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Journal articles on the topic 'Looped pipe network'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Young, Brian. "Analysis and optimisation of looped water distribution networks." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 41, no. 4 (2000): 508–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000011796.

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AbstractA three stage procedure for the analysis and least-cost design of looped water distribution networks is considered in this paper. The first stage detects spanning trees and identifies the true global optimum for the system. The second stage determines hydraulically feasible pipe flows for the network by the numerical solution of a set of non-linear simultaneous equations and shows that these solutions are contained within closed convex polygonal regions in the solution space bounded by singularities resulting from zero flows in individual pipes. Ideal pipe diameters, consistent with th

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2

Gajghate, Preeti Walmik, Ashwini Mirajkar, Uzma Shaikh, Neeraj Dhanraj Bokde, and Zaher Mundher Yaseen. "Optimization of Layout and Pipe Sizes for Irrigation Pipe Distribution Network Using Steiner Point Concept." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 27, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657459.

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In tropical countries like India, irrigation is necessary to grow crops in the nonmonsoon period. The conventional methodology for conveying irrigation water from the source to the field is through open canals. However, considering huge losses due to evaporation and percolation, a modern system of irrigation like pipe irrigation network (PIN) is desired. Advancement in technology has led to the progress in the PIN as they are compatible with modern irrigation facilities such as sprinkler and drip irrigation systems. In the present study, the layout of the PIN is designed and optimized in two p

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3

Sharma, A. K., and P. K. Swamee. "Application of linear programming for looped water supply pipe network design." Water Supply 13, no. 5 (2013): 1195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.126.

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It has been indicated in the literature that looped water distribution systems designed with the linear programming (LP) optimisation technique are converted into tree-like structures resulting in the disappearance of the original geometry in the final design. Looped networks are provided for system reliability, thus such a design approach will defeat the basic purpose of looped systems provision. Such a limitation has hindered the application of LP for the design of looped water supply networks. A method for the design of a looped water distribution system has been developed such that the loo

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4

Sarbu, Ioan, and Gabriel Ostafe. "Determination of Neutral Point in Water Distribution Network Pipes with Variable Discharge on Route." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.428.

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Distribution networks are an essential part of all water supply systems. Distribution system costs within any water supply scheme may be equal to or greater than 60% of the entire cost of the project. The reliability of supply is much greater in the case of looped networks. The pipe networks have concentrated outflows or uniform outflow along the length of each pipe. In some pipes with variable discharge of a looped distribution network, water velocity could be reversed between its extremities. Thus, it is a water stall point denominated neutral point in which the discharge is null. In this pa

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5

Yoo, Do Guen, Ho Min Lee, Ali Sadollah, and Joong Hoon Kim. "Optimal Pipe Size Design for Looped Irrigation Water Supply System Using Harmony Search: Saemangeum Project Area." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/651763.

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Water supply systems are mainly classified into branched and looped network systems. The main difference between these two systems is that, in a branched network system, the flow within each pipe is a known value, whereas in a looped network system, the flow in each pipe is considered an unknown value. Therefore, an analysis of a looped network system is a more complex task. This study aims to develop a technique for estimating the optimal pipe diameter for a looped agricultural irrigation water supply system using a harmony search algorithm, which is an optimization technique. This study main

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6

Lee, Jinwoo, Gunhui Chung, Heeseong Park, and Innjoon Park. "Evaluation of the Structure of Urban Stormwater Pipe Network Using Drainage Density." Water 10, no. 10 (2018): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101444.

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In mega cities such as Seoul in South Korea, it is very important to protect the cities from surface flooding even for a short time period due to the enormous economic damage. That is why stormwater pipe networks are commonly applied to mega cities with large impervious areas to drain runoff from the city. Therefore, the stormwater pipe networks in urban catchments should be carefully designed for quick and efficient runoff removal. In this study, the structures of different stormwater pipe networks were evaluated based on the relationship between peak rainfall and runoff in the urban catchmen

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7

Nedaei, Mojtaba. "Impact of Network Configuration on Hydraulic Constraints and Cost in the Optimization of Water Distribution Networks." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 3126. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063126.

