Academic literature on the topic 'Loss percentage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Loss percentage"
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Vossler-Welch, Colette, and Ron J. Leavitt. "Evaluation of percentage hearing loss formulae." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, no. 5 (2013): 4235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4831563.
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Aljabri, Maryam, and Abobakir Elhaj. "Estimation of Grape Loss Percentage in Libya at Retailing Marketing." Academy Journal For Basic and Applied Sciences 7, no. 1 (2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15549084.
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Grape Loss is one of the most sereious issues that face grape industry in Libya. This loss is affected by many factors such as retaling circumstances. This research aims to estimate the percentage of grape loss considering the difficulties facing grape marketing. The study was conducted using an open-closed questionnaire with personal interviews to collect data about the response of grape retailers to questions about recent situations of grape markting in some regions of west of Libya. Cronbach’s Alfa test was done to measure the stability and reliability, and descriptive analysis performed for the evaluation of the response according to the demographic properties of the representative samples and the properties of marketing locations to calculate the percentages, weighed mean, standard diviation and to determine the general response using the Fifth Likart Scale. Grape loss percentages were also estimated according to the retailers’ experience. Chronpach’s alpha test showed that the used questionnaire has strong stability and reliability coefficient allowing to analyze its data trustfully. The survey about the garpe supply and selling conditions indicated the lack of the minimum requirement for better marketing. Descriptive analysis for demographic elements showed that most of grape sellers are young and jobless people with poor experience dealing with grape marketing. The descriptive analysis for properties and data of the representative samples showed contrastive responses regarding time, distance of transportation and properties of marketing places. The percentages, weighed means and the overall responses accoding to the Fifth Likart Scale varied between the quitionannire axes and indicators. The findings showed that the grape loss percentage at retail selling reaches 20% according to reatilers estimations expressing the real marketing problems in grapes marketing in Libya. Thus, it is recommended to raise awareness and continous control to minimize grape loss and encourage grapes industry in the country.
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Wenzel, W. G. "The inheritance of percentage moisture loss in sorghum leaves." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 5, no. 2 (1988): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.1988.10634265.
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Masrur, Mario A., Luis Fernando Gonzalez Ciccarelli, Roberto Bustos, et al. "Preoperative Weight Loss as a Predictor of Percentage Excess Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 227, no. 4 (2018): e75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.08.201.
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Lim, Hyoung-Ji, Hee-Taik Kang, and Jae-Woo Lee. "Recent Trends in Weight Loss Attempts: Data From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 30, no. 5 (2018): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539518770464.
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Obesity is global health concern. It is important to understand trends in weight loss attempts from a preventive health standpoint. This study aimed to investigate trends in weight loss attempts among Korean adults. Data from 81 605 adults ≥18 years who participated in the 2005 to 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Participants were classified into 5 groups by body mass index. The percentage of weight loss attempts was standardized with the 2010 Korean Housing Census. The percentage of weight loss attempts increased significantly over time in both sexes. Stratified subgroups showed various trends in the percentage of weight loss attempts by the subjects. In particular, older men aged 60 to 69 years and ≥80 years and women aged 70 to 79 years showed significant increasing trends in the percentage of weight loss attempts. More obese subjects attempted to lose weight more frequently during the entire survey period in both sexes.
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Lipiwattanakarn, Surachai, Suparak Kaewsang, Natchapol Charuwimolkul, Jiramate Changklom, and Adichai Pornprommin. "Theoretical Estimation of Energy Balance Components in Water Networks for Top-Down Approach." Water 13, no. 8 (2021): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081011.
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The energy balance calculation for pressurized water networks is an important step in assessing the energy efficiency of water distribution systems. However, the calculation generally requires mathematical modelling of the water networks to estimate three important energy components: outgoing energy through water loss (El), friction energy loss (Ef) and energy associated with water loss (EWL). Based on a theoretical energy balance analysis of simplified pipe networks, a simple method is proposed to estimate El, Ef and EWL with minimum data requirements: input energy, water loss (WL) and head loss between the source and the minimum energy point (ΔH). By inclusion of the head loss in water networks into the estimation, the percentages of El and EWL are lower and higher, respectively, than using only the percentage of WL. The percentage of Ef can be a function of the percentage of ΔH. By demonstrating our analysis with the simulation results from the mathematical models of 20 real water networks, the proposed method can be used to effectively estimate El, Ef and EWL as a top-down energy balance approach.
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Huang, Gang, Qin Yang, and Zhong B. Wang. "Extraction and Deproteinization of Mannan Oligosaccharides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 65, no. 5-6 (2010): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2010-5-611.
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Extraction of mannan oligosaccharides from the yeast cell wall and methods of deproteinization were studied. We extracted crude mannan oligosaccharides by the dilute alkali- Sevage method. The percentages of deproteinization and mannan oligosaccharide loss were compared as indexes using the Sevage method, trichloroacetic acid method, and hydrochloric acid method. The results showed that the hydrochloric acid method exhibited the highest percentage of deproteinization, but only a little higher percentage of mannan oligosaccharide loss than the other two methods.
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Onyekwere, Okwuchi Smith, Chiawolamoke Ihenwokeleme Orji, and Kindness Alfred Uyanga. "Determination of percentage zinc loss during melting of zinc scrap in a crucible furnace." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 1, no. 1 (2019): 022–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4467121.
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During the melting process of zinc scraps, not all the zinc metals in the scrap are recovered. This article evaluates the extent of zinc loss during melting of zinc scraps. Zinc scraps were melted in a charcoal-fired crucible furnace, and the percentage zinc loss was determined. Two modes of zinc loss were observed – zinc loss through evaporation and zinc loss through the dross. It was determined that 2.2 percentage of the total zinc was lost through evaporation while 10.8 percentage of the total weight was lost in the dross when zinc scrap was melted without fluxing. The total zinc loss when zinc scrap was melted without fluxing was found to be 13 percent. With fluxing, using chloride-salt based flux (17% KCl, 20% NaCl, 63% ZnCl<sub>2</sub> salt system), 0.79weight percent and 1.74weight percent was lost through evaporation and dross respectively. The total zinc loss was reduced to 2.53weight percent with fluxing. This work will help foundrymen in method and economic decision making when working on zinc scraps.
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Namryoung Lee and Kyung-Heon Kwon. "Revenue Recognition on Percentage of Completion Basis and Firm Value." International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 1 (2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3221.2020.
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Revenue recognition timing has caused conflicts between the reliability and usefulness of accounting information and become an important issue. Unbilled receivables are inevitable in long-term construction projects,but they can also result frompremature revenue recognition for earnings management. This study evaluated the correlation between unbilled receivables and earnings management,between unbilled receivables and firm value, and between unbilled receivables with loss allowances andfirm value from 2010 to 2016. The analysis results confirmed that companies engaged inearnings management viaunbilled receivables. Unbilled receivables had a significantly negative correlation with firm value. The result implied that unbilled receivables were interpreted as a signal of poor management,and the market responded negatively. However, for companies that had established loss allowances for unbilled receivables, the correlation results were not significant or less significantthan they were for companies without loss allowances. The results revealed that the market responded less negatively when loss allowanceswere established appropriately.
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Ahmad Fahrudin, Agus Hari Wahyudi, and Solichin Solichin. "Analisis Kehilangan Air Irigasi di Saluran Irigasi Colo Timur." Konstruksi: Publikasi Ilmu Teknik, Perencanaan Tata Ruang dan Teknik Sipil 2, no. 4 (2024): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/konstruksi.v2i4.563.
