To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Loose Cycle.
Journal articles on the topic 'Loose Cycle'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Loose Cycle.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Sárközy, Gábor N. "Improved monochromatic loose cycle partitions in hypergraphs." Discrete Mathematics 334 (November 2014): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2014.06.025.
Full text
2
FERBER, ASAF, KYLE LUH, DANIEL MONTEALEGRE, and OANH NGUYEN. "Packing Loose Hamilton Cycles." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 26, no. 6 (August 1, 2017): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548317000402.
Full textAbstract:
A subsetCof edges in ak-uniform hypergraphHis aloose Hamilton cycleifCcovers all the vertices ofHand there exists a cyclic ordering of these vertices such that the edges inCare segments of that order and such that every two consecutive edges share exactly one vertex. The binomial randomk-uniform hypergraphHkn,phas vertex set [n] and an edge setEobtained by adding eachk-tuplee∈ ($\binom{[n]}{k}$) toEwith probabilityp, independently at random.Here we consider the problem of finding edge-disjoint loose Hamilton cycles covering all buto(|E|) edges, referred to as thepacking problem. While it is known that the threshold probability of the appearance of a loose Hamilton cycle inHkn,pis$p=\Theta\biggl(\frac{\log n}{n^{k-1}}\biggr),$the best known bounds for the packing problem are aroundp= polylog(n)/n. Here we make substantial progress and prove the following asymptotically (up to a polylog(n) factor) best possible result: forp≥ logCn/nk−1, a randomk-uniform hypergraphHkn,pwith high probability contains$N:=(1-o(1))\frac{\binom{n}{k}p}{n/(k-1)}$edge-disjoint loose Hamilton cycles.Our proof utilizes and modifies the idea of ‘online sprinkling’ recently introduced by Vu and the first author.
3
DUDEK, ANDRZEJ, ALAN FRIEZE, ANDRZEJ RUCIŃSKI, and MATAS ŠILEIKIS. "Loose Hamilton Cycles in Regular Hypergraphs." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 24, no. 1 (September 24, 2014): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548314000406.
Full textAbstract:
We establish a relation between two uniform models of randomk-graphs (for constantk⩾ 3) onnlabelled vertices: ℍ(k)(n,m), the randomk-graph with exactlymedges, and ℍ(k)(n,d), the randomd-regulark-graph. By extending the switching technique of McKay and Wormald tok-graphs, we show that, for some range ofd = d(n)and a constantc> 0, ifm~cnd, then one can couple ℍ(k)(n,m)and ℍ(k)(n,d)so that the latter contains the former with probability tending to one asn→ ∞. In view of known results on the existence of a loose Hamilton cycle in ℍ(k)(n,m), we conclude that ℍ(k)(n,d)contains a loose Hamilton cycle whend≫ logn(or justd⩾Clogn, ifk= 3) andd=o(n1/2).
4
Anita Damayanti, Sriyanti Rahmatunnisa, and Lia Rahmawati. "PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS BERKARYA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH BERBASIS STEAM DENGAN MEDIA LOOSE PARTS." Jurnal Buah Hati 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/buahhati.v7i2.1124.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to describe the process and learning outcomes through STEAM based on loose parts that can improve the creativity of working children aged 5-6 years in group B Kindergarten Juara Bekasi City in 2019. The subjects of this study were 12 children. The research method used in this study is Classroom Action Research by Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which includes four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. This study consisted of 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 meetings. The data analysis technique used in this study is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis by analyzing data from observations, documentations, and interviews. Quantitative data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis that compares results obtained from pre-intervention, first cycle and second cycle. The results of this study indicate an increase in early childhood creativity through STEAM learning based on loose parts, it can be proved completeness of pre-intervention creativity by 31%. Then it increased in the first cycle by 56,50% and the second cycle by 83,70%. It was concluded that to improve the creativity of working children aged 5-6 years, teachers can use STEAM learning based on loose parts.
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses dan hasil pembelajaran Jarak Jauh berbasis STEAM dengan Media loose parts yang dapat meningkatkan kreativitas berkarya anak usia 5-6 tahun kelompok B TK Juara Bekasi Tahun 2020. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 12 anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart yang meliputi empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 kali pertemuan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis data kualitatif dengan cara menganalisis data dari hasil observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara selama penelitian. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif yaitu membandingkan hasil yang diperoleh dari pra-siklus, siklus pertama dan siklus kedua. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kreativitas berkarya anak usia5-6 tahun melalui pembelajaran berbasis STEAM dengan media loose parts, dapat dibuktikan ketuntasan kreativitas pra-intervensi sebesar 31%. Kemudian mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I sebesar 56,50% dan siklus II sebesar 83,70%. Disimpulkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kreativitas berkarya anak usia 5-6 tahun, guru dapat menggunakan pembelajaran Jarak Jauh berbasis STEAM dengan media loose parts.
Kata Kunci: Kreativitas, STEAM, Loose Parts
5
Bunge, Ryan C., Dontez Collins, Daryl Conko-Camel, Saad I. El-Zanati, Rachel Liebrecht, and Alexander Vasquez. "Maximum packings of the λ-fold complete 3-uniform hypergraph with loose 3-cycles." Opuscula Mathematica 40, no. 2 (2020): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/opmath.2020.40.2.209.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that the 3-uniform loose 3-cycle decomposes the complete 3-uniform hypergraph of order \(v\) if and only if \(v \equiv 0, 1,\text{ or }2 (\operatorname{mod} 9)\). For all positive integers \(\lambda\) and \(v\), we find a maximum packing with loose 3-cycles of the \(\lambda\)-fold complete 3-uniform hypergraph of order \(v\). We show that, if \(v \geq 6\), such a packing has a leave of two or fewer edges.
6
ZHANG, YUNXIN. "LOOSE MECHANOCHEMICAL COUPLING OF MOLECULAR MOTORS." Modern Physics Letters B 26, no. 21 (July 16, 2012): 1250137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984912501370.
Full textAbstract:
In living cells, molecular motors convert chemical energy into mechanical work. Its thermodynamic energy efficiency, i.e. the ratio of output mechanical work to input chemical energy, is usually high. However, using two-state models, we found the motion of molecular motors is loosely coupled to the chemical cycle. Only part of the input energy can be converted into mechanical work. Others are dissipated into environment during substeps without contributions to the unidirectional movement.
7
Pandey, Ramsharan, Nurun Nahar, Scott W. Pryor, and Ghasideh Pourhashem. "Cost and Environmental Benefits of Using Pelleted Corn Stover for Bioethanol Production." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092528.
