Journal articles on the topic 'Los Angeles star'

All Summer Olympics articles from The New York Times and The Los Angeles Times newspapers were analyzed (August 14–30, 2004). Column inches, placement (front, front of sports page, or inside sports section), focus (male/female star or team), and media regard (number of quotes, speaker) differed by gender. Articles on female athletes were more often placed inside the sports section as opposed to the front pages of the newspaper or the sports section. Articles on male athletes focused on a male star or team; however, articles on female athletes were significantly more likely to focus on the team and not the female star. Men were quoted more than expected based on the number of male athletes. Men were more quoted even in articles focused on female athletes.

“Talent attracts talent” — Jay Elliot and William L. Simon Authors of textbook The Steve Jobs Way Whether you are from the field of periodontics, trying to develop new flap techniques around implants, prosthodontics, or oral and maxillofacial surgery, you can definitely see state of the art chapters by Dr. Todd R. Schoenbaum in Newman & Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology (13th edition, 2018) [1]. Todd R. Schoenbaum, DDS, FACD is a highly experienced Associate Clinical Professor at the famous University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) moves extremely fast bringing implant dentistry to new high levels of aesthetics and function. And what happens when a star starts to shine brightly? He starts to attract other stars. The 25 authors who are representing 11 countries and 10 world class universities contributed to Implants in the Aesthetic Zone: A Guide for Treatment of the Partially Edentulous Patient. Textbook consists of sixteen Chapters, six of which, are precisely focused on the surgical aspects. In summary, it`s a great pleasure to recommend such masterpiece to everyone who is interested in improving their implant treatment with aesthetics, predictability, and function.

Background: Large and massive rotator cuff repairs constitute a true challenge for arthroscopic shoulder surgeons. Retear rates as high as 20% have been reported after arthroscopic double-row and suture-bridge techniques used for these tears. Hypothesis: A modified triple-row repair will provide satisfactory clinical results with lower risk for retear. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between March 2016 and August 2017, a total of 52 patients with large and massive rotator cuff tears received a modified triple-row cuff repair. A middle repositioning anchor was inserted between the medial and the lateral rows. The middle anchor sutures were loaded to lateral knotless anchors in a star-shaped configuration. Functional evaluation was performed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, University of California, Los Angeles score, Constant-Murley score, and Simple Shoulder Test. Subjective evaluation was carried out using a visual analog scale for pain and a subjective shoulder value score. Health-related as well as disease-specific quality-of-life scores were also used. Retear rates were assessed by means of musculoskeletal ultrasonography. Patients were evaluated for a minimum of 24 months. Results: This study included 34 female and 18 male patients with a mean age of 57.17 ± 6.7 years. There were 35 patients (67.3%) with large tears and 17 patients (32.7%) with massive tears. Significant improvement from preoperative values was seen in all functional and subjective scores ( P < .001). The mean forward flexion was 163° ± 9.7°, and the mean lateral abduction was 159.4° ± 9.4°. All patients had excellent scores on the general health-related and disease-specific quality-of-life scales. No retears were reported at the end of the follow-up period. Conclusion: The star-shaped, modified triple-row cuff repair is a valid and effective solution for surgical management of large and massive rotator cuff tears, providing excellent results and low risk for retears.

In the United States, 1.4 million nursing home residents have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic with at least 25,923 resident and 449 staff deaths reported from the virus by June 1, 2020. The majority of residents have chronic illnesses and conditions and are vulnerable to infections and many share rooms and have congregate meals. There was evidence of inadequate registered nurse (RN) staffing levels and infection control procedures in many nursing homes prior to the outbreak of the virus. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of nurse staffing in California nursing homes and compare homes with and without COVID-19 residents. Study data were from both the California and Los Angeles Departments of Public Health and as well as news organizations on nursing homes reporting COVID-19 infections between March and May 4, 2020. Results indicate that nursing homes with total RN staffing levels under the recommended minimum standard (0.75 hours per resident day) had a two times greater probability of having COVID-19 resident infections. Nursing homes with lower Medicare five-star ratings on total nurse and RN staffing levels (adjusted for acuity), higher total health deficiencies, and more beds had a higher probability of having COVID-19 residents. Nursing homes with low RN and total staffing levels appear to leave residents vulnerable to COVID-19 infections. Establishing minimum staffing standards at the federal and state levels could prevent this in the future.

Between 1900 and 1930, Los Angeles attracted thousands of white and black migrants from the Midwest and the South. Many had attachments to Protestant churches. But they also arrived with commitments to Freemasonry, Spiritualism, and social reform causes. This paper argues that these religionists in Los Angeles covered a broad spectrum of faiths, including Free Thought, innovative versions of Protestantism, and Freemasonry, and that traditional accounts of religion in the city have ignored these aspects of religious life and civic engagement. As World War I ushered in conservatism in every aspect of public life, the Los Angeles Times, the City Council, and the Protestant churches combined in an effort to squash these challenges to orthodoxy. In profiling two prominent Spiritualists, African American George W. Shields and white midwesterner Cynthia Lisetta Vose, this article illustrates the wide ranging civil and religious engagement of two committed Spiritualists. By the end of the 1920s, the fragmentation of Los Angeles neighborhoods and the growing racism of the city had nearly destroyed what had been a vigorous religion and a thriving commitment to progressive reform. Segregated white women's clubs and Freemasonry organizations turned the worship of California into a replacement for older forms of religious practice and civic engagement.

The husband and wife acting duo, Michael Denison and Dulcie Gray, achieved popular acclaim in British cinema during the 1940s, Gray in They Were Sisters (1945) and Denison in My Brother Jonathan (1948). Following the success of My Brother Jonathan (in which Gray also appeared), the couple's star status was soon cemented by roles together on screen, including notably The Glass Mountain (1949), The Franchise Affair (1951), Angels One Five (1952) and There Was a Young Lady (1953). As a result of these roles in popular films and images of the couple in extra-cinematic culture, a picture of cosy, domestic consensus became irrevocably associated with Denison and Gray's status as British film stars, much to Denison's later chagrin.Rachael Low's History of the British Film suggests that British actors and actresses have not been deemed worthy of the glamorous connotations of star status because they are ‘somewhat homely in comparison with legendary international figures’ (1971: 263). In this period, the Denisons’ star image was characterised by the ‘homely’: by a vision of their domestic life together as at once aspirational, ordinary and English. However, this article argues that their stardom can be resituated as a postwar reformulation of modes linking British stars with ideas surrounding domestic modernity in the middlebrow culture of the interwar years. Therefore, Low's label of homeliness can be redefined as a key characteristic of the distinction, promotion and reception of popular British stardom in the immediate postwar period.

This paper presents the results of two years of research (2018-2019) of the most important phonological phases of seasonal growth and development, biometric parameters, productivity and economic efficiency of new varieties of Chinese plum (P. salicina Lindl.) grown in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus in the Krymsk district of Krasnodar territory on a plot of the Krymsk experimental breeding station – branch of VIR. As a result of research, the varieties Angeleno, Black Star, Byron Gold, Black Amber, Larry Ann and Sun Gold were recommended for cultivation using intensive technologies.