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The analysis of water irrigation loss is very importance, as the loss of water in irrigation canals may have a detrimental impact on the overall performance of the irrigation system. The occurrence of water loss can be attributed to a multitude of factors, including damage to the channel, evaporation, seepage, and other phenomena that diminish the usability of the water in question. Consequently, an analysis of water loss can assist in determining the quantity of water lost, as well as the factors that contribute to the occurrence of water loss. This enables the implementation of preventive and corrective measures to enhance the efficiency of water usage. The objective of this study is to ascertain the value of water loss in the secondary channel of the East Colo Irrigation Area. The research methodology entails direct field measurement of water irrigation loss. The results demonstrate that the average value of the percentage of water loss from the Geneng Secondary channel is 11.07%, with a maximum water loss percentage of 23.66% and a minimum water loss percentage of 2.84%. In the Pulosari Secondary channel, the average value of the percentage of water loss is 13.82%. In the Krikilan Secondary channel, the maximum water loss percentage was observed to be 18.38%, while the minimum is 9.36%. The average value of the percentage of water loss was found to be 22.81%, with a maximum of 26.01% and a minimum of 19.22%. The factors that cause water loss obtained an average percentage value of water loss due to evaporation of 0.22% in the Geneng Secondary channel, 0.04% in the Pulosari Secondary channel, and 0.01% in the Krikilan Secondary channel. For the average percentage value of water loss due to seepage of 0.001% in the Geneng Secondary channel, 0.0001% in the Pulosari Secondary channel and Krikilan Secondary channel.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Loss percentage"
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Angus, Jennifer Michelle. "A Study of Clinical Outcomes Using Serum Albumin and Percentage of Weight Loss following Nutritional Intervention in Post-Operative Bariatric Patients." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2144.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if post-operative serum albumin and percentage of weight loss improved in patients who received formalized pre-operative nutrition counseling. Nutrition intervention was measured quantitatively. A retrospective review of records was conducted on 77 RYGB patients (68 female subjects and 9 male subjects), ages 21-64, during January 2001 through January 2006.
The results indicated that patients who received pre-operative nutrition intervention had better clinical outcomes of serum albumin than those with no nutrition intervention from a registered dietitian. However, outcomes regarding percentage of weight loss varied. Both pre-operatively and at the 3 month post-operative visit the weight of subjects who received nutrition intervention seemed to be increasing by the 6 month post-operative visit the subjects with no nutrition intervention had lost more weight.
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Strauss, Susan. "Noise-induced hearing loss : prevalence, degree and impairment criteria in South African gold miners." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23347.
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Despite the preventability of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) a high prevalence is still reported in South African mines. The study aimed to describe the hearing of gold miners pertaining to the prevalence and degree of NIHL and effectiveness of current RSA impairment criteria to identify NIHL. The audiological data, collected between 2001 and 2008, of 57 714 mine workers were investigated in this retrospective cohort study. Data was accessed through the mine’s electronic database and exported to Microsoft Excel 2007 worksheets. Participants were categorised in terms of noise exposure (level and working years), age, race and gender. Noise exposure levels were described in terms of a specific occupation and categorized into four groups based on dosimeter data received from the mine’s noise hygienist, namely: 1) Below surface (underground) noise exposure, ≥85 dB A, classified according to the South African regulations on the daily permissible dose of noise exposure8, named Noise Group 1; 2) Surface noise exposure, ≥85 dB A, named Noise Group 2; 3) No known occupational noise exposure, named control group; and 4) Uncertain levels of noise exposure, e.g. students and trainees, named Noise Group 4. The control group was matched with participants of noise group 1 and 2 based on gender, race and age at the most recent audiogram test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Measures of central tendency and variability were used with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and pairwise comparisons according to Fisher’s Least Squares Differences Approach (F test). Results indicated that noise exposed groups had significantly higher prevalence of high and low frequency hearing loss than the control group. High-frequency hearing loss was also present in the control group. The greatest differences in prevalence of hearing loss were observed at 3, 4 kHz and age group 36 to 45 years. Thresholds at 8 kHz were worse than expected and decline slowed down with age. High-frequency thresholds showed a non-linear growth pattern with age with a greater decline at 2 kHz with age in the noise-exposed population compared to the control group. Hearing deteriorated more across age groups with more noise-exposed years, and this deterioration was most visible after 10 to 15 working years and at 3 kHz. Females had better hearing than males across the frequency spectrum. Black males had significantly better high-frequency hearing than white males but significantly worse low-frequency hearing than white male counterparts. PLH values showed poor correlation (through statistical analyses) with other well-accepted hearing impairment criteria. To date this was the largest study conducted on the hearing of gold miners and the sample included a very large number of black males exposed to occupational noise (N=17 933). Values supplied in distribution table format are therefore unique and contribute greatly to the knowledge base.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology<br>unrestricted
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Krusely, Julian Joseph. "What Percentage of the Security Forces at MacDill AFB Experience Exposure to Noise in Excess of the OSHA PEL and the Air Force OEEL?" Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6286.
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Noise-related hearing loss has been listed as one of the most prevalent occupational health concerns in the United States for more than 25 years with approximately 30 million people in the US alone occupationally exposed to hazardous noise according to the Occupational Safety and Health Organization. Many people are aware of some risks the military members take every day being at war, but very few think about the risks of the members on a base located stateside. To this point, not much research has been done on these risks, and even less has been done on the hazardous noise risks these service members are subjected to. These workers typically work many days a week as well as long hours while being around loud noises for extended periods of time.
The purpose of this research study was to collect data on personal noise exposure for security forces at multiple locations at MacDill Air Force Base (AFB) to compare the results with the Air Force Occupational and Environmental Exposure Limit (OEEL) of 85 dBA for an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 90 dBA for an 8-hour TWA. Personal noise dosimeters were used for collecting personal noise exposure, and sound level meters were used for collecting area noise exposure. A Lieutenant at MacDill offered the data she was at liberty to divulge on the security forces for this study. Dosimetry testing was done at four locations, and sound level surveys were done at two locations, with one of the locations being tested by both, dosimeters and a sound level meter.
The results from this study show that the highest area noise is on the 26 ft Aluminum Boat at the helm with the sirens on while the boat moves at 25 knots with a noise level at 101.2 dBA, and the highest personal noise exposure was at the CATM section with an 8-hour TWA of 108.9 dBA. When taking the Air Force OEEL (>85 dBA) into account, three of the four locations were overexposed to noise hazards using personal noise dosimetry, but only one of the four locations were overexposed to noise hazards using personal noise dosimetry when using the OSHA PEL (>90 dBA).
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Koenig, Lionel. "Masquage de pertes de paquets en voix sur IP." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0010/document.