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This study introduces a novel approach for the multi-model analysis of complex water distribution networks (WDNs). The research focuses on designing and optimizing various WDN configurations while adhering to hydraulic constraints. Several key parameters and criteria are considered to achieve an efficient design. Additionally, different network layouts are evaluated, including looped and non-looped systems with varying numbers of reservoirs. Next, an analytical approach is developed to optimize the proposed WDNs, taking into account pipe type, length, and diameter, as well as nodal demands, el

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8

Hoțupan, Anca, Roxana Mare, and Adriana Hădărean. "Water Loss Reduction in Water Distribution Networks. Case Study." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 9, no. 1 (2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2019-0009.

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Abstract Water losses on the potable water distribution networks represent an important issue; on the one hand, water loss does not bring money and on the other hand, they modify water flow and pressure distribution on the entire system and this can lead to a cut-off of the water supply. A stringent monitoring of the water distribution network reduces considerably the water losses. The appearance of a leakage inside the distribution network is inevitable in time. But very important is its location and repair time – that are recommended to be as short as possible. The present paper analyses the

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9

Brkić, Dejan, and Pavel Praks. "Short Overview of Early Developments of the Hardy Cross Type Methods for Computation of Flow Distribution in Pipe Networks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102019.

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Hardy Cross originally proposed a method for analysis of flow in networks of conduits or conductors in 1936. His method was the first really useful engineering method in the field of pipe network calculation. Only electrical analogs of hydraulic networks were used before the Hardy Cross method. A problem with flow resistance versus electrical resistance makes these electrical analog methods obsolete. The method by Hardy Cross is taught extensively at faculties, and it remains an important tool for the analysis of looped pipe systems. Engineers today mostly use a modified Hardy Cross method tha

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10

Jiao, Jing, Hai Wang, and Hai Ying Wang. "Design and Analysis of Distributed Pump-System in District Heating Network." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.156.

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This paper presents a new scheme of distributed pump-system for district heating network. As no circulating pumps for the heat sources and no throttle valves for the users, much energy is saved. And the control of hydraulic parameters can be adjusted without interfering with that of the thermodynamic parameters. The novel scheme is available for both looped pipeline networks (LPNs) with multiple heat sources and dendritic pipeline networks (DPNs) with single heat source. Moreover, for users located at the hydraulic intersection points of the looped pipe network with multi-heat sources, their w

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11

Martínez, Jose Bienvenido. "Quantifying the economy of flow distribution in water supply looped networks." Journal of Hydroinformatics 13, no. 4 (2011): 687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2011.082.

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Optimization of water supply looped networks has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers for more than 30 years. As the classical water supply looped network optimization problem is mathematically non-convex and multimodal, the resulting solution of most approaches is uncertain in the sense of how close it is to the “best” solution. In many cases, this “best” or “global” solution is invoked and pursued only intuitively without a clear understanding of its meaning. This paper discusses what is involved in “global” solutions and the role that pipe flow distribution can play to deal

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12

Brkić, Dejan, and Pavel Praks. "An Efficient Iterative Method for Looped Pipe Network Hydraulics Free of Flow-Corrections." Fluids 4, no. 2 (2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4020073.

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The original and improved versions of the Hardy Cross iterative method with related modifications are today widely used for the calculation of fluid flow through conduits in loop-like distribution networks of pipes with known node fluid consumptions. Fluid in these networks is usually natural gas for distribution in municipalities, water in waterworks or hot water in district heating systems, air in ventilation systems in buildings and mines, etc. Since the resistances in these networks depend on flow, the problem is not linear like in electrical circuits, and an iterative procedure must be us

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13

Kim, Seonghan, Kwansue Jung, Sukmin Yoon, and No-Suk Park. "A Study on the Effects of Model Structure and Demand Allocation on Water Network Modeling." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 3 (2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.3.110.