Full textAbstract:
While the production costs and logistical benefits of biomass pelleting have been widely discussed in the literature, the downstream economic and environmental benefits of processing pelleted biomass have been largely neglected. To investigate those benefits, we performed a comparative techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of producing ethanol using loose and pelleted forms of biomass. Analyses of a 2000 metric tons (dry)/d biorefinery showed that using pelleted biomass is more economical than using loose or baled biomass. The lowest minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) for pelleted biomass was USD 0.58/gal less than the lowest MESP for loose biomass. Among all processing conditions analyzed, MESP for ethanol produced with pelleted biomass was always lower than when produced with loose biomass. Shorter pretreatment and hydrolysis times, higher pretreatment solids loadings, lower ammonia requirements, and reduced enzyme loadings were the primary factors contributing to lower MESP with pelleted biomass. Similarly, pelleted biomass also demonstrated a 50% lower life cycle greenhouse gas emission compared to loose biomass. Emissions from higher pelleting energy were offset by downstream advantage in lower chemical needs.
8
NAKAJIMA, Kazumasa, Kiyotaka MASAKI, Yasuo OCHI, and Takashi MATSUMURA. "3317 High cycle fatigue property of SUS316L with loose circular notch." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.1 (2006): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.1.0_463.
Full text
9
NAKAJIMA, Kazumasa, Kiyotaka MASAKI, Yasuo OCHI, and Takashi MATSUMURA. "10102 High cycle fatigue property of SUS316NG with loose circular notch." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2005.11 (2005): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2005.11.185.
Full text
10
GYÁRFÁS, ANDRÁS, and GÁBOR N. SÁRKÖZY. "The 3-Colour Ramsey Number of a 3-Uniform Berge Cycle." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 20, no. 1 (July 2, 2010): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548310000209.
Full textAbstract:
The asymptotics of 2-colour Ramsey numbers of loose and tight cycles in 3-uniform hypergraphs were recently determined [16, 17]. We address the same problem for Berge cycles and for 3 colours. Our main result is that the 3-colour Ramsey number of a 3-uniform Berge cycle of length n is asymptotic to $\frac{5n}{4}$. The result is proved with the Regularity Lemma via the existence of a monochromatic connected matching covering asymptotically 4n/5 vertices in the multicoloured 2-shadow graph induced by the colouring of Kn(3).
11
Lian, Chenglong, Kwang-Hee Lee, Seung-Bok Choi, and Chul-Hee Lee. "A study of the magnetic fatigue properties of a magnetorheological elastomer." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 5 (September 12, 2018): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18799495.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the magnetic fatigue properties of a magnetorheological elastomer were evaluated with and without a magnetic field. To accomplish the process, a magnetic fatigue tester and magnetorheological elastomer samples were designed and fabricated. The mechanical properties of the magnetorheological elastomer were determined under various fatigue cycle numbers and fatigue frequencies with and without a magnetic field. The shear modulus of the magnetorheological elastomer was also measured before and after the test to evaluate its mechanical properties. The results show that the shear modulus of the magnetorheological elastomer was larger in the presence of a magnetic field and decreased as the number of fatigue cycles increased because the internal structure became loose. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the internal structure of the magnetorheological elastomer was loose under repeated application of magnetic fields.
12
Sawa, A., and M. Bogucki. "Effect of housing system and milk yield on cow fertility." Archives Animal Breeding 54, no. 3 (October 10, 2011): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-54-249-2011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The effect of housing system (tethered vs. loose) and milk yield of 10 358 cows on their fertility was analysed in 1 721 farms from the Pomerania and Kujawy regions of Poland. The GLM, FREQ and CORR procedures of the SAS package were used for statistical calculations. The housing system significantly affected cow fertility, which also depended, both in the first reproductive cycle and over the cows‘ lifetime, on milk production level after the first calving. A stronger relationship (unfavourable for breeders) between milk production and fertility was found for tethered cows compared to their loose-housed contemporaries. Regardless of the milk production level of first calvers, loose-housed cows showed better fertility.
13
Dementieva, Natalia, Tatyana Boitsova, Elena Fedoseeva, and Polina Krugovaya. "Influence of the Technological Cycle «Fixing» on the Quality Characteristics of Pollock Fillets (Theragra Chalcogramma)." Food Industry 5, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2500-1922-2020-5-3-11.
Full textAbstract:
Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) remains one of the main fishing objects in the far Eastern region. The most popular product on both the domestic and international markets is fillet, when it is frozen it can be used to produce a wide range of finished products. The main technology for obtaining iced fillet consists of its production in a fixed or loose form. A man conducts the operation «fixed fillet» immediately after filleting fresh fish by irrigation or immersion in a cold 10 % solution of table salt. The research purpose was to determine changes in the quality characteristics of fixed and unfixed Pollock fillets during cold storage. The research object was refrigerated fixed and unfixed fillet of Pollock stored at a temperature below minus 18 degrees for up to 26 weeks. During storage the authors run organoleptic assessment on refrigerated, defrosted fillets after the cooking test. The results are the following: after 6 weeks of storage the organoleptic quality indicators are quite stable for all types of fillets; after 14 weeks there is a 40 % decrease in the overall score for the fixed fillet; moreover, there are the main changes in the samples after cooking for the most significant organoleptic indicators: color, taste, smell, consistency. After 14 weeks of storage the quality indicators of loose fillets remained almost unchanged. By the 14th week of storage the freshness value coefficient of the fixed fillet increases almost 3 times (from 14.8 to 40.0), i.e. a man can consume the fish only after mandatory cooking. The study identified that the operation of fixing fillet preserved the fillet block integrity, giving greater mechanical strength to the fillets, reducing the tissue juice loss, but it is inferior in organoleptic parameters to the loose fillet during storage reducing its shelf life. According to the experiment results, the researchers recommend a storage period for fixed frozen fillet of Pollock – up to 5 months, for loose fillet – up to 7 months without considering packaging materials.
14
Debortoli, Davide, Junior Maih, and Ricardo Nunes. "LOOSE COMMITMENT IN MEDIUM-SCALE MACROECONOMIC MODELS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 18, no. 1 (August 30, 2012): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000326.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a method and a toolkit for solving optimal policy with imperfect commitment. As opposed to the existing literature, our method can be employed in the medium- and large-scale models typically used in monetary policy. We apply our method to the Smets and Wouters model [American Economic Review97(3), 586–606 (2007)], for which we show that imperfect commitment has relevant implications for interest rate setting, the sources of business cycle fluctuations, and welfare.
15
Oursler, Roy, and Andrzej Czygrinow. "Tight Minimum Degree Condition for the Existence of Loose Cycle Tilings in 3-Graphs." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 33, no. 4 (January 2019): 1912–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/17m1153662.
Full text
16
Alrayyes, Abdalrahman U., Ze-Xian Low, Huanting Wang, and Kei Saito. "Multi-cycle reversible control of gas permeability in thin film composite membranes via efficient UV-induced reactions." Chemical Communications 57, no. 27 (2021): 3391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc08238d.
Full textAbstract:
This communication reports the use of light to reversibly constrict or ease the flow of oxygen through a very thin polymer coating. This is achievable by reversibly changing the polymer structure from a dense and rigid film to a loose and soft film.
17
Ali Husien, Wesam, Waleed Khalid Abduljabbar, and Saba Noori Attallh. "Cycle Time Reduction in Automotive Manufacturing." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI6 (December 25, 2018): 1086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.1086.1090.
