Journal articles: 'Lose or Draw'

1

Totman, Conrad. "Tokugawa Peasants: Win, Lose, or Draw?" Monumenta Nipponica 41, no. 4 (1986): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2384863.

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Johnston, Abby. "Win, Lose, or Draw: The New Nullification." Dissent 61, no. 2 (2014): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dss.2014.0042.

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Walsh, John P., You-Na Lee, and Taehyun Jung. "Win, lose or draw? The fate of patented inventions." Research Policy 45, no. 7 (September 2016): 1362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.03.020.

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Mason, T. David, Joseph P. Weingarten, and Patrick J. Fett. "Win, Lose, or Draw: Predicting the Outcome of Civil Wars." Political Research Quarterly 52, no. 2 (June 1999): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/449218.

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JENSEN, PETER S. "Commentary: The NIH ADHD Consensus Statement: Win, Lose, or Draw?" Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 39, no. 2 (February 2000): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200002000-00019.

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Mason, T. David, Joseph P. Weingarten, and Patrick J. Fett. "Win, Lose, or Draw: Predicting the Outcome of Civil Wars." Political Research Quarterly 52, no. 2 (June 1999): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591299905200201.

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Greig, J. Michael, T. David Mason, and Jesse Hamner. "Win, lose, or draw in the fog of civil war." Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, no. 5 (June 22, 2016): 523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894216649343.

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Civil war outcome studies have used expected utility logic to identify factors that affect actors’ estimates of the probability of victory, the payoffs from victory vs defeat, and the accumulated costs of fighting until victory is achieved. Tests have used static measures of national attributes and war characteristics, measured prior to the war or at its end. We use UCDP Georeferenced Event Data from 73 civil conflicts in Africa to estimate how changes in government and rebel tactical choices on where and when to fight battles affect expected utility estimates and, therefore, civil war outcomes.

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Wedeman, Andrew. "Win, lose, or draw? China’s quarter century war on corruption." Crime, Law and Social Change 49, no. 1 (February 2008): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9088-y.

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Haider-Markel, Donald P., Alana Querze, and Kara Lindaman. "Lose, Win, or Draw? A Reexamination of Direct Democracy and Minority Rights." Political Research Quarterly 60, no. 2 (June 2007): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912907301984.

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Brenner, Carl N. "Book Review: Win, Lose, or Draw: Domestic Politics and the Crucible of War." Armed Forces & Society 26, no. 2 (January 2000): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0002600213.

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Kepner, Raymond. "Influence of Hot Spring Phages on Community Carbon Metabolism: Win, Lose or Draw?" Advances in Microbiology 05, no. 09 (2015): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aim.2015.59066.

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Crilly, Tony. "How to play the triangle game." Mathematical Gazette 101, no. 550 (February 3, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2017.1.

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We are given n sticks of lengths 1, 2, 3, …, n and three are selected at random. Which selections enable a triangle to be formed?This question can be written in the form of a game: you win if a triangle can be formed from the three numbers interpreted as side lengths, you lose if they do not.We let ℕn = {1, 2, 3, …, n}, and see there are two variants of the game:•From ℕn draw at random three numbers sequentially. At each stage do not replace the drawn number.•From ℕn a number is drawn at random and is recorded. In three stages three numbers are drawn. Replace the number at each stage.

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Barreto, Flávio Vinicius Fonseca, Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos Silva, and Marcos Bezerra de Almeida. "Timeline, Scores and Results Prediction in Professional Men's Soccer FIFA World Cups (1930-2018)." Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes 25, no. 264 (May 20, 2020): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46642/efd.v25i264.1616.

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Professional men's soccer FIFA World Cup (FWC) takes place every four years, so it is an excellent opportunity to follow evolution in this modality. Hence, three objectives were set: a) to verify the trend of the average goals scored and score frequency; b) to analyze the association between first-half results and final results of matches; and c) to identify if half times results could predict matches outcomes. Thus, we analyzed all 900 FWC matches between years 1930 and 2018. Data were organized in goals scored and against in the first half and at the end of matches, first-half and matches outcome (win, draw or lose). Descriptive and trend analysis were carried out for the evolution of goals in FWC editions. A cross table was used to verify the final scores of matches, followed by an analysis of the association between partial results (first half) and final matches outcome, and a multinomial logistic regression to identify the match win odds ratio. It concludes that goals average in FWC has an undulatory trend; scores up to three goals were prevalent; first half win is associated to final win matches, and first half lose or draw increases odds to lose at the end of matches.

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Elaad, Guy, Artyom Jelnov, and Jeffrey Kantor. "You Don’t Need to Win, Just Don’t Lose: The Effect of Draw Outcomes on Soccer Coach Dismissals." Applied Economics Quarterly: Volume 64, Issue 4 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/aeq.64.4.351.