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Les communications téléphoniques en voix sur IP souffrent de la perte de paquets causée par les problèmes d'acheminement dus aux nœuds du réseau. La perte d'un paquet de voix induit la perte d'un segment de signal de parole (généralement 10ms par paquet perdu). Face à la grande diversité des codeurs de parole, nous nous sommes intéressés dans le cadre de cette thèse à proposer une méthode de masquage de pertes de paquets générique, indépendante du codeur de parole utilisé. Ainsi, le masquage de pertes de paquets est appliqué au niveau du signal de parole reconstruit, après décodage, s'affranchissant ainsi du codeur de parole. Le système proposé repose sur une modélisation classique de type « modèles de Markov cachés » afin de suivre l'évolution acoustique de la parole. À notre connaissance, une seule étude a proposé l'utilisation des modèles de Markov cachés dans ce cadre [4]. Toutefois, Rødbro a utilisé l'utilisation de deux modèles, l'un pour la parole voisée, l'autre pour les parties non voisées, posant ainsi le problème de la distinction voisée/non voisée. Dans notre approche, un seul modèle de Markov caché est mis en œuvre. Aux paramètres classiques (10 coefficients de prédiction linéaire dans le domaine cepstral (LPCC) et dérivées premières) nous avons adjoint un nouvel indicateur continu de voisement [1, 2]. La recherche du meilleur chemin avec observations manquantes conduit à une version modifiée de l'algorithme de Viterbi pour l'estimation de ces observations. Les différentes contributions (indice de voisement, décodage acoutico-phonétique et restitution du signal) de cette thèse sont évaluées [3] en terme de taux de sur et sous segmentation, taux de reconnaissance et distances entre l'observation attendue et l'observation estimée. Nous donnons une indication de la qualité de la parole au travers d'une mesure perceptuelle : le PESQ<br>Packet loss due to misrouted or delayed packets in voice over IP leads to huge voice quality degradation. Packet loss concealment algorithms try to enhance the perceptive quality of the speech. The huge variety of vocoders leads us to propose a generic framework working directly on the speech signal available after decoding. The proposed system relies on one single "hidden Markov model" to model time evolution of acoustic features. An original indicator of continuous voicing is added to conventional parameters (Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficients) in order to handle voiced/unvoiced sound. Finding the best path with missing observations leads to one major contribution: a modified version of the Viterbi algorithm tailored for estimating missing observations. All contributions are assessed using both perceptual criteria and objective metrics
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Porter, Terrence W. "The associations among collegiate tennis coaches' coaching efficacy, percentage of time spent teaching mental skills, and team performance (won-lost record)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010579.
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Chen, Chihua, and 陳綺華. "Predictive value of body weight loss percentage for hyperbilirubinemia in newborn on the first three days after birth." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67509110750652284731.
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碩士<br>亞洲大學<br>健康產業管理學系健康管理組碩士在職專班<br>101<br>Background: Although most newborns develop some degree of neonatal jaundice and is usually benign. Healthy, full-term infants are expected to lose weight in the first days following birth. Poor caloric intake can cause excessive weight loss in the first days of life and may contribute to the development of hyperbilirubinemia, and associated with the most prevalent diagnosis for readmission.
Objective: To analyze what constitutes normal neonatal weight loss, and when extra supplemental feedings should be considered to prevent significant hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review from January 2007 to December 2008, healthy, term newborns with a gestational age of more than 37 weeks and a birth body weight above 2500 gm were enrolled. We analyzed the association between body weight loss (BWL) percentage and significant hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin more than 15 mg/dL) 72 hours after birth, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the appropriate cut-off BWL percentages on the first three days after birth for the prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia 72 hours after birth.
Results: During the study period, 343 neonates were enrolled in our analysis. The mean birth body weight was 3119±352 gm, and the mean BWL percentage on day 3 was 7.07± 2.82%. In addition, 115(33.5%) of the newborns presented with significant hyperbilirubinemia 72 hours after birth. The mean BWL percentage on day 3 was 8.4±2.54%, and the mean total serum bilirubin（TSB）level was 16.8±1.36mg/dl (all p< 0.05) in the significant hyperbilirubinemia group. The BWL percentages within the first 3 days after birth all showed a significant correlation with significant hyperbilirubinemia 72 hours after birth. To predict significant hyperbilirubinemia 72 hours after birth, ROC analysis showed that the optimum cut-off points of BWL percentage were 3.32% on the first day of life (day 1) (sensitivity 68.7%; specificity 45.61%), 7.60% on day 2 (sensitivity 46.96%; specificity 74.12%) and 8.15% on day 3 (sensitivity 57.39%; specificity 70.18%) (all p< 0.05).
Conclusions: BWL percentages on the first three days after birth may serve as a predisposing factor for hyperbilirubinemia, and may also be a useful predicting factor for significant hyperbilirubinemia 72 hours after birth.
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"A Study of Clinical Outcomes Using Serum Albumin and Percentage of Weight Loss Following Nutritional Intervention in Post-Operative Bariatric Patients." East Tennessee State University, 2007. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1109107-205155/.
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ABATE, ELISA. "Water content as useful tool for predicting the risk of drought-induced plant mortality." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3212612.
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This Thesis provides experimental evidences about the reliability of the relative water content to predict the drought-driven vegetation die-off and die-back.
In the Introduction, I briefly discussed on the effects of global climate changes on plant fitness and survival, focusing on unresolved questions for identifying reliable indicator of plant mortality, a key issue to perform reliable plant mortality risk models and to realize vegetation monitoring programs.
In a first study, I recorded a significant impact of leaf water content and membrane damages on the impairment as well as on the recovery of the leaf hydraulic conductance, the “bottleneck” of plant water transport system. Moreover, in the measured species (i.e., P. nigra), a novel negative feedback mechanism linking leaf shrinkage to the leaf hydraulic conductance has emerged. These findings suggested that water content, but also leaf shrinkage, could be used as early indicator of hydraulic failure, a key indicator of whole plant drought resistance. Therefore, in a second study, I tested this hypothesis performing measurements on two Mediterranean native Salvia species. Results recorded in this second study led me to checked the impact of leaf hydraulic failure of the two Salvia species on whole plant hydraulic conductance as well as on its ability to recover from drought recovery. Then, I performed a fourth study aimed to check if and which plant organ water content is actually a reliable proxy of plant die-off.
The Conclusions chapter provides a general overview and synthesis on the key findings across these studies.
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Figueira, Vera Lúcia Nóbrega. "Preditores da perda de peso em crianças e adolescentes." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/45678.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia<br>Poucos estudos se têm dedicado a analisar a eficácia de programas de intervenção e os
factores preditores da perda de peso em crianças e adolescentes em tratamento, ao longo do
tempo. Neste sentido, o propósito deste estudo foi (1) analisar a adesão terapêutica e o grau de
satisfação relativamente ao tratamento e ao plano alimentar no momento follow up, (2)
identificar se o tempo e a intervenção foram preditores da perda de peso um ano após o início
do tratamento, e (3) avaliar a evolução do percentil ao longo do tempo. A amostra incluiu 35
crianças e adolescentes, utentes do Hospital de Braga, avaliados em quatro momentos
temporais distintos. Os participantes foram distribuídos por dois grupos: o de controlo (n=16)
e o de intervenção (n=19), que adicionalmente ao tratamento recebeu uma monitorização
através de mensagens de texto interativo. Os sujeitos forneceram informações sobre questões
sociodemográficas, antropométricas e de satisfação com o tratamento. Os resultados deste
estudo evidenciaram efeitos significativos no intervalo de tempo decorrido entre os momentos
de avaliação 3 e 4 (follow up), sugerindo que o tempo foi preditor da perda de peso. A
pertinência desta investigação prende-se com a tentativa de identificar preditores da perda de
peso nesta população.<br>Several studies have been devoted to analyzing the effectiveness of intervention
programs and the predictive factors of weight loss in children and adolescents in treatment
over time. Thus, the aim of this study was to (1) analyzing adherence to therapy, the level of
satisfaction with treatment and diet plan at the moment of the follow up, (2) identify if time
and intervention were weight loss predictor one year after the initiation of treatment, and (3)
assess the development of percentile over time. The sample included 35 children and
adolescents, patients of the Braga’s Hospital, assessed at four different time moments. The
participants were distributed into two groups: control (n = 16) and intervention (n = 19),
which additionally to the treatment, received monitoring by interactive text messages. These
participants provided information about socio-demographic, anthropometric issues and
satisfaction with treatment. The results of this study showed significant effects on the period
between the third and fourth moment (follow up), suggesting that time was a weight loss
predictor. The relevance of this research is related to the attempt of identifying predictors of
weight loss in this population.
Books on the topic "Loss percentage"
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Macrae, J. H. A procedure for determining percentage loss of hearing of clients with abnormally poor speech discrimination. National Acoustic Laboratories, 1991.
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Mingatin, Marat. Discussions around the percentage. Is there an alternative? INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1893196.
