Academic literature on the topic 'Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)"

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Putra, Nandy, Wayan Nata Septiadi, Rosari Saleh, Rardi Artono Koestoer, and Suhendro Purbo Prakoso. "The Effect of CuO-Water Nanofluid and Biomaterial Wick on Loop Heat Pipe Performance." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.356.

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The determinants of heat pipe performances are its wick and working fluid, instead of controlled by the material, dimension, and the shape of heat pipe. This study aimed to determine the effect of using nanofluid on the performance of Loop heat pipes (LHP) with CuO-water nanofluid that using biomaterials wick. LHP was made of 8 mm diameter copper pipe, with the diameter of evaporator and the condenser was 20 mm respectively and the length of the heat pipe was 100 mm. The wick was made of biomaterials Collaria Tabulate and the working fluid was CuO-water nanofluids where the CuO nanoparticles w
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Asmara, Dimas Panji, Mukhsinun Hadi Kusuma, Giarno Giarno, and Darwin Rio Budi Syaka. "STUDI EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH WICK PIPA KAPILER PADA MODEL LOOP HEAT PIPE." SIGMA EPSILON - Buletin Ilmiah Teknologi Keselamatan Reaktor Nuklir 25, no. 2 (2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/sigma.2021.25.2.6365.

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Kecelakaan yang terjadi pada Pembangkait Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Fukushhima Dai – Ichi memacu para periset di bidang keselamatan nuklir untuk menggunakan sistem pendingin pasif dalam rangka meningkatkan keselamatan termal isntalasi nuklir. Salah satu teknologi sistem pendingin pasif yang potensial untuk diterapkan adalah Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) karena memiliki kemampuan pembuangan kalor yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh performa wick berupa pipa kapiler dalam rangka meningkatkan unjuk kerja termal dan distribusi suhu pada LHP. Metode eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengo
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Fadillah, Rizky, Mukhsinun Hadi Kusuma, Giarno Giarno, and Ahmad Kholil. "STUDI PENGARUH FILLING RATIO PADA MODEL LOOP HEAT PIPE." SIGMA EPSILON - Buletin Ilmiah Teknologi Keselamatan Reaktor Nuklir 25, no. 2 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/sigma.2021.25.2.6366.

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Pembuangan panas sisa hasil peluruhan pada saat sistem pendingin aktif mengalami kegagalan masih menjadi permasalahan termal. Loop heat pipe (LHP) sebagai salah satu teknologi sistem pendingin pasif berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan dalam menangani permasalahan termal tersebut. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh filling ratio terhadap unjuk kerja termal model LHP yang dibuat pada berbagai variasi filling ratio yang diberikan dan fenomena perpindahan kalor yang terjadi di dalamnya. Metode eksperimen dilakukan dengan cara mengoperasikan LHP pada filling ratio 100 %, 150 % dan 200%. Da
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Dongxing, Gai, Sun Jingyu, Chen Chen, and Chen Ting. "Hysteresis phenomena in flat-type loop heat pipe." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191010166d.

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Testing of loop heat pipes (LHPs) showed that the heat-load dependence of the operating temperature was not always unambiguous. It may have hysteresis phenomena. The temperature hysteresis had a certain relationship with previous history of the power variation, and also related to the initial parameters of the LHP. It has been found that the temperature hysteresis of the LHP was related to the gas-liquid distribution in the compensation chamber (CC) which depended on the interaction between heat leak of evaporator and the reflux liquid from condenser. The temperature of the LHP evaporator rose
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Nemec, Patrik, Martin Smitka, and Milan Malcho. "Heat Removal from Bipolar Transistor by Loop Heat Pipe with Nickel and Copper Porous Structures." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/724740.

