new data acquired with the ALMA telescope. I describe in particular the resulting new constraints on the Main Sequence at this epoch, and study in more detail two extremely distant galaxies that I have discovered by chance in these data. These two galaxies are among the most distant known today, and are probably the most massive and most dusty ever detected in a Universe that is less than a billion years old
Gouali, Mohamed El Hadi. "Modélisation et optimisation d'une ligne de transmission bidirectionnelle, multiplexée en longueurs d'ondes sur fibre optique." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112343.
Full textSasseville, Alexandre. "Faciliter l'adaptation au travail de nuit : l'utilisation des courtes longueurs d'onde sur l'horloge biologique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29700/29700.pdf.
Full textJeannes, Franck. "Dispositifs bistables à cavité-verticales pour la commutation tout-optique aux longueurs d'onde télécom." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30040.
Full textPARDO-CARRION, JUAN-RAMON. "Etude de l'atmosphere terrestre au moyen d'observations dans les longueurs d'onde millimetriques et submillimetriques." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066657.
Full textTallon-Bosc, Isabelle. "Recombinaison optique pour interféromètre à deux grandes ouvertures dans les longueurs d'onde du visible." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4288.
Full textDintinger, José. "Interactions molécules-plasmons de surface dans les réseaux métalliques de trous sub-longueurs d'onde." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13096.
Full textReyné, Stéphane. "Etudes multi-longueurs d'onde de l'endommagement laser des cristaux de KDP en régime nanoseconde." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30007.
Full textThis thesis interests in the laser-induced damage mechanisms of KDP and DKDP crystals in the nanosecond regime. KDP is a non-linear material particularly used in the frequency converters of the Laser MegaJoule, which is under construction at the CEA-Cesta in France. For this facility, the KDP laser damage resistance is one of the keystones and is still under investigations to fix this problem. This is why this manuscript presents different studies which highlight the two main aspects of the nanosecond laser-induced damage of KDP frequency converters : the precursor defects and the mechanims to initiate damage. First, we propose a study based on the analysis of several photos obtained by DIC microscopy of damage initiated by different wavelengths. A comparison with a code coupling the energy deposition and hydrodynamic is also done. Then, we interest in the influence of the defects geometry through a study based on the laser polarization effet on the laser damage resistance. By the comparison with a CEA home-made code, this study particularly underlines the possibility to define a new geometry for the precursor defects. This geometry proposed has the shape of an ellipsoid and is supposed to keep the crystal structure properties. Finally, we enlarge on the physical mechanisms initiating laser damage with pump--pump experiments. These tests consist in combinating two radiations of different wavelengths which imping the crystal simultaneously or are delayed one by the other. We then observe the influence of this wavelengths mixing on the KDP laser damage resistance. In particular, a coupling effet between the wavelengths of the mixture may occur as a function of the fluences combination. Finally, the goal of these specific studies is to accumulate new data in order to improve the undertanding in the intiation of the laser damage in KDP and DKDP crystals in the nanosecond regime. In the end, these data will allow us to develop predictive models to simulate the laser damage of KDP and DKDP crystals on the LMJ laser chains
Galliano, Frédéric. "Étude Multi-Longueurs d'Onde de Galaxies Naines Proches: Propriétés des Milieux Interstellaires de Faible Métallicité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122609.
Full textJe commence par une étude détaillée des spectres de ces galaxies, en infrarouge moyen, obtenus avec ISO. Les principales caractéristiques spectrales que nous dégageons sont : (i) la faiblesse de l'émission par les bandes aromatiques, par rapport à ce qui est observé dans les galaxies à flambée de formation d'étoiles de métallicité normale ; (ii) la similarité avec les spectres de régions HII Galactiques - un continuum raide de très petits grains et des raies ioniques proéminentes. Ensuite, nous étudions les spectres d'un échantillon d'objets très variés - galaxies spirales, à flambée de formation d'étoiles, naines et régions HII - afin de construire un diagramme de rapports de bandes. Les corrélations entre les rapports 6.2/11.3, 7.7/11.3 et 8.6/11.3 sont, pour la première fois
établies sur un échantillon aussi diversifié. Elles montrent que les galaxies naines occupent une région particulière de ce diagramme, différente de celle occupée par les régions HII Galactiques, suggérant une différence de structure des PAHs - ionisation, hydrogénation, taille, etc.