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A series of crises of the international financial system over the past two decades has led to the search for its new architecture. The main feature of the former financial system, which is still receiving a lot of attention at international forums, is the improvement of corporate governance, enhanced legal regulation and supervision. Although all of the above certainly helps in improving the reliability and stability of the financial system, but this is no longer enough. Strict discipline must be introduced into the financial system to ensure that the expansion of credit is not disproportionate to the real economy, and that it is possible to deprive credit for unproductive and speculative purposes. The Islamic financial system is focused on the introduction of such discipline. This is facilitated by the ways of financing PLS (profit — loss), their fair distribution and less dependence on credit.
 For undergraduates and postgraduates in the profile "Islamic Finance".
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Press, Blue. My Fit Life: Simple Weight Loss Journal for Women - Record Calories and Exercise - Simple Weight Tracker with Body Fat Percentage. Independently Published, 2020.
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Press, Blue. Feeling Better Already: Weight Loss Log Book - 1 Book 1 Year - Record Daily Calories and Exercise - Track Weekly Weight and Body Fat Percentage. Independently Published, 2020.
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Clements, Rhonda L. The effectiveness of a performance-based treatment and a verbal discussion-based treatment on changes in body fat percentage, eating self-efficacy, and health skills self-efficacy of female participants. 1991.
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Leite, Leonardo Canez. Direito e pesquisa: Um dossiê de artigos científicos - Volume 2. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-230-8.
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Essential to the administration of justice, the lawyer plays a key role in postulating a decision favorable to his constituent and convincing the judge. However, it is common in nature to the formation and performance of bad professionals, who, due to their inconsistent actions or omissions, cause damage, whether material or moral, in the face of claims to be reached by their contractors, forming in the popular imagination a pejorative stereotype regarding the performance. from the lawyer. However, it is part of this area, a very small percentage that denigrate the image of valuable operators of the law. Thus, the Civil Liability of the Lawyer before the Theory of the Loss of a Chance becomes possible, because through misery, lack of knowledge, among others, according to the Brazilian Bar Association, lead the professional services contractor. attorneys to suffer direct or indirect damages, as they see the possibility of obtaining any economic advantage or avoid an injury, given the lost chance. Thus, even if the damage is uncertain, but if concrete probabilities are present, it should be compensated, not for the unwanted end result, but for the mere loss of the chance of achieving it.
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Simon, Gleeson. Part IV Other Risks, 19 Operational Risk Requirements. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0019.
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Operational risk is the ‘risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems or from external events’. Banks are required to control their operational risk exposure. This chapter discusses the three approaches Basel 2 offers to determine operational risk: the basic indicator approach, the standardized approach, and the advanced measurement approach (AMA). The first two mechanisms which Basel provides for calculating operational risk eschew the analysis of operational risks themselves, and operate on a percentage of lead indicator basis. However, the third approach, i.e. the AMA, permits banks to assess the actual incidence and severity of operational risk within the institution, and to model a charge based on that information.
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Mills, M. G. L., and M. E. J. Mills. Coexistence and the cheetah’s relations with other carnivores. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712145.003.0009.
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In the southern Kalahari densities of large carnivores are relatively low, with the brown hyena the most abundant. Resource partitioning is well defined as each species tends to concentrate on the prey species it is best adapted to utilize, and they show dietary flexibility. Interactions between cheetahs and other large carnivores were rare and mostly inconsequential. Only 6.1% of kills were kleptoparasitized, with an average percentage loss of 65% per kill. Nearly all (82.6%) kills stolen, were stolen at night, were springbok, and the perpetrators were mainly lions and brown hyenas. Diurnal hunting largely counters kleptoparasitism, and anyway cheetahs are well adapted physiologically, through their daily energy expenditure, to cope with over 25% loss of kills. Jackals were often attracted to cheetah kills. Occasionally, if numbers grew to more than five, they could harass cheetahs into abandoning the kill prematurely. Jackals may also sometimes kill small cheetah cubs.
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Powell, John J. The effects of different percentages of dietary fat intake, exercise, and calorie restriction on weight and body composition in obese females. 1991.
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Bellosta-López, Pablo, Priscila de Brito Silva, Palle S. Jensen, et al. Recommendations for implementation of the topic musculoskeletal disorders in the occupational health and safety postgraduate programmes at European Universities. Prevent4Work, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54391/123456789/672.
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Historically, the role of professionals specialized in occupational health and safety (OHS) has emerged from the need to protect employers working in major risk industries such as nuclear plants and large-scale chemical industries in Europe. More recently, a few studies highlighted that the range of activities linked to safety management responsibilities includes monitor and prepare reports, inspection and auditing, regulatory compliance, emergency response, incident investigation, hazard and risk assessment, and training. Additionally, there are some supplementary non-safety related duties, such as including environmental responsibility. Considering that work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) are a major burden worldwide, adding up to 1.3 billion cases, more than 100 million years loss of disability-adjusted life years and that such disorders are common causes of disability and sick leave, this topic is highly relevant to OHS professionals. In EU Member States for which data are available, a large majority of all workers report complaints related to musculoskeletal disorders as their most serious work-related health problems. The percentage of workers reporting such complaints as their most serious health problem ranges from 40 % in Luxembourg to 70 % in Czech Republic and Finland. Furthermore, more than half of workers with musculoskeletal disorders reported taking time off work in a 12-month period. In the EU, 26 % of workers with musculoskeletal long-lasting disorders, that is lasting over 3 months, combined with other health problems report more than 8 days of absence per year. Higher Education Institutions (HEI) have a key role in disseminating and increasing accessibility to the most up-to-date evidence available regarding the impact and management of musculoskeletal disorders, to facilitate translation of knowledge to implementation in practice. This way, the Knowledge Alliance Prevent4Work for Preventing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders has elaborated this document with the most recent and relevant knowledge within the topic. HEI that offer courses within OHS as well as graduation and post-graduation courses for health professionals that work within the area, may benefit from the recommendations presented here.
Book chapters on the topic "Loss percentage"
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Eargle, John M. "Peutz’s Percentage Articulation Loss of Consonants (Alcons)." In Electroacoustical Reference Data. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2027-6_126.
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Bobalo, Taras, Yaroslav Blikharskyy, Nadiia Kopiika, and Myhailo Volynets. "Influence of the Percentage of Reinforcement on the Compressive Forces Loss in Pre-stressed RC Beams Strengthened with a Package of Steel Bars." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57340-9_7.
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Pinto, Maria Rita, Martina Bosone, and Francesca Ciampa. "Sustainable Reuse Indicators for Ecclesiastic Built Heritage Regeneration." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_60.
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AbstractIn the context of anthropogenic impacts on pollution and global warming scenarios, reject from the construction sector accounts for 36% of European waste. This waste percentage includes disused and abandoned buildings that have lost the value of their function over time. In order to reduce the ecological footprint they generate, the paper rethinks Recovery in its circular meaning to put these buildings back into a normal circuit of usability, improving the creation of resilient urban habitats. In particular, decommissioned ecclesiastical buildings constitute a huge quantity and significant quality heritage, as by cultural, perceptive, morphological and material values. The sustainable reuse of this heritage must act on its double impacting value: the tangible one linked to the material culture of the buildings and the intangible one, linked to the identity values of sediment instances. Through a comparison desk research of more than 140 cases of reuse on a European scale, the contribution arrives at a system of indicators that allow evaluating the reuse sustainable compatibility of these buildings, able to promote prosperity, inclusiveness and social equity. These indicators make it possible to assess the appropriateness of design actions aimed at mediating between the conservation of the built heritage and the transformative needs of contemporary instances. The results provide scenarios tool of sustainable recovery, capable of transforming waste into a resource, extending the life cycle of the ecclesiastical heritage and thus mitigating its environmental impact, as well as the cost related to the loss of cultural values and identity for the community.