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Abstract This article deals with circumstances leading to the dismissal of a soccer coach. It is based on the performance of the top four professional soccer leagues in England over the past 12 years. We find that dismissals of coaches take place after losses, but not after draws. This is true even when the draw is disappointing and was unexpected. The scoring method in soccer leagues is biased in favor of wins, but we find that dismissals are linked with losses. The present article questions whether the aim of a dismissal is in line with the objective function of maximizing a soccer club’s league points. JEL classifications: Z22, Z20, J50 Keywords: Soccer Coach, Risk Aversion, Performance, Dismissal

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Jones, Michael A. "Win, Lose, or Draw: A Markov Chain Analysis of Overtime in the National Football League." College Mathematics Journal 35, no. 5 (November 2004): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4146842.

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Jones, Michael A. "Win, Lose, or Draw: A Markov Chain Analysis of Overtime in the National Football League." College Mathematics Journal 35, no. 5 (November 2004): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07468342.2004.11922094.

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Lahvička, Jiří. "The Fibonacci Strategy Revisited: Can You Really Make Money by Betting on Soccer Draws?" Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 8, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v8i2.832.

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This article investigates the strategy of betting on soccer draws using the Fibonacci sequence. In the previous literature, this strategy has been found to be both simple and profitable in both simulated and real betting markets, indicating that the soccer betting market is not even weakly efficient. First, the behavior of the Fibonacci strategy is analyzed in a simulated strongly efficient market. It is shown that the strategy is not and cannot be profitable in such a market; however, it could still be profitable in a real market under the following two conditions: first, some bets on draws have positive expected values; second, the amounts bet on such matches are high enough to more than compensate for expected losses from the other bets. This could happen if bookmakers underestimated the probability of a draw after a long string of non-drawn matches. The strategy is therefore tested on a real data set of almost 60,000 European soccer matches. Contrary to the previous findings, all tested versions of the Fibonacci betting strategy are found to lose money. The previous positive results could be explained by a very low number of trials.

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Matsubara, Miwa, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Jiang Xu, and Shotai Kobayashi. "Neural Correlates for the Suppression of Habitual Behavior: A Functional MRI Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 6 (July 2004): 944–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929041502643.

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It has been suggested that inhibitory executive control of behavior is directed by the frontal lobes. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the brain regions that are involved in the inhibition of habitual manual responses. Fifteen right-handed subjects performed the rock–scissors– paper game against computer-simulated pictures of hands during the scanning procedure. The subjects were required to win, lose, or draw against the presented picture in a separate block. We considered that the situation in which subjects intentionally lost the game required the suppression of habitual behavior, because it is natural behavior for people to attempt to win the game. Compared with the WIN and DRAW conditions, the left premotor and sensorimotor areas were activated for both hand sessions with a positive correlation with error rates. Importantly, the LOSE condition in the case of the right hand yielded brain activation exclusively in the anterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, the activity which showed a negative correlation with error rates. Overall brain activations were predominant in the left hemisphere, irrespective of the hand used for the response. The results suggest that the anterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus plays a critical role in the inhibition of habitual manual behavior, and that the left hemisphere is dominant for the selection of well-learned manual behavior.

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Carlin, Caitríona M., Thomas J. Hayden, Dómhnall J. Jennings, and Martin P. Gammell. "Win, lose or draw: a comparison of fight structure based on fight conclusion in the fallow deer." Behaviour 142, no. 4 (2005): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539054012001.

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Fessi, Mohamed Saifeddin, and Wassim Moalla. "Postmatch Perceived Exertion, Feeling, and Wellness in Professional Soccer Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0725.

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Purpose: To assess postmatch perceived exertion, feeling, and wellness according to the match outcome (winning, drawing, or losing) in professional soccer players. Methods: In total, 12 outfield players were followed during 52 official matches where the outcomes (win, draw, or lose) were noted. Following each match, players completed both a 10-point Borg scale modified by Foster and an 11-point Hardy and Rejeski scale rating of perceived feeling. Rating of perceived sleep quality, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness was collected separately on a 7-point scale the day following each match. Results: Player rating of perceived exertion was higher by a very large magnitude following a loss compared with a draw or a win and higher by a small magnitude after a draw compared with a win. Players felt more pleasure after a win compared with a draw or loss and more displeasure after a loss compared with draw. The players reported a largely and moderately better perceived sleep quality, less stress, and fatigue following a win compared with a draw or a loss and a moderately bad perceived sleep quality, higher stress, and fatigue following a draw compared with a loss. In contrast, only a trivial-small change was observed in perceived muscle soreness between all outcomes. Conclusion: Match outcomes moderately to largely affect rating of perceived exertion, feeling, sleep quality, stress, and fatigue, whereas perceived muscle soreness remains high regardless of the match outcome. However, winning a match decreases the strain and improves both pleasure and wellness in professional soccer players.

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Banerjee, Arindam, and Suresh Divakar. "Price Thresholds in a Promotion Intensive Retail Environment: Implications on Consumer Purchase Behaviour and Managerial Insights." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 26, no. 2 (April 2001): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920010203.

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How do consumers behave when they are confronted with price promotions at the retail level? Do they buy as much as they can and stock for future? Do they postpone their purchases in anticipation of further price cuts? Do they decide not to buy at all? What do these responses mean to the retailer? Does he maximize his sales? Does he maximize his profits? Does he lose? In this article, Banerjee and Divakar examine the behaviour of the consumers in a promotion intensive retail environment. Based on their findings, they draw implications for promotion management in the retailing context.