This article analyzes the decline of one of the best well-known and promising European start-ups: Mosaic on L. t. d. The business case is emblematic of many bankruptcies caused by strategies focusing on the expectations of continuous growth of economic capital and based on unconventional performance indicators, without considering the economic-financial results and self-financing. The expectations of return on capital are extremely high and this forces one to undertake risky growth paths with very high expected return rates. This also happens in the absence of an advanced and effective capital market. Venture capitalists, even when they are public, cannot compensate for these excesses. The analysis of the case contributes to the debate on the complex topic of assessing the potentiality of start-ups and it provides useful suggestions to operators (venture capitalists, business angels, start uppers, investors, etc.) for greater prudence in considering the non-financial performance indicators. Start-ups do not produce economic results in the early stage, so they may also be valued by using non-financial metrics. However, unconventional indicators cannot be the only parameters for evaluating. When the firm is a start-up without meaningful financial information, it is more appropriate to refer to a reliable business plan drawn up on rigorous estimates of expected incomes and cash flows. Keywords: Venture capital, Start-up, Default, Performance indicators, Business case.

For your consideration, two fragments of Twilit history (as Rod Serling might have put it), a dimension as time-stung as eternity, unnerving as a grating laugh at three in the dark chilly morning.
 One: In 1946, a would-be suicide named George B. J. Stewart attracted the interest of a beefy, bearded wingless angel named Santa Claus, and discovered how to shift into mirror universes. The post-Second World War US Congress quickly established a research center to contact other angels, especially those with working wings, and subsidized the program until 1974, when President Nixon’s resignation caused funding to dry up. Despite top-secret classification masking the CLARENCE program, Stewart is rumored to be alive and still active at the North Pole at the age of 111.
 Two: In 1972, three Scientologists and the brother in law of the third best chess grandmaster in history were invited by the US military to launch what would become a $19.933 million program devoted to psychic powers. The initial emphasis was operational, with trained clairvoyants casting their attention into far lands and even the future. Many branches of the intelligence community sought specific double- or triple-blind tasking, alarmed by rumors that the Soviets were making advances in this domain. Despite popular rumors, CIA were not heavily involved; the major funder was DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency). Along with NASA, DARPA, US Army Medical Research and Development Command, Foreign Technology Division and others, DIA repeatedly contracted this espionage methodology.
 Which, if either, of these ludicrous accounts is true? Well, it turns out that CLARENCE is merely a tall story (one I just concocted). By contrast, military research programs into psychic phenomena became public after long-hidden secret documents surfaced. Most recently, four immense volumes have been published by McFarland—dubbed collectively The Star Gate Archives—providing an opportunity to track government-funded scientific research into psi (purported mental abilities able to reach beyond limits established by canonical sciences). Despite those limits, for two decades the science edge of the program was situated on the West Coast at Stanford Research Institute (SRI) and then Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). A 2017 summary paper states: “In July 1972, Russell Targ, as principal investigator, submitted a grant application on Research on Techniques to Enhance Extraordinary Human Perception to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, with Dr. Harold Puthoff as co-investigator. This started the SRI program in psi research, which eventually closed in 1995 at SAIC.”[1] Its two most effective founding viewers were Ingo Swann and Pat Price, now deceased, both devotees of L. Ron Hubbard’s cult.
 For internal-security reasons, the success or failure of individual efforts were rarely revealed. But since the psi operatives were sometimes called back for further clandestine tasking, it seems evident that the results were often sufficiently effective and accurate in support of more conventional intelligence activities. There’s ample evidence for this in the various volumes.
 
 
 [1] https://www.academia.edu/38006378/THE_STAR_GATE_ARCHIVES_REPORTS_OF_THE_US_GOVERNMENT_SPONSORED_PSI_PROGRAM_1972-1995._AN_OVERVIEW
 

Przyczynkiem do napisania niniejszego artykułu było wygenerowanie w dniu 23 grudnia 2013 r. przez algorytm (o nazwie „Quakebot”) napisany w języku programowania przez dziennikarza „Los Angeles Times” Kena Schwencke`a informacji prasowej o trzęsieniu ziemi, które zostało zarejestrowane w tymże dniu pięć mil od Westwood (stan California, USA). Informacja ta została sporządzona w oparciu o komunikat USGS Earthquake Notification Service, zamieszczony na rządowej stronie internetowej. W artykule sformułowano pogląd, że osobisty charakter świadczenia pracy w ramach stosunku pracy nie wyklucza możliwości powstania utworu pracowniczego z wykorzystaniem AI (Artificial Intelligence). Ponadto stwierdzono, że utwór pracowniczy nie traci swego charakteru prawnego nawet jeśli powstał z wykorzystaniem informacji sektora publicznego, jak również, że dopuszczalne jest ponowne wykorzystanie informacji sektora publicznego w celach komercyjnych, uzyskanych za pośrednictwem AI (Artificial Intelligence).

Neste artigo, analisamos a importância da cidade de Stars Hollow na experiência de consumo da série televisiva Gilmore Girls a partir de duas premissas. A primeira é que a pequena cidade fictícia localizada no estado de Connecticut se configura como uma importante personagem da história. Além disso, argumentamos que Stars Hollow não é limitada pela estrutura narrativa da produção, transbordando para além da tela, através das locações da série, situadas nos estúdios da Warner Bros. em Los Angeles, na Califórnia. Aberto para visitação do público, esse espaço real constitui uma parte importante do relacionamento dos fãs com esse produto cultural, a partir da ideia de “consumo da experiência” (PEREIRA et al, 2015). Para comprovar nosso argumento, realizamos uma pesquisa de inspiração etnográfica tanto nas locações citadas como nos sites de redes sociais dedicados à série, em especial no Instagram.

<p>The purpose of this study was to find out and describe the application of the BCM method in learning the value of Islamic education in RA Masythoh Andongsili Wonosobo. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection is done using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. Data collection is done by digging data sources, namely the Head of RA and RA teacher, as well as direct observation of the process of applying the BCM method in learning the value of Islamic education in RA Masythoh Andongsili Wonosobo. The results of the study showed: 1. The playing method used in learning the value of Islamic education through the game of Children Sholeh, Pat the Pillars of Islam, Pat the Pillars of Faith, and Pat the Angels. As well as guessing images of God's creations that are on earth and in the sky. 2. Method The story used in learning the value of Islamic education is the story of the Noble Traits of the Apostle of Allah, and the story of the Tasks of the Angel Roqib and the Angel of Atid. 3. The singing method used in learning the value of Islamic education is by eating adab songs, songs of Allah Almighty, Little Star songs, Rainbow songs, Kitab Allah songs, Lord Esa songs, and the songs of 10 Angels of Allah.</p>

According to the schemata normally used by critics, jazz ceased to be ‘popular music’ with the arrival of bebop in the mid-1940s. While this statement has some truth to it, it also requires a good deal of qualification. Like blues, jazz remained economically viable in black neighbourhoods until driven out by the slicker pop sounds of the late 1960s. That jazz (with the exception of the ‘cool’ style played by Stan Getz, Gerry Mulligan, etc.) had a primarily black audience is confirmed by Joe Fields, currently with Muse Records and formerly employed by Prestige and Columbia:Our records sold to some white college kids, but our sales (at Prestige) were overwhelmingly to blacks – not just tenor and organ stuff but hard bop too. That's why what we sold in Boston was nothing compared to Chicago, Detroit, St Louis, Cleveland … Our sales in Los Angeles were much better than in San Francisco.

The first page of the invisible creation changed at the dawn of its beginnings. The crisis of authenticity has disfigured Lucifer (the opposite of existential transfiguration), the genius of shadowing light behind the wall of darkness. The fall brought, to the angelic order „foresitter”, the forever loss of its genuine state as virtuous angel. In other words, the guardian cherubim of the celestial armies wished to install an eschatology of disorder and evil in God's creation. In fact, the „morning star of dawn” had in mind to draw „a new heaven and a new earth” where evil, dismantling and chaos were supposed to be the governing laws. His wrong understanding of beings' personal freedom will bring the scaffold of his self-petrification.

