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Journal articles on the topic 'Loop heat pipe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Randeep Singh, Masataka Mochizuki, Thang Nguyen, Yuji Saito, Kazuhiko Goto, and Koichi Mashiko. "G060041 Loop Heat Pipe for Datacenter Thermal Control." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _G060041–1—_G060041–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._g060041-1.

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2

Chen, Yan, Yan Qu, and Shu Sheng Zhang. "Design and Simulation of Visual Miniature Loop Heat Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.346.

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A miniature loop heat pipe (MLHP) with a glass condenser was designed and manufactured. Stress analysis on compensation chamber/evaporator and glass condenser is made to confirm strength of loop heat pipe using the software MSC NASTRAN. Results indicate this new structure loop heat pipe can meet the design requirements and secure to work well. A system level performance analysis was made about heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics inside loop heat pipe using the software of SINDA/FLUINT. This miniature loop heat pipe realized visualization research of phase change phenomenon to some extent.

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3

Tong, B. Y., T. N. Wong, and K. T. Ooi. "Closed-loop pulsating heat pipe." Applied Thermal Engineering 21, no. 18 (December 2001): 1845–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(01)00063-1.

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4

Zhao, Guo Chang, Tian Dong Lu, Li Ping Song, Lei Cao, and Wei Zhang. "Research on the Applications of Heat Pipes in Cooling Aircraft Electrical Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1378.

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In order to ensure proper temperatures for electronic equipment and to meet the increasing heat dissipation capacity needs of airborne electronic equipment, a suitable heat-pipe for use in aircraft equipment needs to be found. Considering both the acceleration and the changes in tilt angle of the aircraft, performance analysis of five main types of heat-pipes showed that dual compensation chamber loop heat pipe and micro-channel plate heat pipe were the most suitable for use in airborne electrical equipment.

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5

Kurevija, Kalantar, Macenić, and Hranić. "Investigation of Steady-State Heat Extraction Rates for Different Borehole Heat Exchanger Configurations from the Aspect of Implementation of New TurboCollector™ Pipe System Design." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 20, 2019): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081504.

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When considering implementation of shallow geothermal energy as a renewable source for heating and cooling of buildings, special care should be taken in the hydraulic design of the borehole heat exchanger system. Laminar flow can occur in pipes due to the usage of glycol mixtures at low temperature or inadequate flow rates. This can lead to lower heat extraction and rejection rates of the exchanger because of higher thermal resistance. Furthermore, by increasing the flow rate to achieve turbulent flow and satisfactory heat transfer rate can lead to an increase in the pressure drop of the system and oversizing of the circulation pump which leads to impairment of the seasonal coefficient of performance at the heat pump. The most frequently used borehole heat exchanger system in Europe is a double-loop pipe system with a smooth inner wall. Lately, development is focused on the implementation of a different configuration as well as with ribbed inner walls which ensures turbulent flow in the system, even at lower flow rates. At a location in Zagreb, standard and extended thermal response tests were conducted on three different heat exchanger configurations in the same geological environment. With a standard TRT test, thermogeological properties of the ground and thermal resistance of the borehole were determined for each smooth or turbulator pipe configuration. On the other hand, extended Steady-State Thermal Response Step Test (TRST) incorporates a series of power steps to determine borehole extraction rates at the defined steady-state heat transfer conditions of 0/–3 °C. When comparing most common exchanger, 2U-loop D32 smooth pipe, with novel 1U-loop D45 ribbed pipe, an increase in heat extraction of 6.5% can be observed. Also, when the same comparison is made with novel 2U-loop D32 ribbed pipe, an increase of 18.7% is achieved. Overall results show that heat exchangers with ribbed inner pipe wall have advantages over classic double-loop smooth pipe designs, in terms of greater steady-state heat extraction rate and more favorable hydraulic conditions.

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6

Vinod, R., and Y. H. Basavarajappa. "Recent advances in loop heat pipe." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.974.

