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Journal articles on the topic 'Los Angeles Basin'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Cline, Susan, and Brianna Garcia. "Brownfield Redevelopment in the Los Angeles Basin." disP - The Planning Review 36, no. 140 (2000): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2000.10556730.

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2

Denney, Dennis. "Los Angeles Basin: New Oil From Old Fields." Journal of Petroleum Technology 49, no. 09 (1997): 982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0997-0982-jpt.

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3

Harlan, Harold J. "Insects of the Los Angeles Basin. 2nd ed." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88, no. 4 (1995): 598–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/88.4.598.

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4

Dravinski, M., T. K. Mossessian, H. Eshraghi, and H. Kagami. "Predominant motion of the Los Angeles sedimentary basin." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 8, no. 4 (1991): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-7997(91)90015-l.

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5

Liu, Xin, Gregory C. Beroza, Lei Yang, and William L. Ellsworth. "Ambient noise Love wave attenuation tomography for the LASSIE array across the Los Angeles basin." Science Advances 7, no. 22 (2021): eabe1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe1030.

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The Los Angeles basin is located within the North America–Pacific plate boundary and contains multiple earthquake faults that threaten greater Los Angeles. Seismic attenuation tomography has the potential to provide important constraints on wave propagation in the basin and to provide supplementary information on structure in the form of the distribution of anelastic properties. On the basis of the amplitude information from seismic interferometry from the linear LASSIE array in the Los Angeles basin, we apply station-triplet attenuation tomography to obtain a 2D depth profile for the attenuation structure of the uppermost 0.6 km. The array crosses four Quaternary faults, three of which are blind. The attenuation tomography resolves strong attenuation (shear attenuation Qs ~ 20) for the fault zones and is consistent with sharp boundaries across them.
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6

Viatte, Camille, Thomas Lauvaux, Jacob K. Hedelius, et al. "Methane emissions from dairies in the Los Angeles Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 12 (2017): 7509–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7509-2017.

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Abstract. We estimate the amount of methane (CH4) emitted by the largest dairies in the southern California region by combining measurements from four mobile solar-viewing ground-based spectrometers (EM27/SUN), in situ isotopic 13∕12CH4 measurements from a CRDS analyzer (Picarro), and a high-resolution atmospheric transport simulation with a Weather Research and Forecasting model in large-eddy simulation mode (WRF-LES). The remote sensing spectrometers measure the total column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CH4 and CO2 (XCH4 and XCO2) in the near infrared region, providing information on total emissions of the dairies at Chino. Differences measured between the four EM27/SUN ranged from 0.2 to 22 ppb (part per billion) and from 0.7 to 3 ppm (part per million) for XCH4 and XCO2, respectively. To assess the fluxes of the dairies, these differential measurements are used in conjunction with the local atmospheric dynamics from wind measurements at two local airports and from the WRF-LES simulations at 111 m resolution. Our top-down CH4 emissions derived using the Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) observations of 1.4 to 4.8 ppt s−1 are in the low end of previous top-down estimates, consistent with reductions of the dairy farms and urbanization in the domain. However, the wide range of inferred fluxes points to the challenges posed by the heterogeneity of the sources and meteorology. Inverse modeling from WRF-LES is utilized to resolve the spatial distribution of CH4 emissions in the domain. Both the model and the measurements indicate heterogeneous emissions, with contributions from anthropogenic and biogenic sources at Chino. A Bayesian inversion and a Monte Carlo approach are used to provide the CH4 emissions of 2.2 to 3.5 ppt s−1 at Chino.
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7

Hauksson, Egill. "Earthquakes, faulting, and stress in the Los Angeles Basin." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, B10 (1990): 15365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib10p15365.

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8

Craven, J. S., A. R. Metcalf, R. Bahreini, et al. "Los Angeles Basin airborne organic aerosol characterization during CalNex." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 19 (2013): 11,453–11,467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50853.

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9

Xingxin, Du. "On shear-wave splitting in the Los Angeles basin." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 134, no. 2 (1990): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00876997.

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10

Witiw, M. R., and Steve LaDochy. "Trends in fog frequencies in the Los Angeles Basin." Atmospheric Research 87, no. 3-4 (2008): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.11.010.

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11

Sen, Mrinal K. "Modeling of wave propagation in northern Los Angeles basin." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 81, no. 3 (1991): 751–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0810030751.