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Loop heat pipes (LHPs) are used in many branches of industry, mainly for cooling of electrical elements and systems. The loop heat pipe is a vapour-liquid phase-change device that transfers heat from evaporator to condenser. One of the most important parts of the LHP is the porous wick structure. The wick structure provides capillary force to circulate the working fluid. To achieve good thermal performance of LHP, capillary wicks with high permeability and porosity and fine pore radius are expected. The aim of this work was to develop porous structures from copper and nickel powder with differ
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Gabsi, Inès, Samah Maalej, and Mohamed Chaker Zaghdoudi. "Modeling of Loop Heat Pipe Thermal Performance." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, no. 1 (2021): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.81.1.4172.

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The present work deals with the heat transfer performance of a copper-water loop heat pipe (LHP) with a flat oval evaporator in steady-state operation. Modeling the heat transfer in the evaporator was particularly studied, and the evaporation heat transfer coefficient was determined from a dimensionless correlation developed based on experimental data from the literature. The model was based on steady-state energy balance equations for each LHP component. The model results were compared to the experimental ones for various heat loads, cooling temperatures, and elevations, and a good agreement
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Wu, Shen Chun, Jhih Huang Gao, Zih Yan Huang, et al. "Effect of Increasing Wick Evaporation Area on Heat Transfer Performance for Loop Heat Pipes." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.223.

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This study investigates the effects of increasing the evaporating area of wick in a loop heat pipe (LHP). This work attempts to improve the performance of the loop heat pipe by increasing the number of grooves and thereby the surface area of the wick. The number of grooves is increased from eight to twelve. Experimental results show that increasing the number of grooves not only increases the surface area of the wick but also enhances LHP performance. When the evaporating surface area increases by 50%, which corresponds to increasing the number of grooves from eight to twelve, the heat transfe
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Nedaivozov, A. V., and V. N. Afanasiev. "Experimental Investigation of the Operation Modes of a Flat Loop Heat Pipe." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/0119.0001448.

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The paper presents the experimentally investigated operation modes of a flat loop heat pipe (LHP). The LHP is an efficient heat transfer device operating on the principle of evaporation-condensation cycle and successfully applied in space technology, including cooling heat-stressed components of electronic devices and computer equipment.We have experimentally studied how design parameters of the vapor line and its coolant flow influence on the LHP operation mode and also have determined the causes for emerging oscillatory mode of the LHP operation at low heat load. The paper depicts the experi
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Rong, Yangyiming, Weitao Su, Shuai Wang, Bowen Du, Zujun Mao, and Shaozhi Zhang. "Investigation of a Gas-Pump-Driven Loop Heat Pipe." Energies 17, no. 21 (2024): 5283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17215283.

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A loop heat pipe (LHP) is an efficient method of conserving energy in data center cooling applications. In scenarios where the installation is constrained by height or distance limitations, pump driving is needed. This paper examines the performance changes induced by a gas pump both experimentally and theoretically. An adjustable, oil-free linear compressor is utilized as a gas pump. The evaporator is a finned-tube heat exchanger and the condenser is a water-cooled plate heat exchanger. When the filling ratio of the working fluid is insufficient, employing a gas pump can enhance the heat tran
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Zhang, Xian Feng, and Shuang Feng Wang. "Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance of a Miniature Loop Heat Pipe with Flat Evaporator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3806.

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The present work experimentally investigated the operating characteristics of a miniature loop heat pipe (LHP) under different power cycle. The miniature LHP with flat evaporator of 8mm thick is made of copper. The evaporator with sintered copper power wick is in series structure with compensation chamber. Water is working fluid. It is found that the LHP can start up at heat load of 15W with temperature oscillation and the maximum heat load is 160W with Rl=0.068°C/W. The LHP operates unstably under low heat load. The oscillating frequency of temperature rises with heat load increased. The oper
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)"

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Suh, Junwoo. "Proof of Operation in a Planar Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) Based on CPS Wick." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1131033062.

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HAMDAN, MOHAMMAD OMAR. "LOOP HEAT PIPE (LHP) MODELING AND DEVELOPMENT BY UTILIZING COHERENT POROUS SILICION (CPS) WICKS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1049987207.

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Santos, Nadjara dos. "Desenvolvimento de tubo de calor circuitado (Loop Heat Pipe-LHP) para aplicações espaciais." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2009. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2009/04.07.18.33.