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7

Tang, Yong, Jianhua Xiang, Zhenping Wan, Wei Zhou, and Lei Wu. "A novel miniaturized loop heat pipe." Applied Thermal Engineering 30, no. 10 (July 2010): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.01.030.

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8

Chu, C. I., S. C. Wu, P. L. Chen, and Y. M. Chen. "Design of miniature loop heat pipe." Heat Transfer?Asian Research 33, no. 1 (2003): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/htj.10133.

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9

Putra, Nandy, Wayan Nata Septiadi, Rosari Saleh, Rardi Artono Koestoer, and Suhendro Purbo Prakoso. "The Effect of CuO-Water Nanofluid and Biomaterial Wick on Loop Heat Pipe Performance." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.356.

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The determinants of heat pipe performances are its wick and working fluid, instead of controlled by the material, dimension, and the shape of heat pipe. This study aimed to determine the effect of using nanofluid on the performance of Loop heat pipes (LHP) with CuO-water nanofluid that using biomaterials wick. LHP was made of 8 mm diameter copper pipe, with the diameter of evaporator and the condenser was 20 mm respectively and the length of the heat pipe was 100 mm. The wick was made of biomaterials Collaria Tabulate and the working fluid was CuO-water nanofluids where the CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method. The characteristic of the Tabulate Collaria biomaterial as a wick in LHP was also investigated in this experiment. The results of the experiments showed that the temperature differences between the evaporator and condenser sections with the biomaterial wick and CuO-water nanofluid were less than those using pure water. These results make the biomaterial (Collar) and nanofluids are attractive both as wick and working fluid in LHP technology. Keywords: loop heat pipe, wick, biomaterial, nanofluid.

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10

Mandal, Mithun, and Ramakrishna Bag. "Effect of pile and heat exchanger properties on total heat extraction of an energy pile - A numerical study." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 05024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020505024.

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Geothermal energy is one of the potential energy resources to meet future energy demand keeping environmental pollution under control. This paper presents the use of geothermal energy for space heating from energy pile. An energy pile with a single U tube heat exchanger of polyethylene (PE) pipe was modeled in this study. The effect of pile and heat exchanger properties on the total heat extraction was studied by the finite element analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics. The 3D model was developed and validated based on the literature reported results of an experimental thermal performance of a borehole equipped with a single and double U tube heat exchanger. Tetrahedral elements were considered for simulation of a 3D model. The model of a single energy pile of certain dimensions with different soil layers was considered, each soil layers were associated with different temperature. The effect of various parameters such as the length of concrete pile, the diameter of concrete pile, the thickness of U pipe, the inner diameter of U pipe and velocity of fluid inside the U pipe on amount of heat extraction was studied for an energy pile equipped with a single U tube heat exchanger. It was observed that the most influential parameters in increasing the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger loop are the diameter of the concrete pile, the inner diameter of U pipe and the velocity of fluid inside the U pipe.

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11

Zhao, Yong Feng, Hong Sheng Cai, Liang Wei Wang, Jin Feng Geng, Dong Fang Ma, Yu Jing Niu, and Yong Cheng Liu. "Properties of P91 Steel Steam Conduit Pipe with Low Hardness in a 600 MW Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1293.

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The hardness of P91 for HP loop pipes was lower than required in standard in a power plant which has run for about 35,000 hours. The experiments about Metallographic and conventional mechanical properties were done in this paper. The results show that the metallographic of P91 with low hardness was abnormal, creep damage was not found, and mechanical properties were poor.So the HP loop pipe with low hardness cant continue to be used safely.After re-heat treatment for HP loop pipe with low hardness,the results about metallographic and mechanical tests show that the performance of the pipe is good,and can continue to be used.

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12

Gabsi, Inès, Samah Maalej, and Mohamed Chaker Zaghdoudi. "Modeling of Loop Heat Pipe Thermal Performance." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.81.1.4172.