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Abstract The Los Angeles basin is characterized by deep structural complexity and is the site of numerous earthquakes. We analyze the amplitude and waveform data of earthquakes recorded in the Los Angeles basin in order to identify the structurally controlled path effects. This has been done in order to determine which features of the structure affect the observations and to generate improved models in different parts of the basin increasing our capabilities of predicting seismic hazard. Several structural models of the L.A. basin that are based on regional subsurface studies, exposed sections, scattered oil wells, and other limited geophysical data have recently become available. In this study, we have used seismic modeling techniques together with geologic models to attempt to explain site variations in some important data bases. We have modeled waveforms of (1) the 19 January 1989 Malibu earthquake data recorded in Pasadena, (2) an M = 2.8 earthquake recorded by the USC downhole array in the Baldwin Hills, southern California, and (3) two aftershocks of the Whittier Narrows earthquake recorded at five stations along a profile. The modeling of the Malibu earthquake results in a layered one-dimensional model representing 6.5 km of layered sediment underlain by a high-velocity basement. Direct arrivals, basin reflected phases, and multiple reverberations are modeled fairly well by this one-dimensional model. The downhole array data in the Baldwin Hills show a significant near-surface amplification that can be modeled by very low-velocity near-surface materials. A series of aftershocks of the Whittier Narrows earthquake recorded at close distances at temporary recording sites shows a wide variation in peak accelerations due both to radiation pattern and propagation effects. The effect of lateral heterogeneity is evident in the travel time, where stations within the basin show later arrival times than those away from the basin for the same epicentral distance. Seismograms recorded at different sites show variation in waveforms due to multi-pathing of rays. We use such triplicated arrivals to constrain the structure of different interfaces. Using these criteria and the synthetic seismograms calculated by ray theory and finite difference methods, we have been able to model the tangential seismograms due to two of these events recorded at five stations along a two-dimensional profile. All three modeling exercises helped us understand wave propagation in the basin environment. A basin-reflected phase was identified in the seismogram from the Malibu earthquake, which was used to derive an effective depth of the basement. Near-surface amplification of the waves observed in the downhole data could be explained by constructive interference of the multiply reflected waves through the thin near-surface low-velocity layer. Similarly, site-dependent variation of waveform and travel time shown by the seismograms from the aftershocks of the Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake could be accounted for when a laterally varying structure was used.
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12

Kohler, Monica D., Filippos Filippitzis, Thomas Heaton, et al. "2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Reveals Areas of Los Angeles That Amplify Shaking of High-Rises." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 6 (2020): 3370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200170.

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Abstract The populace of Los Angeles, California, was startled by shaking from the M 7.1 earthquake that struck the city of Ridgecrest located 200 km to the north on 6 July 2019. Although the earthquake did not cause damage in Los Angeles, the experience in high-rise buildings was frightening in contrast to the shaking felt in short buildings. Observations from 560 ground-level accelerometers reveal large variations in shaking in the Los Angeles basin that occurred for more than 2 min. The observations come from the spatially dense Community Seismic Network (CSN), combined with the sparser Southern California Seismic Network and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program networks. Site amplification factors for periods of 1, 3, 6, and 8 s are computed as the ratio of each station’s response spectral values combined for the two horizontal directions, relative to the average of three bedrock sites. Spatially coherent behavior in site amplification emerges for periods ≥3 s, and the maximum calculated site amplifications are the largest, by factors of 7, 10, and 8, respectively, for 3, 6, and 8 s periods. The dense CSN observations show that the long-period amplification is clearly, but only partially, correlated with the depth to basement. Sites with the largest amplifications for the long periods (≥3 s) are not close to the deepest portion of the basin. At 6 and 8 s periods, the maximum amplifications occur in the western part of the Los Angeles basin and in the south-central San Fernando Valley sedimentary basin. The observations suggest that the excitation of a hypothetical high-rise located in an area characterized by the largest site amplifications could be four times larger than in a downtown Los Angeles location.
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13

Spengler, John, Margo Schwab, P. Barry Ryan, et al. "Personal Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide in the Los Angeles Basin." Air & Waste 44, no. 1 (1994): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1073161x.1994.10467236.

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14

Ingersoll, Raymond V., and Peter E. Rumelhart. "Three-stage evolution of the Los Angeles basin, southern California." Geology 27, no. 7 (1999): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0593:tseotl>2.3.co;2.

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15

Metcalf, A. R., J. S. Craven, J. J. Ensberg, et al. "Black carbon aerosol over the Los Angeles Basin during CalNex." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 117, no. D21 (2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011jd017255.

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16

Noll, Kenneth E., Kenneth Y. P. Fang, and Ebriham Khalili. "Characterization of Atmospheric Coarse Particles in the Los Angeles Basin." Aerosol Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (1990): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786829008959321.

