Journal articles: 'Los Angeles Region'

1

Giuliano, Genevieve, and Kenneth A. Small. "Subcenters in the Los Angeles region." Regional Science and Urban Economics 21, no. 2 (1991): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(91)90032-i.

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2

King, Hannah, and Martin Wachs. "Centuries of Ballot-Box Transportation Planning in Los Angeles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 12 (2020): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120952796.

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Since 1980, many have marveled at Los Angeles’“innovation” of funding transportation through ballot measures that are raising billions for transportation improvements. In fact, historically much transportation infrastructure in Los Angeles was financed by local voter-approved revenues. It began in 1868 with a narrowly approved $225,000 bond measure to build the region’s first railroad, followed by an 1876 measure to grant the Southern Pacific railroad a $602,000 subsidy to entice the company to route its transcontinental line through the region. Angeleno voted on an additional 23 different transportation-related ballot measures between the passage of the Good Roads Act (1908) and the end of the New Deal (1937)—a key period of Los Angeles’ history that saw dramatic population increase and with it political contention over the direction of the region’s growth. Overall, these early transportation measures fared well with voters. Of the 25 transportation-related ballot measures in Los Angeles County from 1860 to 1960, only seven (28%) failed to pass, a far better record than nontransportation measures of which 21 of 31 (71%) went down to defeat. Regardless of whether, as some contend, Los Angeles missed a golden opportunity to create the backbone of an effective transit system that would have reduced the need for automobiles and spending many billions on freeways, it is clear that local voters have long faced competing visions for the future of Los Angeles and arguments over whether to fund transportation systems to serve these visions.

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Somerville, Paul G., Robert W. Graves, Steven M. Day, and Kim B. Olsen. "Ground motion environment of the Los Angeles region." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 15, no. 5 (2006): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.377.

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4

Bills, Emily. "Connecting Lines: L.A.'s Telephone History and the Binding of the Region." Southern California Quarterly 91, no. 1 (2009): 27–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41172456.

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From the 1881 incorporation of Los Angeles' first telephone company, telecommunications spread rapidly in the city and its surrounding region. This article details the proliferation of telephony, and its role in the region's rapid growth and in the formation of region-wide economic networks. Conversely, Pomona, 30 miles from Los Angeles, serves as an example of how local telephone systems could also facilitate sub-regional economic blocs. The history of the telephone, this article argues, is essential to understanding the L.A. region's multi-nucleated development and its economic structure.

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5

Song, Shunfeng. "Modelling Worker Residence Distribution in the Los Angeles Region." Urban Studies 31, no. 9 (1994): 1533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989420081411.

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6

Comandon, Andre, and Paul Ong. "South Los Angeles Since the 1960s: Race, Place, and Class." Review of Black Political Economy 47, no. 1 (2019): 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034644619873105.

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South Los Angeles embodies a complex history that captures the dynamics of spatial inequality. It is an area where some of the largest protests reacting to a system of racial oppression have imprinted a persistent image on the names South Central and Watts. This article analyzes how the stigma attached to the South Los Angeles area has translated to place specific forms of inequality. We take advantage of the consistency in the boundaries the Census used to collect data in the area from 1960 to 2016 to test hypotheses about the relative importance of race, place, and economic class in the Los Angeles region. The analysis revolves around three themes critical to furthering equality: housing, employment, and transportation. We find that the significance of place has changed significantly over the course of half a century without ever disappearing. In each of the themes we study, the significance of the factors we highlight changes, but South Los Angeles remains disadvantaged relative to the region.

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7

Lau, David. "Drastic Measures in Los Angeles." Boom 3, no. 2 (2013): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2013.3.2.82.

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This essay is a review of two recent books of criticism: Bill Mohr's account of the Los Angeles poetry scene and Ignacio Lopez-Calvo's account of recent film and fiction set in Latino L.A. The essay argues for a conception of L.A. rooted in understanding the political and economic history of the city, and concludes with some speculation on the future of cultural production in the southern California region.

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8

Berg, Neil, Alex Hall, Fengpeng Sun, et al. "Twenty-First-Century Precipitation Changes over the Los Angeles Region*." Journal of Climate 28, no. 2 (2015): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00316.1.