Full textAbstract:
Today, there are a lot of problems occur in the Automotive Component Manufacturer Company. Amongst them, work not standardized on each process is the most serious one. Standardization work can help reduce the amount of time to complete the task without defects by efficiently guiding the operators. Other related problems include machines fail to clamp semi-finished products to the next station, stopper loose, and rework process which cause the car carpet size to miss the standards. All these common problems increased the cycle time of the car carpet assembly line. So, this study was aimed to investigate how to reduce cycle time of the car carpet assembly line in the Automotive Component Manufacturer Company which located at Port Klang area. Data was collected through interview and observation. To reduce the cycle time of the car carpet assembly line, Kaizen activity and line balancing are implemented. Kaizen is the continuous improvement process. Line balancing is used to manage the workloads among assemblers, to determine number of workstation and to reduce production cost of the company. The derived results show that the cycle time of the car carpet assembly line is reduced from 313 seconds to 131 seconds. This proves that kaizen activities and line balancing do improve the productivity up to 58%. However, to achieve more successful and effective improvement, further work standardization on each process is needed.
18
KRIVELEVICH, MICHAEL, MATTHEW KWAN, and BENNY SUDAKOV. "Cycles and Matchings in Randomly Perturbed Digraphs and Hypergraphs." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 25, no. 6 (March 14, 2016): 909–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548316000079.
Full textAbstract:
We give several results showing that different discrete structures typically gain certain spanning substructures (in particular, Hamilton cycles) after a modest random perturbation. First, we prove that adding linearly many random edges to a densek-uniform hypergraph ensures the (asymptotically almost sure) existence of a perfect matching or a loose Hamilton cycle. The proof involves an interesting application of Szemerédi's Regularity Lemma, which might be independently useful. We next prove that digraphs with certain strong expansion properties are pancyclic, and use this to show that adding a linear number of random edges typically makes a dense digraph pancyclic. Finally, we prove that perturbing a certain (minimum-degree-dependent) number of random edges in a tournament typically ensures the existence of multiple edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. All our results are tight.
19
Sabir, Samina, and Khushbakht Zahid. "Macroeconomic Policies and Business Cycle: The Role of Institutions in Selected SAARC Countries." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 4II (December 1, 2012): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i4iipp.147-160.
Full textAbstract:
Fiscal and monetary policies are used to smooth the cyclical fluctuations in output. There is ample evidence that developed countries use counter cyclical policies in principle for this purpose [Gali and Perotti (2002); Sack and Wieland (2007)]. Indeed, OECD and other developed countries use loose monetary and fiscal policies to tackle with financial crisis of 2007 [IMF (2008)]. However situation is reverse in developing countries, they are using the pro-cyclical policies to stabilise business cycle fluctuations that results in higher output volatility [Hausmann and Stein (1996); and Kaminsky, Reinhart, and Vegh (2004)]. Theoretically, there are several factors such as limited excess to credit, poor governance and institutions1 that are responsible for conduct of pro-cyclical policies in developing countries, of which institutional framework is important. A poor institution is a key factor that is responsible for the conduct of pro-cyclical policies in emerging market economies. Countries, where institutions are strong, conduct contractionary policies in boom and expansionary policies in recession while countries with poor level of institutions contract the policies in recession and expand in boom [Acemoglu, Johnson, Robinson, and Thaicharoen (2003); Calderon and Schmidt-Hebbel (2008)]. Countries with weak institutions show the strong negative relation between output and interest rate while countries with strong institutions have positive link between output and interest rate [Duncan (2012)]. That’s why developing countries are pursuing tight monetary policy in recession and loose policy in boom, although little empirical literature is available on this issue [Lane (2003)]. Fiscal policies are pro-cyclical in the countries, where political system is subject to multiple fiscal veto points that results in higher output fluctuation [Stein, et al. (1999); Braun (2001)]. Indeed, rent-seeking government conducts pro-cyclical policies.
20
Ukita, M., and P. Prasertsan. "Present state of food and feed cycle and accompanying issues around Japan." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0405.
Full textAbstract:
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles of food and feed, and the regulation systems for industrial wastewater are studied. The rate of domestic supply of food in Japan is 41% in 1970, 32% in 1990, and 29% in 1998 for N and 33%, 29%, and 28% for P, excluding grass feed. Among 3 countries, Japan, USA and Thailand, Japan is in the most difficult state to recycle food wastes to farmland. Comparing the estimated load of wastewater from food processing industries with the estimated load according to the budget study for N and P cycles, the tentative criteria of wastewater of food processing for P seem to be loose, and de-nitrification might be considered in every stage of N cycles. New regulation of industrial wastewater recently proposed in Japan may induce the chance for environmental business to remove N and P.
21
Kim, Sun Wook. "An Investigation of a Cyclic Pattern in Mark 4:35–8:21 and Its Theological Significance." Biblical Theology Bulletin: Journal of Bible and Culture 47, no. 4 (October 18, 2017): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146107917731834.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the narrative structure of Mark 4:35–8:21 based on geographical arrangement, literary parallelism, and boat and bread motifs, identifying two cycles (4:35–6:44 and 6:45–8:10) and a conclusion (8:11–21), and presents theological implications of its cyclic structure. The structure of Mark 4–8 seems to be loose in its arrangement of episodes and geographical descriptions. These problems, however, are caused not by Mark's arbitrary collection of sources but by his literary techniques and theological purposes. My proposed structure is based on geographical distinctions; it focuses mainly on tracing Jesus’ geographical movement composed by Mark's literary technique and motifs. In the former cycle, Jesus’ ministry was mostly for the Jews; in the latter cycle, for the Gentiles. A conclusion manifests Jesus as the mighty Savior of God's people. In a Christological view, Jesus’ missional (geographical) movement between west (Jewish territory) and east (Gentile territory) demonstrates his identity as the deliverer, healer, and feeder of both the Jews and the Gentles, regardless of their ethnicity.
22
Yao, Meng, Qing Wang, Bing Ma, Yaowu Liu, Qingbo Yu, and Yan Han. "Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycle on Shear Strength of Lime-Solidified Dispersion Soils." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091457.
Full textAbstract:
The freeze-thaw cycle of saline soil in the seasonal frozen area will produce diseases such as frost heave and thaw settlement, road frost boiling, collapse and uneven settlement. In order to reduce the occurrence of these undesirable phenomena, it is often necessary to improve the saline soil in engineering. In this paper, the typical carbonate saline soil in the west of Jilin Province, China is taken as the research object. By adding different content of lime (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%), the change of mechanical strength of lime solidified saline soil under different freeze-thaw cycles (0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 30, 60 times) is studied. The mechanical analysis is carried out by combining particle size analysis test and SEM image. The test results show that although repeated freeze-thaw cycles make the soil structure loose and the mechanical strength greatly reduced, the soil particles agglomerate obviously after adding lime, its dispersion is restrained by the flocculation of clay colloid, and the shear strength of soil is improved by the increase of the cohesive force between clay particles, and the optimal lime mixing ratio of the saline soil in this area is 9%.