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"Banks' Credit Losses Analysis." In Six Sigma DMAIC and Markov Chain Monte Carlo Applications to Financial Risk Management. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3787-5.ch007.
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This chapter analyses the credit losses of 200 bank customers. The bank has classified the customers into eight credit rating categories, starting with 1 – Normal to 8 – Default, with associated default probabilities, which are empirically calculated as average values from historical data collected. Every customer begins a year in a certain credit rating category, with a certain amount of credit exposure at default. By the end of the year, each customer has either defaulted or not. In case of default, the percentage that can be recovered is uncertain. A stochastic model is applied to calculate the total loss amount from those customers and the percentage lost, which is the total loss percentage of the total amount of exposure at default. Also, it applies functions at several confidence levels to find the amounts of reserve required to be confident in covering the losses.
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Lai, Charlotte, and Dennis Foung. "Generational Language Loss." In Exploring Multicultural Dimensions of Literary, Linguistic, and Educational Frontiers. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8196-0.ch003.
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This study investigates the change in proportion between first- and second-generation Vancouverites who consider English as their mother tongue. A subset of the 2021 Canadian Census was retrieved with data from 50,219 respondents and their reported mother language. A two-sample proportion test concluded that there was a 50.17% difference between the percentage of first- and second-generation Vancouverites reporting English as their mother tongue (z = 111.84, p < 0.01). This means that there are more second-generation immigrants considering English as mother tongue, not the language spoken by their parents. These findings suggest the impacts of socio-cultural influences on immigrants, as parents consciously prioritize English language proficiency for their child's success in a new country. This inadvertently leads to a gradual loss of language, and consequently, culture, over time. Policymakers and community leaders should consider intergenerational language loss when advocating for cultural diversity, recognizing the complex, intertwining relationship between language and culture.
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Mekel, Gabriel, Elizabeth Renza-Stingone, and Andres Castellanos. "Outcomes in bariatric surgery." In Oxford Textbook of Anaesthesia for the Obese Patient, edited by Ashish C. Sinha. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757146.003.0016.
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Multiple procedures have been developed since the early beginnings of bariatric surgery in the 1950s. Some outcome measures used to evaluate success in bariatric surgery include percentage of excess weight loss, length of hospital stay, and resolution of comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Surgery is considered successful for an individual patient if he or she loses more than 50% of their excess weight and resolves preoperative comorbid conditions.
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Drake, Christiana, Richard Levine, and Eugene A. Laska. "Identifying Prognostic Factors That Predict Recovery in the Presence of Loss to Follow-Up." In Recovery from Schizophrenia. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313673.003.0007.
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Abstract Typically, the identification of prognostic factors in longitudinal outcome studies is based on data from those individuals in the cohort who are not lost to follow-up (i.e., who have not been “censored”). Loss to follow-up is a common occurrence, and the longer the follow-up period the greater the chance it will occur. If the majority of subjects are uncensored, it is unlikely that estimates will be biased. But if the percentage of censored individuals is large, the likelihood of erroneous inference grows. Bias is not a problem if the mechanisms that govern loss to follow-up are statistically independent of the outcome measure. However, if this assumption does not hold, the possibility of bias must be considered.
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Izaques Bifi Scarparo, Jimi, and Bruno Sander. "Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty: Technique Evolution." In Practical Issues in Bariatric Surgery [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1006290.
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2019, 2.3 billion people were overweight worldwide. In Brazil, overweight already affects 52.5% of adults, and this rate has been increasing every year. New weight loss alternatives have emerged, including endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG), an endoscopic procedure that reduces stomach volume through internal sutures, to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and durability of ESG in patients undergoing a new endoscopic suturing technique, called Sander-Scarparo Technique, in obese patients. A retrospective study in two different health centers, with participants who underwent the Sander-Scarparo Technique in ESG, compares them to the traditional technique that was performed between July 2017 and December 2019. Participants were distributed into different groups, with follow-up time ranging from 12 to 48 months, depending on the interval between the procedure and data collection. All were at least 18 years old, had a minimum body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 (grade I obesity), and had no previous bariatric surgery. The variables that may influence the efficacy and durability of ESG were analyzed (suture patterns [U versus U + argon (with or without oversuture)]): “Sander-Scarparo Technique,” resuture, number of sutures, number of bites, weight loss (in kilograms), percentage of total body weight loss (%TBWL), percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL), argon plasma electrocautery, and complications and intercurrences, in a follow-up of up to 4 years after the procedure, at 12-month interval.
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Siegel, Bryna. "After the Diagnosis: Coping with a Sense of Loss." In The World of The Autistic Child. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076677.003.0007.
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Abstract When a couple plan to have a baby, the one thing they hope will not happen to them is having a child with a disability. If a couple is particularly worried, the mother undergoes amniocentesis; if the results are normal, parents are generally reassured. When the baby is born, if the delivery has gone well and the baby comes out healthy, everyone is joyous. A large percentage of physical and developmental anomalies are detected around the time of birth, so if the baby appears normal then, everyone stops worrying about having a baby with a disability. Almost always, at birth, the autistic baby is believed to be normal. Although a very small number of mothers felt there was something odd about their autistic baby from birth, most feel that there was nothing wrong.
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Calvo, Leonor, Sara Huerta, Víctor Fernández-García, et al. "The loss of ecosystem multifunctionality in Pinus pinaster forests as one of the main footprints of large wildfires." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_204.
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The main objective of this study was to analyse the effect of recurrence and burn severity on ecosystem multifunctionality in Pinus pinaster forests. We selected a large wildfire that occurred in the Sierra del Teleno in 2012 (NW Spain), where we differentiated two recurrences and two burn severity situations. As a result, four scenarios were identified: low recurrence plus low severity, low recurrence plus high severity, high recurrence plus low severity, high recurrence plus high severity. In each one, a number of 1 m x 1 m plots proportional to the burned area were established. Three years after the wildfire we evaluated in each plot: (1) percentage of covered soil, (2) total percentage cover of herbaceous species, (3) percentage cover of each woody species, (4) total plant species richness. Also, a composite soil sample was collected from each plot. Chemical (total organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus) and microbiological (microbial biomass carbon) properties were analysed in each soil sample. The following variables were used as indicators of ecosystem functions: percentage of covered soil, total cover of herbaceous species, Pinus pinaster cover, total plant richness, total organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, available phosphorus and microbial biomass carbon. Another indicator of ecosystem functions was calculated: floral colours of shrub species diversity using the Shannon index. The values of each ecosystem function indicator were standardized. The indicators/functions of regulating ecosystem services were: Climate regulation (indicator: total % of organic soil carbon) and Erosion protection (indicator: covered soil %). The functions/ indicators of supporting ecosystem services were: soil fertility (indicator: total nitrogen and available phosphorous) and soil quality (indicator: microbial biomass C). The indicators/functions of cultural ecosystem services were: species diversity (indicator: plant species richness) and aesthetic value (indicator: the Shannon index of floral colours). The functions/indicators of provisioning ecosystem services were: grass for livestock (indicator: % cover of herbaceous species) and timber production (indicator: % cover of Pinus pinaster). The results indicated that all scenarios apart from low recurrence plus low severity negatively affected the multifunctionality of the ecosystems.
Conference papers on the topic "Loss percentage"
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Hartt, William H. "Time-to-Corrosion Initiation for Chloride Exposed Reinforced Concrete with an Admixed Corrosion Inhibitor: Part II – Consideration of Diffusional Inhibitor Egress." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-3636.
