Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lose or Draw'

Clausewitz states that "The defensive form of warfare is intrinsically stronger than the offense" and to defeat 'the stronger form of warfare' "an army's best weapon is superior numbers." Given these two facts, how do special operations forces defeat numerically superior forces fighting in the defense? William H. McRaven's book, Spec Ops, lays out a theory of special operations and six principles that are "applicable across the spectrum of special operations" (McRaven, 1995, p. 3). McRaven's thesis postulates that numerically inferior forces can obtain Relative Superiority for short duration through the use of the six principles of special operations. McRaven's thesis is focused on the direct component of special operations. The theory, arguably, does not cover the full range of special operations; specifically it fails to address the indirect component of special operations, Unconventional Warfare. Given that the defense is the superior form of warfare and numbers count, the question emerges, how can a sponsored insurgent organization or resistance movement defeat the state, which begins with an opening advantage of vastly superior numbers and already in the defense posture? The answer may be found on the flip side of McRaven's Theory of Relative Superiority, or more accurately, the Indirect Theory of Relative Superiority. Indirect Relative Superiority is achieved when a counter state gains and maintains a decisive advantage over a state in an armed political struggle. We hypothesize that numerically inferior forces can obtain Relative Superiority over time through the use of six principles of Indirect Offensive Operations: Security, Networking, Purpose, Indoctrination, Influence, and Agility.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): McCormick, Gordon. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-93). Also available in print.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-60).
In the movement to "change welfare as we know it," traditional job training programs in Massachusetts have inadvertently come under siege. State law-makers are eschewing job training in favor of work-first policies -- mandating most public assistance recipients work or volunteer a minimum of twenty hours per week in exchange for benefits. Job training must be done as additional time permits and within the confines of a well-documented shortage of daycare subsidy slots (eliminating training options for all but the most resourceful welfare mothers). But will welfare recipients find success in getting and keeping a job without support from job training programs? Boston's most prominent nonprofit training providers have been supplying local employers with a steady source of workers for well over a decade. One assumes firms hire training program graduates because they are good workers yet, how can we be sure? This study, which focuses on Boston's largest employment sector -- the health care industry -- illustrates that firms do derive substantial benefits when hiring workers from local job training programs. These benefits include workers that are well trained, highly motivated, bring special skills to the workplace, and are cost-effective to hire. While every employer surveyed did not claim each one of these benefits, all perceived tangible advantages to working with Boston based training programs and valued their relationship with them. It is worth noting that job training programs engage a more diverse clientele than the universe of welfare recipients (recipients comprise roughly 30-50% of trainees). However, since the training population is exclusively low-income, lessons can be extrapolated as to the effectiveness of training programs with the larger public assistance population.
by Patricia J. Libby.
S.M.

As the demand of oil and gas is increasing, using the existing reservoirs more efficiently as well as searching for new reservoirs is mandatory. Most undiscovered reservoirs are in deep or ultra-deep offshore locations, where drilling to such targets are very difficult with the available fluid circulation technology, since there exists a significant frictional pressure loss due to extreme long wellbores. In order to reduce the frictional pressure losses inside the drillstring, frictional drag reducers are used. Frictional drag reducers are mostly high molecular weight linear polymer molecules and can be used with water or hydrocarbon based solvents. The system used in this study is Baroid EZ-Mud water solutions. Baroid EZ-Mud is a liquid polymer emulsion containing partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide / polyacrylate (PHPA) co-polymer. This study aims to observe the performance of EZ-Mud as a frictional drag reducer. For this purpose, a flow loop that consisted of a circular pipe where the frictional pressure losses can be observed under various flow rates and concentrations is developed. Pipe flow experiments were performed using water-based mud generated using different concentrations of Baroid EZ-Mud at different flow rates. Differential pressure values were recorded for each run. Rheological properties of each mud sample were determined using Fann (Couette) viscometer in order to determine the theoretical frictional pressure losses. Theoretical and measured frictional pressure losses were compared. Results showed that, as the concentration of EZ-Mud was increased, considerable frictional drag reduction as high as 60% was observed. Based on the experimental data obtained from the flow loop using EZ-Mud with different concentrations, a friction factor correlation as a function of Reynolds Number and EZ-Mud concentration is developed. The proposed correlation performance was also compared with the existing correlations from the literature. It has been observed that, frictional pressure losses using the developed friction factor could be estimated within an error range of maximum 15 %, whereas, the existing models could not predict frictional pressure losses as accurate as the proposed model.