Auf Sumatra wurden in den letzten beiden Jahrzenten viele Nutzholzplantagen für die Zellstoff- und Papierproduktion angelegt. Große Flächen des tropischen Regenwaldes wurden dafür gerodet. Javaneraffen fallen nun in großen Gruppen in Akazienmonokulturen ein, um sich statt von Waldfrüchten von Blättern und Rinde der Akazien zu ernähren. Von Affen geschälte Akazien werden von Pilzen befallen und sterben ab. Da der große Holzbedarf der Konzerne wegen dieser Verluste weniger stark aus Plantagen gedeckt werden kann, besteht die Gefahr, dass vermehrt im Regenwald Holz geschlagen wird.

AbstractZoning codes dramatically impact every community they touch. Ostensibly, these ordinances are meant to impose some collectively determined order on our built environments. In practice, they often draw lines in the sand that distribute power unevenly between residents. As home to the U.S.’ second largest homeless population, Los Angeles is but a stark example of the widespread housing crisis hitting many cities around the globe. In the 1970s, this is where the city drew borders around its Skid Row and consolidated social services in a bid to contain homelessness within the region’s urban core. As part of a an ambitious initiative launched in 2013, the city is now updating the zoning codes across its downtown area, a move that is prompting a vigorous debate over the role of municipal ordinances in codifying market-driven approaches to neighborhood revitalization. This interview engages with the Janus face of borders as inclusionary and exclusionary, asking: through what mechanisms – subtle and overt – do zoning codes dictate the shape of our private and communal spaces? And how can communities stake out their turf among competing value systems?

The antifungal potentials of some medicinal plant leaf extracts have been established against fungal diseases. This research work was conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous plant leaf extracts of five plants: Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera), Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Thorn Apple/Angel's trumpet (Datura metel), Aleo plant (Aleo vera) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata)) at different concentration (25, 50, and 100%) against rice blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) in-vitro and in-vivo. The research work was laid out in a split-split plot arrangement using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected for disease severity, disease incidence, number of tillers per plant, number of filled grains, the weight of 1000 grains, and panicle weight. The data collected were analyzed using IRRI STAR software (IRRI, 1979). Percentage inhibition was significantly higher at higher concentrations for all the aqueous plant extracts as compared to lower concentrations. The field trial result shows that there were significant differences among all the studied traits though at different levels for all the sources of variation. The leaf plant aqueous extracts at all the varied concentrations reduced the rate of disease severity and incidence while the number of tillers per plant, the number of filled grains, the weight of 1000 seeds, and panicle weight increased compared to control. The result revealed that Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) is the most efficient in combating rice blast disease followed by Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Thorn Apple/Angel's trumpet (Datura metel), Aleo plant (Aleo vera), and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) in that other. These aqueous plant extracts can be used to manage rice blast disease at a low cost and it is ecofriendly compare to chemical fungicides.
 Keywords: Disease severity, Magnaporthe oryzae, Medicinal plants, Plant extracts, Rice

To identify genetic loci for severe diabetic retinopathy, 286 Mexican-Americans with type 2 diabetes from Starr County, Texas, completed physical examinations including fundus photography for diabetic retinopathy grading. Individuals with moderate-to-severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy were defined as cases. Direct genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100 K Set, and SNPs passing quality control criteria were used to impute markers available in HapMap Phase III Mexican population (MXL) in Los Angeles, California. Two directly genotyped markers were associated with severe diabetic retinopathy at aP-value less than .0001: SNP rs2300782 (P=6.04×10−5) mapped to an intron region of CAMK4 (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV) on chromosome 5, and SNP rs10519765 (P=6.21×10−5) on chromosomal 15q13 in the FMN1 (formin 1) gene. Using well-imputed markers based on the HapMap III Mexican population, we identified an additional 32 SNPs located in 11 chromosomal regions with nominal association with severe diabetic retinopathy atP-value less than .0001. None of these markers were located in traditional candidate genes for diabetic retinopathy or diabetes itself. However, these signals implicate genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and cell adhesion for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Konsequenzen des PSPP-Urteils für das Kooperationsverhältnis zwischen dem BVerfG und dem EuGH. Dabei wird für eine nüchternere Perspektive statt martialischer Zuspitzungen und gegen einseitige Schuldzuweisungen plädiert. Vielmehr sind wechselseitige Kooperation und Konfrontation in der netzwerkartigen Struktur der Gerichtsbeziehung angelegt. Deshalb markiert das Urteil zwar eine Krise, aber noch nicht das Ende des „Kooperationsverhältnisses“. Die Vorstellung, der Gerichtskonflikt lasse sich nur durch Dritte lösen, sei es in Form eines Vertragsverletzungsverfahrens, sei es durch eine spezielle Gerichtskammer für Kompetenzkonflikte, unterschätzt die fein ausbalancierte Funktionsweise des Gerichtsdialogs und birgt ein bedenkliches Eskalationspotenzial. Der Impuls, die Wiederherstellung der europäischen Rechtseinheit trotz grundlegendem Dissens rechtlich zu erzwingen, kann den Gerichtskonflikt auch eskalieren und eine Lösung zusätzlich erschweren. The article analyzes the consequences of the PSPP ruling for the cooperative relationship between the German Constitutional Court and the European Court of Justice. It argues for a sober perspective instead of martial exaggerations and against apportioning one-sided blame. Rather, reciprocal cooperation and confrontation are inherent in the network structure of the judicial relationship. Although the ruling creates a crisis, it does not yet mark the end of the “cooperative relationship”. The idea that the judicial conflict can only be resolved by third parties, whether in the form of infringement proceedings or by a Mixed Grand Chamber for the delimitation of EU competences, underestimates the delicately balanced functioning of the judicial dialogue and harbors a worrying potential for escalation. The impulse to legally enforce the restoration of European legal unity despite fundamental dissent may end up escalating the judicial conflict and making a solution even more difficult.

Das Phänomen Liebe nicht - wie im Alltagsgebrauch - als substantielle Entität, sondern als kommunikativ erzeugte Lebenswirklichkeit zu begteifen, ist Ziel der Untersuchung gewesen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine vergleichende Fallstudie zum Liebeskonzept brasilianischer und deutscher Studenten durchgeführt. Theoretische Grundlage der Untersuchung bildete ein im weitesten Sinne konstruktivistisches Verständnis von Kommunikation als wirklichkeitserzeugendem Verhaltensbereich. In einer theoretischen Einführung wurde der Wirklichkeitsbereich Liebe unter Einbeziehung des jeweiligen historisch-kulturellen Hintergrundes fokussiert. Die methodische Vorgehensweise bei der Durchführung der Studie war schließlich überwiegend qualitativ angelegt, um das für den Einzelnen tatsächlich relevante Begriffsinventar ermitteln zu können. In der Auswertung sind dann die Unterschiede im Hinblick auf die Internalisierung eines Liebesideals, die Strukturen der Beziehungswirklichkeit, ihre sprachliche Handhabung, die Verhaltenskoordination, die Funktion von Beziehungen sowie die Folgen für die Kommunikationspraxis herausgestellt worden. Es zeigte sich, dass Liebesbeziehungen unter deutschen Studenten stark vom romantischen Liebesideal geprägt sind, unter brasilianischen Studenten dagegen am ehesten dem passionierten Liebesiedel entsprechen.