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Abstract A previous paper (Part I) introduced a first-principles based equation whereby the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of chloride concentration ([Cl-]) at the reinforcement depth (x) after a given time is determined considering that all relevant variables (effective diffusion coefficient, surface Cl- concentration, and x) conform to a distribution rather than being distinct. Also considered were examples where the admixed corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite (CN) was present. By superimposing the limiting [Cl-] for CN effectiveness, as reported in the literature, upon the CDF([Cl-]) trends, the percentage of reinforcement elements for which this [Cl-] had been reached/exceeded was determined. Further, by employing a Load Resistance Factor Design type analysis, the percentage of elements for which corrosion initiation occurs was projected. In the present effort, the added consideration of diffusional inhibitor egress over time is taken into account; and the same determinations (percentage of elements for which, first, the critical [Cl-] has been reached/exceeded and, second, active corrosion has initiated) were made. Comparisons are provided between the CN loss and no loss cases and the results discussed in terms of admixed corrosion inhibitor effectiveness.
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Spoo, Kevin, Marie Kalinowski, and Terry Gano. "Following the Corrosion of E-Glass Composite Using SEM/EDX." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11372.
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Abstract The corrosion of E-glass by multiple corrosive media and most significantly by strong acids has been documented via multiple testing protocols. Bare glass weight loss in a corrosive media is often cited to gauge the performance of various glass fiber compositions. ASTM C581 testing is used to test composite flexural strength/modulus performance over time in a corrosive media under no stress. Stress-corrosion testing by Greenwood plots the deterioration of composite rods over time when exposed to both a corrosive media and multiple stress states. This paper follows the corrosion of E-glass & Advantex® (1) E-CR glass pultruded rods visually using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). It examines the corrosion via EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) and shows the mechanism by which 10% sulfuric acid destroys the composite rod. The most interesting observation is that the bond strength between resin and reinforcement is lost well before a significant percentage of glass has corroded.
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Presuel-Moreno, Francisco J., and Santiago Zapata. "Corrosion Propagation Monitoring of Legacy Samples and Forensic Analysis on Selected Samples." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00420.
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Abstract As part of a recent experimental campaign several samples prepared in 1994 with various concrete compositions were terminated. These samples were exposed outdoors to seawater wet/dry cycles from 1994 till 2019, and since then to outdoor marine exposure. The remaining samples were monitored since 2021 with galvanostatic pulse measurements and more recently using a commercial device. The terminated samples showed cracks on the concrete surface, a negative rebar potential and a high corrosion rate. One or more rebars were removed from the selected samples. In some cases, the three top rebars were removed, in other cases only one rebar or two rebars were removed. The rebar surface condition upon exposure was recorded by photographing the sample, then the rebars were cleaned by sandblasting the rebars with walnut sand. The cross-section loss as a function of length was measured by using a caliper with conical tip. The pitting factor was calculated using only the sections that showed corrosion, the non-corroding sections were not included to calculate the pitting factor. The percentage mass loss (η) values were estimated by using the mass of the rebar section rebar embedded with respect to the mass a non-corroding rebar of the same length.
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Şahin, Yusuf. "Mechanical and Thermal Property of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites." In The 12th International Conference on Fracture Fatigue and Wear. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-zoau9m.
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Thermal property of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CRFPs) fabricated through vacuum assisted resin transfer molding method (VARTM) is investigated using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry tool. These analysis on laminate composites with three different orientations are carried out at room temperature up to 800°C. Also, mechanical and water absorption behavior of polymeric composites are determined. Among the orientation effect, a longitudinal direction sample including 39 vol. % carbon fiber in epoxy resin indicated that the mass loss in percentage was lower while decomposition temperature was higher than those of others due to higher mechanical strength. These composites revealed the most thermally stable among the others. Further, lower amounts of water absorption rates were obtained at 0o-orientation, followed by 0/90o-orientation composites, but no significant variations occurred with these orientations while some variations occurred for 30o-orientation with increasing the soaking times.
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Sui, Pengfei, Jianbo Sun, Chong Sun, Yong Wang, and Yong Hua. "The Influence of Flow Rate on Corrosion Behavior of X65 Carbon Steel in Water-saturated Supercritical CO2/H2S System." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13081.
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Abstract The influence of flow rate on corrosion behavior of X65 carbon steel in water-saturated supercritical CO2 phase containing 1000 ppmv H2S impurity was studied at 35 °C and 8 MPa from 0 m/s to 1.5 m/s. Weight loss tests showed that the general corrosion rate reached maximum at the flow rate of 1 m/s and then decreased with flow rate to 1.5 m/s. Turtle pattern corrosion morphology was observed on the sample surface when the flow rate exceeded 1 m/s. The corrosion product mainly consisted of FeCO3 and FeS, and the average size of spherical corrosion product changed with flow rate. Besides, the percentage composition of FeS presented the same change trend as the average size of spherical corrosion product. In supercritical CO2 phase, wall shear stress was not big enough to cause mechanical damage on corrosion film but can affect the formation process and the characteristics of the corrosion film of X65 carbon steel.
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Dakwar, Naim, Sankara Papavinasam, and Abdullah Hammoud. "Modeling and Prediction of Pipeline External Corrosion." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20704.
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Abstract External corrosion (EC) is still the leading cause of oil and gas transmission pipeline incidences. The primary source for understanding external corrosion risk is one of the interrelated parameters: EC rate, remaining wall thickness, or percentage wall loss. They may be obtained from five (5) sources: laboratory data (CLab), field operating conditions (CField), field above ground surveys (Csurveys), inline inspection (CILI), and field below ground inspection (CFBGM). Laboratory data (CLab) and field operating data (CField) are “leading indicators” of localized pitting corrosion rate.Field above ground surveys (Csurveys) are “current indicators”.ILI (CILI) and field below ground inspection (CFBGM) are “past indicators”. The paper compares leading indicators CLab and CField with present condition indicator (CAbove) and trailing indicators (CILI, and CFBGM) of two (2) Saudi Aramco pipelines. This paper describes the success of the approach, lessons learned, and future improvements. How this approach is superior to other methods of prediction such as machine learning and simulation has been explained and how using the 5-M methodology as the based can accelerate the development of other approaches (artificial intelligence (AI) and simulation) has been described.
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Zhou, Wenjing, Stephen J. Edmondson, and Thomas E. Jeffers. "Effects of Application Temperature, Degree of Cure and Film Thickness on Cathodic Disbondment of Conventional and New Generation FBE Coatings." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06049.
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Abstract The effects of application temperature, degree of cure, film thickness on cathodic disbondment of FBE coatings are examined to see which has the largest effect. These three factors were examined because they are all thought to have some effect on cathodic disbondment (CD), a low application temperature has been blamed as causes as loss of adhesion. These effects were examined for conventional (a commercially available FBE with twenty years track record) and a new generation (a commercially available FBE with two years track record) FBE. CD was selected as the key performance test for adhesion because it simulates field conditions for disbonding of a coating from a pipeline with applied cathodic protection. The new generation FBE coating performs significantly better for CD test than conventional FBE under all application conditions examined. Thickness of the coatings has more impact on the CD performance than application temperature especially for the new generation FBE. The CD performance of both conventional and new generation FBE coatings improves with an increase of cure percentage as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The new FBE should be used where superior cathodic disbondment properties is needed.
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Nirala, Ravikant Kumar, and Mohd Dilshad Ansari. "Performance Evaluation of Loss Packet Percentage for Asymmetric Key Cryptography in VANET." In 2018 Fifth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pdgc.2018.8745798.
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Scott, Bentley N. "Uncertainties in Pipeline Water Percentage Measurement." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0046.