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Objectives:In order to reduce the uncertainty of the pipe network modeling, the model structure was basically included all distribution pipes and several models were proposed according to the location of the water meters.Methods:For models verification, first, a steady state simulation of each model was made by constructing a model including all water supply pipes (All-meters Model), which are the bases of 3 simplified models, and considering the location of all water meters. The network analysis was performed by dividing into the steady state and the extended period simulation.Results and Dis

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14

Wei, Fang. "Valve-Shut off Scheme and Affected Zone Analysis of Multi-Sources Looped-Pipe Network Based on ARCGIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.178.

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Based on ArcGIS,Multi-heat sources and multi-loops complex heating network is Modeled and simulated ,and a functional method is put forward, by using Geodatabase data model,it can creat relating matrix and basic loop matrix of heat network quickly,and calculate Hydraulic Regime of heating Network with the Basic Circuit.When pipe-bursting accident occur in heating Network,along with changes in the logical network model.also the entire calculation model is changed.This method is applied to the Study of Valve-shut off scheme after tube-burst accident ,the heating Influence of the accident can be

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15

KIM, BUM-SHIN, SEONG-YEON YOO, and WOONG-SUN CHO. "DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE LOOPED FLOW NETWORK USING CONSTITUTIVE TOPOLOGIC MATRIX EQUATION." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 20, no. 02 (2012): 1250005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132512500058.

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Flow network which consists of a number of flow paths and their junctions is popularly used in analysis of flow and pressure distribution for complicated pipe or channel flow structure. In order to analyze flow network, it is required to resolve mass conservation equation at each junction and energy conservation equation on all independent closed loops of the flow network. Topologic matrix which reflects characteristics of network connectivity simply transforms continuity equations into linear algebraic equations. However, typical solving procedure based on topologic matrix and linear analysis

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16

Hesarkazzazi, Sina, Mohsen Hajibabaei, Julian David Reyes-Silva, Peter Krebs, and Robert Sitzenfrei. "Assessing Redundancy in Stormwater Structures Under Hydraulic Design." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041003.

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As environmental change is happening at an unprecedented pace, a reliable and proper urban drainage design is required to alleviate the negative effects of unexpected extreme rainfall events occurring due to the natural and anthropogenic variations such as climate change and urbanization. Since structure/configuration of a stormwater network plays an imperative role in the design and hydraulic behavior of the system, the goal of this paper is to elaborate upon the significance of possessing redundancy (e.g., alternative flow paths as in loops) under simultaneous hydraulic design in stormwater

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17

Djordjević, S., D. Prodanović, Č. Maksimović, M. Ivetić, and D. Savić. "SIPSON – Simulation of Interaction between Pipe flow and Surface Overland flow in Networks." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 5 (2005): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0143.

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The new simulation model, named SIPSON, based on the Preissmann finite difference method and the conjugate gradient method, is presented in the paper. This model simulates conditions when the hydraulic capacity of a sewer system is exceeded, pipe flow is pressurized, the water flows out from the piped system to the streets, and the inlets cannot capture all the runoff. In the mathematical model, buried structures and pipelines, together with surface channels, make a horizontally and vertically looped network involving a complex interaction of flows. In this paper, special internal boundary con

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18

Gaikwad, Sonali, Dr D. K. Rajmane, and Dr S. D. Khandekar. "Exploration of Pressure Driven Method in Hydraulic Modelling of Water Distribution Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (2022): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46287.

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Abstract: A water supply network is assessed on its efficiency and capability to cater to the demand of consumers. There are two approaches for analysing a network viz. Demand Driven Approach (DDA) & Pressure Driven Approach (PDA). It assumes that the demands at all nodes are always satisfied, irrespective of the available nodal pressure. But many a times, in an operational network, certain situations such as pipe burst, pump failure, fire demand, supply shortage etc. arise. These situations cause pressure deficiency or even negative pressures. Such lower pressures cause water shortage at

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19

Čistý, Milan, Zbynek Bajtek, and Anna Becová. "Irrigation network design and reconstruction and its analysis by simulation model." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 9, no. 1 (2014): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2014-0001.