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Satélites artificiais são constituídos de vários equipamentos eletrônicos e mecânicos que, na maioria dos casos, dissipam calor e requerem condições térmicas de operação bastante diferenciadas. Sistemas compostos por tubos de calor circuitados-LHP são de grande confiabilidade no controle térmico de equipamentos eletrônicos, estruturas e satélites, por manterem suas temperaturas em faixas de operação bem restritas e não utilizarem partes móveis. Esses sistemas operam passivamente por efeitos de forças capilares geradas no evaporador capilar, o qual adquire calor de uma fonte quente sendo transf
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Hamdan, Mohammad Omar Mohammad. "Loop heat pipe (LHP) modeling and development by utilizing coherent porous silicon (CPS) wicks." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1049987207.

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Fleming, Andrew J. "Aircraft Thermal Management Using Loop Heat Pipes." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1238086423.

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PONUGOTI, PRIYANKA. "STUDY OF TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR OF THE EVAPORATOR OF THE MICRO LOOP HEAT PIPE AND MODIFICATIONS TO THE EXISTING GLOBAL MODEL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1152120818.

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Medis, Praveen S. "Development of Microfluidic Packaging Strategies, with Emphasis on the Development of a MEMS Based Micro Loop Heat Pipe." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1131996727.

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ARRAGATTU, PRAVEEN KUMAR. "OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS FOR PRESSURE LOSS AND TEMPERATURE DROP THROUGH THE TOP CAP OF THE EVAPORATOR OF THE MICRO LOOP HEAT PIPE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1152120112.

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Soler, Philippe. "Expérimentation et modélisation thermohydraulique des boucles à pompage capillaire de type Loop Heat Pipe (-LHP-) : étude du lien entre la chambre de compensation et l'évaporateur." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11011.

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Une LHP est un système passif de transport de l'énergie utilisé pour le contrôle thermique d'équipements électroniques présents dans de nombreuses applications (satellites, transport terrestre. . . ). Dans ce travail de thèse, l'effort a été porté sur la description des phénomènes physiques au sein de l'ensemble évaporateur-réservoir d'une LHP. Le couplage entre transferts thermiques et répartition des phases, dans cet élément clé qui est le moteur du système, a été étudié du point de vue expérimental et de la modélisation. Une démarche de définition de l'instrumentation d'une LHP a été dévelo
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Giraudon, Rémi. "Contribution to the manufacturing and the understanding of the thermal behaviour of capillary structures dedicated to Loop Heat Pipes." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI003/document.

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Les boucles diphasiques à pompage thermo-capillaire de type LHP (pour Loop Heat Pipe, en anglais), dont le fonctionnement s’apparente à celui d’un caloduc, permettent un transfert de chaleur particulièrement efficace et entièrement passif entre une source chaude et une source froide. Ce transfert s’effectue au moyen d’un fluide diphasique, mû grâce à la force motrice capillaire générée par un matériau poreux contenu dans l’évaporateur/réservoir de la LHP. Outre son rôle de barrière hydraulique entre les phases liquide et vapeur, ce matériau doit assurer une fonction de barrière thermique afin
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Book chapters on the topic "Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)"

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Wang, Zhangyuan, Haopeng Zhang, Fucheng Chen, Siming Zheng, Zicong Huang, and Xudong Zhao. "Heat Pipe and Loop Heat Pipe Technologies and Their Applications in Solar Systems." In Advanced Energy Efficiency Technologies for Solar Heating, Cooling and Power Generation. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17283-1_3.

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Huang, B. J., P. E. Yang, J. H. Wang, and J. H. Wu. "Integral-type solar water heater using loop heat pipe." In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_126.

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Lyu, Bingkun, Dong Xu, Wei Wang, et al. "Numerical Study of a Single-Loop Nitrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe." In Proceedings of the 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6128-3_64.

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Dhone, Saurabh B., and A. T. Pise. "Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) of Diesel Engine Using Closed-Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4488-0_64.