The desire to achieve higher heat transfer augmentation for turbine blades is fueled by the increased power output and efficiency that is achievable with high turbine inlet temperatures. The use of internal cooling channels fitted with pin fin arrays serves as one method of accomplishing this goal. Consequently, the addition of pin fin arrays comes at the expense of increased pressure drop. Therefore the pin fin geometry must be judiciously chosen to achieve the required heat transfer rate while minimizing the associated pressure drop.

This project culminates in the measurement of both pin fin force and array pressure drop as they related to changes in the array geometry. Specifically, the effects of Reynolds number, spanwise pin spacing, streamwise pin spacing, pin aspect ratio, and flow incidence angle. Direct two-component force measurement is achieved with a cantilever beam force sensor that uses highly sensitive piezoresistive strain gauges, relating the strain at the base of the beam to the applied force. With proper characterization, forces as small as one-tenth the weight of a paper clip are successfully measured. Additionally, array pressure drop measurements are achieved using static pressure taps.

Experiments were conducted over a range of Reynolds numbers between 7,500 and 35,000. Changes in the spanwise pin spacing were shown to substantially alter the pin fin drag and array pressure drop, while changes in the streamwise pin spacing were less influential. The experimental results also showed a dramatic reduction in the pin fin drag and array pressure drop for an inline flow incidence angle. Finally, changes in the pin aspect ratio were shown to have little effect on the array pressure drop.
Master of Science

Currently, China is facing a challenge of sustainable development. The worsening air quality and increasing haze days in Beijing and many other cities in China have exerted serious health impacts and an economic toll. Pollution control and emission reduction have become an urgent issue that Chinese governments need to tackle. Hence, stricter Environmental laws and Clean Air Plans have been published and implemented in recent years in China. The developed countries had experienced the similar industrial development accompanying by air pollution problem during the middle of last century. Environmental legislating against helped many developed countries solve the pollution and achieved positive EKC trend – air quality improvements along with continuous economic growth. The thesis tries to study the previous lessons and experiences on pollution abatement from some developed countries and find what lesson’s China can draw from them on pollution control and changing towards a sustainable development. The thesis adopts a multi-scientific study method including case studies, economic, technological, legal and institutional analysis. The pollution abatement cases are from the US and UK, because historically the serious air smog episodes due to industrialization had happened in many cities of the two countries, which are like what is happening in China now. Case studies compare the pollution problem in Beijing, Los Angeles and London, and focus on how environmental laws work for emission reduction. The study results show that the economic phase in China now is close to the EKC turning point and is at similar phase comparing to the historical pollution treatment stages during the middle of last century in the US and UK. However, the positive EKC trend does not inevitably come without strong environmental legislation, technological development and economic-social institution sustainability transformation. The implication for China is that the current pollution control laws and its implementation in China at the crucial moment would most likely decide the future environmental, economic, and social situation in China. Loose environmental laws might cause environmental indulgence, while implementation of scientific environmental laws and standards can work effectively on emission reduction and enhancing technology and economic development at the same time. And the scientific based legislation skills from developed countries provide a good lesson to be drawn for China on how to make the laws and standards.