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The present work deals with the heat transfer performance of a copper-water loop heat pipe (LHP) with a flat oval evaporator in steady-state operation. Modeling the heat transfer in the evaporator was particularly studied, and the evaporation heat transfer coefficient was determined from a dimensionless correlation developed based on experimental data from the literature. The model was based on steady-state energy balance equations for each LHP component. The model results were compared to the experimental ones for various heat loads, cooling temperatures, and elevations, and a good agreement was obtained. Finally, a parametric study was conducted to show the effects of different key parameters, such as the axial conductive heat leaks between the evaporator and the compensation chamber cases, the capillary structure porosity and material, and the groove dimensions.

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13

Lei, Su. "Study of Influence Effect on Heat Transfer Performance of Single-Loop Oscillating Heat Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.114.

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s. The experiment studied the effect of heat source temperature, heating section length ratio, cooling air flow rate, liquid filling rate and pipe diameter on the heat transfer performance of the single-loop red copper-water oscillating heat pipe. The results show that increasing heat source temperature or pipe diameter and reducing filling rate can obviously reduce the thermal resistance of the heat pipe; in the air cooling mode, the cooling thermal resistance outside the pipe is affected by both cooling conditions and heat pipe cooling section average temperature; when the heating section is shorter than the cooling section, the heat pipe thermal resistance shows an apparent trend of increasing with the increase of heating section length ratio, when the heating section is longer than the cooling section, the cooling thermal resistance increases with it apparently; the heat transfer power is the highest when the filling rate is 50%.

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14

Mostafa, Hesham, and Kamel Abd_elsalam. "Boiling Heat Transfer in Closed Loop Heat Pipe (Dept.M)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.128938.

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15

Fanxi, Meng, Quan Zhang, Sheng Du, Chang Yue, and Xiaowei Ma. "One-dimensional steady-state mathematical model of a novel loop heat pipe with liquid line capillary wick." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598719881543.

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A novel loop heat pipe used for data center with a liquid line wick is designed, and its one-dimensional steady-state mathematical model is developed based on the energy and thermodynamic equilibrium of each component and the simulation results were validated by comparing with the experimental data in this work. The compensation chamber of the loop heat pipe was removed, and a section of capillary wick was added in the end of liquid line in order to reduce heat leakage and vapor backflow and increase working medium circulation power. The mathematical model of the novel loop heat pipe can be used to predict the operating temperature of each characteristic point with small relative errors of <13%. A parametric study of the steady-state performance characteristics including the effects of material, diameter, length, and porosity of liquid line wick are conducted, which provides a powerful basis for the design of novel loop heat pipe experiment.

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16

Buz, Vasily, and Konstantin Goncharov. "Loop heat pipe dynamics modeling and analysis." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1139, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1139/1/012011.

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17

Xiang, Jian Hua, Chun Liang Zhang, and Fan Jiang. "Fabrication Technology of Miniaturized Loop Heat Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 426 (January 2012): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.426.227.

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Fabrication technology of a novel miniaturized loop heat pipe, which consisted of an evaporator, a condenser, vapor and liquid lines, was present in this study. The evaporator, whose bottom was connected as the cycle channel of refrigerant, were consist of boiling and suction chambers to ensure the vapor to one-way flow to vapor line. Thin copper plates with micro-fins fabricated by the ploughing-extrusion (P-E) method were embedded in the boiling chamber as enhanced structures. Moreover, the copper fiber sintered felt fabricated by the solid-phase sintering of copper fibers with rough surface, was filled in the suction chamber of evaporator as the wick to provide the capillary force. In addition, the integral rhombic-shaped pillars as intensified condensation structures in the condenser were fabricated by the milling method.

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18

Okazaki, Shun, Hideyuki Fuke, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Yoshiro Miyazaki, Katsumasa Takahashi, and Noboru Yamada. "Meter-scale multi-loop capillary heat pipe." Applied Thermal Engineering 141 (August 2018): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.116.

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19

Singh, Randeep, Aliakbar Akbarzadeh, Chris Dixon, and Masataka Mochizuki. "Theoretical modelling of miniature loop heat pipe." Heat and Mass Transfer 46, no. 2 (November 15, 2009): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-009-0504-y.