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Abstract A new hybrid statistical–dynamical downscaling technique is described to project mid- and end-of-twenty-first-century local precipitation changes associated with 36 global climate models (GCMs) in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project archive over the greater Los Angeles region. Land-averaged precipitation changes, ensemble-mean changes, and the spread of those changes for both time slices are presented. It is demonstrated that the results are similar to what would be produced if expensive dynamical downscaling techniques were instead applied to all GCMs. Changes in land-averaged ensemble-mean precipitation are near zero for both time slices, reflecting the region’s typical position in the models at the node of oppositely signed large-scale precipitation changes. For both time slices, the intermodel spread of changes is only about 0.2–0.4 times as large as natural interannual variability in the baseline period. A caveat to these conclusions is that interannual variability in the tropical Pacific is generally regarded as a weakness of the GCMs. As a result, there is some chance the GCM responses in the tropical Pacific to a changing climate and associated impacts on Southern California precipitation are not credible. It is subjectively judged that this GCM weakness increases the uncertainty of regional precipitation change, perhaps by as much as 25%. Thus, it cannot be excluded that the possibility that significant regional adaptation challenges related to either a precipitation increase or decrease would arise. However, the most likely downscaled outcome is a small change in local mean precipitation compared to natural variability, with large uncertainty on the sign of the change.

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9

Molina, Emily Tumpson. "Neighborhood Inequalities and the Long–Term Impact of Foreclosures: Evidence from the Los Angeles–Inland Empire Region." City & Community 15, no. 3 (2016): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12192.

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It is well documented that the foreclosure crisis was experienced unevenly in metropolitan regions nationwide. Yet it is still unclear how the long–term impacts of the foreclosure crisis manifested within the American metropolis. This paper identifies where the long–term negative impacts of the housing crisis were most acute by locating where foreclosed (REO) properties were more likely to remain vacant in the Los Angeles–Inland Empire area, a highly diverse region with high foreclosure rates. Foreclosure vacancies were concentrated in neighborhoods with larger Black and Latino populations, in older urban and inner–ring suburban neighborhoods, and in poorer neighborhoods with poorly performing schools. These patterns illuminate the enduring and emerging sociospatial inequalities that contribute to contemporary neighborhood decline and will likely shape the Los Angeles region's future, further solidifying longstanding neighborhood and other social inequalities.

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10

Ramsey-Musolf, Darrel. "The Efficacy of Allocating Housing Growth in the Los Angeles Region (2006–2014)." Urban Science 4, no. 3 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4030043.

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California is known for home values that eclipse U.S. housing prices. To increase housing inventory, California has implemented a regional housing needs allocation (RHNA) to transmit shares of housing growth to cities. However, no study has established RHNA’s efficacy. After examining the 4th RHNA cycle (i.e., 2006–2014) for 185 Los Angeles region cities, this study determined that RHNA directed housing growth to the city of Los Angeles and the region’s outlying cities as opposed to increasing density in the central and coastal cities. Second, RHNA directed 62% of housing growth to the region’s unaffordable cities. Third, the sample suffered a 34% shortfall in housing growth due to the Great Recession but garnered an average achievement of approximately 93% due to RHNA’s transmission of minimal housing growth shares. Lastly, RHNA maintained statistically significant associations with increased housing inventory, housing affordability, and housing growth rates, indicating that RHNA may influence housing development.

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11

Soja, E. W. "Taking Los Angeles Apart: Some Fragments of a Critical Human Geography." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 3 (1986): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040255.

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This essay, is a presentation of a succession of brief, tentative, and often incongruous readings of the human geography of contemporary Los Angeles, an urban region of both telling uniqueness and compelling generalizability. Viewed as a comprehensive whole, Los Angeles brings to mind Jorge Luis Borges's perplexing encounter with The Aleph, “the only place on earth where all places are”, a limitless space of simultaneity and contradiction, impossible to describe in ordinary language. Extraordinary language is accordingly experimented with in describing Los Angeles as a place where everything seems to ‘come together’ in evocative fragments, Abstractions and concreteness are combined in verbal tours of the peripheral and central landscapes of Los Angeles, critical travelogs aimed at restructuring how we look at, interpret, and theorize the spatiality and historicity of contemporary urban society, how we read the urban con-text.

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12

Monkkonen, Eric H. "Homicide in Los Angeles, 1827–2002." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 36, no. 2 (2005): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0022195054741235.