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Walsh, Justin T., and Vikram K. Iyengar. "Win, Lose, or Draw: Effects of Residency, Size, Sex, and Kinship on High-Stakes Larval Contests in a Moth." Ethology 121, no. 8 (April 24, 2015): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12388.

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Epstein, Lee, and C. K. Rowland. "Debunking the Myth of Interest Group Invincibility in the Courts." American Political Science Review 85, no. 1 (March 1991): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962886.

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Research on interest group litigation has provoked a reevaluation of the conventional wisdom about the study of pressure group activity and judicial politics. Nevertheless, the notion that interest groups are intrepid litigators that rarely lose to nongroup adversaries persists unchallenged and unscathed. We seek to determine if groups are, in fact, as invincible as the literature suggests. Several findings emerge that may undermine conventional wisdom about the relative efficacy of group-sponsored litigation. Most important is that groups are no more likely than nongroups to win, at least in U.S. District Courts. Based on this and other results, we draw a number of conclusions about interest group litigation and the direction into which future study might head.

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Quarto, Angelo. "La politica fiscale nel settore turistico: un confronto internazionale." Rivista di Scienze del Turismo - Ambiente Cultura Diritto Economia, no. 1-2 (April 2014): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/rst-2013-01-02-quar.

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Fiscal policy plays a key role in the competitiveness of the economic system of a country, and in particular in tourism. Specific tourism taxes such as airport taxes, accommodation, etc. have to be added to the already high tax burden on all the productive sectors. Such taxes increase the level of prices of tourist products and services, further reducing the competitiveness of the sector. Some studies show that the tourism sector is experiencing high levels of demand elasticity with respect to price, just a slight increase in the prices of tourism products (due to the increase in taxes) in a country is enough to lose tourists, as they turn to cheaper destinations. The measures of the economic policy should take into account the potential of the tourism sector to generate income and employment, addressing interventions for the sector to draw a policy that increases the competitiveness of the sector and that is focused on what is happening in competitor countries. Starting from the competitiveness of Italian tourism, the study will draw a picture on taxes in the tourism sector, analyzing the positive and negative effects of this approach, and then comparing the Italian situation with other European countries.

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Wang, Nan, and Jing Hua Sha. "The Initial Research of RB Programming Model and Quantity System for Private Investor in China Future Markets." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1843.

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Recently, it is very fast of the development in China future markets. From 2009, it is continuously becoming the largest market in the world. Its use is more and more important in our economic life. Future is a zero sum market and the traders as a whole are the loser. The traders contribute a lot of fee and cost to the market. 70% of them cannot win. Evermore, the private traders feel hard to survive. So, this article studies the fast growing programming system and quantity models in future markets, to develop the weapon and enlarge the tools for private traders. The goal and the value of this article are to gain the winning expectation and control the risk under the accepted scope. The researching target is RB, which is one of the most active commodity. Based on Directive Movement Indicator model we improve, design and build My_DMI_RB trading system in WenHua software platform. Running and testing it with the real market data from March, 2009 to January, 2014. At last, the paper draw the conclusion that the winning expectation model under stop lose controlling can be realized and validated based on the analyze to the result processing. Furthermore, the suggestion for next step improvement is issued as well.

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Dobkowski, Mariusz. "The figure of Sethel in the Medinet Madi Manichaean Writings: A result of the influence of the Gnostic Sethianism? Observations on Manichaeism as a religious system." U Schyłku Starożytności : studia źródłoznawcze, no. 17/18 (April 2, 2020): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36389/uw.uss.18-19.1.2.

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In the Manichaean Coptic Psalm-Book (c. ad 400) we find a hymn (PsB 144.1–146.13) addressed to Sethel/Seth. Hence, a French scholar, André Villey, titled it Hymne à Seth. This is an interesting work, since the biblical figure of Seth is the eponym of one of the two most important movements of Gnosticism, namely Sethianism. In my paper, firstly, I study the characteristics of the figure of Sethel/Seth in the Manichaean writings from Medinet Madi; secondly, I examine whether, as for Sethel/Seth, we can talk about the influence the Sethians on ‘the religion of Light’ or, on the contrary, whether his figure in the Manichaean writings was an original, Manichaean, reinterpretation. Finally, this analysis allows us to draw two important conclusions regarding Manichaeism as a religious system. The first of them is that the Manichaeans drew on a broad base of Judaeo-Christian literature, not only from Gnostic Sethianism. The other is that Manichaeism caused external figures such as Seth/Sethel to lose some of their characteristics in the process of being adapted to the needs of the mentioned religion.

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FELIX, BRUNO. "O Self que (não) fala: um modelo baseado em identidades sobre voz e silêncio de empregados." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 18, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120190037.