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Stephen, Emerald Ninolin, Lazarus Godson Asirvatham, Kandasamy Ramachandran, Arulanatham Brusly Solomon, and Pitchaimuthu RamKumar. "Feasibility of Al2O3/Water Nanofluid in a Compact Loop Heat Pipe." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4488-0_40.

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Patel, Est Dev, and Subrata Kumar. "Effect of Filling Ratio on Performance of Two Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4165-4_13.

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Xue, Zhihu, Minghui Xie, Jiangfei Duan, and Wei Qu. "Experimental Study of High-Efficiency Loop Heat Pipe for High Power Avionics Cooling." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3305-7_150.

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Asodiya, Sagar M., Kalpak R. Sagar, and Hemantkumar B. Mehta. "A CFD Analysis of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Fourth-Generation Refrigerant." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3379-0_35.

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Shah, Shail N., Fagun A. Pithadiya, and Sanjay V. Jain. "Effects of Ambient Condition on the Performance of Ammonia Based Loop Heat Pipe." In Green Energy and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2279-6_15.

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Zhao, Chenyang, Nanxi Li, Zhenhua Jiang, and Yinong Wu. "A Novel Cryogenic Loop Heat Pipe Structure and Preliminary Proof of the Concept." In Proceedings of the 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6128-3_57.

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Conference papers on the topic "Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)"

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Myeong, Hee Soo, and Seok Pil Jang. "Optimization of LHP (loop heat pipe) Geometry for Ultra-high Heat Flux Cooling System." In 2024 30th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems (THERMINIC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/therminic62015.2024.10732835.

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Tanaka, K. "Development of the Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56047.

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First, I describe the basic equations that resolve the physical development of the LHP and how to estimate the maximum heat transfer capability of the LHP. Second, I describe the outline of experimental manufacture of the LHP. This LHP is made from copper. The evaporator is φ19×95mm, the vapor tube is φ5×300mm, the condenser is φ3.5×600mm and the liquid tube is φ3.5×300mm. The wick is made from the sintering cupper. The working fluid is methanol. Finally, I briefly describe the test result of heat transfer capability of this LHP.
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Cai, Qingjun, Chung-Lung Chen, and Julie F. Asfia. "Multilayer Wick Structure of Loop Heat Pipe." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41162.

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Loop heat pipe (LHP) is known as a two-phase heat transfer device that utilizes the evaporation and condensation of an operating fluid to transfer heat. At the LHP low operating temperatures, heat leakage induced by saturated temperature differences between the evaporator and compensation chamber is more serious than at high operating temperatures, due to inherent thermophysical properties of the operating liquid. The serious heat leakage at the low operating temperature not only causes high liquid subcooling requirement but also leads to high total temperature difference and degraded heat tra
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Anderson, W. G., P. M. Dussinger, S. D. Garner, J. R. Hartenstine, and D. B. Saraff. "Loop Heat Pipe Design, Manufacturing, and Testing: An Industrial Perspective." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88525.

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Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) are two-phase devices that can passively transport heat over long distances relative to other passive two phase systems such as heat pipes. Most of the art of LHP fabrication is in the primary and secondary wick. The manufacturing steps for an LHP are described, including the tests to validate the LHP during manufacture. The tests include wick property testing (pore size, permeability, and thermal conductivity), secondary wick testing, and parallel flow balance design and testing. The required tests after the LHP is fabricated include low power starts, shutdown through c
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Chuang, Po-Ya Abel, John M. Cimbala, Jack S. Brenizer, and C. Thomas Conroy. "Analytical Modeling of a Loop Heat Pipe at Positive Elevation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61171.

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A two-phase heat transfer device, a loop heat pipe (LHP), is studied analytically. It is noted that a LHP behaves differently when it is operated against gravity (adverse elevation) or at gravity assisted (positive elevation) conditions. Steady-state modeling of LHP operating characteristics at adverse or zero elevation was broadly studied in the past. This paper presents a steady-state model of a LHP when it is operated at positive elevation based on experimental results. The effects of elevation on the trend of steady-state operating temperature (SSOT) are then studied using the newly develo
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Tanaka, K., M. Katsuta, Y. Ohuchi, and K. Saitho. "Thermal Performance of the Mini-Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88403.