AbstractA typical first stab at explicating the thesis of physicalism is this: physicalism is true iff every fact about the world is entailed by the conjunction of physical facts. The same holds, mutatis mutandis, for other hypotheses about the fundamental nature of our world. But it has been recognized that this would leave such hypotheses without the fighting chance that they deserve: certain negative truths, like the truth (if it is one) that there are no angels, are not entailed by the physical facts, but nonetheless do not threaten physicalism. A plausible remedy that has been suggested by Jackson and Chalmers is that physicalism boils down to the thesis that every truth is entailed by the conjunction of the physical facts prefixed by a “that’s it” or “totality” operator. To evaluate this suggestion, we need to know what that operator means, and—since the truth of physicalism hinges on what is entailed by a totality claim—what its logic is. That is, we need to understand the logic of totality, or total logic. In this paper, I add a totality operator to the language of propositional logic and present a model theory for it, building on a suggestion by Chalmers and Jackson. I then prove determination results for a number of different systems.

In 1994, Bickell et al. published a prospective study recommending restricting prehospital intravenous fluids (IVF) to less than 100 cc in patients with penetrating truncal injuries and field hypotension, reporting a 30 per cent mortality with IVF restriction and a 38 per cent mortality with liberal IVF use. However, since this study, few papers have investigated whether emergency medical systems (EMS) adhere to these IVF guidelines. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a policy of IVF restriction is being followed and whether the volume of prehospital and emergency department (ED) IVF affects outcome in patients with penetrating truncal injury and field hypotension at a Level I trauma center in Los Angeles County. A retrospective analysis of a trauma database from 1998 to 2005 of all patients with penetrating truncal injury and field hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg) was performed. Multiple variables, including originating EMS agency, mechanism of injury, transport time, Injury Severity Score, field and ED vital signs, and IVF volume infused, complications, and mortality were compared. One hundred ninety-four patients with a median age of 26 years with penetrating truncal injury and field hypotension were analyzed. The most common mechanisms of injury were gunshot (73%) and stab (22%) wounds. The median field systolic blood pressure was 80 mm Hg. The median transport time was 11 minutes. The median prehospital IVF was 500 cc with only 25 per cent receiving less than 100 cc of IVF. There were no differences in the amount of IVF administered by the degree of field hypotension or by originating EMS agency. Median ED IVF was 1000 cc. The overall mortality rate was 25 per cent. When a comparison was made of those receiving less than 100 cc prehospital IVF in comparison to those receiving greater than 100 cc, there were no differences detected with respect to median age, systolic blood pressure, Injury Severity Score, transport time, or morbidity rate. The mortality rate was 21 per cent in the group that received greater than 100 cc of IVF in comparison to a 37 per cent mortality rate in the group that received less than 100 cc IVF ( P = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for Trauma Injury Severity Score, there were no differences in survival by the amount of prehospital or ED IVF administered. It appears that the recommendations of IVF restriction for patients with penetrating truncal injuries and field hypotension are not being followed by Los Angeles County EMS. There were no differences in survival with respect to the amount of prehospital or ED IVF. Given the retrospective nature of this study, further investigation is needed to define the role of prehospital IVF resuscitation in these patients.

Abstract Early late-life deficits in physical functioning are highly relevant among women, who experience a more rapid decline in physical functioning vs. age-matched men. Trends showing an increasing prevalence of disability among mid-life adults, with an evolving understanding that late life health and functioning is the product of exposures accumulated across ones life, suggests an urgent need to understand the causes and consequences of functional limitations at the transition between mid- to late-life. The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is an observational multi-racial/ethnic (White, Black, Chinese, Japanese, Hispanic) longitudinal study of 3,302 women recruited in 1996 from 7 U.S. clinical sites; Boston, Chicago, Detroit-area, Los Angeles, Newark (NJ), Oakland (CA), and Pittsburgh. Over the past 23 years, women have participated in up to 16 near-annual study visits, spanning from mid-life (age 42-52 years at baseline) to late life (age 65-73 years at follow-up visit 15). Retention at the most recently completed in-person visit (2015) was 74%. This symposium identifies mid-life risk factors for poor late-life performance-based physical functioning among women, including race/ethnicity (Sternfeld) and chronic health conditions (Lange-Maia). Further, early late-life decrements in stair climb time and muscle power (Strotmeyer) and falls and fall injuries (Ylitalo) were observed with key factors identified. The Discussant will examine implications for life course epidemiology in advancing our understanding of predictors of late-life physical functioning. Consideration of functioning during the transition from mid-life to late life is critical to target interventions that are most efficacious in promoting late life health and function.

ZusammenfassungDer retromalleoläre Raum ist von der chronischen venösen Insuffizienz oft besonders stark betroffen. Aufgrund seiner konkaven Form wird er von der Kompressionstherapie weitgehend ausgespart. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, den Andruck von Kompressionsverbänden im retromalleolären Raum mit und ohne Pelotte zu untersuchen. ,Methode: Bei zehn gesunden Probanden wurde am rechten Unterschenkel ein Kompressionsverband mit 40 mmHg Ruheandruck angelegt. Zur Messung des Andrucks wurde der Oxford-Pressure-Monitor MK II verwendet. Der Ruheandruck wurde an zwei Messpunkten, nämlich medial und lateral supramalleolär, kontrolliert. Gleichzeitig wurde der Ruhedruck medial und lateral retromalleolär mit und ohne Schaumgummipelotte gemessen. Ergebnisse: Ohne Pelotte wurden retromalleolär medial bzw. lateral Druckwerte von 7 ± 1 bzw. 10 ± 4 mmHg, mit Pelotte solche von 55 ± 9 bzw. 68 ± 20 mmHg gemessen (p = 0,0002; p = 0,00001). Schlussfolgerung: Der retromalleoläre Raum wird von der Kompressionstherapie weitgehend ausgespart. Erst durch die Auspolsterung mit Pelotten entsteht ein effektiver Andruck. Die Verwendung von Pelotten kann sowohl präventiv als auch therapeutisch zur Behandlung der chronischen venösen Insuffizienz im retromalleolären Raum eingesetzt werden.

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Erhebung der Lebensqualität chronisch kranker bzw. psychisch beeinträchtigter Kinder, Jugendlicher und ihrer Mütter. Methode: Das Inventar zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (ILK) von Mattejat et al. wurde 360 Patienten der Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde Wien und 288 Müttern vorgegeben. Ergebnisse: Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass - sich unter den chronisch kranken Kindern/Jugendlichen die diabetischen Patienten in nahezu allen Lebensbereichen als am meisten belastet beurteilen. Ein ähnliches Bild ergibt sich in der Stichprobe der Mütter. - Kinder und Jugendliche mit psychischen Auffälligkeiten signifikant erhöhte Beeinträchtigungen den Vorstellungsgrund und ihre sozialen Kontakte betreffend angeben. Ihre Mütter führen in mehreren Lebensbereichen stärkere Beeinträchtigungen der Lebensqualität des Kindes an als Mütter chronisch kranker Kinder. - dass Kinder in den Bereichen «Fähigkeit, sich allein zu beschäftigen» und «psychische Gesundheit» die meisten Probleme sehen. Chronisch kranke Kinder fühlen sich zusätzlich durch die Untersuchung/Behandlung, psychisch auffällige durch das Problem an sich belastet. Jugendliche geben in den Bereichen «Schule», «psychische Gesundheit» und «Problem» die negativsten Bewertungen ab. Mütter erleben sich durch das Problem des Kindes stark belastet. Schlussfolgerungen: Problemverarbeitende Interventionen sollten vorrangig für Jugendliche und Mütter, untersuchungsbegleitende, angstreduzierende Maßnahmen insbesondere für chronisch kranke Kinder vorgesehen sein. Psychisch auffällige Kinder bedürfen problemzentrierter, konkreter Hilfestellungen.