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Abstract The literature on employee voice and silence has typically explored these behaviors as being motivated by calculative-instrumental purposes (what will I gain/lose if I volunteer information?). I argue that voice and silence are social-functional behaviors that are embedded within everyday interactions at work, and I draw on social identity theory to propose an identity-based model of employee voice and silence (how does speaking up affect my definition of who I am?). The presented model explains how individuals can volunteer information or remain silent by preserving or restructuring their sense of self in the face of identity threats. I also explore the conditions for each identity-based speaking behavior and offer contributions to both the Organizational Behavior and Industrial Relations literature on employee voice and silence.

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FELIX, BRUNO. "The (un)speaking self: an identity-based model for employee voice and silence." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 18, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120190037x.

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Abstract The literature on employee voice and silence has typically explored these behaviors as being motivated by calculative-instrumental purposes (what will I gain/lose if I volunteer information?). I argue that voice and silence are social-functional behaviors that are embedded within everyday interactions at work, and I draw on social identity theory to propose an identity-based model of employee voice and silence (how does speaking up affect my definition of who I am?). The presented model explains how individuals can volunteer information or remain silent by preserving or restructuring their sense of self in the face of identity threats. I also explore the conditions for each identity-based speaking behavior and offer contributions to both the Organizational Behavior and Industrial Relations literature on employee voice and silence.

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Mendelberg, Tali, Christopher F. Karpowitz, and J. Baxter Oliphant. "Gender Inequality in Deliberation: Unpacking the Black Box of Interaction." Perspectives on Politics 12, no. 1 (March 2014): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592713003691.

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When and why do women gain from increased descriptive representation in deliberating bodies? Using a large randomized experiment, and linking individual-level speech with assessments of speaker authority, we find that decision rules interact with the number of women in the group to shape the conversation dynamics and deliberative authority, an important form of influence. With majority rule and few women, women experience a negative balance of interruptions when speaking, and these women then lose influence in their own eyes and in others’. But when the group is assigned to unanimous rule, or when women are many, women experience a positive balance of interruptions, mitigating the deleterious effect of small numbers. Men do not experience this pattern. We draw implications for a type of representation that we call authoritative representation, and for democratic deliberation.

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Shariff, Mary J., and Darcy L. MacPherson. "The Slings and Arrows of Outrageous Fortune: Can You “Lose” the Lottery but Still Win?" Alberta Law Review 48, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr146.

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This article discusses potential legal arguments that can be made for a lottery player in a seemingly hopeless situation: buying a winning lottery ticket immediately before the deadline, only to find out that the ticket was mistakenly dated for the next week’s draw. Although the lottery rules and regulations and the courts’ interpretation thereof are strongly slanted against lottery players, the authors nevertheless argue that a consistent and coherent application of traditional contract law principles could favour the claimant. They note that Canadian courts have rarely been consistent in their application of contract law to lottery situations, with courts sometimes characterizing lottery advertisements as both an offer and an invitation to treat. Even so, whether the lottery corporation is construed as the offeror or the offeree, the authors contend that a diligent analysis of the formation of the underlying contract could entitle the claimant to the prize. The article concludes that the regulatory framework governing lotteries does not necessarily preclude the acceptance of contract law arguments in favour of the claimant. Rather, it is the courts’ tendency to analyze the contractual elements of the relationship between the player and the lottery corporation in a haphazard manner that has been the source of frustration for many lottery players across Canada.

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Stavrova, Olga, and Thomas Schlösser. "Solidarity and Social Justice: Effect of Individual Differences in Justice Sensitivity on Solidarity Behaviour." European Journal of Personality 29, no. 1 (January 2015): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1981.

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We investigate the effect of individual differences in justice sensitivity (JS) on giving behaviour in a solidarity game, its potential moderators and the underlying psychological mechanisms. In a solidarity game, subjects are asked to make decisions about transferring money to other players in a case in which they win a random draw and the other players lose. The results of four studies showed the following: (1) JS explains a unique portion of variance in the solidarity behaviour, above and beyond other basic personality dimensions (e.g. HEXACO model); (2) its effect does not depend on contextual factors, such as the degree of moral entitlement not to share and the possibility to attribute the recipients’ disadvantage to their own responsibility; and (3) individual differences in the emotions anticipated in response to different outcomes of a random draw and the cognitive interpretation of the allocation situation partially mediate the effect of JS on solidarity behaviour. We also provided the first evidence that JS predicts individual differences in the propensity to take away others’ earnings (antisocial behaviour). The results are discussed with respect to the research on personality as a predictor of prosocial and antisocial behaviour. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Carroll, Penelope, Octavia Calder-Dawe, Karen Witten, and Lanuola Asiasiga. "A Prefigurative Politics of Play in Public Places: Children Claim Their Democratic Right to the City Through Play." Space and Culture 22, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331218797546.

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Children have as much “right” to the city as adult citizens, yet they lose out in the urban spatial justice stakes. Built environments prioritizing motor vehicles, a default urban planning position that sees children as belonging in child-designated areas, and safety discourses, combine to restrict children’s presence and opportunities for play, rendering them out of place in public space. In this context, children’s everyday appropriations of public spaces for their “playful imaginings” can be seen as a reclamation of their democratic right to the city: a prefigurative politics of play enacted by citizen kids. In this article, we draw on data collected with 265 children in Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand, to consider how children’s playful practices challenge adult hegemony of the public domain and prefigure the possibilities of a more equal, child-friendly, and playful city.