La deuxième étape de ce projet est la modélisation de distributions spectrales d'énergie de quatre galaxies naines (He 2-10, II Zw 40, NGC 1140, NGC 1569), de l'ultraviolet au millimétrique. J'ai, pour cela, ajouter à nos propres observations, des données de la littérature. La modélisation se fait de manière cohérente en utilisant des contraintes sur l'émission des poussières, sur le rayonnement stellaire et sur les raies du gaz ionisé. Nous synthétisons les distributions spectrales d'énergie de ces galaxies, ainsi que les courbes d'extinction correspondantes. Les propriétés que nous sommes capables de dégager sont que : (i) l'émission est dominée par des grains de petite taille (3-4 nm) chauffés stochastiquement ; (ii) la courbe d'extinction synthétisée présente des analogies avec celle des nuages de Magellan, au niveau de sa pente, et l'intensité de la bande à 2175 angströms est plus faible dans trois galaxies sur quatre ; (iii) toutes nos distributions spectrales d'énergie ont un excès d'émission submillimétrique que nous attribuons à une composante de poussière très froide, enfouie dans des cœurs denses, contenant une fraction importante de la masse totale de poussière.
Ce manuscrit contient, par ailleurs : (i) une présentation des motivations de l'étude des distributions spectrales d'énergie de galaxies ; (ii) une description générale de la manière dont les propriétés optiques des poussières sont modélisées ; (iii) une description détaillée de la réduction des données ISOCAM ; et (iv) une description détaillée de l'observation et de la réduction des données, avec les caméras de bolomètres submillimétriques, SCUBA et MAMBO.
Rahoui, Farid. "Etudes multi-longueurs d'onde de l'interaction des sources galactiques de haute énergie avec leur environnement." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077037.
Full textI describe the work I have done during the three years of my thesis. If I was committed to study high energy Galactic sources through multi-frequency observations, I particularly focused on the study of possible interactions between these objects and their environment. The first part is devoted to the phenomenological and theoretical properties of the three types of sources I studied, namely the supergiant X-ray binaries (SGXBs), the microquasars and the magnetars. In the second part, I show how, using an identification procedure combining photometry and spectroscopy in the optical and the near-infrared, my work confirms on the one hand the dominance of a new population of SGXBs in the sample of high mass X-ray binaries discovered INTEGRAL, and on the other hand the existence of sources that might represent a crossover state between the two known classes of SGXBs, namely the obscured SGXBs and the supergiant f^st X-ray transients. At last, the third part is dedicated to the environment and the emission of the sources in the mid- infrared. I first show that the intrinsic absorption component concentrated around the compact object is not participating in the radiation of the SGXBs. I then present the correlations between the emissions of the microquasar GRS 1915+105 in the X-rays and the mid-infrared domains. I finally explain how the study of the massive star cluster and the ga sand dust cloud associated with the magnetar SGR 1806-20 led me to the conclusion that it had not interacted with its environment during the dramatic event that occurred on December 27th 2004
Marandon, Vincent. "Nébuleuses de pulsars : sondage profond de la Galaxie au TeV et études multi-longueurs d'onde." Observatoire de Paris, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010OBSP0185.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of Very High Energy gamma-ray sources discovered thanks to the H. E. S. S. Telescopes. The H. E. S. S. Observatory has indeed revealed, through a systematic survey of the galactic plane since 6 years, a very rich gamma-ray sky. First, we verified that the evolution of the telescope performance since the start of operations was well understood. The study of TeV characteristics, but also at other wavelengths, including X-rays, of pulsar wind nebulae is the central part of the work presented here. For sources whose nature remained unknown or subject to question, we searched for counterparts among the known pulsars, or made a spectral and morphological analysis, which helped to identify many as nebulae, except one for which we have shown that this scenario is rather uncomfortable through profound observations in X-rays. This source could thus constitute a new class of gamma-ray sources. Pulsar wind nebulae, are nevertheless, and this work will have contributed to this, by far the majority of the TeV sources in the Galaxy. We study them as such, by forming a catalogue, and then show that the sensitivity limitation of the TeV horizon forbids to consider it as complete. Finally, the search for relationships between the various observables at TeV gamma-rays and X-rays of the nebulae, and parameters of the pulsar, while providing a predictive tool, confirms the relic nature of many sources because of non-dependence of the gamma-ray luminosity on age or on the pulsar power
Jamet, Sophie. "Effet photoréfractif dans l'InP:Fe : étude comparative en fonction de la température à plusieurs longueurs d'onde." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES002.
Full textBRUSTON, JEAN. "Avancees de la technologie mmic vers les longueurs d'onde submillimetriques : application aux multiplicateurs de frequences." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066254.
Full textLesuffleur, Antoine. "Propriétés optiques linéaires et non linéaires de réseaux de nanostructures sub-longueurs d'onde en or." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112145.