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An analysis of nearly two centuries of homicide data that stretch back to the Mexican period for the city and county of Los Angeles reveal a long history of violence in the region, one in which the homicide rate has consistently been higher than that of other major cities. Such factors as national culture, regional differences, demographics, economics, and political structure help to account for the persistence of this pattern. Does this traditional tolerance for violence and homicide in Los Angeles signify a local articulation of what is deemed normal, and could long-term efforts be devised to counter it?

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13

Breau, Sébastien. "Exports and Local Labor Markets in the Greater Los Angeles Region." Urban Geography 30, no. 1 (2009): 40–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.30.1.40.

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14

Friedricks, William B. "A Metropolitan Entrepreneur Par Excellence: Henry E. Huntington and the Growth of Southern California, 1898–1927." Business History Review 63, no. 2 (1989): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115699.

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Henry E. Huntington, according to the following article, placed his imprint on the development of his region, the Los Angeles basin, to an extent unique among urban entrepreneurs. His great wealth and foresight, and especially his interests in street railways, real estate development, and hydroelectric power, enabled him to become a de facto city planner for one of the most important metropolitan regions in the United States.

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15

Sakai, Takanori, Adrien Beziat, Adeline Heitz, and Laetitia Dablanc. "Testing the “Freight Landscape” Concept for Paris." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 9 (2018): 216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118776783.

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The concept of “freight landscape,” the basis for a modeling approach for urban freight traffic estimation using commonly available datasets, was proposed in 2017 with a case study applying it to the Los Angeles metropolitan area. To extend the scope of that research, we conduct another case study using data from the Paris region, France. We estimate spatial lag models using population, employment, or establishment transportation accessibilities as explanatory variables and network-based truck traffic as the dependent variable, modifying the approach used in the Los Angeles study. We identify differences in the characteristics of the variables and the models between the Los Angeles and Paris cases, each having a distinctively different urban structure. While the models estimated for the Paris region provide beneficial insights into the relationships between freight landscape indicators and urban freight traffic, the complex correlation structure among indicators, as well as the limitation of the models for specifying the areas of very high truck traffic, underlines the need for further research on the modeling framework and for more case studies.

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16

Hu, Bo, Xiongle Chen, and Xingfu Zhang. "Using Multisensor SAR Datasets to Monitor Land Subsidence in Los Angeles from 2003 to 2017." Journal of Sensors 2019 (February 27, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9389820.

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Los Angeles has undergone tremendous deformations over the past few decades, mainly due to human factors such as natural disasters and earthquakes, urban construction, overexploitation of groundwater, and oil extraction. The purpose of this study is to map the temporal and spatial variations of land subsidence in Los Angeles and to use the improved SBAS (small baseline subset) technique and multisensor SAR datasets to analyze the causes of deformations in this area from October 2003 to October 2017. At the same time, the deformation results of SBAS inversion are compared with the GPS measurements and the multisensor SAR dataset deformation, and the results are highly consistent. During the period from 2003 to 2017, there were several subsidence regions and one uplift region in Los Angeles. The cumulative subsidence was -266.8 mm at the maximum, and the average annual subsidence velocity was -19 mm/yr, which was mainly caused by groundwater overexploitation. The maximum amount of accumulated lift is +104.8 mm, and the average annual lifting velocity can reach +7.5 mm/yr. Our results have very strong practical application value and can provide a significant basis for local government services in disaster prevention and mitigation decision-making.

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17

Geiger, R. K., and J. R. Wolch. "A Shadow State? Voluntarism in Metropolitan Los Angeles." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 3 (1986): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040351.

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The character of voluntary action and its relationship to the political economy are changing in response to recent policy shifts favoring service reductions, privatization, and a transferral of responsibility for services, under ‘new federalism’ policies. In an examination of new data for voluntary organizations in the Los Angeles metropolitan region, an extensively differentiated sector of significant size is found that is often highly reliant on public funding, but which is becoming increasingly entrepreneurial and has begun to shift more of the service cost burden onto clients as a consequence of reductions in funding support. These characteristics have important implications for the region and possibly for other urban areas in the USA, one of which is that this new reliance on voluntary services could lead to the existence of a shadow state: a new institutional form that fulfills many of the functions of government but also makes many public policy decisions in the absence of governmental preemption.

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18

Hudda, N., K. Cheung, K. F. Moore, and C. Sioutas. "Inter-community variability in total particle number concentrations in the eastern Los Angeles air basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 23 (2010): 11385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11385-2010.