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20

Wu, Shen Chun, Jhih Huang Gao, Zih Yan Huang, Dawn Wang, Cho Jeng Huang, Hsih Shing Li, Sheng Jwu Su, and Ya Wei Lee. "Effect of Increasing Wick Evaporation Area on Heat Transfer Performance for Loop Heat Pipes." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.223.

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This study investigates the effects of increasing the evaporating area of wick in a loop heat pipe (LHP). This work attempts to improve the performance of the loop heat pipe by increasing the number of grooves and thereby the surface area of the wick. The number of grooves is increased from eight to twelve. Experimental results show that increasing the number of grooves not only increases the surface area of the wick but also enhances LHP performance. When the evaporating surface area increases by 50%, which corresponds to increasing the number of grooves from eight to twelve, the heat transfer capacity increases from 310W to 470W and the thermal resistance is reduced from 0.21°C/W to 0.17°C/W. According to preliminary measurements, increasing the number of grooves in the loop heat pipe is highly promising for improving the heat transfer performance.

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21

Liu, Lei, Qiu Yue Guo, Xin Feng Guo, Hui Qing Fan, and Zhu Hai Zhong. "The Effect of Drag-Reducing Polymer on Heat Transfer in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.856.

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An experimental loop was established with API X52 steel pipes to investigate the effect of drag-reducing polymer on heat transfer in gas-liquid two-phase flow. The inner diameter of the steel pipe is forty millimeter and the test loop has four different test sections such as horizontal, inclined upward, inclined downward and vertical upward sections. The experimental results were presented. The relationship between the drag reduction efficiency and heat transfer reduction was analyzed. When the drag reduction induced by drag-reducing polymer is about 60~70%, the heat transfer between the fluid and the pipe wall obviously decreases. The heat transfer reduction can reach up to 80~90%, which is greater than the drag reduction. A new method is proposed for characterizing the effect of drag reducing polymer on the heat transfer in two-phase flow with Stanton Number.

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22

Adoni, Abhijit A., Amrit Ambirajan, V. S. Jasvanth, D. Kumar, Pradip Dutta, and K. Srinivasan. "Thermohydraulic Modeling of Capillary Pumped Loop and Loop Heat Pipe." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 21, no. 2 (April 2007): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.26222.

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23

Wu, Qingping, Rongji Xu, Ruixiang Wang, and Yanzhong Li. "The Influence of Pipe Types on The Thermal Performance of Flat-plat Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019401014.

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Flat-plat pulsating heat pipes (FCLPHPs) have a great potentiality in electronic cooling field and space application. In this investigation, three FCLPHPs (L1, L2, and L3) were built to study the influence of cross section shapes on the heat transfer performance of FCLPHP. One (L1) of them has asymmetric pipe, the others (L2, L3) have symmetric pipes. The results indicate that the FCLPHP L1 has the best heat transfer performance. Compared with the FCLPHPs L2 and L3, the start-up time reduces by 64% and the thermal resistance reduces by at most half respectively.

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24

Asmara, Dimas Panji, Mukhsinun Hadi Kusuma, Giarno Giarno, and Darwin Rio Budi Syaka. "STUDI EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH WICK PIPA KAPILER PADA MODEL LOOP HEAT PIPE." SIGMA EPSILON - Buletin Ilmiah Teknologi Keselamatan Reaktor Nuklir 25, no. 2 (November 28, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/sigma.2021.25.2.6365.