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17

Seigneur, Christian, and Anthony M. Wegrecki. "Mathematical modeling of cloud chemistry in the Los Angeles basin." Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics 24, no. 5 (1990): 989–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90068-x.

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18

Graves, Robert W., and Robert W. Clayton. "Modeling path effects in three-dimensional basin structures." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82, no. 1 (1992): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0820010081.

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Abstract Path effects for seismic wave propagation within three-dimensional (3-D) basin structures are analyzed using a reciprocal source experiment. In this experiment, a numerical simulation is performed in which a point source is excited at a given location and then the wave field is propagated and recorded throughout a 3-D grid of points. Using the principle of reciprocity, source and receiver locations are reversed. This allows the modeling of path effects into a particular observation site for all possible source locations using only one simulation. The numerical technique is based on the use of paraxial extrapolators and currently tracks only acoustic waves. However, the method is capable of handling arbitrary media variations; thus, effects due to focusing, diffraction, and the generation of multiple reflections and refractions are modeled quite well. The application of this technique to model path effects for local earthquakes recorded at stations in the Los Angeles area of southern California indicates the strong influence of the 3-D crustal basins of this region on the propagation of seismic energy. The modeling results show that the Los Angeles, San Fernando, and San Gabriel basins create strong patterns of focusing and defocusing for paths into these stations from various source locations. These simulations correlate well with earthquake data recorded at both stations. By comparing these calculations with earthquake data, we can begin to evaluate the importance of these basin effects on observed patterns of strong ground motions.
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19

Carnevale, Giorgio, Theodore W. Pietsch, Gary T. Takeuchi, and Richard W. Huddleston. "Fossil ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes) from the Miocene of the Los Angeles Basin, California." Journal of Paleontology 82, no. 5 (2008): 996–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/07-113.1.

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Fossil ceratioid anglerfishes are described from the Upper Miocene (upper Mohnian) deposits of the Puente Formation, Los Angeles Basin, California. The specimens were collected from the laminated turbiditic deposits of the Yorba Member in the eastern sector of the Los Angeles Basin during the construction of a new metro rail line. Five taxa (Borophryne cf. apogon; Chaenophryne aff. melanorhabdus; Leptacanthichthys cf. gracilispinis; Linophryne cf. indica; Oneirodes sp.) belonging to two families, Linophrynidae and Oneirodidae, are described based on nine metamorphosed females. A detailed osteological analysis of the fossils has revealed that they can be tentatively assigned to extant species, suggesting that little or no relevant morphological change has characterized these taxa at least since the Late Miocene. Biogeographic considerations suggest that the Late Miocene ceratioid assemblages of the Los Angeles Basin are strikingly similar to those that currently inhabit the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific region. From a paleoenvironmental point of view, the excellent preservation of the specimens suggests a reduced turbulence and velocity of the turbidity fluxes. Finally, the comparative study of the bathymetric ranges of the ceratioid taxa recognized in the fossil assemblage described in this paper suggests that the minimum depth of the depositional environment might be estimated at approximately 1,000 m.
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20

Wong, Clare K., Thomas J. Pongetti, Tom Oda, et al. "Monthly trends of methane emissions in Los Angeles from 2011 to 2015 inferred by CLARS-FTS observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 20 (2016): 13121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13121-2016.

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Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of methane emissions from the Los Angeles Basin at monthly timescales across a 4-year time period – from September 2011 to August 2015. Using observations acquired by a ground-based near-infrared remote sensing instrument on Mount Wilson, California, combined with atmospheric CH4–CO2 tracer–tracer correlations, we observed −18 to +22 % monthly variability in CH4 : CO2 from the annual mean in the Los Angeles Basin. Top-down estimates of methane emissions for the basin also exhibit significant monthly variability (−19 to +31 % from annual mean and a maximum month-to-month change of 47 %). During this period, methane emissions consistently peaked in the late summer/early fall and winter. The estimated annual methane emissions did not show a statistically significant trend over the 2011 to 2015 time period.
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21

Engstrom, Wayne N. "The California Storm of January 1862." Quaternary Research 46, no. 2 (1996): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0054.

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The greatest storm in the written history of California struck the region in the winter of 1861–1862. The unusual weather began on Christmas Eve, 1861, and persisted for some 45 days as a series of middle-latitude cyclones made landfall along the California coast. Episodes of very cold and very warm temperatures occurred both during the storm and in the spring of 1862 as meridional flow prevailed. Heavy precipitation swelled the Santa Ana River to more than triple the highest estimated discharge in this century. High water levels in coastal streams between Los Angeles and San Diego persisted into the spring. Lakes were created in the Los Angeles Basin and the Mojave Desert. Arroyos were cut. Sediments from the flood may be preserved in offshore basins.
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22

Hauksson, Egill. "Seismotectonics of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone in the Los Angeles basin, southern California." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 77, no. 2 (1987): 539–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0770020539.