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Campbell, Richard, and Lewis Pepper. "Organizational Downsizing: Implications for the Health of Survivors." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 12, no. 2 (August 2002): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3mbw-hqxr-qr1y-3au7.

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Public health has a long-standing interest in the adverse consequences of unemployment and job loss upon the physical and emotional health of those who lose their jobs. In recent years, the emergence of organizational downsizing as a commonplace phenomenon directs attention to an entirely new area of concern: the impact of downsizing on those who keep their jobs and continue to work in the new work environment. In this article, we examine the multi-dimensional ways in which downsizing affects the survivors of downsizing and changes their working conditions, social relationships, and emotional well-being. We draw upon qualitative results from research with survivors of downsizing undertaken by the U.S. Department of Energy to highlight survivors' own accounts of the downsizing experience. These experiences suggest that a greater voice in workplace affairs is a critical public health intervention.

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Townsend, Julie. "Un-fixing Baker: Against a Criticism of Stasis." Modernist Cultures 9, no. 1 (May 2014): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2014.0074.

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Much of the biographical and critical work on Josephine Baker seeks to recuperate Baker from discursive and visual layers of racialized colonial vestments and proposes to repair her story by putting Baker in the role of agent. This locks Baker into a counter-narrative that minimizes the complexity and context of her performances; arguably, these methods lose sight of the aesthetic and political implications of a dancing body that incorporated and put into motion wildly disparate elements and influences. The methodological problems posed by the nature of Baker's work present an opportunity to develop a critical approach that resists fixity in favor of mobility. Methodologies that sustain discursive mobility will equip our critical work to engage with the aesthetic production of the dancing body. In the case of Baker and perhaps more widely, we might draw upon emerging methods that shift critical foci from solid arguments to mobile analyses.

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Riggs, Damien W., and Clare Bartholomaeus. "Cisgenderism and Certitude." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-4291529.

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Abstract In accounting for their experiences of having a transgender child, cisgender parents often make recourse to a trope of loss to account for their journeys. A focus on loss is also evident in guides for parents and academic writing. In this article, the authors seek to produce an alternative account of loss, one that shifts the focus away from transgender children themselves and onto the broader context in which parents and their transgender children live, with a particular focus on schools. Specifically, the authors consider how cisgenderism produces a loss of certitude for parents, in that parents lose the invisible privileges that accrue to those who occupy an unmarked place within the cisgender norm. To do this, the authors draw on survey data from sixty Australian cisgender parents of transgender children, exploring specifically how they spoke about experiences with schools, both negative and positive.

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Habinek, Jacob, and Heather A. Haveman. "Professionals and populists: the making of a free market for medicine in the United States, 1787–1860." Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwy052.

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AbstractIn the early decades of the 19th century, physicians in the USA enjoyed unquestioned authority in medicine and increasing state recognition. But by mid-century, their monopoly had given way to a raucous free market for medical care. To explain the causes and consequences of this dismantling of a professional monopoly, we draw on political sociology. We argue that to maintain a monopoly, a dominant profession must defend its cultural authority against rival claims and preserve its institutional support from the state. A dominant profession can lose its monopoly if rival occupations mobilize to challenge its cultural authority and if populist political coalitions mobilize to repeal laws upholding professional monopolies. Our analysis, which covers all states in the Union by 1860, reveals that the dynamics of contention, both within the system of professions and in the wider political arena, can erode the foundations of professional monopolies.

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Nobari, Hadi, Norbert Keshish Banoocy, Rafael Oliveira, and Jorge Pérez-Gómez. "Win, Draw, or Lose? Global Positioning System-Based Variables’ Effect on the Match Outcome: A Full-Season Study on an Iranian Professional Soccer Team." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 5695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175695.

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The aim of the study was to determine the between-match and between-halves match variability of various Global Positioning System (GPS) variables and metabolic power average (MPA) in competitions, based on the match results obtained by professional soccer players over a full season. Observations on individual match performance measures were undertaken on thirteen outfield players competing in the Iranian Premier League. The measures selected for analysis included total duration, accelerations in zones (AccZ1, 2, and 3), decelerations in zones (DecZ1, 2, and 3), and MPA collected by the Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (WIMU). The GPS manufacturer set the thresholds for the variables analyzed as follows: AccZ1 (<2 m·s−2); AccZ2 (2 to 4 m·s−2); AccZ3 (>4 m·s−2); DecZ1 (<−2 m·s−2); DecZ2 (−2 to −4 m·s−2); DecZ3 (>−4 m·s−2). The results revealed significant differences between wins and draws for the duration of the match and draws compared to wins for the first- half duration (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.36 [−0.43, 1.12]), (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −7.0 [−8.78, −4.78], respectively. There were significant differences on AccZ1 during the first-half between draws and defeats (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −0.43 [−1.32, 0.46]), for AccZ3 in the second-half between draws and defeats (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 1.37 [0.48, 2.25]). In addition, there were significant differences between wins and draws (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.22 [−0.62, 1.10]), and wins and defeats for MPA in the first- half (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.34 [−0.65, 1.22]). MPA showed further differences between draws and defeats in the second- half (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.57 [−0.22, 1.35]). Descriptive analysis revealed differences between the first and second half for wins in AccZ2 (p = 0.005), DecZ2 (p = 0.029), and MPA (p = 0.048). In addition, draws showed significant differences between the first and second half in duration, AccZ1, AccZ2, and DecZ2 (p = 0.008), (p = 0.017), (p = 0.040), and (p = 0.037) respectively. Defeats showed differences between the first and second half in AccZ1, AccZ3, and MPA (p = 0.001), (p = 0.018), and (p = 0.003) respectively. In summary, the study reveals large variations between the match duration, accelerometer variables, and MPA both within and between matches. Regardless of the match outcome, the first half seems to produce greater outputs. The results should be considered when performing a half-time re-warm-up, as this may be an additional factor influencing the drop in the intensity markers in the second half in conjunction with factors such as fatigue, pacing strategies, and other contextual variables that may influence the results.