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Abstract There are many problems related to pipe network rehabilitation, the main one being how to provide an increase in the hydraulic capacity of a system. Because of its complexity the conventional optimizations techniques are poorly suited for solving this task. In recent years some successful attempts to apply modern heuristic methods to this problem have been published. The main part of the paper deals with applying such technique, namely the harmony search methodology, to network rehabilitation optimization considering both technical and economic aspects of the problem. A case study of

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20

Vertommen, Ina, Djordje Mitrović, Karel van Laarhoven, Pieter Piens, and Maarten Torbeyns. "Optimization of Water Network Topology and Pipe Sizing to Aid Water Utilities in Deciding on a Design Philosophy: A Real Case Study in Belgium." Water 14, no. 23 (2022): 3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233973.

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Numerical optimization is gradually finding its way into drinking water practice. For successful introduction of optimization into the sector, it is important that researchers and utility experts work together on the problem formulation with the water utility experts. Water utilities heed the solutions provided by optimization techniques only when the underlying approach and performance criteria match their specific goals. In this contribution, we demonstrate the application of numerical optimization on a real-life problem. The Belgian utility De Watergroep is looking to not only reinforce its

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21

Zischg, Jonatan, Wolfgang Rauch, and Robert Sitzenfrei. "Morphogenesis of Urban Water Distribution Networks: A Spatiotemporal Planning Approach for Cost-Efficient and Reliable Supply." Entropy 20, no. 9 (2018): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20090708.

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Cities and their infrastructure networks are always in motion and permanently changing in structure and function. This paper presents a methodology for automatically creating future water distribution networks (WDNs) that are stressed step-by-step by disconnection and connection of WDN parts. The associated effects of demand shifting and flow rearrangements are simulated and assessed with hydraulic performances. With the methodology, it is possible to test various planning and adaptation options of the future WDN, where the unknown (future) network is approximated via the co-located and known

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22

Novokhatniy, V., O. Matyash, and I. Usenko. "ENERGY SAVING THROUGH IMPROVED TOPOLOGY OF THE CITY WATER NETWORK." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 175 (2023): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-99-104.

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This article compares the operation of the existing water supply system in the city Kremenchuk, Poltava region, namely the giving-distributive complex (GDC), which includes the main water network and the pumping station of the 2-nd lift, with the GDC, in which the topological structure has been improved by introducing a new section of the network. During the operation of the GDC, the tasks of repairing or replacing pipes of individual sections the water network constantly arise. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the topological structure of the water network during its reconst

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23

Mounce, S. R., E. J. M. Blokker, S. P. Husband, W. R. Furnass, P. G. Schaap, and J. B. Boxall. "Multivariate data mining for estimating the rate of discolouration material accumulation in drinking water distribution systems." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 1 (2015): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.140.

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Particulate material accumulates over time as cohesive layers on internal pipeline surfaces in water distribution systems (WDS). When mobilised, this material can cause discolouration. This paper explores factors expected to be involved in this accumulation process. Two complementary machine learning methodologies are applied to significant amounts of real world field data from both a qualitative and a quantitative perspective. First, Kohonen self-organising maps were used for integrative and interpretative multivariate data mining of potential factors affecting accumulation. Second, evolution

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Brunone, Bruno, Filomena Maietta, Caterina Capponi, Huan-Feng Duan, and Silvia Meniconi. "Detection of Partial Blockages in Pressurized Pipes by Transient Tests: A Review of the Physical Experiments." Fluids 8, no. 1 (2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8010019.

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Pressure waves, while traveling along pressurized pipes, collect precious information about possible faults (e.g., leaks and partial blockages). In fact, the characteristics of the pressure wave reflected by the fault are strongly related to it. To encourage the use of the transient test-based technologies (TTBTs) for partial blockage (PB) detection in pressurized pipe systems, it can be of interest to critically analyze the available experimental results and to point out the aspects that need to be investigated in more detail, since no review has been executed so far. Such a deficiency has tw

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Abd-Elaal, Alaa-Eldin M., and Ali A. M. Gad. "Improvement of plumbing systems performance using looped water pipe networks within buildings." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 67, no. 7 (2018): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2018.027.