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Kecelakaan yang terjadi pada Pembangkait Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Fukushhima Dai – Ichi memacu para periset di bidang keselamatan nuklir untuk menggunakan sistem pendingin pasif dalam rangka meningkatkan keselamatan termal isntalasi nuklir. Salah satu teknologi sistem pendingin pasif yang potensial untuk diterapkan adalah Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) karena memiliki kemampuan pembuangan kalor yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh performa wick berupa pipa kapiler dalam rangka meningkatkan unjuk kerja termal dan distribusi suhu pada LHP. Metode eksperimen dilakukan dengan mengoperasikan LHP menggunakan wick. LHP dioperasikan dengan memvariasikan suhu air panas sebagai beban kalor di evaporator pada 35˚C, 45˚C, 55˚C dan 65˚C. Pendinginan pengambilan panas di bagian condenser dilakukan dengan mengaliri udara pada laju aliran udara 2 m/s. Sebelum dioperasikan, model LHP sebelum dioperasikan divakum hingga memiliki tekanan awal -74 cm Hg, dan diberikan fluida kerja air demineral dengan filliing ratio 200 %. Hasil eksperimen didapatkan suhu pada bagian adiabatic dengan wick lebih rendah dibandingkan pada bagian adiabatik tanpa wick. kesimpulan dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penggunaan wick pada LHP dapat berfungsi dengan baik untuk menahan uap tidak naik ke bagian condenser dan sebagai jalur fluida hasil kondensasi untuk kembali ke evaporator.

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25

Martvoňová, Lucia, Milan Malcho, and Jozef Jandačka. "Increase the efficiency of the fireplace insert with loop heat pipe." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032804002.

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The article is focused on increasing the efficiency of fireplace inserts by means of a device used to preheat the combustion air with a part of the heat from the flue gases. The proposed device is a heat pipe with a closed loop, where its evaporator takes heat from the flue gas in front of the chimney orifice and transfers it via saturated steam to the condenser. This heats the combustion air and thus increases the thermal efficiency of a small heat source.

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26

Verma, Bhawna, V. L. Yadav, and K. K. Srivastava. "HEAT TRANSFER STUDIES IN A CLOSED LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE." Heat Pipe Science and Technology, An International Journal 5, no. 1-4 (2014): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heatpipescietech.v5.i1-4.510.

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27

Chernysheva, M. A., and Y. F. Maydanik. "Heat and Mass Transfer in Evaporator of Loop Heat Pipe." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 23, no. 4 (October 2009): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.43244.

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28

Dongxing, Gai, Sun Jingyu, Chen Chen, and Chen Ting. "Hysteresis phenomena in flat-type loop heat pipe." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191010166d.

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Testing of loop heat pipes (LHPs) showed that the heat-load dependence of the operating temperature was not always unambiguous. It may have hysteresis phenomena. The temperature hysteresis had a certain relationship with previous history of the power variation, and also related to the initial parameters of the LHP. It has been found that the temperature hysteresis of the LHP was related to the gas-liquid distribution in the compensation chamber (CC) which depended on the interaction between heat leak of evaporator and the reflux liquid from condenser. The temperature of the LHP evaporator rose with the gas phase in the compensation chamber increased.

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29

Wibbels, M., and K. Den Braven. "The Effect of Cyclic Operation of a Horizontal Ground Loop on Ground Coupled Heat Pump Performance." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2871801.

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When the required load for single-speed heat pump is a fraction of its capacity, the heat pump must cycle. Multispeed heat pumps are able to vary their speed, and so cycle much less than single-speed heat pumps. The effect of cyclic operation on the heat pump ground loop and the consequent effect on heat pump performance have been examined. To analyze the effect of cyclic operation on heat transfer within the ground, separate finite element models were written for the ground loop and the surrounding soil. The models were used to compare the operation of the ground loop for single-speed and multispeed systems. Results were used to explore the effects of the pipe length, and to examine parameters which alter the effects of cycling. Parameters included pipe size and percent capacity. Results show that cyclic operation will decrease the performance of the heat pump, based solely on the performance of the ground loop (i.e., the total load remains fixed). It is also shown that as the pipe radius is increased, the effect of cyclic operation decreases, again due to the fluid capacity, and that as percent capacity decreases the cycling penalty increases.

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30

Sagia, Zoi, Athina Stegou, and Constantinos Rakopoulos. "Borehole Resistance and Heat Conduction Around Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (May 4, 2012): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123101206010032.