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Smith, M. A. L., and R. B. Rogers. "The Game Show Challenge: Catalyst for Student Participation in Plant Propagation." HortTechnology 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.8.2.238.

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The game-show format, used recurrently in an undergraduate-level, introductory plant propagation course, fostered a friendly, competitive incentive for students to master facts and concepts critical to understanding processes in plant physiology. Because student teams, rather than individuals, served as the contestants in each game, and because game points were never translated into grade points, participants and observers learned from and enjoyed the exercises without anxiety. Propagation-specific clues and questions were prepared for “Wheel of Fortune,” “Win, Lose, or Draw,” and other games. These were followed up at the end of each semester with several play-off rounds of a plant propagation variant of “Jeopardy!”, which served as an excellent means of course synthesis and review of key concepts. The format allowed for liberal use of humor as an effective pedagogical tool and resulted in the hands-on contributions of former students in construction of new game quizzes and puzzles for subsequent semesters.

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Wijaya, Kristian Florensio. "UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS ON EXTENSIVE READING STRATEGY IN VOCABULARY CLASS." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 3, no. 5 (September 21, 2020): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v3i5.p534-545.

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AbstractVocabulary is one of the essential elements of English Language Teaching. It is therefore important to ensure that the students are able to obtain sizable vocabulary knowledge during their academic performance. Extensive reading strategy played a major role in that process. Two research problems were proposed in this study. The first is to know the effectiveness of extensive reading strategy in vocabulary class. The second is to discover the significant improvement of English Language Education students’ vocabulary knowledge through extensive reading strategy. In this qualitative study, three research instruments: observation, classroom survey, and focus group discussion were employed. Qualitative content analysis was implemented to draw meanings out of the data gathered. Five major findings were as follows: (a) ELESP students viewed vocabulary as an important element in English language mastery (b) Loved reading extensively (c) Had limited time to read (d) Lose their reading motivation easily (e) Suggested regular checking of vocabulary books.Keywords: vocabulary, extensive reading strategy, qualitative content analysis

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KADERCAN, BURAK. "Making sense of survival: refining the treatment of state preferences in neorealist theory." Review of International Studies 39, no. 4 (February 11, 2013): 1015–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000538.

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AbstractThe assumption that ‘states' primary goal is survival’ lies at the heart of the neorealist paradigm. A careful examination of the assumption, however, reveals that neorealists draw upon a number of distinct interpretations of the ‘survival assumption’ that are then treated as if they are the same, pointing towards conceptual problems that surround the treatment of state preferences. This article offers a specification that focuses on two questions that highlight the role and function of the survival assumption in the neorealist logic: (i) what do states have to lose if they fail to adopt self-help strategies?; and (ii) how does concern for relevant losses motivate state behaviour and affect international outcomes? Answering these questions through the exploration of governing elites' sensitivity towardsregime stabilityandterritorial integrityof the state, in turn, addresses the aforementioned conceptual problems. This specification has further implications for the debates among defensive and offensive realists, potential extensions of the neorealist logic beyond the Westphalian states, and the relationship between neorealist theory and policy analysis.

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Rendón, María G. "“There's Nothing Holding Us Back”: The Enduring and Shifting Cultural Outlooks of Inner City Second–Generation Latinos." City & Community 18, no. 1 (March 2019): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12364.

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I advance knowledge on the cultural outlooks of inner city second–generation Latinos, specifically their views about getting ahead. I draw on a longitudinal study of 42 young men transitioning to adulthood from two neighborhoods in Los Angeles close to 150 interviews. Researchers have suggested urban contexts negatively impact the cultural outlooks of young men. I find urban conditions do not uniformly impinge on the outlooks of Latinos, but interact with their migrant histories and social capital. Specifically, Latinos’ segregation informs their beliefs in the American opportunity structure and their social support ties their faith in their ability to get ahead. Most respondents are “resolute optimists”: strong believers in the American Dream and optimistic about their chances to succeed. “Determined young men” lose faith in the American Dream but persevere, while “self–blamers” are harsh critics not of the American opportunity structure but their personal choices and behavior. Latinos’ outlooks vary and are fluid, shifting with structural conditions.