23
Cancelo, Jose Ramon. "Cyclical synchronization in the EMU along the financial crisis: An interpretation of the conflicting signals." European Journal of Government and Economics 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2012.1.1.4278.
Full textAbstract:
We analyze how cyclical synchronization in the EMU evolved since the onset of the current financial crisis. The standard measures of cyclical correlation suggest that while the cycle of the euro area became more aligned with the cycles of other developed economies, the EMU itself apparently entered into a phase of cyclical divergence. We show that as a matter of fact the bulk of the member states remained closely aligned, and the seeming decline in synchronization is due to a few countries decoupling from the euro area. Next we present empirical evidence that the foundations that explain the evolution of the national cycles against the EMU aggregate through the crisis were already latent in 2007. Greece and Ireland deviate from the general pattern, the former because of its loose fiscal policy all along the period 2000-2007, and the latter due to the flexibility of its labor market.
24
Boukhorb, Hajar, Lahcen Bahi, Latifa Ouadif, Houssine Ejjaaouani, and Abdeloihad Gourri. "Treatment and reinforcement of the loose sands of the city of Kenitra." E3S Web of Conferences 150 (2020): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015003007.
Full textAbstract:
The Kenitra city belongs to the Rharb-Mamora domain, which is affected by a continuous subsidence from the Middle Vindobonien to the present day. The sedimentary cycle of the tertiary era ends at the Pliocene, characterized by regressive character deposits identified in outcrop at the margins of the basin: They are conglomerates in the North, yellow sands in the East, sands and sandstone in the South-East. These sandy deposits vary from more or less clayey sand to greying sand, with the appearance of a very loose sand layer, at varying depths. It is with this directive that the objective of this article is to define the risks, which may affect the works built on this soil, and also determine the actions to be taken to control these risks. As a first step, an experimental approach was carried out, including in situ and laboratory tests in order to identify these formations and define their mechanical behavior. Then, the results of geotechnical survey were analyzed and exploited in calculations of bearing capacity, settlement, liquefaction,… eventually resulting in the necessity of treatment and reinforcement of this soil. These approaches have shown that there are several soil reinforcement techniques, the choice of which depends on the granulometry of soil and the cost of project.
25
Zhang, Jingtao, Hoyoung Seo, Sihyun Kim, Junyoung Ko, and Seunghee Kim. "Experimental study of pipe-pile-based micro-scale compressed air energy storage (PPMS-CAES) for a building." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020507012.
Full textAbstract:
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology has been re-emerging as one of the promising options to address the challenge coming from the intermittency of renewable energy resources. Unlike the large-scale CAES, which is limited by the geologic location, small-and micro-scale CAES that uses a human-made pressure vessel is adaptable for both grid-connected and standalone distributed units equipped with the energy generation capacity. The research team recently suggested a new concept of pipe-pile-based micro-scale CAES (PPMS-CAES) that uses pipe-pile foundations of a building as compressed air storage vessels. To ascertain the mechanical feasibility of the new concept, we conducted lab-scale pile loading tests with a model test pile in both a loose and dense soil chamber that emulates an actual closed-ended pipe pile. The test pile was subjected to a repeated cycle of compressed air charge (to Pmax=10 MPa) and discharge (to Pmin=0.1 MPa) during the experimental study. The displacement at the top of the test pile, with and without a structural loading, in loose and dense sand, was closely monitored during the repetitive air pressurization-and-depressurization. It was observed that the vertical displacement at the pile head under different conditions was accumulated during the extended cycle of air charge and discharge, but the rate of displacement gradually attenuates during the cycle. And, the presence of structural load and density of soil affected the magnitude of the accumulated vertical displacement. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the concept of PPMS-CAES is not likely to compromise the mechanical integrity of pipe piles while showing a promising capacity for energy storage.
26
Yang, Shang Lei, Qin Lin Lin, Chao Xu, and Jia Hui Pan. "Investigation on Fatigue Damage and Fracture of Al-5Zn-2Mg High Strength Aluminum Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1030.
Full textAbstract:
The tensile properties and fatigue properties were tested, and the fatigue fracture and damage behaviore of Al-5Zn-2Mg high strength aluminum alloy was investigated by means of optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the grain of the Al-5Zn-2Mg high strength aluminum alloy is elongated after rolling deformation. The tensile strength of the Al-5Zn-2Mg aluminum alloy is 470MPa. The fatigue life is 6.4×104 cycle in R=0.1, f=99Hz, and σmax=210MPa. The average rate is 0.08μm per cycle from micro crack formed to 8mm of fatigue crack length. The fatigue crack forms in the surface. There are the fatigue striations in the fatigue crack propagation area. The crack velocity is about 2μm per cycle in propagation area. The damaged microstructure with the fatigue loading is loose, that indicates the micro cracks progressively emerge.
27
Huang, Xiaofeng, and Teik-Thye Lim. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A NATURAL HOLLOW HYDROPHOBIC-OLEOPHILIC FIBER FOR ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN NAPL SPILL CLEANUP1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-815.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) spills on water and land are of major environmental concern. One of the most economical and efficient means for the removal of the spilled NAPL is to use hydrophobic-oleophilic sorbents. Natural, agricultural products have potential to be a substitute for commercial synthetic absorbents in NAPL pickup and recovery. One of these natural agro-products that have excellent oil sorption capacities is Kapok (Ceiba pentandra), a cellulosic silky-cotton fiber. This paper presents the sorption capacities of Kapok, the reusability of Kapok and its hydrophobicity-oleophilicity for various NAPLs. Both loose and packed Kapok assemblies were examined. The NAPLs investigated were tetrachloroethylene (PCE), diesel and HD-30 engine oil (HD-30). The NAPL sorption capacities of packed Kapok assemblies were found to be 75, 55 and 45 g/g for PCE, HD-30 and diesel, respectively. Two-thirds of the sorption capacities of virgin packed Kapok assemblies could be retained even at the 8th reuse cycle. Oil sorption capacities of the loose Kapok assembly reached 115 and 45 g/g for HD-30 and diesel, respectively, on dynamic water surface. No thin oil film on water surface was observed after NAPL sorption, when initial oil added in water was less than 30 g/500 mL and 1 g loose Kapok assembly was used.
28
Juneja, A., and A. K. Mohammed-Aslam. "Application of a Cyclic Degradation Model for Pore Pressure Accumulation in Loose Sands and Silts Subjected to Dynamic Loading." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 12, no. 05 (December 2018): 1850014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431118500148.