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Abstract The Newport-Inglewood fault zone (NIF) strikes northwest along the western margin of the Los Angeles basin in southern California. The seismicity (1973 to 1985) of ML ≧ 2.5 that occurred within a 20-km-wide rectangle centered on the NIF extending from the Santa Monica fault in the north to Newport Beach in the south is analyzed. A simultaneous full inversion scheme (VELEST) is used to invert for hypocentral parameters, two velocity models, and a set of station delays. Arrival time data from three quarry blasts are included to stabilize the inversion. The first velocity model applies to stations located along the rim and outside the Los Angeles basin and is well resolved. It is almost identical to the starting model, which is the model routinely used by the CIT/USGS southern California seismic network for locating local earthquakes. The second velocity model applies to stations located within the Los Angeles basin. It shows significantly lower velocities down to depths of 12 to 16 km, which is consistent with basement of Catalina Schist below the sediments in the western Los Angeles basin. The distribution of relocated hypocenters shows an improved correspondence to mapped surface traces of late Quaternary fault segments of the NIF. A diffuse trend of seismicity is observed along the Inglewood fault from the Dominguez Hills, across the Baldwin Hills to the Santa Monica fault in the north. The seismicity adjacent to Long Beach, however, is offset 4 to 5 km to the east, near the trace of the subsurface Los Alamitos fault. The depth distribution of earthquakes along the NIF shows clustering from 6 to 11 km depth, which is similar to average seismogenic depths in southern California. Thirty-nine single-event focal mechanisms of small earthquakes (1977 to 1985) show mostly strike-slip faulting with some reverse faulting along the north segment (north of Dominguez Hills) and some normal faulting along the south segment (south of Dominguez Hills to Newport Beach). The results of an inversion of the focal mechanism data for orientations of the principal stress axes and their relative magnitudes indicate that the minimum principal stress is vertical along the north segment while the intermediate stress is vertical along the south segment. The maximum principal stress axis is oriented 10° to 25° east of north. Reverse faulting along the north segment indicates that a transition zone of mostly compressive deformation exists between the Los Angeles block and the Central Transverse Ranges.
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23

Husker, A. L. "Anomalous Seismic Amplitudes Measured in the Los Angeles Basin Interpreted as a Basin-Edge Diffraction Catastrophe." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 96, no. 1 (2006): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040216.

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24

Pai, Prasad, Krishnakumar Vijayaraghavan, and Christian Seigneur. "Particulate Matter Modeling in the Los Angeles Basin Using SAQM-AERO." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 50, no. 1 (2000): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10463992.

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25

Hayba, Daniel O., and Craig M. Bethke. "Timing and Velocity of Petroleum Migration in the Los Angeles Basin." Journal of Geology 103, no. 1 (1995): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629720.

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26

Hughes, L. S., J. O. Allen, P. Bhave, et al. "Evolution of Atmospheric Particles along Trajectories Crossing the Los Angeles Basin." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 15 (2000): 3058–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9908671.

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27

Glendening, John W., Brian L. Ulrickson, and Joost A. Businger. "Mesoscale Variability of Boundary Layer Properties in the Los Angeles Basin." Monthly Weather Review 114, no. 12 (1986): 2537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<2537:mvoblp>2.0.co;2.

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28

Kim, Eugene, and Philip K. Hopke. "Source characterization of ambient fine particles in the Los Angeles basin." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 6, no. 4 (2007): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s06-054.

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29

Turpin, Barbara J., James J. Huntzicker, and Susanne V. Hering. "Investigation of organic aerosol sampling artifacts in the los angeles basin." Atmospheric Environment 28, no. 19 (1994): 3061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00133-6.

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30

Eiguren-Fernandez, Arantza, Antonio H. Miguel, Rong Lu, et al. "Atmospheric formation of 9,10-phenanthraquinone in the Los Angeles air basin." Atmospheric Environment 42, no. 10 (2008): 2312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.029.

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31

Hudda, N., K. Cheung, K. F. Moore, and C. Sioutas. "Inter-community variability in total particle number concentrations in the eastern Los Angeles air basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 23 (2010): 11385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11385-2010.