In der wissenschaftlichen Fachkommunikation wird meistens vom wissenschaftlichen Artikel Gebrauch gemacht. Die lettischen wissenschaftlichen Artikel zeichnen sich bei unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Fachrichtungen und auch bei ihren einzelnen Disziplinen durch verschiedene Textbausteine aus, die eventuell von Traditionen des Fachs oder der Fachgruppe, von den globalen Tendenzen in der Wissenschaft und den eventuellen Kontaktsprachen wie Englisch, Russisch und Deutsch abhängig sind. Die Untersuchungen des wissenschaftlichen Artikels in der lettischen Sprache sind kaum vollzogen worden. Aus diesem Grunde stellt der vorliegende Beitrag die linguistische Untersuchung der Textbausteine der lettischen geisteswissenschaftlichen Artikel anhand der korpuslinguistischen Verfahren dar. Zur Untersuchung der Makrostruktur der lettischen wissenschaftlichen Artikel in den Geisteswissenschaften wird der Teiltextkorpus des Forschungsprojektes „Lettische Wissenschaftssprache unter interlingualem Aspekt“ benutzt, der im Rahmen des Projektes 2018–2019 angelegt wurde. Beschrieben werden dabei die Kriterien für die Textauswahl und der erstellte Teiltextkorpus, der 251 Artikel aus den geisteswissenschaftlichen Teildisziplinen beinhaltet. Im Weiteren wird die makrostrukturelle Analyse der wissenschaftlichen Artikel aus den geisteswissenschaftlichen Fächergruppen wie Geschichte und Archäologie, Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft sowie Philosophie, Ethik und Religion dargelegt. Aus der vorliegenden Untersuchung lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass die lettischen wissenschaftlichen Artikel der untersuchten geisteswissenschaftlichen Fächer vorwiegend grobe dreigliedrige Struktur mit der Einleitung, dem Hauptteil und dem Schluss aufweisen. Unter den geisteswissenschaftlichen Fächergruppen treten aber die Ähnlichkeiten und die Unterschiede des Textaufbaus hervor, die vom Fach und von der untersuchten Fragestellung, dem Thema oder dem Themaaspekt bedingt werden. Abschließend lässt sich der nicht so stark konventionalisierte Textaufbau der geisteswissenschaftlichen Artikel im Lettischen nachweisen.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Im Jahr 2003 wurden die Disease-Management-Programme (DMP) zur Verbesserung der Versorgung chronisch kranker Patienten im ambulanten Bereich eingerichtet. Seitdem wurde insbesondere unter Hausärzten immer wieder kontrovers über Sinn und Nutzen der strukturierten Behandlungsprogramme diskutiert. Die vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, welche Einstellungs- und Erfahrungswerte Hausärzte in Bezug auf DMP vertreten, wie sie diese anderthalb Dekaden nach ihrer Einführung bilanzieren und wo sie Verbesserungsbedarfe ausmachen. Methoden Mittels schriftlicher Befragung wurden zwischen April und Juni 2019 insgesamt 752 Hausärzte in Hessen befragt. Neben der deskriptiven Analyse kam eine Faktorenanalyse zum Einsatz. Ergebnisse 59 % der Befragten beurteilen die DMP positiv und erachten sie als nützlichen Beitrag zur hausärztlichen Versorgung. 89 % nehmen zurzeit an einem oder mehreren DMP teil, wobei 52 % angeben, dass die Therapie der in DMP einbezogenen Patienten stark profitiert hat. Besonders positiv wird die Sicherstellung einer regelmäßigen, strukturierten Patientenbetreuung und die Verbesserung der Compliance gesehen. Ebenfalls wird konstatiert, dass die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Kenntnisse durch die DMP-Teilnahme erweitert werden konnten. 58 % richten sich prinzipiell nach den DMP-Empfehlungen zur (medikamentösen) Therapie. Kritisiert werden Dokumentationspflichten und häufige organisatorische Veränderungen an den Programmen. Eine weitgehende Starrheit des DMP-Konzepts führt aus Sicht der Befragten zu einer übertriebenen Einengung von Handlungsspielräumen und gelegentlich zu Komplikationen im Praxisablauf. Die Kooperation mit fachärztlichen Kollegen wird innerhalb von DMP häufig als unbefriedigend erlebt. Schlussfolgerung Vordringlich für eine substanzielle Verbesserung von DMP aus hausärztlicher Sicht erscheinen eine Vereinfachung des Dokumentations- und Verwaltungsaufwands, eine besser geregelte und reibungslosere Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Versorgungsebenen, eine Einräumung von mehr Entscheidungsflexibilität, ein größeres und differenzierteres Angebot an Pflichtschulungen, der verstärkte Einbezug von hausärztlichen Erfahrungen im Prozess der DMP-Weiterentwicklung sowie eine bessere Honorierung.

The epithets pal “pale” and palid “pallid” could have been linked here by a conjunction. Instead, they are placed at the same level (pal/ palid) because of their semantic identity in Eminescu’s lyrics. Their importance has been already highlighted by several critics, and especially by I. Negoițescu, who referred to the epithets of pallor as a symbol, and systematically returned to them. By simply identifying these epithets with death or the myth of death, with the angelic purity, but also with the purity of the demon, within expressions such as androginie difuză a morții “diffuse androgyny of death” and demonul palorii “the demon of pallor”, there is no poetic symbol, but only a vague image. Associating these adjectives with characters such as the Poet, the Monarch, the Sleep and the Demiurge, usually at an intuitive level, does not reveal the intended meaning. These epithets appear in Eminescu’s poetry with non-metaphorical meaning as well, that is with denotative or connotative meaning. Instead, the metaphorical meaning belongs to the extra-existential world. The strong occurrence of these adjectives in Mortua est! and the debates around them within this poem since its first publication focused the attention not only to the final version of the text but also to its variants. Pal/ palid does not have a unique meaning in this poem, but we may assume that the connotative meaning is not transcended in any of its versions, including the last one. As a metaphorical epithet, pal/ palid is associated with the lyrical creation as act and as purpose, as well as with the pure ideal which is situated outside the dichotomy of life–death (being–non-being), either as a reality of the poetic thought or as a mythical reality. The poems in which pal/ palid carries this metaphorical meaning are: Venere și Madonă/ Venus and Madonna, Epigonii/ The Epigons, Luceafărul/ The evening star, Povestea magului călător în stele/ The story of the magician who travels to the stars, Mureșanu. Tablou dramatic/ Mureșanu. Dramatic tableau and Memento mori. The metaphorical ʻextra-existential’ meaning differs from any concept of overcoming the antagonism being–non-being which is highly represented in Eminescu’s poetry. It supposes placement outside this antagonism.