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In this paper, we describe the outline of experimental manufacture of the LHP. This LHP is made of a copper. The evaporator is φ19×95mm, the vapor tube is φ5×300mm, the condenser is φ3.5×600mm and the liquid tube is φ 3.5×300mm. The wick is made of the sintering copper. The working fluid is methanol. Second, we describe the test result of heat transfer capability of this LHP. Finally, I describe the basic equations that resolve the physical development of the LHP and how to estimate the each temperatures of the LHP.
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Hoang, Triem T., and Jentung Ku. "Heat and Mass Transfer in Loop Heat Pipes." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47366.

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Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) have gained acceptance among spacecraft engineers in recent years as high performance heat transport devices for thermal control systems (TCS). However, the most common criticism from people who use LHPs is that their behavior is difficult to predict. Complex interaction of thermodynamics and fluid flow dynamics inside a LHP poses a challenge for the analytical modeling of its performance. The need for a complete understanding of mechanisms involving the heat and mass transfer in a LHP cannot be overstated. During the initial spacecraft TCS design phase, trade studies ar
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Choi, Michael. "Swift BAT Loop Heat Pipe Thermal Performance After 19+ Years On Orbit." In International Conference on Environmental Systems. 2024 International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32865/jriu5827.

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Swift is a NASA Medium-Size Explorer mission. It was designed for two years. The spacecraft was launched successfully into an orbit of 600-km altitude and 20.69° inclination on November 20, 2004. Because of its high science return, the Swift mission operation has been extended. The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) Detector Array Blocks are mounted to the bosses of eight ammonia constant conductance heat pipes (CCHPs) embedded in the detector array plate. Two propylene loop heat pipes (LHPs), numbered #0 and #1, transport heat from the CCHPs to a radiator, which is located on the shaded side of the
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Chiang, T. C., C. W. Chang, L. S. Kuo, and P. H. Chen. "Experimental Investigation of Loop Heat Pipe With Nano-Ferrofluid." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21159.

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This study investigated the magnetic effects on the nano-ferrofluid within a closed loop heat pipe (LHP) without any micro-structure. The results show the enhancement of the thermal performance of the LHP can be achieved by setting the magnets properly.
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Hoang, Triem T., Tamara A. O’Connell, C. Thomas Conroy, Robert G. Mahorter, John A. Savchik, and John Rosenfeld. "Development of a Gravity-Assist Water Loop Heat Pipe With Flat Evaporator for Waste Heat Removal." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47365.

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Use of capillary pumped heat transport devices such as heat pipes, Capillary Pumped Loops (CPLs), and Loop Heat Pipes (LHPs) are being considered for cooling of shipboard electronics. These capillary devices contain no mechanical moving parts to wear out, require no electrical power to operate, and demand virtually no maintenance. Heat pipes have been the mainstay of spacecraft thermal control systems over the past 30 years. However with limited pumping heads, heat pipes were utilized only in a few terrestrial applications. Successful demonstration of much higher pumping capability of CPLs and
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Reports on the topic "Loop Heat Pipe (LHP)"

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Yerkes, Kirk L., and James D. Scofield. Silicon Carbide (SiC) Device and Module Reliability, Performance of a Loop Heat Pipe Subjected to a Phase-Coupled Heat Input to an Acceleration Field. Defense Technical Information Center, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013962.

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Gibson and Maxey. L51713 Effective Procedure Variables for Weld onto In-Service Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010360.

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The ability of the flowing contents to remove heat from the pipe wall causes welds made onto in-service pipelines to cool at an accelerated rate and makes these welds particularly susceptible to hydrogen cracking. Several approaches exist for qualifying procedures where the thermal conditions produced by the flowing pipeline contents are simulated, allowing the ability of a procedure to produce sound, crack-free welds to be demonstrated. This report documents the various methods that can be used, under a number of different conditions, for simulating the proper cooling effects that will be exp
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