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Rahimi, Mohammad, and Ali Haghighi. "A Graph Portioning Approach for Hydraulic Analysis-Design of Looped Pipe Networks." Water Resources Management 29, no. 14 (2015): 5339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-1121-9.

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27

Mujeeb, Mujeebullah, Lutfullah Safi, and Ainullah Mirzazada. "Comparison of Newton Raphson – Linear Theory and Hardy Cross Methods Calculations for a Looped Water Supply Network." Journal of Natural Science Review 2, no. 2 (2024): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62810/jnsr.v2i2.40.

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This study conducts a comparative analysis between the Newton-Raphson and Hardy Cross methods for solving a looped main linear water network consisting of 4 pipes. The research findings demonstrate a high degree of unity between the outcomes obtained from these two methods, thereby validating their accuracy and reliability in solving water network equations. While the Newton-Raphson method shows faster convergence than the Hardy-Cross Method, both approaches effectively plan and analyze water networks. The analytical methodology employed in this study provides valuable insights into the applic

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Ranginkaman, Mohammad Hadi, Ali Haghighi, and Hossein Mohammad Vali Samani. "Application of the Frequency Response Method for Transient Flow Analysis of Looped Pipe Networks." International Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 4 (2017): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0176-9.

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Manolis, Antonis, and Epaminondas Sidiropoulos. "A New Approach to the Optimization of Looped Water Distribution Networks with Velocity Constraints." Hydrology 9, no. 5 (2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9050073.

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The optimal design of a looped water distribution system is a problem that is addressed frequently in the literature. Usually, the flow velocity in the pipes is not taken into account. Nevertheless, in real-life applications, there are velocity restrictions that must be considered for the proper function of water distribution systems. An algorithm has been presented recently for the optimal design of such systems, relying entirely on the hydraulic characteristics of the system, and not involving any parameters to be adjusted. This paper presents a new suitably designed algorithm that retained

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30

Piazza, Stefania, Mariacrocetta Sambito, and Gabriele Freni. "Analysis of Optimal Sensor Placement in Looped Water Distribution Networks Using Different Water Quality Models." Water 15, no. 3 (2023): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030559.

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Urban looped water distribution systems are highly vulnerable to water quality issues. They could be subject to contamination events (accidental or deliberate), compromising the water quality inside them and causing damage to the users’ health. An efficient monitoring system must be developed to prevent this, supported by a suitable model for assessing water quality. Currently, several studies use advective–reactive models to analyse water quality, neglecting diffusive transport, which is claimed to be irrelevant in turbulent flows. Although this may be true in simple systems, such as linear t

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Avila-Melgar, Erika Yesenia, Marco Antonio Cruz-Chávez, and Beatriz Martinez-Bahena. "General methodology for using Epanet as an optimization element in evolutionary algorithms in a grid computing environment for water distribution network design." Water Supply 17, no. 1 (2016): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.101.

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In this paper, an evolutionary algorithm, called EA-WDND, is developed to optimize water distribution network design for real instances. The evolutionary algorithm uses the Epanet Solver which, while not an optimizer, helps to evaluate the operational constraints of mass conservation, energy conservation, pressure in nodes (nodal heads) of the network, and velocities of water in network pipes. Epanet is used by the EA-WDND to evaluate whether the looped network is operating properly. Consequently, the EA-WDND obtains feasible configurations of network design. The best configuration, which has

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Meniconi, Silvia, Filomena Maietta, Stefano Alvisi, et al. "A Quick Survey of the Most Vulnerable Areas of a Water Distribution Network Due to Transients Generated in a Service Line: A Lagrangian Model Based on Laboratory Tests." Water 14, no. 17 (2022): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172741.