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Abstract. Ultrafine Particles (UFP) can display sharp gradients in their number concentrations in urban environment due to their transient nature and rapid atmospheric processing. The ability of using air pollution data generated at a central monitoring station to assess exposure relies on our understanding of the spatial variability of a specific pollutant associated with a region. High spatial variation in the concentrations of air pollutants has been reported at scales of 10s of km for areas affected by primary emissions. Spatial variability in particle number concentrations (PNC) and size distributions needs to be investigated, as the representativeness of a monitoring station in a region is premised on the assumption of homogeneity in both of these metrics. This study was conducted at six sites, one in downtown Los Angeles and five located about 40–115 km downwind in the receptor areas of Los Angeles air basin. PNC and size distribution were measured using Condensation Particle Counters (CPC) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The seasonal and diurnal variations of PNC implied that PNC might vary significantly with meteorological conditions, even though the general patterns at the sites may remain generally similar across the year due to consistency of sources around them. Regionally transported particulate matter (PM) from upwind urban areas of Los Angeles lowered spatial variation by acting as a "homogenizing" factor during favorable meteorological conditions. Spatial variability also increased during hours of the day during which the effects of local sources predominate. The spatial variability associated with PNC (quantified using Coefficients of Divergence, CODs), averaged about 0.3, which was generally lower than that based on specific size ranges. Results showed an inverse relationship of COD with particles size, with fairly uniform values in the particle range which is associated with regional transport. Our results suggest that spatial variability, even in the receptor regions of Los Angeles Basin, should be assessed for both PNC and size distributions, and should be interpreted in context of seasonal and diurnal influences, and suitably factored if values for exposure are ascertained using a central monitoring station.

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19

Chen, P., L. Zhao, and T. H. Jordan. "Full 3D Tomography for the Crustal Structure of the Los Angeles Region." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 97, no. 4 (2007): 1094–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060222.

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20

Yarwood, Greg, Till E. Stoeckenius, Jeremy G. Heiken, and Alan M. Dunker. "Modeling Weekday/Weekend Ozone Differences in the Los Angeles Region for 1997." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 53, no. 7 (2003): 864–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2003.10466232.

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21

Wang, Wenwen, and Diane E. Pataki. "Spatial patterns of plant isotope tracers in the Los Angeles urban region." Landscape Ecology 25, no. 1 (2009): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9401-5.

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22

Sheng, Jingfen, and John P. Wilson. "Watershed urbanization and changing flood behavior across the Los Angeles metropolitan region." Natural Hazards 48, no. 1 (2008): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9241-7.

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23

Rikitake, T. "Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region—An Earth-Science Perspective." Tectonophysics 144, no. 4 (1987): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90303-9.

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24

Adler, S. "The Dynamics of Transit Innovation in Los Angeles." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 3 (1986): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040321.

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The recent reemergence of the private sector in urban transit, as well as private-sector-like behavior in the public sector, are manifestations of profound political and fiscal crises that are reshaping the service and institutional structure of the US transit industry, These crises developed as coalitions of competing place-based activists sought to deploy transit investments as strategic weapons to gain location advantages, The history and politics of transit in the intensely competitive Los Angeles metropolitan area illuminate these dynamics, especially the continuing conflict between downtown Los Angeles and outlying business centers on the issues of rail rapid transit and the role of the regional bus transit agency. Privatization and institutional fragmentation, facilitated in Los Angeles by passage of a transit sales tax in 1980, are the strategies of choice for outlying business centers, just as region-wide agencies and radial rail rapid transit systems have been downtown initiatives.

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25

Morales, R. "The Los Angeles Automobile Industry in Historical Perspective." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 3 (1986): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040289.

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From the turn of the century to the present, industrial production has taken various forms from an initial craft orientation, to a period of ‘Fordism’ when industrialization was characteristically dominated by mass production, to the present when increasing numbers of sectors are adopting ‘flexible specialization’ techniques which incorporate aspects both of mass production and of the craft tradition. As a location with strong craft and mass production lineages, Los Angeles offers unusual insights for understanding developments in the industry. In this paper the evolution of both sides of the Los Angeles automobile industry is traced and its prospects for remaining a viable economic entity are discussed in the region in light of overarching trends.

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26

Wickramasekaran, Ranjana N., Lauren N. Gase, Gabrielle Green, Michelle Wood, and Tony Kuo. "Consumer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Sodium Intake and Reduction Strategies in Los Angeles County." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 14, no. 2 (2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v14i2.1873.