Full textAbstract:
Most cyclic soil models which are used to estimate strain and pore pressure accumulations, are soil specific and, often evaluate the accumulation model either as a function of the number of load cycles or they tend to utilize parameters which can only be obtained by using detailed laboratory tests. This paper attempts to enhance the capabilities of a simple plasticity model which can approximate the trend of pore pressure accumulation. This function uses a stress dependent degradation parameter which allows the yield loci to adjust and reduce its size at the end of each load cycle. The cyclic degradation model which was originally developed for clays, was adapted for sands and silts in this work with the use of two new parameters. The model was tested by using the cyclic triaxial data of three non-plastic soils. These samples were subjected to cyclic load amplitudes which are normally used in most seismic studies. The modified degradation model could predict fairly well the pore pressure accumulation in high-load amplitude tests but lead to over-prediction in low-load amplitude tests, unless the function was allowed to taper off at large cycles. Notwithstanding the above, the above cyclic model using the degraded yield surface, was incapable of correctly predicting the stress paths which were close to the sample’s ultimate state as it failed to permit phase transformation which is generally observed in sands and silts.
29
Paul, Felix, Tommy Mielke, Carina Schwarz, Jörg Schröder, Tokoloho Rampai, Sebastian Skatulla, Riesna R. Audh, Ehlke Hepworth, Marcello Vichi, and Doru C. Lupascu. "Frazil Ice in the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060647.
Full textAbstract:
Frazil ice, consisting of loose disc-shaped ice crystals, is the first ice that forms in the annual cycle in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Antarctic. A sufficient number of frazil ice crystals form the surface “grease ice” layer, playing a fundamental role in the freezing processes in the MIZ. As soon as the ocean waves are sufficiently damped by a frazil ice cover, a closed ice cover can form. In this article, we investigate the rheological properties of frazil ice, which has a crucial influence on the growth of sea ice in the MIZ. An in situ test setup for measuring temperature and rheological properties was developed. Frazil ice shows shear thinning flow behavior. The presented measurements enable real-data-founded modelling of the annual ice cycle in the MIZ.
30
Galli, Andrea, Iman Farshchi, and Marco Caruso. "Influence of loading path on cyclic mechanical response of small-scale shallow strip footing on loose sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 9 (September 2015): 1228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0253.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims at experimentally exploring the behaviour of a small-scale 1g shallow strip footing on loose dry sand, subjected to vertical and horizontal cyclic loads. An experimental apparatus has been developed and calibrated, and some series of monotonic and cyclic tests with different combinations of load direction and cycle amplitudes have been carried out. Results are presented and discussed in terms of evolution of foundation global stiffness, damping properties, and settlement accumulation along both vertical and horizontal directions with increase in the load cycle’s number. The coupling effect between vertical and horizontal loads is highlighted, underlying its important role even at a low number of cycles, when, in the design practice, the behaviour of the system is often considered to be linear elastic and path independent. The observation also allowed the inference that a variation of the inclination of the cyclic loads may induce significant differences (up to one order of magnitude) in the global stiffness and damping properties. Far from having exhaustively investigated the subject and from the aim of proposing a new empirical quantitative relationship to be directly employed in the design practice, this paper was primarily focused on highlighting some aspects of the mechanical behaviour of the system that are still rather unknown. A further in-depth study allowed the analysis of experimental results within the framework of a meaningful physical interpretation, showing the results to be particularly useful in the perspective of a displacement-based design approach, as required by the current design standards.
31
Chia, Chew Ping, Zulkarnain Zainal, Yusran Sulaiman, and Sook Keng Chang. "Effect of Duty Cycle on Pulse Electrodeposited Tin Seleno Telluride Semiconductor Thin Film." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.643.
Full textAbstract:
Tin seleno telluride thin film was deposited by pulse electrodeposition onto fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass from aqueous solution containing Sn-EDTA, Na2SeO3 and TeO2. The sample was deposited at a potential of-0.40 V vs Ag/AgCl with various duty cycle between 10% to 90% followed by annealing under nitrogen gas at 250°C for 30 minutes. The crystalline structure, morphology and photoresponse of the thin film was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and linear sweep photovoltammetry techniques. The XRD pattern shows polycrystalline cubic structure of SnSe0.4Te0.6 for film deposited at 50% duty cycle. The domain peak at 2θ=28.82o shows a high intensity and a better photoresponse due to the small crystalline size. The tin seleno telluride thin film reflects the loose short rod type aggregates at 10%-50% duty cycle and dendritic structure was formed at deposition of 75% and above. The deposited tin seleno telluride is a p-type semicoductor and the band gap was found to be 1.60 eV with direct transition.
32
Jamieson, L. E., J. J. Dymock, T. E. Dawson, K. J. Froud, D. S. Seldon, D. M. Suckling, and A. R. Gibb. "Guava moth in New Zealand distribution hosts life cycle observations and discussion of pesticide management options." New Zealand Plant Protection 57 (August 1, 2004): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2004.57.6934.
Full textAbstract:
Guava moth was first observed in New Zealand in 1997 Little is known of this species in its native Australia where it is not considered a pest In New Zealand guava moths laid their eggs at the stem and style end and in cracks and crevices on fruit and the resulting larvae fed internally on fruits Pupation occurred in loose soil and debris in the orchard and in sawdust beneath fruits in the laboratory In July 2003 guava moth distribution as determined by pheromone trap catches was limited to Northland where adult males were found north of and including Whangarei Heads No moths were trapped in Auckland Waikato or Bay of Plenty Larvae were collected from a range of introduced fruits in Northland during all months of the year However no larvae were found in samples of nearly ripe native berries Control options for guava moth are discussed
33
Zhurov, Yuriy, Klaudiusz R. Weiss, and Vladimir Brezina. "Tight or Loose Coupling Between Components of the Feeding Neuromusculature of Aplysia?" Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 1 (July 2005): 531–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01338.2004.
Full textAbstract:
Like other complex behaviors, the cyclical, rhythmic consummatory feeding behaviors of Aplysia—biting, swallowing, and rejection of unsuitable food—are produced by a complex neuromuscular system: the animal's buccal mass, with numerous pairs of antagonistic muscles, controlled by the firing of numerous motor neurons, all driven by the motor programs of a central pattern generator (CPG) in the buccal ganglia. In such a complex neuromuscular system, it has always been assumed that the activities of the various components must necessarily be tightly coupled and coordinated if successful functional behavior is to be produced. However, we have recently found that the CPG generates extremely variable motor programs from one cycle to the next, and so very variable motor neuron firing patterns and contractions of individual muscles. Here we show that this variability extends even to higher-level parameters of the operation of the neuromuscular system such as the coordination between entire antagonistic subsystems within the buccal neuromusculature. In motor programs elicited by stimulation of the esophageal nerve, we have studied the relationship between the contractions of the accessory radula closer (ARC) muscle, and the firing patterns of its motor neurons B15 and B16, with those of its antagonist, the radula opener (I7) muscle, and its motor neuron B48. There are two separate B15/B16-ARC subsystems, one on each side of the animal, and these are indeed very tightly coupled. Tight coupling can, therefore, be achieved in this neuromuscular system where required. Yet there is essentially no coupling at all between the contractions of the ARC muscles and those of the antagonistic radula opener muscle. We interpret this result in terms of a hypothesis that ascribes a higher-order benefit to such loose coupling in the neuromusculature. The variability, emerging in the successive feeding movements made by the animal, diversifies the range of movements and thereby implements a trial-and-error search through the space of movements that might be successful, an optimal strategy for the animal in an unknown, rapidly changing feeding environment.