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Abstract. Ultrafine Particles (UFP) can display sharp gradients in their number concentrations in urban environment due to their transient nature and rapid atmospheric processing. The ability of using air pollution data generated at a central monitoring station to assess exposure relies on our understanding of the spatial variability of a specific pollutant associated with a region. High spatial variation in the concentrations of air pollutants has been reported at scales of 10s of km for areas affected by primary emissions. Spatial variability in particle number concentrations (PNC) and size distributions needs to be investigated, as the representativeness of a monitoring station in a region is premised on the assumption of homogeneity in both of these metrics. This study was conducted at six sites, one in downtown Los Angeles and five located about 40–115 km downwind in the receptor areas of Los Angeles air basin. PNC and size distribution were measured using Condensation Particle Counters (CPC) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The seasonal and diurnal variations of PNC implied that PNC might vary significantly with meteorological conditions, even though the general patterns at the sites may remain generally similar across the year due to consistency of sources around them. Regionally transported particulate matter (PM) from upwind urban areas of Los Angeles lowered spatial variation by acting as a "homogenizing" factor during favorable meteorological conditions. Spatial variability also increased during hours of the day during which the effects of local sources predominate. The spatial variability associated with PNC (quantified using Coefficients of Divergence, CODs), averaged about 0.3, which was generally lower than that based on specific size ranges. Results showed an inverse relationship of COD with particles size, with fairly uniform values in the particle range which is associated with regional transport. Our results suggest that spatial variability, even in the receptor regions of Los Angeles Basin, should be assessed for both PNC and size distributions, and should be interpreted in context of seasonal and diurnal influences, and suitably factored if values for exposure are ascertained using a central monitoring station.
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32

Fu, D., T. J. Pongetti, J. F. L. Blavier, et al. "Near-infrared remote sensing of Los Angeles trace gas distributions from a mountaintop site." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 3 (2014): 713–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-713-2014.

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Abstract. The Los Angeles basin is a significant anthropogenic source of major greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) and the pollutant CO, contributing significantly to regional and global climate change. We present a novel approach for monitoring the spatial and temporal distributions of greenhouse gases in the Los Angeles basin using a high-resolution spectroscopic remote sensing technique. A new Fourier transform spectrometer called CLARS-FTS has been deployed since May, 2010, at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)'s California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CLARS) on Mt. Wilson, California, for automated long-term measurements of greenhouse gases. The instrument design and performance of CLARS-FTS are presented. From its mountaintop location at an altitude of 1673 m, the instrument points at a programmed sequence of ground target locations in the Los Angeles basin, recording spectra of reflected near-IR solar radiation. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of greenhouse gases (XGHG) including XCO2, XCH4, and XCO are retrieved several times per day for each target. Spectra from a local Spectralon® scattering plate are also recorded to determine background (free tropospheric) column abundances above the site. Comparisons between measurements from LA basin targets and the Spectralon® plate provide estimates of the boundary layer partial column abundances of the measured species. Algorithms are described for transforming the measured interferograms into spectra, and for deriving column abundances from the spectra along with estimates of the measurement precision and accuracy. The CLARS GHG measurements provide a means to infer relative, and possibly absolute, GHG emissions.
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33

Fu, D., T. J. Pongetti, J. F. L. Blavier, et al. "Near-infrared remote sensing of Los Angeles trace gas distributions from a mountaintop site." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 5 (2013): 8807–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-8807-2013.

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Abstract. The Los Angeles basin is a significant anthropogenic source of major greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) and the pollutant CO, contributing significantly to regional and global climate change. We present a novel approach for monitoring the spatial and temporal distributions of greenhouse gases in the Los Angeles basin using a high-resolution spectroscopic remote sensing technique. A new Fourier Transform Spectrometer called CLARS-FTS has been deployed since May 2010 at JPL's California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CLARS) on Mt. Wilson, California for automated long-term measurements of greenhouse gases. The instrument design and performance of CLARS-FTS are presented. From its mountaintop location at an altitude of 1673 m, the instrument points at a programmed sequence of ground target locations in the Los Angeles basin, recording spectra of reflected near-IR solar radiation. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of greenhouse gases (XGHG) including XCO2, XCH4, and XCO are retrieved several times per day for each target. Spectra from a local Spectralon® scattering plate are also recorded to determine background (free tropospheric) column abundances above the site. Comparisons between measurements from LA basin targets and the Spectralon® plate provide estimates of the boundary layer partial column abundances of the measured species. Algorithms are described for transforming the measured interferograms into spectra, and for deriving column abundances from the spectra along with estimates of the measurement precision and accuracy. The CLARS GHG measurements provide a means to infer relative, and possibly absolute, GHG emissions.
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34

Saikia, Chandan K., Douglas S. Dreger, and Donald V. Helmberger. "Modeling of energy amplification recorded within Greater Los Angeles using irregular structure." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84, no. 1 (1994): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0840010047.