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Background and Purpose: In Los Angeles County, over 27% of the population has been diagnosed with hypertension and over 60% is considered overweight or obese. To help address the burden of hypertension and other diet-associated diseases, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health launched its sodium reduction initiative to scale sodium reduction approaches and, ultimately, reduce sodium intake in the region. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of consumer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to sodium consumption and reduction to inform ongoing program efforts. Methods: A cross-sectional Internet panel survey was administered from December 2014 to January 2015 to a panel of Los Angeles County adult residents (n=848). Results: Results suggest low levels of consumer knowledge of recommended daily sodium intake limits (5.9%), high levels of support for reduction of sodium in the food supply (>70%), and moderate levels of healthy behavior change (e.g., 48.1% reported determining their food purchases based on the sodium content, 56.3% reported watching their sodium intake). Conclusions: These findings support the continued need to work at multiple levels (consumer, food supplier/manufacturer, retail) to reduce sodium intake in Los Angeles County.

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27

Baer, W. C. "Housing in an Internationalizing Region: Housing Stock Dynamics in Southern California and the Dilemmas of Fair Share." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 4, no. 3 (1986): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d040337.

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The Los Angeles region is undergoing an unprecedented internationalization of its population. This trend is introducing a number of Third World characteristics into the region, not the least of which are extremes in housing wealth, overcrowding, and reghettoization of its urban cores. The region is also attempting to implement a fair-share housing effort to counteract this reghettoization. Analysis of the housing-stock dynamics in the region reveals inherent dilemmas in this effort. It also suggests the need to reconsider local government land-use and housing regulations.

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28

Hudda, N., K. Cheung, K. F. Moore, and C. Sioutas. "Inter-community variability in total particle number concentrations in the eastern Los Angeles air basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 6 (2010): 13901–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-13901-2010.

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Abstract. Ultrafine Particles (UFP) can display sharp gradients in their number concentrations in urban environment due to their transient nature and rapid atmospheric processing. The ability of using air pollution data generated at a central monitoring station to assess exposure relies on our understanding of the spatial variability of a specific pollutant associated with a region. High spatial variation in the concentrations of air pollutants has been reported at scales of 10s of km for areas affected by primary emissions. Spatial variability in particle number concentrations (PNC) and size distributions needs to be investigated, as the representativeness of a monitoring station in a region is premised on the assumption of homogeneity in both of these metrics. This study was conducted at seven sites, one in downtown Los Angeles and six located about 40–115 km downwind in the receptor areas of Los Angeles air basin. PNC and size distribution were measured using Condensation Particle Counters (CPC) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The seasonal and diurnal variations of PNC implied that PNC might vary significantly with meteorological conditions, even though the general patterns at the sites may remain generally similar across the year due to consistency of sources around them. Regionally transported particulate matter (PM) from upwind urban areas of Los Angeles lowered spatial variation by acting as a "homogenizing" factor during favorable meteorological conditions. Spatial variability also increased during hours of the day during which the effects of local sources predominated. The spatial variability associated with PNC (quantified using Coefficients of Divergence, CODs), averaged 0.3, which was generally lower than that based on specific size ranges. Results showed an inverse relationship of COD with particles size, with fairly uniform values in the particle range above 40–50 nm, which is associated with regional transport. Our results suggest that spatial variability, even in the receptor regions of Los Angeles Basin, should be assessed for both PNC and size distributions, and should be interpreted in context of seasonal and diurnal influences, and suitably factored if values for exposure are ascertained using a central monitoring station.

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29

Long, David E., Greg Hise, and William Deverell. "Eden by Design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew Plan for the Los Angeles Region." Western Historical Quarterly 33, no. 2 (2002): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4144825.

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Pincetl, Stephanie, Greg Hise, and Bill Deverell. "Eden by Design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew Plan for the Los Angeles Region." Environmental History 6, no. 2 (2001): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985100.

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31

Picus, Lawrence O., and Jimmy L. Bryan. "The Economic Impact of Public K-12 Education in the Los Angeles Region." Education and Urban Society 29, no. 4 (1997): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124597029004004.

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32

Walls, Christian, Thomas Rockwell, Karl Mueller, et al. "Escape tectonics in the Los Angeles metropolitan region and implications for seismic risk." Nature 394, no. 6691 (1998): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/28590.