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This paper analyses the propagation and mechanisms of interaction of a pressure wave in a looped water distribution network by means of laboratory and numerical tests. Transients are generated by the complete and fast closure of a valve, simulating an end-user maneuver, located at the downstream end section of a service line. The adequate length of the service line allows capturing each single pressure wave inserted into the network. The executed tests and successive analysis by means of a Lagrangian model (LM) highlight the effect of the network topology and the location of the transient gene

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Das, Saini, Arunabha Mukhopadhyay, and Bharat Bhasker. "Today’s Action is Better than Tomorrow’s Cure - Evaluating Information Security at a Premier Indian Business School." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 15, no. 3 (2013): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2013070101.

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Information Security breaches today affect a large number of organizations including universities, globally. They pose an immense threat to the C-I-A (confidentiality, integrity and availability) of information. Hence, it is important to have proper Information Security Management System (ISMS) designed in accordance with industry adopted standards for risk management. The current case explores the IT infrastructure at a premier Indian business school where internet support is required round the clock. The entire ISMS framework of the organization, including security policy, security budget an

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Gibson, John H., and Bryan Karney. "How different regional approaches to the network design result in key differences in burst event severity and failure vulnerability." Water Supply, August 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.227.

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Abstract The pipe burst response of an innovative Dutch water distribution network is compared to a traditional looped North American network. Dutch networks focus on water quality and use smaller diameter pipes in branches. The branched network discharges much less water after a burst, which may reduce local flooding, traffic disruption, and product and energy loss. In addition, high velocities and transient pressures are shown to be much more localized in the branched Dutch network after a burst, reducing the risks associated with the intrusion of contaminants. However, despite improved wate

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PAN, Bin, HuanFeng DUAN, Alireza KERAMAT, and FeiFei ZHENG. "Transient analysis based pipeline condition assessment in looped water pipe networks." June 16, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8047557.

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The uploaded files are the data for the paper titled:  <strong>Transient analysis based pipeline condition assessment </strong><strong>in looped water pipe networks</strong> The dataset includes the head and discharge rate information for the forward-backward transient analysis of four numerical cases, as well as the information about Jiaxing City's pipe network.

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Dastgir, Aun, Sina Hesarkazzazi, Martin Oberascher, Mohsen Hajibabaei, and Robert Sitzenfrei. "Graph method for critical pipe analysis of branched and looped drainage networks." Water Science and Technology, December 17, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.413.

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Abstract Enhancing resilience of drainage networks is a crucial practice to protect both humans and nature. One way to enhance resilience is to identify critical parts of drainage networks for targeted management and maintenance strategies. While hydrodynamic modelling approaches for identification are computationally intensive, in this study, a novel method based on complex network analysis is used to determine the most critical pipes in a benchmark and a real network of an Alpine municipality. For evaluation, the results of the proposed graph method are compared with hydrodynamic simulations

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Singh, Sunny, and Shweta Rathi. "Redundancy improvement using variance of pipe-flow series in water distribution systems considering pressure-deficient modeling approaches." Water Supply, March 14, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2025.035.

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ABSTRACT Redundancy is an important parameter for the resilient design of water distribution systems (WDSs). However, there is lack of knowledge regarding where to add the pipes in WDSs to increase the redundancy for branch and the looped WDN network. In this paper, the redundancy of WDSs of branch and looped water distribution system is increased by adding one-by-one pipes with the objective of minimization of variance of the pipe-flows (VPF) and ensuring cost-effective and reliable design of networks under pressure-deficient conditions suggested by pressure-dependent analysis (PDA) of Paez e

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Brkić, Dejan, and Pavel Praks. "Short Overview of Early Developments of the Hardy Cross Type Methods for Computation of Flow Distribution in Pipe Networks." May 16, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102019.