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Abstract We have investigated energy amplification observed within Greater Los Angeles basin by analyzing regional waveforms recorded from several Nevada Test Site (NTS) nuclear explosions. Although the stations are located nearly at the same azimuth (distances ranging from 350 to 400 km), the seismograms recorded in Compton (the central part of the basin), Long Beach (the southern edge of the basin), and downtown Los Angeles are remarkably different, even for a common explosion. Following the onset of Lg waves, the Long Beach sites have recorded surface waves for more than 100 sec. From one explosion, the sites within downtown Los Angeles have recorded seismograms with strong 3-sec surface waves. These waves are not observed on the seismograms recorded in the neighboring hard-rock site California Institute of Technology (CIT) station. Thus, they must have been generated by local wave guides. Numerically, we modeled these 3-sec waves by convolving the CIT seismogram with the response of a sedimentary strata dipping gently (about 6°) from CIT toward downtown. We also examined the irregular basin effect by analyzing the variation of cumulative temporal energy across the basin relative to the energy recorded at CIT from the same explosion. Variation up to a factor of 30 was observed. To model the energy variation that is caused by extended surface waves in the Long Beach area, we used numerically simulated site transfer functions (STF) from a NNE-SSW oriented two-dimensional basin structure extending from Montebello to Palos Verdes that included low-velocity sedimentary material in the uppermost layers. These STFs were convolved with the CIT seismogram recorded from the MAST explosion. To simulate elongated duration of surface waves, we introduced in the upper sedimentary structure some discontinuous microbasin structures of varying size, each microbasin delaying the seismic waves propagating through them. Consequently, the surface-reflected phases through these structures are delayed and reflected into the upper medium by the underlying interfaces. This mechanism helps delayed energy to appear at a later time and result in a longer time duration at sites located at southern edge of the basin.
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35

Hudda, N., K. Cheung, K. F. Moore, and C. Sioutas. "Inter-community variability in total particle number concentrations in the eastern Los Angeles air basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 6 (2010): 13901–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-13901-2010.

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Abstract. Ultrafine Particles (UFP) can display sharp gradients in their number concentrations in urban environment due to their transient nature and rapid atmospheric processing. The ability of using air pollution data generated at a central monitoring station to assess exposure relies on our understanding of the spatial variability of a specific pollutant associated with a region. High spatial variation in the concentrations of air pollutants has been reported at scales of 10s of km for areas affected by primary emissions. Spatial variability in particle number concentrations (PNC) and size distributions needs to be investigated, as the representativeness of a monitoring station in a region is premised on the assumption of homogeneity in both of these metrics. This study was conducted at seven sites, one in downtown Los Angeles and six located about 40–115 km downwind in the receptor areas of Los Angeles air basin. PNC and size distribution were measured using Condensation Particle Counters (CPC) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The seasonal and diurnal variations of PNC implied that PNC might vary significantly with meteorological conditions, even though the general patterns at the sites may remain generally similar across the year due to consistency of sources around them. Regionally transported particulate matter (PM) from upwind urban areas of Los Angeles lowered spatial variation by acting as a "homogenizing" factor during favorable meteorological conditions. Spatial variability also increased during hours of the day during which the effects of local sources predominated. The spatial variability associated with PNC (quantified using Coefficients of Divergence, CODs), averaged 0.3, which was generally lower than that based on specific size ranges. Results showed an inverse relationship of COD with particles size, with fairly uniform values in the particle range above 40–50 nm, which is associated with regional transport. Our results suggest that spatial variability, even in the receptor regions of Los Angeles Basin, should be assessed for both PNC and size distributions, and should be interpreted in context of seasonal and diurnal influences, and suitably factored if values for exposure are ascertained using a central monitoring station.
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36

Hruby, C. E. "Empirical Corrections for Basin Effects in Stochastic Ground-Motion Prediction, Based on the Los Angeles Basin Analysis." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93, no. 4 (2003): 1679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120020121.

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37

Bijelić, Nenad, Ting Lin, and Gregory G. Deierlein. "Quantification of the Influence of Deep Basin Effects on Structural Collapse Using SCEC CyberShake Earthquake Ground Motion Simulations." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 4 (2019): 1845–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/080418eqs197m.