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Dolan, J. F., K. Sieh, T. K. Rockwell, et al. "Prospects for Larger or More Frequent Earthquakes in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Region." Science 267, no. 5195 (1995): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5195.199.

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Khatamian, Houchang, and Alan Stevens. "355A COMPARISON OF REGIONAL CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR PACKAGING OF NURSERY STOCK." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 481f—482. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.481f.

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During the Spring of 1992 a survey of over 2000 respondants was conducted as personal interviews at Flower/Garden Shows in Atlanta, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Portland. When asked how the plants you buy are packaged? Nine percent of the Los Angeles (LA) sample said they purchased trees as balled and burlapped (B & B) while over 40% of the consumers from the other regions purchased trees as B & B. Over 40% of all respondents purchased shrubs in “container”. When asked how would you like to have landscape plants packaged? While only 31% of the LA sample chose to purchase trees as B & B, over 70% of the consumers from other regions preferred to buy in a B & B form. More than 50% of all respondents also preferred to purchase trees in “Container”. By a two to one margin consumers chose to purchase ornamental shrubs in “Container”. Regardless of the region of the country, “bare-root” and “plastic package” were least desired. About 1/2 of the respondents were couples, 80% owned their own homes, over 50% had an income of $25,000 to $75,000 and more than 75% did own plantings.

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Clayton, Robert W., Monica Kohler, Richard Guy, Julian Bunn, Thomas Heaton, and Mani Chandy. "CSN-LAUSD Network: A Dense Accelerometer Network in Los Angeles Schools." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 2A (2019): 622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190200.

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Abstract The Community Seismic Network-Los Angeles Unified School District is a network of 300 low-cost microelectromechanical systems accelerometers located in schools in the Los Angeles, California, region. They are capable of accurately recording strong motion up to ±2g and are sufficiently spatially dense that they provide unaliased measurements of strong motions up to 1 Hz following a major earthquake. They are used to provide state-of-health monitoring for the schools and surrounding communities to guide the emergency response. As a research tool, they can be used to provide estimates of the site response at the schools and, therefore, provide a much denser set of site responses for ground-motion prediction than is currently available.

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36

Stringfellow, Kim. "Owens Valley and the Aqueduct." Boom 3, no. 3 (2013): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2013.3.3.50.

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This timeline details the economic, social, and environmental impact that the Los Angeles Aqueduct had on the Owens Valley. It begins in the 19th century with the Paiute who lived in the valley, and covers local opposition to the aqueduct and attempts to sabotage it in the 1920s, controversial land sales, depletion of the valley water table, dust at the dry Owens Lake bed, the impact of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power on the region, the second aqueduct and Mono Lake, the 1991 long-term water agreement, and mitigation efforts including dust control at Owens Lake and the Lower Owens River Project. The material is drawn from Stringfellow's There It Is—Take It! project.

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Bae, C.-H. C. "The Equity Impacts of Los Angeles' Air Quality Policies." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 9 (1997): 1563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a291563.

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This research questions whether the imposition of federal clean-air standards in the Los Angeles metropolitan region will improve income equality. In the paper an attempt is made to measure the gains (health benefits, capitalized home price increases, visibility benefits) and losses [unemployment risks, price increases (including rents), and tax impacts] to mean-income households across communities and to households of different income groups within the communities for which sufficiently disaggregated data are available. The net welfare gains are substantial for households living in low-income (typically polluted) cities and for the less well-off households living in most cities. Thus the Los Angeles case generates substantial pro-poor benefits from air quality improvement. This finding could be an important ingredient in public discussions to strengthen community support for the Clean Air Act.

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Cordeiro, Danilo Pacheco. "First record to Brazil of one genera and seven species of Psychodidae (Diptera) with further new records for 10 countries on the Neotropics." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (January 31, 2020): e20206002. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.02.

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With a big territory and variety of biomes, Brazil is one of the most diverse countries in the World, with insects massively contributing to this diversity. Although presenting impressive numbers, many groups are poorly known concerning their diversity and distribution. Also, the knowledge of the species diversity is very heterogeneous when comparing Brazilian states and regions. With a recent review of part of Lawrence Quate’s collection deposited at Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, more than 70 new geographical records for Psychodidae species were found on the Neotropics, including one genera (Eurygarka) and seven species first recorded to Brazil. The complete known distribution of these species was compiled and is presented along with new records for other 11 countries of the Neotropical region. On the Brazilian territory, most of the new records are for the state of Rondônia, on the northern region, followed by Minas Gerais, on the southeastern region.