I uppsatsen utreds vad försäkring är samt vad affärsrisker är och hur de försäkras inom ramen för ansvarsförsäkringen. Viktiga frågor är var, och varför, gränsen för affärsriskers försäkringsbarhet dras som den gör, samt huruvida en ny struktur och systematik kan ge upphov till en mer ändamålsenlig gränsdragning. För att kunna förstå och argumentera kring behandlingen av affärsrisker i ansvarsförsäkringen, samt för att kunna omfamna ämnessfären med ett helhetsgrepp, måste först en relation till försäkringens väsen byggas. Kunskapen om vad försäkring är och varför försäkring finns utgör oumbärliga fundament i argumentationen om affärsriskers försäkringsbara vara eller icke vara. De försäkringsrättsliga principerna och den normativa bas som bygger upp rättsområdet synliggör ramen för försäkringsavtalsparternas förhållande och rekvisiten för försäkringsbarheten. Dessa principer och normer utgör sedermera bakgrunden som affärsriskerna ses emot i analysen. Ansvarsförsäkringen täcker den försäkrades skadeståndsansvar. En uppdelning kan göras mellan hur täckning sker av kontraktuella skadestånds- och ersättningsansvar respektive utomobligatoriska skadeståndsansvar. I och med att professions- och rådgivningsansvaret behandlas annorlunda än ansvaret i andra tjänsteverksamheter finns det en principiell vinst i att belysa det separat. Affärsriskerna leder fram till ett eventuellt ansvar och hur de behandlas kan ses i de omfattnings- och undantagsvillkor som återfinns i den vanliga ansvarsförsäkringen och i GLI-försäkringen. I uppsatsen genomgås följande utvidgande och undantagande villkor: undantaget för ren förmögenhetsskada, undantaget för omhändertagen egendom, undantaget för garantier och utfästelser, undantaget för förutsebar skada, undantaget för skada på levererad egendom, tillägget för ren förmögenhetsskada, återkallelsetillägget, tillägget för ingrediens- och komponentskada, åtkomst- och återställandetillägget samt goodwilltillägget. Gränsdragningen för täckning av affärsrisker i ansvarsförsäkringen är spretig och förefaller inte utgå ifrån en bakomliggande systematik. De gemensamma nämnarna analyseras dock, vilket ger en uppfattning av de syften som försäkringsbranschen vill uppnå med avgränsningen mot vissa affärsrisker. Med erfarenheter från vad försäkringens väsen är, hur och varför gränsdragningen görs samt dess, ur ändamålssynpunkt, inte helt tillfredställande resultat, kan en ny struktur och systematik föreslås. Förhoppningsvis leder det till en mer genomtänkt och förståelig hantering av affärsrisker i ansvarsförsäkringsfrågor.
In this thesis, I examine what insurance is, together with what business risk is and how business risks are insured in the context of liability insurance. Important questions are where, and why, the boundaries of the insurability of business risks are set as they are, and also whether a new structure and systematics could give rise to a more suitable delimitation. To be able to understand and argue about how business risks are treated in the context of liability insurance, and also to be able to approach the sphere of the subject holistically, a relation to the essence of insurance must first be built. The knowledge about what insurance is and why it exists is an indispensable foundation for the argumentation around the insurability of business risks. The principles and the normative base that make up the legal area of insurance law reveal the framework of the relationship between the parties of the insurance contract and the requirements of insurability. These principles and norms subsequently form the background against which the business risks are seen in the analysis. The liability insurance covers the liability of the insured. A distinction can be made between how the insurance covers contractual liability and non-contractual liability. Since professional liability, such as the liability of advisors, is treated differently from the liability of other service businesses, there is a principal benefit in elucidating it separately. The business risks lead to a potential liability, and how they are treated can be seen in the regular and global liability insurance policies. In this thesis, the following expanding and excluding policies are covered. Exclusion of pure financial loss, property in trust, promise or guarantee, foreseeable damage and damage to delivered property. Addition of pure financial loss, recall, claims due to ingredients or components, access and restoration costs, and goodwill. The boundary of coverage of business risks in the context of liability insurance is fuzzy and does not appear to be set based upon any underlying systematics. The common denominators are, however, analyzed which gives an idea of the ends that the insurance industry wants to achieve through the delimitation against certain business risks. With knowledge of what constitutes the essence of insurance, of how and why the boundaries are set as they are and of their, from a purpose-oriented point of view, not entirely satisfactory results, a new structure and systematics can be proposed. Hopefully, it leads to a more thought-out and comprehensible treatment of business risks in matters regarding liability insurance.