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Hardy Cross originally proposed a method for analysis of flow in networks of conduits or conductors in 1936. His method was the first really useful engineering method in the field of pipe network calculation. Only electrical analogs of hydraulic networks were used before the Hardy Cross method. A problem with flow resistance versus electrical resistance makes these electrical analog methods obsolete. The method by Hardy Cross is taught extensively at faculties, and it remains an important tool for the analysis of looped pipe systems. Engineers today mostly use a modified Hardy Cross method tha

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39

Brkíc, D. "Erratum: A gas distribution network hydraulic problem from practice (Petroleum Science and Technology 29: 4 (366-377))." January 1, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3243249.

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The purpose of this is the determination of appropriate friction factor and selection of a representative equation for natural gas flow under the presented conditions in the network. Calculation of the presented looped gas pipeline network is done according to principles of Hardy Cross method. The final flows were calculated for known pipe diameters and nodes consumptions while the flow velocities through pipes have to stand below certain values. In optimization problems flows are treated as constant, and the diameters are variables.

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J., Tospornsampan, Kita I., Ishii M., and Kitamura Y. "Split-Pipe Design of Water Distribution Network Using Simulated Annealing." April 21, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1057909.

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In this paper a procedure for the split-pipe design of looped water distribution network based on the use of simulated annealing is proposed. Simulated annealing is a heuristic-based search algorithm, motivated by an analogy of physical annealing in solids. It is capable for solving the combinatorial optimization problem. In contrast to the split-pipe design that is derived from a continuous diameter design that has been implemented in conventional optimization techniques, the split-pipe design proposed in this paper is derived from a discrete diameter design where a set of pipe diameters is c

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Brkić, Dejan, and Pavel Praks. "An Efficient Iterative Method for Looped Pipe Network Hydraulics Free of Flow-Corrections." April 15, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids4020073.

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The original and improved versions of the Hardy Cross iterative method with related modifications are today widely used for the calculation of fluid flow through conduits in loop-like distribution networks of pipes with known node fluid consumptions. Fluid in these networks is usually natural gas for distribution in municipalities, water in waterworks or hot water in district heating systems, air in ventilation systems in buildings and mines, etc. Since the resistances in these networks depend on flow, the problem is not linear like in electrical circuits, and an iterative procedure must be us

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Wang, Chang, Dan Bai, Yibo Li, et al. "Effect of irrigation commutative flow technology on reducing deposition and improving anticlogging performance of a flat labyrinth drip pipe." Water Supply, September 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2022.325.

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Abstract This paper proposes a commutative flow technology of drip irrigation in a looped pipe network. Switching the flow direction of the drip irrigation pipe can improve the flow velocity in the lateral, consequently washing up the sediment deposited in the lateral and flow channel of the emitter. Thus, this technology can reduce sediment deposition and prevent blockage of the drip irrigation pipe. To verify the effectiveness of the commutative flow technology, the drip irrigation experiment was conducted, and the unidirectional flow technology experiment was the control. At the end of the

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J., Tospornsampan, Kita I., Ishii M., and Kitamura Y. "Split-Pipe Design of Water Distribution Networks Using a Combination of Tabu Search and Genetic Algorithm." April 26, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1081951.

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In this paper a combination approach of two heuristic-based algorithms: genetic algorithm and tabu search is proposed. It has been developed to obtain the least cost based on the split-pipe design of looped water distribution network. The proposed combination algorithm has been applied to solve the three well-known water distribution networks taken from the literature. The development of the combination of these two heuristic-based algorithms for optimization is aimed at enhancing their strengths and compensating their weaknesses. Tabu search is rather systematic and deterministic that uses ad

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"Optimization of Hydraulic Pressures in Kabacan Water District Pipe Network using h-Newton-Raphson Technique." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 2S11 (2019): 2782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b1342.0982s1119.

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The purpose of this study is to optimize the hydraulic pressures of a real-world water distribution network to protect the system with sustained adequate water supply. This novel approach is different from other published works in the sense that this study is intended to improve the water system of the Kabacan Water District (KWD) in Cotabato, Philippines. Yet, there are no previous scholarly efforts done with the KWD water system; thus, this study. The method used here is a modification of the methods used by references [4] and [14]. This optimization approach includes determination of contro

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Yan, Hexiang, Shixun Li, Wenchong Tian, et al. "A Hybrid Model Coupling Data and Hydraulic Transient Laws for Water Distribution Systems." Water Resources Research 61, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr036641.