Full textSurface plasmons are egen modes of metallic interfaces resulting from a strong coupling between an incident electromagnetic wave and the free electrons of the metal. These plasmons can be localized on very small particles (spheres, cylinders, agregates. . . ). They can propagate along smooth or rough interfaces and they can be guided by metallic stripes. In the context of my thesis, I have studied two kinds of such metallic structures : gold coupled sub-wavelength particle regular arrays and arrays of subwavelength apertures permitting a enhanced transmission through a so structured metallic film. Through linear optical spectroscopic reflectivity measurements, on arrays of gold subwavelength particle, we have measured the signatures of grating effects (Wood anomalies) and especially propagating localized lurface llasmons along a chain of gold subwavelength particles by a narrow spacing between particles and by a metallic neck connecting particles. My experimental results are in good agreement with the RCWM calculations we did. Furthermore, I shew the high sensitivity of the Second Harmonic Generation measurements to the enhancement of the local electromagnetic fields due to the resonances and the coupling between particles. Subwavelength circular aperture arrays were made in a 100 nm gold film and we measured a 10% transmission. Moreover, subwavelength annular aperture arrays in a 130 nm gold film were fabricated. We measured by reflectivity the spectral signature of a surface plasmon at the gold/glass interface and a cavity mode which are responsible of the theoritical enhanced transmission
Afonso, Alexandre. "Nouvelles fonctions spectrales reconfigurables dans les systèmes WDM : de l'égaliseur au bloqueur de longueurs d'onde." Télécom Bretagne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TELB0004.
Full textOptical network development has established the need for new reconfigurable spectral functions. On the one hand, dynamic gain equalization (DGE) enables the improvement of WDM channel transmission. On the other hand, dynamic channel equalization (DCE) and wavelength blocker (WB) become key subsystems in metropolitan routing nodes. The aim of this thesis is the study of these functions sharing the same free-space architecture in order to be able to design them in compliance with established system specifications. This architecture offers a variety of physical parameters for the imaging system, such as waist size and linear dispersion in the imaging plane, as well as the modulator, characterized mainly by the pixel size and the gap. For the DGE, considered specifications are the introduced ripple and the maximum output slope, whereas the extinction ratio, the channel spacing and crosstalk are more relevant for DCE and WB. In addition, we were more interested in studying the implementations of two particular solutions. A new filter family has been studied and experimentally assessed. The principle, using mode-decoupling properties, is explained in detail including the allowance of different critical parameters. Although this principle is technology independent, it has been acknowledged using different PDLC cells (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal). Finally, an interferometric WB has been also tested. Based on a Michelson interferometer, one of its arms has been replaced by a modified DGE. We discussed how these functions can be integrated in block such as ROADM or WSS
BROUARD, RAPHAEL. "Cristaux photorefractifs a long effet memoire pour l'interferometrie holographique aux longueurs d'onde des diodes laser." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112267.
Full textGalliano, Frédéric. "Etude multi-longueurs d'onde de galaxies naines proches : propriétés des milieux interstellaires de faible métallicité." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112243.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the multi-wavelength observations and the dust modelling of nearby low-metallicity dwarf galaxies. The main motivations are : (1) studying the dust properties in non-solar metallicity interstellar media (2) studying the global spectral energy distributions (SED) of these galaxies which are analogs to primordial galaxies and (3) obtaining some informations on the chemical evolution of these galaxies. I begin with a detailed study of the MIR spectra of these galaxies, obtained with ISO. I compare them to the spectra of a very diversified sample - spiral, starburst, dwarf galaxies and Galactic HII regions. The correlations between band ratios shows that dwarf galaxies occupy a different region in this diagram than Galactic HII regions, inducing a difference in PAH structure. Then, I synthesize the SEDs of 4 dwarf galaxies, from IR to submm. The modelling is done consistently, using constraints on the dust emission, on the stellar radiation and on the ionic lines. The properties that we are able to outline are (1) the emission is dominated by small size stochastically heated grains (3-4 nm) (2) the synthesized extinction curves are similar to the ones of the Magellanic clouds (3) all our SEDs have a submillimeter emission excess that we attribute to a very cold dust component, embedded in dense cores, containing a large fraction of the total dust mass
Elvira, Antunez David. "Sources à boîtes quantiques semiconductrices pour la nanophotonique et l'information quantique aux longueurs d'onde des télécommunications." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750816.
Full textPrzybilla, Frédéric Ebbesen Thomas W. "Aspects fondamentaux de la transmission exaltée de la lumière à travers des ouvertures sub-longueurs d'onde." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1071/01/PRZYBILLA_Frederic_2008r.pdf.
Full textSemenkoff, Mathilde. "Contribution à l'étude des amplificateurs optiques à fibre pour les systèmes de transmission multi-longueurs d'onde." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET4003.
Full textHACHOUR, AHMED. "Mesure des longueurs d'onde optique dans le vide par interferometrie a deux ondes a champ compense." Paris, CNAM, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CNAM0132.
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