Biblical Topoi in the representation of female saints in Medieval South Slavonic literaturesThe theme of female sanctity in Orthodox Slavonic medieval texts is not a frequent subject of study. The article deals with the specific nature of female sanctity in hagiographic and hymnographic texts of South Slavonic literatures, examining texts dedicated to St. Paraskeva of Tarnovo (Paraskeve of Еpibatai), St. Philothea and St. Empress Theophano, whose relics were transferred in the thirteenth century to the then Bulgarian capital of Tarnovo. St. Paraskeva and St. Philothea are canonized as Reverend Saints, while Empress Theophano, not being a nun, is praised as a hermit.The use of the same encomiastic model, namely – the interpretation of archetypal Christian cult of Theotokos the “city patroness,” is of crucial importance in shaping the liturgical cult of the three female saints. On the one hand, this is an interpretation of the Theotokos cult as a glorification of the mother’s womb; on the other hand, it represents the female saint as an “immaculate bride of Christ.” In all these cases one comes across the universal topoi representing sanctity (“luminary” and “torch,” “sun” and “star”). The second important circle of topoi is particularly specific to depictions of female sanctity: “lily,” “dove,” “swallow” and so forth. The third circle of topoi is connected with “masculine behaviour in a female body.” The text presents examples of topoi characteristic of each of these circles. Among universal topoi concerning Reverend Saints (male or female) are their angelic features. The biblical symbols used in depicting types of sanctity express most clearly hierarchy. Another topos which stands out in hagiographic portrayals is that of Heavenly Bridegroom and of female Saints as Christ’s immaculate Brides, guardians of purity, righteousness and immaculateness. Biblijne toposy w wyobrażeniach świętych kobiet w literaturach południowosłowiańskich okresu średniowieczaTemat świętości kobiet w średniowiecznych słowiańskich tekstach prawosławnych nie jest częstym przedmiotem badań. Artykuł poświęcony jest specyficznej naturze świętości kobiet w hagiografii i hymnografii literatur południowosłowiańskich. Analizie poddane zostały teksty poświęcone św. Paraskewie Tyrnowskiej, św. Filotei i św. księżniczce Teofano, których relikwie zostały w XIII wieku przeniesione do ówczesnej stolicy Bułgarii – Tyrnowa. Św. Paraskewa i św. Filotea zostały kanonizowane jako „wielebne święte”, a księżniczka Teofano, w związku z tym, że nie była zakonnicą, jest czczona jako pustelniczka.Użycie tego samego modelu enkomiastycznego, a mianowicie interpretacji archetypowego chrześcijańskiego kultu Bogurodzicy jako patronki miasta, ma kluczowe znaczenie dla kształtowania liturgicznego kultu trzech świętych. Z jednej strony jest to interpretacja kultu Bogurodzicy jako gloryfikacji łona matki, z drugiej zaś, ukazuje święte jako „niepokalane oblubienice Chrystusa”. We wszystkich przypadkach występują także uniwersalne toposy reprezentujące świętość (m.in. kaganek, słońce i gwiazdy). Druga istotna grupa toposów jest szczególnie ważna dla przedstawienia świętości kobiet: lilie, gołąb, jaskółka itp. Trzeci krąg toposów jest związany z „męskim zachowaniem w żeńskim ciele”. W tekście zostały przedstawione przykłady typowe dla wszystkich tych kręgów. Wśród popularnych toposów używanych dla „wielebnych świętych” (mężczyzn i kobiet) pojawiają się także cechy anielskie. Biblijne symbole bardzo jasno wyrażają hierarchię w przedstawianiu typu świętości. W reprezentacjach świętych uwagę zwraca także topos Niebieskiego Oblubieńca i świętych kobiet jako Jego niepokalanych Oblubienic, strażniczek czystości, sprawiedliwości i niepokalania.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium is neuroprotective in preclinical models of stroke and has been safe and shown signals of potential efficacy when delivered early after onset of human cerebral ischemia. Delayed initiation of neuroprotective agents has hindered past neuroprotective agent trials. We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3, trial to test whether paramedic initiation of intravenous magnesium sulfate within 2 hours of symptom onset improves the longterm functional outcome of hyperacute stroke patients. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were: 1) likely stroke as identified by the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS), 2) age 40-95, 3) symptom onset within 2 hours of treatment initiation, 4) deficit present ≥ 15 minutes. Trial sites included 315 ambulances, 40 EMS agencies, and 60 receiving hospitals throughout Los Angeles and Orange Counties, with 2988 paramedics trained in study procedures. From Jan 2005 - Dec 2012, paramedics in the field administered a loading dose (4 grams over 15 minutes) of magnesium sulfate (Mg) or matched saline placebo. Upon arrival in an ED, a maintenance infusion followed: 16 grams Mg or matched placebo over 24 hours. The primary endpoint was the modified Rankin Scale measure of global disability at 90 days. RESULTS: Among the 1700 enrolled patients, mean age was 69 (SD 13.6), 42.7% were female, median pretreatment stroke severity on the Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) was 4.0, and median early post-treatment NIHSS stroke severity on ED arrival was 9.0. Final diagnosis of the presenting event was acute cerebral ischemia in 73.0%, acute hemorrhagic stroke in 23.2%, and stroke-mimicking condition in 3.8%. The median time from last known well to start of study infusion was 48 minutes (IQR 37 - 68). The proportion of patients receiving study infusion within the first hour after last known well was 74.1%. CONCLUSION: Prehospital initiation of neuroprotective agents can be performed in a large phase 3 acute stroke trial, permitting rapid drug start, with treatment in the first, “golden” hour in three-quarters of patients. The study blind will be broken in late fall and the first public presentation of trial efficacy results presented at the ISC meeting.