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Chowkwanyun, Merlin. "Two Cheers for Air Pollution Control: Triumphs and Limits of the Mid-Century Fight for Air Quality." Public Health Reports 134, no. 3 (2019): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919834598.

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This article analyzes the early years of 20th-century air pollution control in Los Angeles. In both scholarship and public memory, mid-century efforts at the regional level were overshadowed by major federal developments, namely the Clean Air Act and creation of the US Environmental Protection Agency in 1970. Yet the mid-century local experience was highly consequential and presaged many subsequent challenges that persist today. The article begins with an exploration of the existential, on-the-ground misery of smog in Los Angeles during the 1940s and 1950s. The article examines the role that scientific evidence on smog did and did not play in regulation, the reasons smog control galvanized support across various constituencies in the region, and, finally, some of mid-century air pollution’s limits.

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Engstrom, Wayne N. "The California Storm of January 1862." Quaternary Research 46, no. 2 (1996): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.0054.

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The greatest storm in the written history of California struck the region in the winter of 1861–1862. The unusual weather began on Christmas Eve, 1861, and persisted for some 45 days as a series of middle-latitude cyclones made landfall along the California coast. Episodes of very cold and very warm temperatures occurred both during the storm and in the spring of 1862 as meridional flow prevailed. Heavy precipitation swelled the Santa Ana River to more than triple the highest estimated discharge in this century. High water levels in coastal streams between Los Angeles and San Diego persisted into the spring. Lakes were created in the Los Angeles Basin and the Mojave Desert. Arroyos were cut. Sediments from the flood may be preserved in offshore basins.

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Teng, Ganyu, and Jack Baker. "Evaluation of SCEC CyberShake Ground Motions for Engineering Practice." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 3 (2019): 1311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/100918eqs230m.

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This paper evaluates CyberShake (version 15.12) ground motions for potential application to high-rise building design in the Los Angeles region by comparing them against recordings from past earthquakes as well as empirical models. We consider two selected sites in the Los Angeles region with different underlying soil conditions and select comparable suites of ground motion records from CyberShake and the NGA-West2 database according to the ASCE 7-16 requirements. Major observations include (1) selected ground motions from CyberShake and NGA-West2 share similar features, in terms of response spectra and polarization; (2) when selecting records from Cyber-Shake, it is easy to select motions with sources that match the hazard deaggregation; (3) CyberShake durations on soil are consistent with the empirical models considered, whereas durations on rock are slightly shorter; (4) occasional excessive polarization in ground motion is produced by San Andreas fault ruptures, though those records are usually excluded after the ground motion selection. Results from this study suggest that CyberShake ground motions are a suitable and promising source of ground motions for engineering evaluations.

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Wald, L. A. "Evaluation of Methods for Estimating Linear Site-Response Amplifications in the Los Angeles Region." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 90, no. 6B (2000): S32—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0119970170.

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Hough, S. E. "Earthquakes in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Region: A Possible Fractal Distribution of Rupture Size." Science 267, no. 5195 (1995): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5195.211.

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Viatte, Camille, Thomas Lauvaux, Jacob K. Hedelius, et al. "Methane emissions from dairies in the Los Angeles Basin." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 12 (2017): 7509–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7509-2017.

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Abstract. We estimate the amount of methane (CH4) emitted by the largest dairies in the southern California region by combining measurements from four mobile solar-viewing ground-based spectrometers (EM27/SUN), in situ isotopic 13∕12CH4 measurements from a CRDS analyzer (Picarro), and a high-resolution atmospheric transport simulation with a Weather Research and Forecasting model in large-eddy simulation mode (WRF-LES). The remote sensing spectrometers measure the total column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CH4 and CO2 (XCH4 and XCO2) in the near infrared region, providing information on total emissions of the dairies at Chino. Differences measured between the four EM27/SUN ranged from 0.2 to 22 ppb (part per billion) and from 0.7 to 3 ppm (part per million) for XCH4 and XCO2, respectively. To assess the fluxes of the dairies, these differential measurements are used in conjunction with the local atmospheric dynamics from wind measurements at two local airports and from the WRF-LES simulations at 111 m resolution. Our top-down CH4 emissions derived using the Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) observations of 1.4 to 4.8 ppt s−1 are in the low end of previous top-down estimates, consistent with reductions of the dairy farms and urbanization in the domain. However, the wide range of inferred fluxes points to the challenges posed by the heterogeneity of the sources and meteorology. Inverse modeling from WRF-LES is utilized to resolve the spatial distribution of CH4 emissions in the domain. Both the model and the measurements indicate heterogeneous emissions, with contributions from anthropogenic and biogenic sources at Chino. A Bayesian inversion and a Monte Carlo approach are used to provide the CH4 emissions of 2.2 to 3.5 ppt s−1 at Chino.