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Barnhart, Joslyn. "The Consequences of Defeat: The Quest for Status and Morale in the Aftermath of War." Journal of Conflict Resolution 65, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002720942585.

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Studies of the effect of past actions have focused on yielding without a fight. What happens, however, when states fight and lose? This article assesses the effect of defeat on a state’s behavior and finds that recently defeated states are more likely to initiate disputes than are undefeated or victorious states or states that fight to a draw. This aggression comes at the expense of states responsible for defeat and third-party states uninvolved in the original defeat. The analysis below examines the validity of five potential explanations for postdefeat aggression, including models rooted in failed political objectives, an emotional desire for revenge and reputation-building and finds evidence in support for the latter two. These existing mechanisms fail, however, to explain a key finding—the systematic targeting of weaker, third-party states—which, I argue, is best explained by a desire to bolster the state’s status and confidence in the aftermath of defeat.

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Choi, Youngsoo, and Eunji Kwon. "Analysis of ELW Investor‘s Trading Pattern and P/L Reationship." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 22, no. 3 (August 31, 2014): 351–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-03-2014-b0001.

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Conventional study on the trading pattern of investors is either done in the viewpoint of the identity of investors or analyzed on the base of investor's type, which is categorized according to the number of transactions using only restricted security company data. Dataset in this paper is extended to all ELW series and investor's type such as the LP (Liquidity Provider). High-frequency traders are categorized on the base of average number of transactions per day and average trading volume per day. We analyze their trading pattern and relationship between P/L (profit and loss) and their trading pattern. Also We develop a new measurement tool, called the holding period, to comprehend the characteristic of high frequency trading and analyze the effect of holding period on P/L of investors. Our empirical investigation shows that, for general investors, 1) their counterparties are LP during the execution of buy low and sell high trading strategy, 2) they lose in the cumulative P/L for the intermediate transaction although their average sell price is more expensive than average buy price, 3) due to the lack of risk management technique such as stop loss, they lose in the cumulative intermediate transaction P/L although their winning ratio is higher than losing ratio. On the other hand, 1) scalpers are mainly engaged in trading index ELW market, 2) due to the appropriate execution of stop loss, they win in the cumulative P/L for the intermediate transaction although their draw ratio and trading unit price are high. Meanwhile, due to the LP's passive characteristic for the buying execution after selling, their draw ratio is very low and their buy unit price is higher than sell unit price in comparison to other investor type, and their trading pattern is negatively related to that of the other investor type. Finally we confirm that the holding period is a significant impact on P/L of general investors and scalper. As a policy proposal, it is necessary to introduce a market maker system in the individual stock options market for activating the stock options market, which has a more competitive market structure than ELW market. In the viewpoint of financial consumer protection, education on the time value reduction of contingent claim derivatives with finite maturity is necessary.

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Ray, James Lee. "Win, Lose, or Draw: Domestic Politics and the Crucible of War. By Allan C. Stam III. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. 239p. $44.50." American Political Science Review 91, no. 4 (December 1997): 1013–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952251.

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Matveevskii, S. S. "Current state of digital transformation of russian banks." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 10 (December 11, 2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-10-131-137.

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The paper presents current state of digital transformation of Russian banks. The author defines the digitalization of banks as the introduction of FinTech technologies, close cooperation with Fintech-companies. Digitalization has both positive and negative consequences: cyber risks are growing, financial stability is decreasing. The analysis allowed the author to draw conclusions that the digital transformation of Russian banks is characterized by: the complex implementation of BCBS scenarios and the interaction between banks and Fintechcompanies, the emergence of neo-banks; increased competition in the banking sector; innovative opportunities for the production and sale of banking services and products, the emergence of new risks; accumulation and use of large amounts of data; the need to significantly change the information systems of banks (growth in demand for the services of IT companies); the emergence of ecosystems in which non-banking organizations are actively involved; large costs of Russian banks, which, as a rule, leads to an improvement in their financial results (as a result, medium and small banks begin to lose in the market).

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Epstein, Richard A. "Taxation with Representation: Or, the Libertarian Dilemma." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900005464.

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Without question, the libertarian vision that envisions the use of state power to control force and fraud as a proper governmental function is one piece of any comprehensive political theory. But the hard-line libertarian goes astray in finding this the sole function of government or in thinking that the maintenance of order is possible without the imposition of taxes. Rather, the case for taxation rests on the familiar view that state coercion is sometimes necessary to overcome coordination problems. The justification for a minimal system of taxation therefore is that it provides more in benefits for the individuals taxed than they lose in revenue. Stressing the benefit shows the mistake in Nozick’s famous observation that taxation is “on a par” with forced labor. And the proper understanding of the logic of taxation shows the defects in the series of steps in demoktesis-or “ownership of the people, by the people, and for the people”-that Nozick offers to show how difficult it is to draw any clear line between taxation and slavery.