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AbstractThe physics‐informed neural network (PINN) method has been applied to solve water hammer equations in pipeline systems due to its ability of seamlessly integrate measurement data with conservation laws, offering advantages over traditional numerical method. However, existing PINN approaches require multiple neural networks to construct composite models for complex water distribution systems (WDS). This situation treats nodal information as boundary condition or labeled data during training, leading to a weaker robustness and a high demand for data. To address these issues, a hybrid wat

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Zarei, Negin, Arash Azari, and Mohammad Mehdi Heidari. "Improvement of the performance of NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms in multi-objective optimization of urban water distribution networks based on modification of decision space." Applied Water Science 12, no. 6 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01610-w.

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AbstractWater distribution networks require huge investment for construction. Involved people, especially researchers, are always seeking to find a way for decreasing costs and achieving an efficient design. One of the main factors of the network design is the selection of proper diameters based on costs and deficit of flow pressure and velocity in the network. The reduction in construction costs is accomplished by minimizing the diameter of network pipes which leads to the pressure drop in the network. Supplying proper pressure in nodes is one of the important design principles, and low press

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Fu, Anqi, Yongji Dai, and Junfei Qiao. "Decentralized Periodic Event‐Triggered Control for Nonlinear Switched Systems." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, December 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7803.

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ABSTRACTDecentralized periodic event‐triggered control (DPETC) is a method that allows sensors to be placed flexibly while cutting down on their workload and the amount of data they send in a feedback loop, which makes it a good fit for wireless network control systems. In this article, we investigate the control issues of nonlinear switched systems whose switches are determined by the system input and consider their stability by designing a DPETC scheme. Additionally, we model and control a water distribution system with looped pipe network using a switched model and the proposed theory. In t

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Brkić, Dejan, and Brkic Dejan. "Spreadsheet-Based Pipe Networks Analysis for Teaching and Learning Purpose." August 29, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.889609.

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An example of hydraulic design project for teaching purpose is presented. Students' task is to develop a looped distribution network for water (i.e. to determinate node consumptions, disposal of pipes, and finally to calculate flow rates in the network's pipes and their optimal diameters). This can be accomplished by using the original Hardy Cross method, the improved Hardy Cross method, the node-loop method, etc. For the improved Hardy Cross method and the node-loop method, use of matrix calculation is mandatory. Because the analysis of water distribution networks is an essential component of

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Ina, Vertommen, Mitrovic Djordje, van Laarhoven Karel, Piens Pieter, and Torbeyns Maarten. "Optimization of Water Network Topology and Pipe Sizing to Aid Water Utilities in Deciding on a Design Philosophy: A Real Case Study in Belgium." Water - Special Issue Optimization Studies for Water Distribution Systems 14, no. 23 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233973.

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Numerical optimization is gradually finding its way into drinking water practice. For successful introduction of optimization into the sector, it is important that researchers and utility experts work together on the problem formulation with the water utility experts. Water utilities heed the solutions provided by optimization techniques only when the underlying approach and performance criteria match their specific goals. In this contribution, we demonstrate the application of numerical optimization on a real-life problem. The Belgian utility De Watergroep is looking to not only reinforce its

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Brkić, Dejan. "Iterative Methods for Looped Network Pipeline Calculation." March 17, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9784-3.

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Since the value of the hydraulic resistance depends on flow rate, problem of flow distribution per pipes in a gas or water distributive looped pipelines has to be solved using iterative procedure. A number of iterative methods for determining of hydraulic solution of pipeline networks, such as, Hardy Cross, Modified Hardy Cross, Node-Loop method, Modified Node method and M.M. Andrijašev method are shown in this paper. Convergence properties are compared and discussed using a simple network with three loops. In a municipal gas pipeline, natural gas can be treated as incompressible fluid. Even u

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