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Lutter, William J., Gary S. Fuis, Clifford H. Thurber, and Janice Murphy. "Tomographic images of the upper crust from the Los Angeles basin to the Mojave Desert, California: Results from the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 104, B11 (1999): 25543–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900188.

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Kane, Kevin, John R. Hipp, and Jae Hong Kim. "Los Angeles employment concentration in the 21st century." Urban Studies 55, no. 4 (2016): 844–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016678341.

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This paper is an empirical analysis of employment centres in the Los Angeles region from 1997 to 2014. Most extant work on employment centres focuses on identification methodology or their dynamics during a period of industrial restructuring from 1980 to 2000. We analyse employment centres using point-based, rather than census tract-based employment data and a non-parametric identification method with a single concept of proximity. We focus on changes across five key industries: knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), retail, creative, industrial and high-tech, emphasising changes in centre composition as well as their boundaries. Results show far greater change across centres than previous longitudinal studies. Only 43% of the land area that is in an employment centre is part of one in both 1997 and 2014. Using a persistence score, centres range from stable to highly fluctuating, but emerging, persisting and dying centres are found in core and fringe areas alike. KIBS are most associated with stable centres, while high tech employment is attracted toward emerging areas and retail exists throughout. Emerging centres are more likely to have greater accessibility, while industrial employment becomes far more concentrated in centres by 2014.

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Carnevale, Giorgio, Theodore W. Pietsch, Gary T. Takeuchi, and Richard W. Huddleston. "Fossil ceratioid anglerfishes (Teleostei: Lophiiformes) from the Miocene of the Los Angeles Basin, California." Journal of Paleontology 82, no. 5 (2008): 996–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/07-113.1.

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Fossil ceratioid anglerfishes are described from the Upper Miocene (upper Mohnian) deposits of the Puente Formation, Los Angeles Basin, California. The specimens were collected from the laminated turbiditic deposits of the Yorba Member in the eastern sector of the Los Angeles Basin during the construction of a new metro rail line. Five taxa (Borophryne cf. apogon; Chaenophryne aff. melanorhabdus; Leptacanthichthys cf. gracilispinis; Linophryne cf. indica; Oneirodes sp.) belonging to two families, Linophrynidae and Oneirodidae, are described based on nine metamorphosed females. A detailed osteological analysis of the fossils has revealed that they can be tentatively assigned to extant species, suggesting that little or no relevant morphological change has characterized these taxa at least since the Late Miocene. Biogeographic considerations suggest that the Late Miocene ceratioid assemblages of the Los Angeles Basin are strikingly similar to those that currently inhabit the tropical and subtropical eastern Pacific region. From a paleoenvironmental point of view, the excellent preservation of the specimens suggests a reduced turbulence and velocity of the turbidity fluxes. Finally, the comparative study of the bathymetric ranges of the ceratioid taxa recognized in the fossil assemblage described in this paper suggests that the minimum depth of the depositional environment might be estimated at approximately 1,000 m.

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Sabin, Lisa D., Jeong Hee Lim, Keith D. Stolzenbach, and Kenneth C. Schiff. "ATMOSPHERIC DRY DEPOSITION OF TRACE METALS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, USA." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25, no. 9 (2006): 2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-300r.1.

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Jerrett, Michael, Cooper Hanning, Jason Su, and Jennifer Wolch. "Safe Routes To Play? Pedestrian And Bicyclist Crashes Near Parks In The Los Angeles Region." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2015, no. 1 (2015): 3619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2015.2015-3619.

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Song, Shunfeng. "Does generalizing density functions better explain urban commuting? Some evidence from the Los Angeles region." Applied Economics Letters 2, no. 5 (1995): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135048595357483.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Los Angeles Region'

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