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Hoa, Phan Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thi Hoa, and Pham Thi Minh Chau. "Policy for Industrial Development in Era 4.0 In Some Pioneering Countries and Proposing to Vietnam." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.9.1527.

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Vietnam is considered to be a country with the advantage of a young and abundant labor force, which will not be a strength because robots will replace all manual jobs. In the future, people will lose their jobs, because robot technology can affect all industries such as textiles, services, entertainment to health, transportation, education. The paper analyzes policies that pave the way for 4.0 industry development in the eight most representative countries of the European Union. The author points out the most basic content and clarifies the key points of the policy that the so-called countries have followed, including identifying policy space, pursuing goals, and supply. funding, efficiency brought about, the focus and impacts of policies, governance and implementation, specific barriers and obstacles in each country. From there, draw lessons learned in planning, as well as implementing policies at the national level on industry 4.0 in Vietnam today. The author also made some suggestive suggestions about the policy direction to create a solid condition for Industry 4.0 to develop.

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Decoster, Stijn, Jeroen Stouten, and Thomas M. Tripp. "Followers’ reactions to self-serving leaders: the influence of the organization's budget policy." American Journal of Business 29, no. 3/4 (September 30, 2014): 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajb-12-2013-0076.

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Purpose – Even though leaders often are seen as responsible guides, they sometimes behave in a self-serving way, for example, by spending the company's budget on their own, frivolous needs. In this study, the authors explore an aspect of such behavior: the authors examine how an organizational budget policy makes such spending more legitimate in the eyes of followers. Specifically, the authors examine when followers will react to a leader's self-serving behavior as a function of: the role of organizational budget policies, and whether followers are directly affected by the leader's behavior. The authors test two particular budget policies, i.e. carry-forward vs non-carry-forward (a.k.a., “use-it-or-lose-it” budget policies), which differ on whether a department/team's allocations not spent by the end of the fiscal year flow back to the central administration. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Study 1 is a multi-source field study that should enhance the external validity of the results. Study 1 was analyzed with regression analyses and bootstrapping techniques. To be able to draw causal inferences, the authors also conducted an experimental study (Study 2). Findings – Followers react more negatively – by showing increased turnover intentions and decreased commitment and cooperation – to a leader's self-serving behavior in a carry-forward policy than in a use-it-or-lose-it budget policy. Thus, organizational policies, such as the budget policy, affect how followers react to self-serving leaders. Originality/value – The authors focus on self-serving leader behavior. The authors show that followers’ reactions to self-serving leaders are not necessarily negative and are influenced by the specific organizational context in which the self-serving behavior occurs. More specifically, the authors add to the literature by introducing budget policies as influencing followers’ reactions to leaders’ behavior.

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Rinderknecht, Jakob Karl. "CHURCH, Category, and Speciation." Open Theology 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2018-0004.

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Abstract The Roman Catholic definition of “church”, especially as applied to groups of Protestant Christians, creates a number of well-known difficulties. The similarly complex category, “species,” provides a model for applying this term so as to neither lose the centrality of certain examples nor draw a hard boundary to rule out border cases. In this way, it can help us to more adequately apply the complex ecclesiology of the Second Vatican Council. This article draws parallels between the understanding of speciation and categorization and the definition of Church since the council. In doing so, it applies the work of cognitive linguists, including George Lakoff, Zoltan Kovecses, Giles Fauconnier and Mark Turner on categorization. We tend to think of categories as containers into which we sort objects according to essential criteria. However, categories are actually built inductively by making associations between objects. This means that natural categories, including species, are more porous than we assume, but nevertheless bear real meaning about the natural world. Taxonomists dispute the border between “zebras” and “wild asses,” but this distinction arises out of genetic and evolutionary reality; it is not merely arbitrary. Genetic descriptions of species has also led recently to the conviction that there are four species of giraffe, not one. This engagement will ground a vantage point from which the Council‘s complex ecclesiology can be more easily described so as to authentically integrate its noncompetitive vision vis-a-vis other Christians with its sense of the unique place held by Catholic Church.

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Majumdar, Manabi, and Rahul Mukhopadhyay. "English immersion and Bangla floatation? Rendering a collective choice private." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2018, no. 253 (August 28, 2018): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-0024.

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Abstract This article aims to revisit the importance of nurturing reciprocal relationships of equality and enrichment between Bangla and English in the school life of children residing in the Indian state of West Bengal. We couple the descriptor “immersion” with English and “floatation” with Bangla to serve as metaphors for language ideology. After a brief review of the language in education policy in the country and in Bengal in both colonial and post-Independence periods, we draw on conversations with schoolteachers about the preference for English and the relative disregard for Bangla to present three basic arguments. First, there is no reason to be forced to choose between English and Bangla in Bengali education. There is even less reason – indeed, there are greater costs – to follow the policy of immersion in English and mere floatation in Bangla. Second, the equity-enhancing potential of “empowering people with English” may get neutralized if a disproportionate burden falls on the poor of purchasing minimal proficiency in English in schools providing “have-little” English. Third, unless English language training happens in the company of Bangla, children in schools of Bengal will lose a great opportunity to cultivate their freedom of self-expression.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lose or Draw'

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