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Borehole thermal resistance in Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE) installations is affected by several parameters such as geometrical attributes of heat exchanger in the borehole, pipes' characteristics and grout’s thermal conductivity. A study is carried out to compare the values computed by Ground Loop Design (GLD) Software, GLD 2009, with three ana-lytical solutions for U-shaped tubes. The analysis is focused on dimensionless ratios of borehole geometrical parameters (borehole diameter to outside pipe diameter and shank spacing to borehole diameter) and pipes according to Standard Di-mension Ratio (SDR) and on eight common grouts. Finally, the effect of heat conduction in the borehole is examined by means of finite element analysis by Heat Transfer Module of COMSOL Multiphysics. A two-dimensional (2-D) steady-state simulation is done assuming working fluid temperatures for winter and summer conditions and typical Greek undis-turbed ground temperature in a field of four ground vertical U-tube heat exchangers surrounded by infinite ground. The temperature profile is presented and the total conductive heat flux from the pipe to the borehole wall per meter of length of ground heat exchanger is computed for pipes SDR11 (the outside diameter of the pipe is 11 times the thickness of its wall), SDR9 and SDR17 for summer working conditions and three different configurations. It is attempted to reach to comparative results for borehole thermal resistance value through different types of analysis, having considered the major factors that affect it and giving trends for the influence of each factor to the magnitude of its value.

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31

Liu, Shuailing, Guoyuan Ma, Xiaoya Jia, Shuxue Xu, and Guoqiang Wu. "Simulation research on heat recovery system of heat pump composite pump-driven loop heat pipe." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci211119044l.

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To promote energy-saving potentials of the energy recovery unit under all-year conditions, a composite system combining pump-driven loop heat pipe with heat pump was firstly proposed, and the mathematical models were established. The operating characteristics of the composite system were studied in the whole year and compared with the traditional heat pump heat recovery system. The results show that the heating capacity of the composite system is in line with the heating load in winter. Compared with the traditional heat pump system, the composite system has higher energy efficiency ratio and lower deviation degree of temperature effectiveness in the whole year. The heat pump composite pump-driven loop heat pipe heat recovery system is generally superior to similar system reported in literatures, which indicates that it can replace heat pump system in buildings ventilation.

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32

Singh, R., Masataka Mochizuki, Yuji Saito, Tadao Yamada, Thang Nguyen, Tien Nguyen, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "LOOP HEAT PIPE APPLICATIONS IN AUTOMOTIVE THERMAL CONTROL." Heat Pipe Science and Technology, An International Journal 5, no. 1-4 (2014): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heatpipescietech.v5.i1-4.710.

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33

N. Santhi Sree et al.,, N. Santhi Sree et al ,. "Thermal Analysis of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 8, no. 2 (2018): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdapr20183.

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34

Kim, Bong-Hun, and G. P. Peterson. "Experimental Study of a Reversible Loop Heat Pipe." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 19, no. 4 (October 2005): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.14283.

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35

UENO, Ai, Kazuya NAKAMURA, and Hosei NAGANO. "Study on an Anti-gravity Loop Heat Pipe." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2017.22 (2017): B135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2017.22.b135.

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36

Setyawan, Iwan, Imansyah Ibnu Hakim, and Nandy Putra. "Experimental study on a hybrid loop heat pipe." MATEC Web of Conferences 101 (2017): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710103011.

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37

Shukla, K. N. "Thermo-fluid dynamics of Loop Heat Pipe operation." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 35, no. 8 (October 2008): 916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2008.04.020.

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38

Hamdan, Mohammad, and Emad Elnajjar. "Thermodynamic analytical model of a loop heat pipe." Heat and Mass Transfer 46, no. 2 (November 11, 2009): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-009-0555-0.

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39

Froehlich, Donell P., and Barbara J. Glawe. "Parametric Analysis of Horizontal Air and Liquid Earth Loops." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929956.