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This paper examines the effects of earthquake ground motions in deep sedimentary basins on structural collapse risk using physics-based earthquake simulations of the Los Angeles basin developed through the Southern California Earthquake Center's CyberShake project. Distinctive waveform characteristics of deep basin seismograms are used to classify the ground motions into several archetype groups, and the damaging influence of the basin effects are evaluated by comparing nonlinear structural responses under spectrum and significant duration equivalent basin and nonbasin ground motions. The deep basin ground motions are observed to have longer period-dependent durations and larger sustained spectral intensities than nonbasin motions for vibration periods longer than about 1.5 s, which can increase structural collapse risk by up to 20% in ground motions with otherwise comparable peak spectral accelerations and significant durations. Two new metrics are proposed to quantify period-dependent duration effects that are not otherwise captured by conventional ground motion intensity measures. The proposed sustained amplitude response spectra and significant duration spectra show promise for characterizing the damaging effects of long duration features of basin ground motions on buildings and other structures.
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38

Jones, L., and E. Hauksson. "The Whittier Narrows, California Earthquake of October 1, 1987—Seismology." Earthquake Spectra 4, no. 1 (1988): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585464.

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The October 1, 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake ( ML = 5.9) was located at 34° 3.0′N, 118° 4.8′W, at the northwestern end of the Puente Hills. The sequence ruptured a small part, 4 km by 5 km, of a previously unidentified, buried, thrust fault that strikes east-west and dips 25° down to the north. This fault may be part of a large system of thrust faults extending across the entire east-west length of the northern margin of the Los Angeles basin. The focus of the mainshock is deep, at 14 ± 1 km. The largest aftershock ( ML = 5.3) produced mostly strike-slip movement on a steeply dipping, northwest plane, that bounds the mainshock rupture area to the west. Enhancement of the Los Angeles basin seismic network would facilitate investigation of the potential of these faults for moderate-sized or large earthquakes.
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39

Boore, David M. "Basin waves on a seafloor recording of the 1990 Upland, California, earthquake: Implications for ground motions from a larger earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 1 (1999): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890010317.

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AbstractThe velocity and displacement time series from a recording on the seafloor at 74 km from the 1990 Upland earthquake (M = 5.6) are dominated by late-arriving waves with periods of 6 to 7 sec. These waves are probably surface waves traveling across the Los Angeles basin. Response spectra for the recording are in agreement with predictions from empirical regression equations and theoretical models for periods less than about 1 sec but are significantly larger than those predictions for longer periods. The longer-period spectral amplitudes are controlled by the late-arriving waves, which are not included in the theoretical models and are underrepresented in the data used in the empirical analyses. When the motions are scaled to larger magnitude, the results are in general agreement with simulations of wave propagation in the Los Angeles basin by Graves (1998).
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40

Zeng, Zhao-Cheng, Qiong Zhang, Vijay Natraj, et al. "Aerosol scattering effects on water vapor retrievals over the Los Angeles Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 4 (2017): 2495–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2495-2017.

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Abstract. In this study, we propose a novel approach to describe the scattering effects of atmospheric aerosols in a complex urban environment using water vapor (H2O) slant column measurements in the near infrared. This approach is demonstrated using measurements from the California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Fourier Transform Spectrometer on the top of Mt. Wilson, California, and a two-stream-exact single scattering (2S-ESS) radiative transfer (RT) model. From the spectral measurements, we retrieve H2O slant column density (SCD) using 15 different absorption bands between 4000 and 8000 cm−1. Due to the wavelength dependence of aerosol scattering, large variations in H2O SCD retrievals are observed as a function of wavelength. Moreover, the variations are found to be correlated with aerosol optical depths (AODs) measured at the AERONET-Caltech station. Simulation results from the RT model reproduce this correlation and show that the aerosol scattering effect is the primary contributor to the variations in the wavelength dependence of the H2O SCD retrievals. A significant linear correlation is also found between variations in H2O SCD retrievals from different bands and corresponding AOD data; this correlation is associated with the asymmetry parameter, which is a first-order measure of the aerosol scattering phase function. The evidence from both measurements and simulations suggests that wavelength-dependent aerosol scattering effects can be derived using H2O retrievals from multiple bands. This understanding of aerosol scattering effects on H2O retrievals suggests a promising way to quantify the effect of aerosol scattering on greenhouse gas retrievals and could potentially contribute towards reducing biases in greenhouse gas retrievals from space.
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41

Shen, Zheng-Kang, David D. Jackson, and Bob X. Ge. "Crustal deformation across and beyond the Los Angeles basin from geodetic measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, B12 (1996): 27957–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96jb02544.