34
Tsipurskiy, Ilya. "Simulation curves of scooping and digging grab." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604027.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with a brief description of the purpose and scope of the exchangeable working equipment on cranes and excavators. It is shown that two-leaf rope grab during the cycle can scoop loose material or excavate the ground with digging. In the latter case, the edge of the leaf is equipped with teeth and the specific mass of the bucket per cubic meter of its capacity should be much heavier than with scooping.. An apparent discrepancy between the curve needed for obtaining the greatest grabbing of loose material or ground, i.e., a geometric curve that does not take into account the operational factors of the process, and its actual curve is revealed. In the case of working on the ground, it is called the trajectory of digging. The introduction of the concept of “simulation curve” is an innovative moment in the work. It means the trajectory that adequately adapts the actual geometry of the scooping trajectory or the digging one. The method of geometric construction of the scooping trajectory and the digging one without operational factors is provided.. The method of constructing adequate simulation curves and calculating the volume of portions of material when scooping or digging is outlined.
35
Jayaraman, Krishnan, and Rex Halliwell. "Blending of Natural Fibres and Thermoplastics by Screwless Extrusion." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1141.
Full textAbstract:
Natural fibres, such as sisal, flax and woodfibres, are relatively inexpensive and originate from renewable resources. Thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and waste plastics, possess shorter manufacturing cycle times and reprocessability. Natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composite materials exhibit favourable values of modulus and strength when the fibres are properly compounded with the polymers. Common methods for manufacturing natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites, injection moulding and extrusion, require pre-compounding of the fibres and the thermoplastic due to the large difference in densities of the loose fibres and thermoplastic materials. Development and analysis of a screwless extruder that employs a reliable and low technology process for melt blending natural fibres and thermoplastic polymers is the main objective of this study.
36
Jiang, Zhi Ming, Cheng Jun Wang, and Tao He. "Design and Performance Analysis of Yielding Anchor Bolt with Large Deformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.21.
Full textAbstract:
According to the principle of the spring constant support device, a kind of large deformation yielding anchor bolt with three elongation properties has been designed. This paper analyzes the performance of the dynamically-pressured soft rock roadway surrounding rock and support mechanism of yielding anchor, carries out the force analysis of the anchor head, derives equation of the knife-type cam and uses Matlab programming to solve the knife -shaped cam contour curve. In the condition of keeping certain anchoring force, the anchor head can produce large displacement along the anchor body in order to decrease the pressure. And after the pressure of surrounding rock relief, the anchor head can move back to add pressure to form a “Loose - support”cycle of flexible supporting.
37
Cui, Jianfeng, Weijun Wang, Chao Yuan, Liming Cao, Yuning Guo, and Lei Fan. "Study on Deformation Mechanism and Supporting Countermeasures of Compound Roofs in Loose and Weak Coal Roadways." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (November 12, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8827490.
Full textAbstract:
This paper considers the 333 return airway of the Gaokeng Coal Mine to analyze the deformation characteristics and failure mechanism of the surrounding rock of the composite roof for a loose and weak coal roadway. The reasons for the large deformation are explored and the superiority of the prestressed truss and anchor rope is compared to ordinary anchor cables from the perspective of mechanics to propose a targeted coal roadway support method. Sinking of the composite roof in the coal roadway is accompanied with a release and transfer of the surrounding rock stress. The pressure of the composite roof transfers to the roadway sides and intensifies the fracture process of the coal body. As a result, the ability to support the composite roof is weakened, and it further bends and sinks to form a vicious cycle that repeats itself. Therefore, the support of the composite roof in the coal roadway should consider the roof, roadway sides, and floor as a single unit to achieve the support goal of reinforcing the roadway sides and roof. Based on the above analysis, a comprehensive control technology with a truss and anchor rope is proposed as the main body and a bolt + anchor cable + metal network as the auxiliary. This technology can improve the integral bearing capacity of the composite roof, strengthen the roadway side structures, and reinforce the roadway sides and roof. Numerical simulation and field application results show that the support scheme can effectively realize safe control of the composite roof in coal roadways.
38
Iwakiri, Tomoki, and Masahiro Watanabe. "Mechanisms Reducing ENSO Amplitude and Asymmetry via an Enhanced Seasonal Cycle in the Mid-Holocene." Journal of Climate 32, no. 23 (November 4, 2019): 8069–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0110.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Paleo proxy records have suggested that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability during the mid-Holocene [8200 to 4200 years ago (8.2–4.2 ka)] was weaker than during the instrumental periods, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We examined processes of ENSO suppression using a coupled general circulation model (CGCM) that simulates ENSO amplitude and skewness under the present climate reasonably well. Two long simulations were performed: one using the preindustrial condition (CTRL) and the other using the 8-ka insolation having a greater seasonal cycle (MH8K). Consistent with proxy records and previous modeling studies, the ENSO amplitude weakened by 20% in MH8K compared to CTRL, mainly because of reduced thermocline feedback during the mature and decay phases. The weak thermocline feedback, likely a result of the loose equatorial thermocline in the mid-Holocene, suppresses the occurrence of extreme El Niño events and consequently explains the reduction in both ENSO amplitude and asymmetry. In MH8K, strengthened trade winds over the western-central Pacific Ocean act to cool the surface via evaporation while warmer water in the southern subtropical Pacific is transported beneath the equatorial thermocline, both contributing to diffuse the thermocline. Multimodel simulations for the mid-Holocene showed mean state changes and ENSO weakening similar to MH8K, but most models did not show reduced ENSO skewness, probably because of the failure in reproducing extreme El Niño events under the present climate.
39
Woodard, M. A., B. C. Bearce, and E. C. Townsend. "ALTERNATIVES TO ROCKWOOL; COAL BOTTOM ASH AND PINE WOOD PEELINGS IN NUTRICULTURE." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 482g—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.482g.
Full textAbstract:
A recycling nutriculture system was redesigned to improve growth and flowering of Tagetes erecta L., cv., Inca Yellow in four media; loose rockwool (RW), coal bottom ash (CBA), pinewood peelings (PWP) and CBA:PWP (1:1, v/v). Three nutricycle frequencies of 12, 6 and 4 per 12 hour light period were set with a nutricycle duration of 5 minutes. Volume, height and fresh and dry weights of marigolds in CBA, PWP and CBA: PWP were comparable to that of marigolds in RW. Flower diameters of plants in CBA, PWP and CBA:PWP were increased and days to harvest decreased compared to plants in RW. Plants in CBA: PWP increased in fresh weight compared to CBA or PWP plants. No interaction occurred between media and nutricycle frequency at 12 or 4 cycles per 12 hours; however a malfunctioning timer caused prolonged flooding of plant root zones at the 6 cycle setting. This resulted in decreased plant volume and fresh and dry weights at this frequency. These results show that growth and flowering of marigolds in CBA and PWP comparable with that in RW can be achieved with more than 1 nutricycle frequency.