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Measurement of the quantity, density, average temperature and water percentage in petroleum pipelines has been an issue of prime importance. The methods of measurement have been investigated and have seen continued improvement over the years. Issues of pipeline integrity, product loss and production balances are placing further demands on the issues of accurate measurement. Water percentage measurement, often called water cut, is one area that has not received the attention necessary to understand the uncertainty of measurement. Work done with three major oil companies on pipeline measurement problems will be discussed. Spot sampling comparisons over a two-year period will be shown and uncertainty analysis for this data will be presented. Composite sampling versus on line water cut analyzer results will be described.
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Cui, Feng, and Chuanying Wang. "Prediction of Percentage Data Packet Loss Based Multipath Transmission of Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2015 Fifth International Conference on Instrumentation & Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2015.17.
Full textReports on the topic "Loss percentage"
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Blyde, Juan S., Matías Busso, Kyunglin Park, and Dario Romero. Research Insights: How Did Mexican Local Labor Markets Respond to the Rising Import Competition in Their Domestic Markets? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004800.
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Due to an increase in import competition from the early 2000s, Mexico experienced a loss in manufacturing employment of 1.8 percentage points accompanied by a decrease in wages in the short run. These negative effects persisted but its size decreased in absolute value. Twenty after the shock, the negative effects have disappeared. This fade out on the aggregate effects on employment happened through several adjustments in the labor market. Wage employees were substituted by contract workers, and formal workers substituted by informal workers.
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Turner, John. Evaluation of Elongation Criteria and Friction Loss in Ground Anchors. Deep Foundations Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2013-soil-1.
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This report describes a research project for evaluating the applicability of the widely accepted 80 percent criterion for elongation of ground anchors to anchors with unbonded lengths exceeding 100 feet. This issue is driven by several recent projects involving ground anchors for landslide stabilization in which a significant percentage of the anchors did not meet the criterion that requires measured elongation during proof load testing of at least 80 percent of the theoretical elastic elongation. The projects involved anchor unbonded lengths in the range of 85 to 220 feet, which is outside the range traditionally used in practice, although anchors of this length are being used more frequently for landslide stabilization. The principal objective of this research is to address whether the widely accepted criterion of 80 percent elongation is applicable for such applications, and whether other factors affect the ability of anchors to meet the criterion. Analytical methods for predicting transfer of load along the length of steel strand due to friction loss are used routinely in the prestressed concrete industry. These analytical expressions provide a rational framework for quantifying changes in load due to friction along the length of a ground anchor in terms of a ‘wobble coefficient’ (K) as defined in Aalami(2004). Values of the wobble coefficient for ground anchors can only be determined by back‐calculating from load tests, i.e., fit the value of K to the appropriate analytical expression based on the known test load and measured percent elongation. The analytical basis is first developed and shown to provide a tool for evaluating results of anchor load tests to determine the magnitude of expected elongation as a function of unbonded length. Next, a database of anchor load tests is used to back‐calculate values of K for anchors with unbonded lengths in the range typically used in geotechnical applications (<100feet). These values of K are then used to calculate expected friction loss for anchors with high unbonded lengths (100 to 250 feet) to evaluate whether the 80 percent criterion is reasonable. The primary findings of this research are: Field data data show a general trend of increasing rate of friction loss with increasing unbonded length, i.e., longer anchors are more likely to fail the 80‐percent minimum elongation criterion; Shallow anchor inclination appears to be a strong contributor to higher friction loss because it makes placement of the anchor into the hole difficult, requiring the anchor to be forced in, which may induce additional curvature and twisting; Factors that contribute to alignment deviations of the anchor drill hole, such as obstructions, discontinuities, or alternating hard and soft layers, also contribute to curvature and increase friction loss; Factors that result in forcing the anchor in to the hole, which for the cases considered involved a combination of long anchors, shallow inclination, and alignment deviations, increases the probability of anchor damage. For example, failure of the seal between the bond and unbonded segments of the anchor may allow grout to penetrate the sheathing, preventing elastic deformation of the strands.
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Cavallo, Eduardo, Oscar Becerra, and Laura Acevedo. The Impact of Natural Disasters on Economic Growth. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003683.
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This paper estimates the impact of catastrophic natural disasters on economic growth using an event study methodology on a country panel dataset from 1970 to 2019. The severity of the events is determined by the associated mortality. We find that affected economies which, given the way natural disasters are ranked, comprise mainly developing countries, suffer an average loss between 2.1 and 3.7 percentage points (p.p.). The estimated loss is not offset by above-average growth rates in the disasters aftermath. In contrast, when the severity of the events is determined by physical intensity rather than by mortality, which implies a more balanced estimating sample of developed and developing economies, the estimated effects on growth are negligible. Thus, the negative impacts of natural disasters on economic growth are larger for poorer countries, suggesting that the impact of natural disasters on growth is an economic development issue.
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Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay, Camila González-Mondaca, Vinka Marinkovic-Riffo, Marietta Ortiz-Puebla, Fernanda Paillán-Reyes, and Pamela Seron. Considerations for ensuring safety during telerehabilitation of people with stroke. A protocol for a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0104.
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Review question / Objective: To summarise measures or aspects targeted at reducing the incidence of adverse events during the delivery of exercise interventions through telerehabilitation in patients after stroke. Background: The sequelae in people with stroke are diverse. Regarding physical function post-stroke, functional impairment of the upper and lower extremities is common, which may be due to weakness or paralysis, sensory loss, spasticity, and abnormal motor synergies. In addition, a near 15% prevalence of sarcopenia has been found in people with stroke. Gait impairment has been observed in a high percentage of people with stroke, a dysfunction that may persist despite rehabilitation. More than 50% of people with stroke may experience limitations in activities such as shopping, housework, and difficulty reintegrating into community life within 6 months. These restrictions can result in a diminished health-related quality of life.
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Cabrera, Wilmar, Santiago Gamba, Camilo Gómez, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Examining Macroprudential Policy through a Microprudential Lens. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1212.
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In this paper, we examine the financial and real effects of macroprudential policies with a new identifying strategy that exploits borrower-specific provisioning levels for each bank. Locally, we compare similar firms just below and above regulatory thresholds established in Colombia during 2008--2018 for the corporate credit portfolio. Our results indicate that the scheme induces banks to increase the provisioning cost of downgraded loans. This implies that, for loans with similar risk but with a discontinuously lower rating, banks offer a lower amount of credit, demand higher quality guarantees, and impose a higher level of provision coverage through the loan-loss given default. To illustrate, a 1 percentage point (pp) increase in the provision-to-credit ratio leads to a reduction in credit growth of up to 15pp and lowers the probability of receiving new credit by up to 11pp. When mapping our results to the real sector, we find that downgraded firms are constrained in their investment decisions and experience a contraction in liabilities, equity, and total assets.
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Sokol, José Benjamín. Revisión de los Shocks en la Economía. USMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37387/ipc.v11i1.345.
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The Panamanian economy performed spectacularly starting in 1989, growing at an average real rate of 6% per year for thirty years. It was the highest registered in the Latin American Region and one of the highest globally. In addition, important achievements were obtained that were not achieved in other countries inside and outside the region. The middle class expanded and strengthened. The general poverty level fell from 37.9% in 2000 to 21.5% in 2019, and the extreme poverty level from 21.9% to 10.0%, mainly due to transfers from low-income households. Income inequalities improved by reducing the GINI coefficient from 56.6% in 2000 to 49.8% in 2019, although these were high concerning other Latin American countries. As a result, Panama entered the group of countries classified as high-income by the World Bank. Plus, the economy has recently been hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic—this immobilized economic activity due to the high population. Density and contagion in the metropolitan area caused by overcrowding in low-income neighborhoods extend its destructive impact on the rest of the country. This required reducing and temporarily closing commercial, service, and production activities. These actions caused a sharp drop in GDP and GDP per capita, the largest in the region and one of the largest in percentage terms globally, a sharp contraction of imports, a rapid expansion of unemployment, a collapse in tax revenues, financial difficulties in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and a loss of income in low-income and informal groups, and in those of the middle class with suspended employment contracts. A post-Covid-19 growth recovery should not be defined as a return to pre-pandemic levels of economic activity likely to external shocks but as a turning point towards more productive, shock-resistant, and inclusive growth patterns. Growth will happen, although it could be slow and gradual initially. A significant part of daily economic activity operates in a consumer economy environment. At this juncture, it will be essential for consumers to secure their income to maintain a standard spending rate in a context in which the pandemic's adverse impact on Panamanians' health is diminishing.