A Power Transfer Unit (PTU) of an All-Wheel Drive System is a hypoid gear transmission unit that distributes the power from the vehicle transmission to all wheels of the vehicle. This thesis aims at increasing the fidelity of the analytical power loss calculation methods through test data correlation and develop a 1D simulation model that can be used to evaluate the drag losses in the PTU at early design stages.  Firstly, the analytical methods to predict the frictional losses and oil churning losses due to the hypoid gearset, rolling bearings and seals immersed in oil are studied. Several drag loss tests with different combinations of internal components, bearing preloads and with/without the presence of oil were previously conducted on the PTU at different speeds and temperatures at zero torque. The power losses are computed in ROMAX Energy and Excel using different analytical methods available in the literature for each component in the PTU. Then the results from the drag loss tests are segregated component-wise for data correlation with the losses evaluated previously. Based on the data correlation, modification factors are introduced for all analytical methods to match the segregated test results.  The demand in the automotive industry to reduce time to market is high. Hence, system-level simulation was chosen as a solution to assess the system efficiency at early concept design stage, saving a lot of time and aid the detailed design. 1D simulation technique is used to study the total power loss of the PTU to optimize its design. The thesis is aimed at developing a 1D system model of the PTU in a commercial tool called LMS AMESim, to evaluate the total power loss of the unit. Inbuilt component models from the software library are used to build a sketch of a simplified lumped mass model of the physical system. The model is simulated in a time domain temporal analysis. The total power loss results simulated using AMESim are compared to the efficiency tests results conducted at different torque levels and ROMAX results.  Comparisons between the simulations and test data shows that the system model is accurate and can be used in predicting the power losses in the PTU in the early design stages. This model can also be used to study the influential factors through sensitivity analysis of different parameters which can be done as an extension to the current scope of this work.
En kraftöverföringsenhet (PTU) i ett fyrhjulsdriftsystem är en hypoidväxellådsöverföringsenhet som fördelar kraften från växellådan till alla hjul i fordonet. Det rapporterade arbetet syftar till att öka konfidensen i de analytiska beräkningsmetoderna för effektförlust genom testdatakorrelation och genom att utveckla en 1D-simuleringsmodell som kan användas för att utvärdera dragförlusterna i PTUn i tidiga designfaser.  För det första studeras analysmetoderna för att förutsäga friktionsförluster och plaskförluster på grund av hypoidväxeln, rullager och tätningar nedsänkta i olja. Flera ”Drag Loss”-tester med olika kombinationer av interna komponenter, lagerförspänningar och med / utan närvaro av olja utfördes tidigare på PTU vid olika hastigheter och temperaturer utan pålagt moment. Effektförlusterna beräknas i ROMAX Energy med olika analysmetoder tillgängliga i litteraturen för varje komponent i PTU. Sedan separeras resultaten från dragförlusttesterna komponentmässigt för datakorrelation med de tidigare utvärderade förlusterna. Baserat på datakorrelationen införs modifieringsfaktorer för alla analysmetoder för att matcha de segregerade testresultaten.  Efterfrågan inom fordonsindustrin att minska tiden till marknaden är hög. Därför väljs simulering på systemnivå som en lösning för att bedöma systemeffektiviteten i ett tidigt konceptdesignfas, vilket sparar mycket tid och underlättar den detaljerade designen. 1D-simuleringsteknik används för att studera PTUns totala effektförlust för att optimera dess design. Arbetet syftar till att utveckla en 1D-systemmodell av PTU i ett kommersiellt verktyg som heter LMS AMESim, för att utvärdera enhetens totala effektförlust. Inbyggda komponentmodeller från programvarubiblioteket används för att skapa en skiss av en förenklad modell av det fysiska systemet. De totala effektförlusterna beräknade med AMESim jämförs med effektivitetstestresultaten vid olika vridmomentnivåer och ROMAX-resultat.  Från korrelationen med testresultaten observeras att systemmodellen är korrekt och kan användas för att förutsäga effektförlusterna i PTU i de tidiga designstadierna. Denna modell kan också användas för att studera de viktigaste faktorerna genom känslighetsanalys av olika parametrar, vilket kan göras som en förlängning av detta arbete.

Most students progress in learning when school is in session. However, during the summer months formal education often ends, and many of the gains students make during the academic year are lost over the summer break. The Alpine School District developed the Students and Teachers Achieving Reading Success (STARS) program, an extensive summer reading program for struggling readers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the STARS program on reading ability for students exiting the first grade, as measured by the Developmental Reading Assessment 2 (DRA2). Results from a mixed-method ANOVA indicated that STARS students performed better than a nonequivalent control group (p < .001). Results from the multilevel growth modeling analysis provide evidence that the STARS participants performed better than those who were eligible for the program but did not participate. STARS participants improved in their reading ability at a significantly higher rate than students who were not eligible for the program and did not participate. The results indicated that the reading achievement gap of STARS participants narrowed by the end of second grade. Moderation variables were not statistically significant in their impact of reading trajectories between STARS participants and nonparticipants.