40
Szöllösi, M. S., P. Adenot, and D. Szöllösi. "Centrosomes with striated rootlets in rabbit zygotes." Zygote 4, no. 3 (August 1996): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400003087.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryAn electron microscopic study of the rabbit zygote has shown the presence of numerous paracrystalline structures (PSs) around the pronuclei. The majority of these structures are situated in the narrow space between pronuclei. The PSs during interphase are associated with small dense knobs, and filamentous material;some of them, namely those situated in the internuclear space, are also associated with striated rootlets. The PS and its appendages form a complex which nucleates microtubules during interphase and phase M. The structure of these complexes changes with the cell cycle. Striated rootlets disappear at G2/M. Dense Knobs and filamentous material separate from the PS, become loose and associate with numerous microtubules at the poles of the first mitotic spindle. PSs and their associated structures are considered to be a newly discovered morphological form of the centrosome.
41
Kellner, Rupert L. L. "When Do Paederus riparius Rove Beetles (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae) Biosynthesize Their Unique Hemolymph Toxin Pederin?" Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 53, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1998): 1081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-11-1222.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Pederin analyses of single Paederus riparius specimens reared from the egg and kept for prolonged periods of time show that only the females are able to biosynthesize the substance. Preimaginal stages efficiently store pederin transferred by the females into their eggs and the males’ pederin content decreases slowly over time. Only males with access to eggs con taining the substance moderately increase their pederin load. The females begin to accumu late the toxin a few weeks after imaginal eclosion and build up reserves for the egg laying period within 60 days. This is discussed with regard to the life cycle of P. riparius. During reproduction, when the females loose pederin due to maternal transfer, they must replenish their pederin reserves. This biosynthesis is not reflected in the amount found per individual.
42
Mou, Junmin, Xuefei Jia, Pengfei Chen, and Linying Chen. "Research on Operation Safety of Offshore Wind Farms." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080881.
Full textAbstract:
The operation of offshore wind farms is characterized by a complicated operational environment, long project cycle, and complex vessel traffic, which lead to safety hazards. To identify the key factors affecting the operational safety of offshore wind farms, the risk characteristics of offshore wind farm operations are analyzed based on comprehensive identification of hazards and risk assessment theory. A systematic fault tree analysis of the offshore wind farm operation is established. The assessment shows that the key risk factors that induce offshore wind power collapse, corrosion, fire, lightning strikes, blade failure, personal injury, ship collision, and submarine cable damage accidents are gale, untimely overhauling, improper fire stopping methods, high average number of thunderstorm days, the loose internal structure of fan, working at height, collision avoidance failure, and insufficient buried depth of cables.
43
Cervenka, Igor, Jana Valnohova, Ondrej Bernatik, Jakub Harnos, Matej Radsetoulal, Katerina Sedova, Katerina Hanakova, et al. "Dishevelled is a NEK2 kinase substrate controlling dynamics of centrosomal linker proteins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 33 (August 2, 2016): 9304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608783113.
Full textAbstract:
Dishevelled (DVL) is a key scaffolding protein and a branching point in Wnt signaling pathways. Here, we present conclusive evidence that DVL regulates the centrosomal cycle. We demonstrate that DVL dishevelled and axin (DIX) domain, but not DIX domain-mediated multimerization, is essential for DVL’s centrosomal localization. DVL accumulates during the cell cycle and associates with NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2), which is able to phosphorylate DVL at a multitude of residues, as detected by a set of novel phospho-specific antibodies. This creates interfaces for efficient binding to CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2) and centrosomal Nek2-associated protein 1 (C-NAP1), two proteins of the centrosomal linker. Displacement of DVL from the centrosome and its release into the cytoplasm on NEK2 phosphorylation is coupled to the removal of linker proteins, an event necessary for centrosomal separation and proper formation of the mitotic spindle. Lack of DVL prevents NEK2-controlled dissolution of loose centrosomal linker and subsequent centrosomal separation. Increased DVL levels, in contrast, sequester centrosomal NEK2 and mimic monopolar spindle defects induced by a dominant negative version of this kinase. Our study thus uncovers molecular crosstalk between centrosome and Wnt signaling.
44
Renton, Michelle, and Hamish Simmonds. "Effectuation and Morphogenesis in the New Zealand Fairtrade Marketing System." Journal of Macromarketing 39, no. 4 (November 20, 2019): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146719882748.
Full textAbstract:
We address the influence of and constraints on actors, networks, structures and institutions within marketing systems. Using case study analysis we contribute to effectuation literature by discussing the loose coupling of Fairtrade ANZ to its market development partners. While creating certainty for producers by maintaining focus on its development aims, Fairtrade ANZ adopts an affordable loss approach to market development, arguably at the cost of communicating to its highly fragmented and contingent market place. Simmonds, Gazley, and Dallenbach’s (2018) morphogenetic cycle framework brings a theoretical and analytical lens to examining the Fairtrade marketing system by delayering the interconnections, interdependencies and interrelations existing within each layer. In untangling the embedded social, historical and institutional contexts within which Fairtrade ANZ exists we offer this paper as an initial exploration of effectuation, change and stability in a complex marketing system.
45
Köhler, P., H. Fischer, J. Schmitt, and G. Munhoven. "On the application and interpretation of Keeling plots in paleo climate research – deciphering δ<sup>13</sup>C of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> measured in ice cores." Biogeosciences 3, no. 4 (November 15, 2006): 539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-539-2006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Keeling plot analysis is an interpretation method widely used in terrestrial carbon cycle research to quantify exchange processes of carbon between terrestrial reservoirs and the atmosphere. Here, we analyse measured data sets and artificial time series of the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) and of δ13C of CO2 over industrial and glacial/interglacial time scales and investigate to what extent the Keeling plot methodology can be applied to longer time scales. The artificial time series are simulation results of the global carbon cycle box model BICYCLE. The signals recorded in ice cores caused by abrupt terrestrial carbon uptake or release loose information due to air mixing in the firn before bubble enclosure and limited sampling frequency. Carbon uptake by the ocean cannot longer be neglected for less abrupt changes as occurring during glacial cycles. We introduce an equation for the calculation of long-term changes in the isotopic signature of atmospheric CO2 caused by an injection of terrestrial carbon to the atmosphere, in which the ocean is introduced as third reservoir. This is a paleo extension of the two reservoir mass balance equations of the Keeling plot approach. It gives an explanation for the bias between the isotopic signature of the terrestrial release and the signature deduced with the Keeling plot approach for long-term processes, in which the oceanic reservoir cannot be neglected. These deduced isotopic signatures are similar (−8.6‰) for steady state analyses of long-term changes in the terrestrial and marine biosphere which both perturb the atmospheric carbon reservoir. They are more positive than the δ13C signals of the sources, e.g. the terrestrial carbon pools themselves (−25‰). A distinction of specific processes acting on the global carbon cycle from the Keeling plot approach is not straightforward. In general, processes related to biogenic fixation or release of carbon have lower y-intercepts in the Keeling plot than changes in physical processes, however in many case they are indistinguishable (e.g. ocean circulation from biogenic carbon fixation).