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Ruschau. L51771 Alternative Acceptance Criteria of Girth Weld Defects. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010187.
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The girth weld defect acceptance standards based on good workmanship reflect quality levels that can be reasonably expected from a qualified welder. Workmanship (WM) or weld quality standards specify a maximum allowable length whilst the percentage loss of cross-sectional area is used for porosities. This approach to defect acceptance philosophy has arisen from the use of radiography as the NDE technique for detecting and quantifyingweld discontinuities. The first WM standard for inspection and acceptance of finished girth welds was implemented by API in 1953. The specific requirements of the 1953-standard were largely based on the Unfired Pressure Vessel Code which was first adopted by ASME in 1931. Since then, a number of slightly revised standards were issued to reflect what should be attainable with normal good welding practices. The failure behaviour of defective girth welds in large diameter pipe lines was assessed using radiographic and mechanized ultrasonic inspection, small scale (tensile, hardness, Charpy and CTOD) and wide plate tests. The specimens were taken from girth welds in API 5LX70 pipe of 1219 mm (48 inches) in diameter by 8,0 mm (0,323 inch) and 13,3 mm (0,524 inch) wall. The test welds were made with the SMAW (8 welds) and GMAW (9 welds) welding processes. Upon completion of the non-destructive tests, 96 curved wide plate specimens were tested to destruction under tensile load. Testing was performed at low temperature (-50�C/-58�F). Defect type, defect position and size were determined from photographs of the fracture face and macro sections (defect characterization and sizing). In total, 290 typical surface breaking and embedded defects in SMAW or GMAW girth welds have been evaluated.
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Berniell, Inés, Mariana Marchionni, Julián Pedrazzi, and Mariana Viollaz. Women Political Leaders as Agents of Environmental Change. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013521.
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This paper explores how female political leaders impact environmental outcomes and climate change policy actions using data from mixed-gender mayoral races in Brazil. We rely on a Regression Discontinuity design that compares municipalities where women narrowly won the election with those where men narrowly won. This strategy allows us to identify the causal effect of a woman winning the mayoral election. We find that, compared to male mayors, female mayors significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation in the municipalities with Amazon biome. Specifically, when a woman wins the election, annual greenhouse gas emissions decrease by 1,510 thousand tons of CO2e per municipality in the Amazon. This effect alone represents 23% of the average annual emissions of all municipalities within the Amazon biome and 6.4% of Brazil's nationwide average. This reduction is driven by a reduction in emissions intensity (CO2e/GDP) in the Land Use sector, without changes in municipal economic activity. Part of the reduction in emissions in the Land Use sector is attributable to a decline in deforestation. Specifically, female-led municipalities in the Amazon experience a reduction in deforestation, with a 3 percentage-point decrease in the loss of forest formations relative to the baseline forest cover. This represents a 32% reduction compared to deforestation levels in the comparison municipalities. We examine potential mechanisms that could explain the positive environmental impact of narrowly electing a female mayor over a male counterpart and find that in Amazon municipalities, female elected mayors allocate more space to the environment in their government proposals and are more likely to invest in environmental initiatives. Differences in the enforcement of environmental regulations and the level of education of elected female and male mayors do not explain the results.
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Oza, Shardul, and Jacobus Cilliers. What Did Children Do During School Closures? Insights from a Parent Survey in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/027.
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In this Insight Note, we report results of a phone survey that the RISE Tanzania Research team conducted with 2,240 parents (or alternate primary care-givers) of primary school children following the school closures in Tanzania. After the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Tanzania on 16 March 2020, the government ordered all primary schools closed the following day. Schools remained closed until 29 June 2020. Policymakers and other education stakeholders were concerned that the closures would lead to significant learning loss if children did not receive educational support or engagement at home. To help stem learning loss, the government promoted radio, TV, and internet-based learning content to parents of school-age children. The primary aims of the survey were to understand how children and families responded to the school closures, the education related activities they engaged in, and their strategies to send children back to school. The survey also measures households’ engagement with remote learning content over the period of school closures. We supplement the findings of the parent survey with insights from interviews with Ward Education Officers about their activities during the school closures. The survey sample is comprised of primary care-givers (in most cases, parents) of students enrolled in Grades 3 and 4 during the 2020 school year. The survey builds on an existing panel of students assessed in 2019 and 2020 in a nationally representative sample of schools.4 The parent surveys were conducted using Computer Assisted Telephonic Interviewing (CATI) over a two-week period in early September 2020, roughly two months after the re-opening of primary schools. We report the following key findings from this survey: *Almost all (more than 99 percent) of children in our sample were back in school two months after schools re-opened. The vast majority of parents believed it was either safe or extremely safe for their children to return to school. *Only 6 percent of households reported that their children listened to radio lessons during the school closures; and a similar fraction (5.5 percent) tuned into TV lessons over the same period. Less than 1 percent of those surveyed accessed educational programmes on the internet. Households with access to radio or TV reported higher usage. *Approximately 1 in 3 (36 percent) children worked on the family farm during the closures, with most children working either 2 or 3 days a week. Male children were 6.2 percentage points likelier to work on the family farm than female children. *Households have limited access to education materials for their child. While more than 9 out of 10 households have an exercise book, far fewer had access to textbooks (35 percent) or own reading books (31 percent). *One in four parents (24 percent) read a book to their child in the last week.
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Travis, Amanda, Margaret Harvey, and Michelle Rickard. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Urinary Incontinence in Elementary School Aged Children. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0012.
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Purpose/Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have an impact on health throughout the lifespan (Filletti et al., 1999; Hughes et al., 2017). These experiences range from physical and mental abuse, substance abuse in the home, parental separation or loss, financial instability, acute illness or injury, witnessing violence in the home or community, and incarceration of family members (Hughes et al., 2017). Understanding and screening for ACEs in children with urinary incontinence can help practitioners identify psychological stress as a potentially modifiable risk factor. Methods: A 5-month chart review was performed identifying English speaking patients ages 6-11 years presenting to the outpatient urology office for an initial visit with a primary diagnosis of urinary incontinence. Charts were reviewed for documentation of individual or family risk factors for ACEs exposure, community risk factors for ACEs exposures, and records where no related documentation was included. Results: For the thirty-nine patients identified, no community risk factors were noted in the charts. Seventy-nine percent of patients had one or more individual or family risk factors documented. Implications for Nursing Practice This chart review indicates that a significant percentage of pediatric, school-aged patients presenting with urinary incontinence have exposure to ACEs. A formal assessment for ACEs at the time of initial presentation would be helpful to identify those at highest risk. References: Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 1998;14:245–258 Hughes, K., Bellis, M.A., Hardcastle, K.A., Sethi, D., Butchart, D., Mikton, C., Jones, L., Dunne, M.P. (2017) The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 2(8): e356–e366. Published online 2017 Jul 31.doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4 Lai, H., Gardner, V., Vetter, J., & Andriole, G. L. (2015). Correlation between psychological stress levels and the severity of overactive bladder symptoms. BMC urology, 15, 14. doi:10.1186/s12894-015-0009-6