The remarkable efficacy with which normal surface mass transpiration (blowing and suction) alters a given base flow to achieve a desired predefined objective has motivated several investigations on drag reduction, self-propulsion and suppression of separation and wake unsteadiness in bluff body flows. However, the energetic efficiency, a critical parameter that determines the true efficacy and in particular practical feasibility of this control strategy, has received significantly less attention. In this work, we determine the optimal zero net mass transpiration blowing and suction profiles that minimize net power consumption while reducing drag or enabling self-propulsion in typical bluff body flows. We establish the influence of prescribed blowing and suction profiles on the hydrodynamic loads and net power consumption for a representative bluff body flow involving flow past a stationary two-dimensional circular cylinder. Using analysis based on Oseen’s equations, we find that all the symmetric modes, except the first one, lead to an increase in the net power consumption without affecting hydrodynamic drag. The optimal blowing and suction profile that yields minimum power consumption is such that the normal stress acting on the cylinder surface vanishes identically. Furthermore, we show that a self-propelling state corresponding to zero net drag force is attained when the first mode of blowing and suction profile is such that the flow field be-comes irrigational. Based on these findings we employ direct numerical simulation tools to decipher the Reynolds number dependence of the optimal profiles and the associated power consumption for both drag reduction and self-propulsion. For a typical Reynolds number, the time-averaged drag coefficient first decreases due to vortex shedding suppression, then increases and eventually decreases again after attaining a local maximum as the strength of the first mode is increased. The net power consumption continues to decrease with an increase in the strength of the first mode before reaching a minima after which it rises continuously. For a Reynolds number of 1000 over fifteen fold reduction in drag is achieved for an optimal blowing and suction profile with a maximum radial surface velocity that is nearly 1.97 times the free stream velocity. Next, to establish whether or not higher modes play a role in decreasing net power consumption at finite Reynolds number, we perform theoretical analysis of a configuration similar to the one described above for a spherical body. At zero Reynolds number, as a result of mode independence, we show that surface blow-ing and suction of any form that involves second or higher order axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric modes does not contribute to drag and only leads to an increase in total power consumption. However, at finite Reynolds number, using analysis based on Oseen’s equations, we find that the second and higher modes contribute substantially to the optimal profiles. Finally to understand the effects of a change in shape we consider generalization of the above analysis to axisymmetric prolate and oblate spheroidal bodies. We find that for a general axisymmetric body with non-constant curvature, the optimal drag reducing and self-propelling blowing and suction profiles for minimum power consumption contain second and higher-order modes along with the first mode even when the Reynolds number is zero. The net decrease in power consumption with the use of second and higher order modes exceeds 33% for a disk-like low aspect ratio self-propelling oblate spheroid. Moreover, we perform comparisons between blowing and suction and tangential surface velocity based boundary deformation propulsion mechanisms. Below an aspect ratio of 0.56 we find blowing and suction mechanism to be more efficient for self-propulsion of an oblate spheroid. In contrast, for a self-propelling pro-late spherical micro-swimmer, we show that the tangential surface tread milling consumes less power irrespective of the aspect ratio.

碩士
國立臺南大學
國語文學系碩士班
101
The picture book is one of the reading materials which children enjoy most. In addition to the joy they can obtain from the reading, children are able to have certain esthetic experience as being inspired by the elaborately drawn picitres. Moreover, they can seek for the role models which they can look up to in the piciture books. The authors and the drawing artists of "Hans Christian Anderson Awards Selection" start out their stories with the love for the children. They show the concern for the children by the arrangements of the story plots, the interactions of the characters, and the compoisitions of the pictures They aim to enable children to reach the goals for growing up, such as establishing positive life values, learning the meanings of life, and creating the true life values. Thus, children can be encouraged to stride for the True, the Beauty, and the Good.