46
Köhler, P., J. Schmitt, and H. Fischer. "On the application and interpretation of Keeling plots in paleo climate research – deciphering δ<sup>13</sup>C of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> measured in ice cores." Biogeosciences Discussions 3, no. 3 (June 14, 2006): 513–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-3-513-2006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Keeling plot analysis is an interpretation method widely used in terrestrial carbon cycle research to quantify exchange processes of carbon between terrestrial reservoirs and the atmosphere. Here, we analyse measured data sets and artificial time series of the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) and of δ13C of CO2 over industrial and glacial/interglacial time scales and investigate to what extent the Keeling plot methodology can be applied to longer time scales. The artificial time series are simulation results of the global carbon cycle box model BICYCLE. Our analysis shows that features seen in pCO2 and δ13C during the industrial period can be interpreted with respect to the Keeling plot. However, only a maximum of approximately half of the signal can be explained by this method. The signals recorded in ice cores caused by abrupt terrestrial carbon uptake or release loose information due to air mixing in the firn before bubble enclosure and limited sampling frequency. For less abrupt changes as occurring during glacial cycles carbon uptake by the ocean cannot longer be neglected. We introduce an equation for the calculation of the effective isotopic signature of long-term changes in the carbon cycle, in which the ocean is introduced as third reservoir. This is a paleo extention of the two reservoir mass balance equations of the Keeling plot approach. Steady state analyses of changes in the terrestrial and marine biosphere lead to similar effective isotopic signatures (−8.6 per mil) of the carbon fluxes perturbing the atmosphere. These signatures are more positive than the δ13C signals of the sources, e.g. the terrestrial carbon pools themselves (~−25 per mil). In all other cases the effective isotopic signatures are larger (−8.2 per mil to −0.7 per mil), and very often indistinguishable in the light of the uncertainties. Therefore, a back calculation from well distinct fluctuations in pCO2 and δ13C to identify their origin using the Keeling plot approach seems not possible.
47
Tomoda, Kiichiro, Jun-ya Kato, Eiji Tatsumi, Takayuki Takahashi, Yoshinobu Matsuo, and Noriko Yoneda-Kato. "The Jab1/COP9 signalosome subcomplex is a downstream mediator of Bcr-Abl kinase activity and facilitates cell-cycle progression." Blood 105, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-04-1242.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractJab1 is a multifunctional protein associated with the signaling pathway, cell-cycle regulation, and development, and acts as a key subunit of COP9 signalosome (CSN). Jab1 promotes degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 by transportation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. However, there has been no clear evidence for whether and how Jab1 contributes to malignant transformation in human cancers. Here we show that Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase facilitates the down-regulation of p27 by modulating complex formation of Jab1/CSN through the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase signaling pathways. Nearly half of the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines and the murine hematopoietic precursor cells expressing Bcr-Abl exhibited a marked increase in the small loose Jab1 complex located in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of Bcr-Abl kinase by STI571 induced G1 arrest and caused a recovery of the p27 level with reduction of the small Jab1 complex from the cytoplasm. Either blockade of the MAP kinase and PI3 kinase pathways by specific inhibitors or Jab1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented p27 down-regulation as well as formation of the small complex. Thus, regulation of p27 via modulation of the Jab1 subcomplex is a novel mechanism whereby Bcr-Abl oncogenic signals accelerate abnormal cell proliferation.
48
Burtscher, Schicker, Freissmuth, and Sandtner. "Kinetic Models of Secondary Active Transporters." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 5365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215365.
Full textAbstract:
Kinetic models have been employed to understand the logic of substrate transport through transporters of the Solute Carrier (SLC) family. All SLC transporters operate according to the alternate access model, which posits that substrate transport occurs in a closed loop of partial reactions (i.e., a transport cycle). Kinetic models can help to find realistic estimates for conformational transitions between individual states of the transport cycle. When constrained by experimental results, kinetic models can faithfully describe the function of a candidate transporter at a pre-steady state. In addition, we show that kinetic models can accurately predict the intra- and extracellular substrate concentrations maintained by the transporter at a steady state, even under the premise of loose coupling between the electrochemical gradient of the driving ion and of the substrate. We define the criteria for the design of a credible kinetic model of the SLC transporter. Parsimony is the guiding principle of kinetic modeling. We argue, however, that the level of acceptable parsimony is limited by the need to account for the substrate gradient established by a secondary active transporter, and for random order binding of co-substrates and substrate. Random order binding has consistently been observed in transporters of the SLC group.
49
Tua, Camilla, Simone Nessi, Lucia Rigamonti, Giovanni Dolci, and Mario Grosso. "Packaging waste prevention in the distribution of fruit and vegetables: An assessment based on the life cycle perspective." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 4 (February 14, 2017): 400–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16688259.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, alternative food supply chains based on short distance production and delivery have been promoted as being more environmentally friendly than those applied by the traditional retailing system. An example is the supply of seasonal and possibly locally grown fruit and vegetables directly to customers inside a returnable crate (the so-called ‘box scheme’). In addition to other claimed environmental and economic advantages, the box scheme is often listed among the packaging waste prevention measures. To check whether such a claim is soundly based, a life cycle assessment was carried out to verify the real environmental effectiveness of the box scheme in comparison to the Italian traditional distribution. The study focused on two reference products, carrots and apples, which are available in the crate all year round. An experience of a box scheme carried out in Italy was compared with some traditional scenarios where the product is distributed loose or packaged at the large-scale retail trade. The packaging waste generation, 13 impact indicators on environment and human health and energy consumptions were calculated. Results show that the analysed experience of the box scheme, as currently managed, cannot be considered a packaging waste prevention measure when compared with the traditional distribution of fruit and vegetables. The weaknesses of the alternative system were identified and some recommendations were given to improve its environmental performance.
50
Tyulenev, Sergey. "Translation as a Factor of Social Teleonomy." TTR 24, no. 1 (December 11, 2012): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013253ar.
Full textAbstract:
This article considers translation as a factor in the genesis of social macro-formations—ethnoses and superethnoses. The research combines Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory, Lem Gumilev’s theory of ethnogenesis and the concept of teleonomy borrowed from evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr in order to demonstrate the ethnogenetic function of translation. An ethnos is a closed loose system; it has a life cycle which is teleonomic by nature. Ethnoses evolve by passing through different stages—from inception to consummation at the acmetic phase and finally into the post-acmetic succession of phases leading to disintegration. At each of these different stages, the social system requires inputs of varying intensity from the environment. Translation as a boundary phenomenon serves as a mechanism to ensure such inputs. From the standpoint of its social function, translation is theorized in a broader sense than usual—as mediation on intrapersonal, interpersonal, interethnic and intergenerational levels.