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Equations and parameter characteristics were examined for both closed and open-earth loops. Analysis and graphs are presented on the heat exchange effectiveness of air and liquid earth loops and how the heat transfer is affected by major parameters such as: pipe diameter, soil thermal conductivity, fluid velocity, and fluid type. The open loop will produce more heat per unit length of pipe while the closed produces more total system heat. However, final loop selection is based on many factors that are both site and system specific.

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40

Jagtap, Harshal, and Uday Wankhede. "Experimental investigations of effect of sound waves on oscillation and startup characteristics of oscillating heat pipe at different orientations." Thermal Science 21, no. 6 Part A (2017): 2587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150804142j.

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This research deals with the effects of working fluid and use of sound waves on the startup and heat transfer characteristics in terms of thermal resistance of a closed loop oscillating heat pipe. The performance of the oscillating heat pipe is checked for different orientations as 90? (vertical position), 60?, and 30?. Initially water is used as working fluid and performance of the oscillating heat pipe is checked with and without sound waves. Then 0.1 wt.% Al2O3-water nanofluid is utilized as working fluid in oscillating heat pipe and its performance is analyzed with and without sound waves. In this work, sound waves of 1 kHz frequency are passed through the evaporator section of closed-loop oscillation heat pipe. Application of sound waves improved the oscillation characteristics of the CLOHP with reduced startup time and enhanced thermal performance at all orientations. In comparison between working fluids, 0.1 wt.% Al2O3-water nanofluid showed better oscillation characteristics at all orientations of CLOHP except at 90? where use of sound waves leads to dry-out condition.

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41

Ishida, Naoki, Masahito Nishikawara, Hideki Yanada, and Hiroshi Yokoyama. "Development of multi-evaporator loop heat pipe for solar heat utilization." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2020 (October 9, 2020): 0027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2020.0027.

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42

Cho, Hyokjin, Lingxue Jin, Seokho Kim, and Sangkwon Jeong. "Experimental validation of heat switch capability of cryogenic loop heat pipe." Cryogenics 121 (January 2022): 103403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103403.

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Shuailing, Liu, Ma Guoyuan, Jia Xiaoya, Xu Shuxue, and Wu Guoqiang. "Performance of a mechanically-driven loop heat pipe heat recovery system." Applied Thermal Engineering 207 (May 2022): 118066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118066.

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44

Chernysheva, M. A., Y. F. Maydanik, and J. M. Ochterbeck. "Heat Transfer Investigation in Evaporator of Loop Heat Pipe During Startup." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 22, no. 4 (October 2008): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.35519.

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SAKURAI, Hisashi, Yasuo KOIZUMI, and Hiroyasu OHTAKE. "Study on Heat Transport Characteristics of Loop-Type Micro Heat Pipe." Progress in Multiphase Flow Research 1 (2006): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3811/pmfr.1.205.

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SADO, Takahiko, Wataru ENOMOTO, and Atsushi TSUJIMORI. "505 Heat Transport Characteristics of Loop Heat Pipe for Cooling Servers." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2009.48 (2009): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2009.48.145.

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47

Nemec, Patrik, and Milan Malcho. "Distribution of heat flux by working fluid in loop heat pipe." EPJ Web of Conferences 114 (2016): 02081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611402081.

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Goncharov, K. A., O. A. Golovin, A. Yu Kochetkov, M. A. Balykin, K. N. Korzhov, Yu V. Panin, and V. A. Antonov. "On methods for loop heat pipe control by external heat action." Solar System Research 47, no. 7 (November 28, 2013): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0038094613070071.

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Gunnasegaran, Prem, Mohd Zulkifly Abdullah, and Mohd Zamri Yusoff. "Heat Transfer in a Loop Heat Pipe Using Fe2NiO4-H2O Nanofluid." MATEC Web of Conferences 109 (2017): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710905001.

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Gunnasegaran, Prem, Mohd Zulkifly Abdullah, Mohd Zamri Yusoff, and Rajesh Kanna. "Heat Transfer in a Loop Heat Pipe using Diamond-H2O Nanofluid." Heat Transfer Engineering 39, no. 13-14 (September 13, 2017): 1117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2017.1363616.

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