In November 2015 the progressive rock band, Coheed and Cambria, released their latest album and art-book, both titled The Color before the Sun (Color) (2015). This album deviates from their previous six releases by explicitly using a biographical frame for the art-book, the album, and their paratexts. This is a divergence from the band’s concept album approach, a transmedia storyworld, The Amory Wars (TAW) (2002-17), which fictionalised the life experiences of Claudio Sanchez, the band’s lead singer. When scholars discuss transmedia they often refer to fantastic and speculative fictions, such as the Star Wars (1977-2018), Star Trek (1966-2018), Doctor Who (1963-2018) and Marvel Universe (1961-2018) franchises, and TAW fits this framework. However, there is increasing consideration of the impact transmedia reading and writing practices have on storytelling that straddles representations of the “real” world. By making collaborative life-writing explicit, Color encourages readers to resist colonising ontologies. Framing the life-writing within the band’s earlier auto-fiction(s) (TAW), Color destabilises genre divides between fiction and life-writing, and positions readers to critique Sanchez’s narration of his subjectivity. This enables readers to abstract their critique to ontological narratives that have a material impact on their own subjectivities: law, medicine, religion, and economics.The terms subject and identity are often used interchangeably in the study of life-writing. By “subjectivity” I mean the individual’s understanding of their status and role in relation to their community, culture, socio-political context, and the operations of power dynamics therein. In contrast “identity” speaks to the sense of self. While TAW and Color share differing literary conceits—one is a space opera, the other is more explicitly biographical—they both explore Sanchez’s subjectivity and can be imagined as a web of connections between recordings (both audio and video), social media, books (comics, art books, novels and scripts), and performances that contribute to a form of transmedia life-writing. Life-writing is generic term that covers “protean forms of contemporary personal narrative” (Eakin 1). These narratives can be articulated across expressive practices, including interviews, profiles, diaries, social media, prose, poetry and so on. Zachary Leader notes in his introduction to On Life-Writing that “theoreticians and historians of life-writing commonly fuse or meld sub-genres [… and this] blurring of distinctions may help to account for life-writing’s growing acceptance as a field of academic study” (1-2). The growing relationship between life-writing and transmedia is therefore unsurprising.This article ties my research considering the construction of subjectivity through transmedia life-writing, with Emma Hill and Máiréad Nic Craith’s consideration of transmedia storytelling’s political potential (87-109). My intention is to determine how readers might construct their own subjectivity to resist oppressive interpellations. Hill and Nic Craith argue that the “lack of closure” in transmedia storyworlds creates “a greater breadth and depth of interpretation … than a single telling could achieve” (104). They conclude that “this expansive quality has allowed the campaigners to continue their activism in a number of different arenas” (104). I contest their assertion that transmedia lacks closure, and instead contend that closure, or the recognition of meaning, inheres with the reader (McCloud 33) rather than in a universalised meaning attributed to the text: transmedia storytelling therefore arouses political potential in reading communities. It is precisely this feature that enables the “expansive quality” valued in political activism. I therefore focus my discussion on the readers of transmedia life-writing, rather than on its writer(s). I argue that in reading a life or lives across multiple media the reader is exposed to the texts’ self-referential citations, its extra-diegetic reiterations, and its contradictions. The reader is invited to make meaning from these citations, reiterations and contradictions; they are positioned to confront the ways in which space and time shape life-writing and subjectivity. Transmedia life-writing can therefore empower readers to invoke critical reading practices.The reader’s agency offers the potential for resistance and revolution. This agency is invited in Color where readers are asked to straddle the fictional world of TAW and the “real” world. The Unravelling Palette of Dawn (2015) is the literary narrative that parallels this album. The book is written by Chondra Echert, Sanchez’s collaborator and wife, and is an amalgam of personal essay and photo-book. It opens by invoking the space opera that informs The Amory Wars: “Sector.12, Paris, Earth. A man and a woman sit in a café debating their fate” (n.p.). This situates the reader in the fictional world of TAW, but also brings the reader into the mundanity and familiarity of a discussion between two people. The reader is witness to a discussion between intimates that focusses on the question of “where to from here.” The idea of “fate” is either misunderstood or misapplied: fate is predetermined, and undebatable. The reader is therefore positioned to remember the band’s previous “concept,” and juxtapose it against a new “realistic” trajectory: fictional characters might have a fate that is determined by their writer, but does that fate extend to the writer themselves? To what extent is Sanchez and Echert’s auto/biography crafted by writers other than themselves?The opening passage provides a skin for the protagonists of the essay, enabling a fantastical space within which Echert and Sanchez might cloak themselves, as they have done throughout TAW. However, this conceit is peeled away on the second page:This might have been the story you find yourself holding. A Sci-fi tale, shrouded in fiction. The real life details modified. All names changed. Threads neatly tied up at the end and altered for the sake of ego and feelings.But the truth is rarely so well planned. The story isn’t filled with epic action scenes or glossed-over romance. Reality is gritty and mucky and thrown together in the last seconds. It’s painful. It is not beautiful … and so it is. The events that inspired this record are acutely personal. (n.p.)In this passage Echert makes reference to the method of storytelling employed throughout the texts that make up TAW. She lays bare the shroud of fiction that covers the lived realities of her and her husband’s lives. She goes on to note that their lives have been interpreted “to fit the bounds of the concept” (n.p.), that is TAW as a space opera, and that the current album was an opportunity to “pull back the curtain” (n.p.) on this conceit. This narrative is echoed by Sanchez in the documentary component of the project, The Physics of Color (2015). Like Echert, Sanchez locates the narrative’s genesis in Paris, but in the Paris of our own world, where he and Echert finalised the literary component of the band’s previous project, The Afterman (2012). Color, like the previous works, is written as a collaboration, not just between Sanchez and Echert, but also by the other members of the band who contributed to the composition of each track. This collaborative writing is an example of relationality that facilitates a critical space for readers and invites them to consider the ways in which their own subjectivity is constructed.Ivor Goodson and Scherto Gill provide a means of critically engaging with relational reading practices. They position narrative as a tool that can be used to engage in critical self, and social, reflection. Their theory of critical narrative as a form of pedagogy enables readers to shift away from reading Color as auto-fiction and towards reading it as an act of collaborative auto/biography. This transition reflects a shifting imperative from the personal, particularly questions of identity, to the political, to engaging with the web of human relations, in order to explore subjectivity. Given transmedia is generally employed by writers of fantasy and speculative literatures, it can be difficult for readers to negotiate their expectations: transmedia is not just a tool for franchises, but can also be a tool for political resistance.Henry Jenkins initiated the conversation about transmedia reading practices and reality television in his chapters about early seasons of Survivor and American Idol in his book Convergence Culture. He identifies the relationship between viewers and these shows as one that shifts from “real-time interaction toward asynchronous participation” (59): viewers continue their engagement with the shows even when they are not watching a broadcast. Hill and Nic Craith provide a departure from literary and media studies approaches to transmedia by utilising an anthropological approach to understanding storyworlds. They maintain that both media studies and anthropological methodologies “recognize that storytelling is a continually contested act between different communities (whether media communities or social communities), and that the final result is indicative of the collective rather than the individual” (88–89). They argue that this collectivity results from “negotiated meaning” between the text and members of the reading community. This is a recognition of the significance held by readers of life-writing regarding the “biographical contract” (Lejeune 22) resulting from the “rationally motivated inter subjective recognition of norms” (Habermas n.p.). Collectivity is analogous to relationality: the way in which the readers’ subjectivity is impacted upon by their engagement with the storyworld, helixed with the writer(s) of transmedia life-writing having their subjectivity impacted upon by their engagement with reader responses to their developing texts. However, the term “relationality” is used to slightly different effect in both transmedia and life-writing studies. Colin Harvey’s definition of transmedia storytelling as relational emphasises the relationships between different media “with the wider storyworld in question, and by extension the wider culture” (2). This can be juxtaposed with Paul John Eakin’s assertion that life-writing as a genre that requires interaction between the author and their audience: “autobiography of the self but the biography and autobiography of the other” (58). It seems to me that the differing articulations of “relationality” arising from both life-writing and transmedia scholarship rely on, but elide, the relationship between the reader and the storyworld. In both instances it is left to the reader to make meaning from the text, both in terms of understanding the subject(s) represented in relation to their own, and also as the nexus between the transmedia text, the storyworld, and the broader culture. The readers’ own experiences, their memories, are central to this relationality.The song “Colors” (2015), which Echert notes in her essay was the first song to be written for the album, chronicles the anxieties that arose after Sanchez and Echert discovered that their home (which they had been leasing out) had been significantly damaged by their tenants. In the documentary The Physics of Color, both Echert and Sanchez speak about this song as a means for Sanchez to reassert his identity as a musician after an extended period where he struggled with the song-writing process. The song is pared back, the staccato guitar in the introduction echoing a similar theme in the introduction to the song “The Afterman” (2012) which was released on the band’s previous album. This tonal similarity, the plucked electric guitar and the shared rhythm, provides a sense of thoroughness between the songs, inviting the listener to remember the ways in which the music on Color is in conversation with the previous albums. This conversation is significant: it relies on the reader’s experience of their own memory. In his book Fantastic Transmedia, Colin Harvey argues that memories are “the mechanisms by which the ‘storyworld’ was effectively sewn together, helping create a common diegetic space for me—and countless others—to explore” (viii). Both readers’ and creators’ experiences of personal and political time and space in relation to the storyworld challenge traditional understandings of readers’ agency in relation to the storyworld, and this challenge can be abstracted to frame the reader’s agency in relation to other economic, political, and social manifestations of power.In “The Audience” Sanchez sings:This is my audience, forever oneTogether burning starsCut from the same diseaseEver longing what and who we areIn the documentary, Sanchez states that this song is an acknowledgement that he, the band and their audience are “one and the same in [their] oddity, and it’s like … family.” Echert echoes this, referring to the intimate relationships built with fans over the years at conventions, shows and through social media: “they’ve superseded fandom and become a part of this extended family.” Readers come to this song with the memory of TAW: the memory of “burning Star IV,” a line that is included in the titles of two of Coheed’s albums (Good Apollo, I’m Burning Star IV Vols. 1 (2005) and 2 (2007), and to the Monstar disease that is referenced throughout Second Stage Turbine Blade, both the album (2002) and the comic books (2010). As a depiction of his destabilised identity however, the lyrics can also be read as a poetic commentary on Sanchez’s experiences with renegotiating his subjectivity: his status as an identity that gains its truth through consensus with others, an audience who is “ever longing what and who we are.” In the documentary Sanchez states “I could do the concept thing again with this album, you know, take it and manipulate it and make it this other sort of dimension … but this one … it means so much more to be … I really wanted this to be exposed, I really want this to be my story.” Sanchez imagines that his story, its truth, its sacredness, is contingent on its exposure on being shared with an audience. For Sanchez his subjectivity arises from on his relationality with his audience. This puts the reader at the centre of the storyworld. The assertion of subjectivity arises as a result of community.However, there is an uncertainty that floats in the lacunae between the texts contributing to the Color storyworld. As noted, in the documentary, both Echert and Sanchez speak lovingly of their relationships with Coheed audiences, but Sanchez goes on to acknowledge that “there’s a little bit of darkness in there too, that I don’t know if I want to bring up… I’ll keep that a mystery,” and some of the “The Audience” lyrics hint at a more sinister relationship between the audience and the band:Thieves of our timeWatch as they rape your integrityMarch as the beat suggests.One reader, Hecatonchair, discusses these lyrics in a Reddit post responding to “The Audience”. They write:The lyrics are pretty aggressive, and could easily be read as an attack against either the music industry or the fans. Considering the title and chorus, I think the latter is who it was intended to reach, but both interpretations are valid.This acknowledgement by the poster that there the lyrics are polyvalent speaks to the decisions that readers are positioned to make in responding to the storyworld.This phrase makes explicit the inconsistency between what Sanchez says about the band’s fans, and what he feels. It is left to the reader to account for this inconsistency between the song lyrics and the writers’ assertions. Hecatonchair and the five readers who respond to their post all write that they enjoy the song, regardless of what they read as its aggressive position on the band’s relationship with them as audience members. In identifying as both audience members and readers with different interpretations, the Reddit commentators recognise their identities in intersecting communities, and demonstrate their agency as subjects. Goodson and Gill invoke Charles Taylor’s assertion that one of the defining elements of “identity” is a “defining community,” that is “identity is lived in social and historical particulars, such as the literature, philosophy, religious teaching and great conversations taking place along one’s life’s journeys” (Goodson and Gill 27).Harvey identified readers as central to transmedia practices. In reading a life across multiple media readers assert agency within the storyworld: they choose which texts to engage with, and how and when to engage with them. They must remember, or more specifically re-member, the life or lives with which they are engaging. This re-membering is an evocative metaphor: it could be described as Frankensteinian, the bringing together of texts and media through a reading that is stretched across the narrative, like the creature’s yellow skin. It also invokes older stories of death (the author’s) and resurrection (of the author, by the reader): the murder and dismemberment of Osiris by his brother Set, and Isis, Osiris's wife, who rejoins the fragmented pieces of Osiris, and briefly brings him back.Coheed and Cambria regularly cite musical themes or motifs across their albums, while song lyrics are quoted in the text of comic books and the novel. The readers recognise and weave together these citations with the more explicitly autobiographical writing in Color. Readers are positioned to critique the function of a canonical truth underpinning the storyworld: whose life is being told? Sanchez invokes memory throughout the album by incorporating soundscapes, such as the sounds of a train-line on the song “Island.” Sanchez notes he and his wife would hear these sounds as they took the train from their home in Brooklyn to the island of Manhattan. Sanchez brings his day-to-day experiences to his readers as overlapping but not identical accounts of perspectives. They enable a plurality of truths and destabilise the Western focus on a singular or universal truth of lived experience.When life-writing is constructed transmedially the author must—of necessity—relinquish control over their story’s temporality. This includes both the story’s internal and external temporalities. By internal temporality I am referring to the manner in which time plays out within the story: given that the reader can enter into and engage with the story through a number of media, the responsibility for constructing the story’s timeline lies with the reader; they may therefore choose, or only be able, to engage with the story’s timeline in a haphazard, rather than a chronological, manner. For example, in Sanchez’ previous work, TAW, comic book components of the storyworld were often released years after the albums with which they were paired. Readers can only engage with the timelines as they are published, as they loop back through and between the storyworld’s temporality.The different media—CD, comic, novel, or art-book—often represent different perspectives or experiences within the same or at least within overlapping internal temporalities: significant incidences are narrated between the media. This results in an unstable external temporality, over which the author, again, has no control. The reader may listen to the music before reading the book, or the other way around, but reading the book and listening to the music simultaneously may not be feasible, and may detract from the experience of engaging with each aspect of the storyworld. This brings us back to the importance of memory to readers of transmedia narratives: they must remember in order to, as Harvey says, stitch together a common “diegetic space.” Although the author often relinquishes control to the external temporality of the text, placing the reader in control of the internal temporality of their life-writing destabilises the authority that is often attributed to an auto/biographer. It also makes explicit that transmedia life-writing is an ongoing project. This allows the author(s) to account for “a reflexive process where individuals take the opportunity to evaluate their actions in connection with their intentions and thus ‘write a further part’ of their histories” (Goodson and Gill 33).Goodson and Gill note that “life’s events are never linear and any intention for life to be coherent and progressive in accordance with a ‘plan’ will constantly be interrupted” (30). This is why transmedia offers writers and readers a more authentic means of engaging with life-writing. Its weblike structure enables readers to view subjectivity through a number of lenses: transmedia life-writing narrates a relational subjectivity that resists attempts at delineation. There is still a “continuity” that arises when Sanchez invokes the storyworld’s self-referential citations, reiterations, and contradictions in order to “[define] narratives within a temporal, social and cultural framework” (Goodson and Gill 29), however transmedia life-writing refuses to limit itself, or its readers, to the narratives of space and time that regulate mono-medial life-writing. Instead it positions readers to “unmask the world and then change it” (43).ReferencesArendt, Hannah. The Human Condition. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1958.Coheed and Cambria. Second Stage Turbine Blade. New York: Equal Vision Records, 2002.———. In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3. 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On Autobiography. Trans. Katherine Leary. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1989.McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art, New York: Harper Perennial, 1994.Sanchez, Claudio, and Gus Vasquez. The Amory Wars Sketchbook. Los Angeles: Evil Ink Comics, 2006.———, Gus Vasquez, et al. The Amory Wars: The Second Stage Turbine Blade Ultimate Edition. Los Angeles: BOOM! Studios, 2010.———, Peter David, Chris Burnham, et al. In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3 Ultimate Edition. Los Angeles: BOOM! Studios, 2010.———, and Christopher Shy. Good Apollo I’m Burning Star IV, Vol. 1: From Fear through the Eyes of Madness. Los Angeles: Evil Ink Comics, 2005.———, and Peter David. Year of the Black Rainbow. Nashville: Evil Ink Books, 2010.———, and Nathan Spoor, The Afterman. Los Angeles: Evil Ink Comics/Hundred Handed Inc., 2012.