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42

Bullard, Thomas F., and William R. Lettis. "Quaternary fold deformation associated with blind thrust faulting, Los Angeles Basin, California." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 98, B5 (1993): 8349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93jb00012.

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43

Cheung, Kalam, Nancy Daher, Martin M. Shafer, Zhi Ning, James J. Schauer, and Constantinos Sioutas. "Diurnal trends in coarse particulate matter composition in the Los Angeles Basin." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 13, no. 11 (2011): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1em10296f.

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44

CHAMBERLAIN, W. B., S. L. CULKIN, and X. XU. "Hydrogeological Characterization in the Development of Underground Structures, Los Angeles Basin, California." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 18, no. 3 (2012): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.18.3.295.

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45

Ensberg, J. J., J. S. Craven, A. R. Metcalf, et al. "Inorganic and black carbon aerosols in the Los Angeles Basin during CalNex." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 4 (2013): 1777–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jd018136.

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46

Ma, Yiran, and Robert W. Clayton. "Structure of the Los Angeles Basin from ambient noise and receiver functions." Geophysical Journal International 206, no. 3 (2016): 1645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw236.

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47

Willard Richards, L. "Airborne chemical measurements in nighttime stratus clouds in the Los Angeles Basin." Atmospheric Environment 29, no. 1 (1995): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00218-a.

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48

Ensberg, J. J., P. L. Hayes, J. L. Jimenez, et al. "Emission factor ratios, SOA mass yields, and the impact of vehicular emissions on SOA formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (2013): 27779–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-27779-2013.

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Abstract. The underprediction of ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA) levels by atmospheric models in urban areas is well established, yet the cause of this underprediction remains elusive. Likewise, the relative contribution of emissions from gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles to the formation of SOA is generally unresolved. Here we address these two issues using data from the 2010 CalNex experiment carried out in the Los Angeles basin (Ryerson et al., 2013). We use gas-phase organic mass (GPOM) and CO emission factors in conjunction with measured enhancements in oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) relative to CO to investigate the relative importance of gasoline vs. diesel emissions to organic aerosol formation. Two possible conclusions emerge from the analysis to yield consistency with the ambient data: (1) vehicular emissions are not a dominant source of anthropogenic fossil SOA in the Los Angeles basin, or (2) ambient SOA mass yields are substantially higher than those derived from laboratory chamber studies.
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49

Sailor, David J. "Simulated Urban Climate Response to Modifications in Surface Albedo and Vegetative Cover." Journal of Applied Meteorology 34, no. 7 (1995): 1694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450-34.7.1694.

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Abstract Three-dimensional meteorological simulations have been conducted to investigate the potential impact of urban surface characteristic modifications on local climate. Results for a base case simulation for the Los Angeles basin are compared to results from cases in which urban albedo or vegetative cover are increased. The methodology for determining the distribution and magnitude of these simulated surface modifications is presented. Increasing albedo over downtown Los Angeles by 0.14 and over the entire basin by an average of 0.08 decreased peak summertime temperatures by as much as 1.5°C. This level of albedo augmentation also lowered boundary layer heights by more than 50 m and reduced the magnitude and penetration of the sea breeze. A second simulation, in which vegetative cover was increased, showed qualitatively similar impacts. The results from these simulations indicate a potential to reduce urban energy demand and atmospheric pollution by 5%&amp;#x96;10% through application of reasonable surface modification strategies.
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50

Cumming, Daniel G. "Black Gold, White Power: Mapping Oil, Real Estate, and Racial Segregation in the Los Angeles Basin, 1900-1939." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 4 (March 1, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2018.212.

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In 1923, Southern California produced over twenty percent of the world’s oil. At the epicenter of an oil boom from 1892 to the 1930s, Los Angeles grew into the nation’s fifth largest city. By the end of the rush, it had also become one of the most racially segregated cities in the country. Historians have overlooked the relationship between industrialists drilling for oil and real estate developers codifying a racist housing market, namely through “redlining” maps and mortgage lending. While redlining is typically understood as a problem of horizontal territory, this paper argues that the mapping of the underground—the location and volume of subterranean oil fields, in particular—was a crucial technique in underwriting urban apartheid. Mapping technologies linked oil exploitation with restrictive property rights, constructing oil as a resource and vertically engineering a racialized housing market. By focusing on petro-industrialization interlocked with segregationist housing, this article reveals an unexamined chapter in Los Angeles’s history of resource exploitation and racial capitalism. Moreover, it contributes to a growing literature on the social production of resources, extractive technology and political exclusion, and the technoscientific practices used by states and corporations to mine the underground while constructing metropolitan inequality above ground.
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