Unbonded post-tensioned concrete slabs have been widely used in Canada and the United States since the 1960s, as they allow increased span-to-depth ratios and excellent control of deflections compared to non-prestressed reinforced concrete flexural members. The satisfactory fire performance of unbonded post-tensioned concrete slabs in North America was established by a series of standard fire tests performed in the United States during the 1960s. However, there is a paucity of data on the effect of elevated temperatures on cold-drawn prestressing steel, both in terms of post-fire residual mechanical properties and high-temperature stress relaxation, which can lead to significant prestress loss both during and after a fire. A detailed and comprehensive literature review is presented that provides background on the residual mechanical properties of prestressing steel, as well as on the creep-relaxation behaviour experienced at elevated temperatures under stress. The results of two test series are discussed; the first examining the effects of elevated temperatures on the residual mechanical properties of prestressing steel exposed to elevated temperatures. The second test series examines the irrecoverable and significant loss of prestress force that results from steel relaxation and other thermal effects experienced during heating. A preliminary analytical model is presented, capable of predicting the change in prestress force experienced by a stressed strand under transient heating. The model is then compared with experimental elevated temperature relaxation data. Finally, the analytical model developed and residual mechanical properties obtained through experimentation are used along with a pre-existing finite difference heat transfer model (developed for concrete slabs) to examine the effect of elevated temperature exposure on the residual flexural capacity of a typical unbonded post-tensioned example slab. Several parameters, such as heated length and concrete cover, are examined using the example structure. From this it was observed that, after one hour of exposure to a standard fire (ASTM E119), significant losses in effective prestress and moment capacity occurred even with the appropriate amount of concrete cover. This is a finding which is of the utmost practical importance to engineers engaged in the evaluation of fire damaged unbonded post-tensioned structures.
Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2007-12-18 17:15:17.521
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Department of Civil Engineering at Queen’s University

lthough extensive research work has been carried out on the drag reduction behavior of polymers and surfactants alone, little progress has been made on the synergistic effects of combined polymers and surfactants. A number of studies have demonstrated that certain types of polymers and surfactants interact with each other to form surfactant-polymer complexes. The formation of such complexes can cause changes in the solution properties and may result in better drag reduction characteristics as compared with pure additives. A series of drag-reducing surfactants and polymers were screened for the synergistic studies. The following two widely used polymeric drag reducing agents (DRA) were chosen: a copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate (referred to as PAM) and polyethylene oxide (PEO). Among the different types of surfactants screened, a cationic surfactant octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) and an anionic surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were selected for the synergistic study. In the case of the cationic surfactant OTAC, sodium salicylate (NaSal) was used as a counterion. No counterion was used with anionic surfactant SDS. The physical properties such as viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity were measured in order to detect any interaction between the polymer and the surfactant. The drag reduction (DR) ability of both pure and mixed additives was investigated in a pipeline flow loop. The effects of different parameters such as additive concentration, type of water (deionized (DI) or tap), temperature, tube diameter, and mechanical degradation were investigated. The addition of OTAC to PAM solution has a significant effect on the properties of the system. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixed surfactant-polymer system is found to be different from that of the surfactant alone. The anionic PAM chains collapse upon the addition of cationic OTAC and a substantial decrease in the viscosity occurs. The pipeline flow behaviour of PAM/OTAC mixtures is found to be consistent with the bench scale results. The drag reduction ability of PAM is reduced upon the addition of OTAC. At low concentrations of PAM, the effect of OTAC on the drag reduction behavior is more pronounced. The drag reduction behavior of polymer solutions is strongly influenced by the nature of water (de-ionized or tap). The addition of OTAC to PEO solution exhibited a week interaction based on the viscosity and surface tension measurements. However, the pipeline results showed a considerable synergistic effect, that is, the mixed system gave a significantly higher drag reduction (lower friction factors) as compared with the pure additives (pure polymer or pure surfactant). The synergistic effect in the mixed system was stronger at low polymer concentrations and high surfactant concentrations. Also the resistance against mechanical degradation of the additive was improved upon the addition of OTAC to PEO. The mixed PEO/SDS system exhibited a strong interaction between the polymers (PEO) and the surfactant (SDS), Using electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements, the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and the polymer saturation point (PSP) were determined. As the PEO concentration is increased, the CAC decreases and the PSP increase. The addition of SDS to the PEO solution exhibits a remarkable increase in the relative viscosity compared to the pure PEO solution. This increase is attributed to the changes in the hydrodynamic radius of the polymer coil. The pipeline flow exhibited a considerable increase in DR for the mixed system as compared to the pure PEO solution. The addition of surfactant always improves the extent of DR up to the PSP. Also the mixed PEO/ SDS system shows better resistance against shear degradation of the additive.