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GORYACHUK, V. F., and Y. A. NAZARENKO. "GROSS VALUE ADDED AS THE MAIN INDICATOR PRODUCTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES." Economic innovations 22, no. 2(75) (2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2020.22.2(75).25-33.
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Topicality. Traditionally, output and profit are used as the main indicators of enterprise productivity, but they have significant shortcomings. All this determines the relevance of the search for new indicators that will provide an adequate idea of the productivity of enterprises and a single conceptual basis for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. Aim and tasks. To analyze the existing indicators for assessing the productivity of enterprises, to identify their main short comings. Consider the experience of the Republic of Belarus in the use of gross value added as an indicator of productivity of enterprises. Justify the use of gross value added as a conceptual basis for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. Identify the main indicators for assessing the productivity of enterprises on the basis of gross value added. Research results. As the main indicators of the enterprise, use "output" and "profit". The first indicator consists of gross value added and intermediate consumption and therefore it depends on the performance of other enterprises. In this case, the external contribution can be decisive and therefore the indicator "output" does not give an adequate idea of the productivity of enterprises. Another key indicator of enterprise activity is profit. With a focus on it, wages, social security financing and employee training are the costs of the enterprise and the smaller they are, the greater the company's profits. But in modern conditions to ensure sustainable economic development of the individual enterprise and the country as a whole, it is important to consider that employees are carriers of intellectual capital. The loss or reduction of this capital can lead to more significant losses than the loss of physical and financial capital. Under such conditions, it is advisable to change the benchmark, namely the use of gross value added as the main indicator of productivity of the enterprise. It is on the basis of this indicator that the main result of economic activity of the country (gross domestic product) and regions (gross regional product) is determined. Gross value added is a very important indicator in terms of meeting the needs of all stakeholders in the performance of the enterprise: employees, business owners, the state. The indicator "gross value added" is the main indicator of the enterprise in terms of the interests of society as a whole, and the indicator "profit" - the main in terms of the interests of business owners. The presence of these two indicators reflects the contradiction between the interests of society and business owners. Conclusion. Gross value added has a greater analytical value than the indicators "output" and "profit", because, firstly, it gives a more adequate picture of the results of enterprises, secondly, it determines the potential for capital accumulation and thirdly provides a single conceptual basis for evaluation of economic performance at the micro, mega and macro levels.
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NAZARENKO, YU A. "CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION OF ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES AND THEIR CAPITALIZATION BASED ON VALUE ADDED." Economic innovations 20, no. 3(68) (2018): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.3(68).155-164.
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Topicality. In today's financial and economic analysis of the company's main indicators are output and profit, but they have significant disadvantages. The indicator "output" includes the results of the activities of suppliers of goods and services and, accordingly, does not provide adequate representation about the results of the enterprise itself. And the indicator "profit" reflects the interests of only the owners of the enterprise. Its use encourages lower wages, social security financing and employee training, and also indicates a contradiction between the interests of society and the owners of enterprises. All this determines the relevance of the definition of indicators that will ensure an adequate representation of the results of the enterprise and a single conceptual framework for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. Aim and tasks. Analyze the existing indicators of assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise, to determine their main disadvantages. Consider the possibility of using the indicator �gross value added� as the main indicator of an enterprise. Conduct a comparative analysis of the possibility of using different variants of the indicator �value added� to assess the performance of an enterprise. Consider using the indicator �gross value added� as a conceptual basis for evaluating the economic activities at the micro, mega and macro levels.. Research results. As the main indicators of the enterprise, using "output" and "profit". The first indicator consists of gross value added and intermediate consumption. The latter is the result of the activities of other enterprises. In this case, the external contribution can be decisive, and therefore the indicator "output" does not provide adequate representation of the results of enterprises. Another key indicator of enterprise activity is profit. At orientation to it, payment of labor, financing of social security and training of employees is the cost of the enterprise and the less they are, the greater the profit of the enterprise. But in modern conditions, in order to ensure sustainable economic development of a separate enterprise and the country as a whole, it is important to consider that hired workers are carriers of intellectual capital. Loss or reduction of this capital may lead to more significant losses than loss of physical and financial capital. Under such conditions, it is advisable to use the indicator "gross value added" as the main indicator of the effectiveness of the enterprise. Based on this indicator, the main result of the country's economic activity (gross domestic product) and regions (gross regional product) is determined. Gross value added is a very important indicator in terms of meeting the needs of all stakeholders in the productive activity of the company's: employees, owners of the enterprise, the state. The "gross value added" indicator is the main indicator of the company's activities from the point of view of the interests of the whole society, and the indicator "profit" is the main one from the point of view of the owners of the enterprise. The presence of these two indicators reflects the contradiction between the interests of society and the owners of enterprises. The use of the indicator "gross value added" as the main indicator of the company's activity provides a single conceptual basis for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega and macro levels. The study of literary sources suggests the use of different indicators "value-added" to assess the performance of the enterprise. The greatest recognition was given to the "Economic Value Added" (EVA), "Shareholder Value Added " (SVA) and "Market Value Added" (MVA). According to the results of the analysis of these indicators, it was concluded that their general disadvantage is that they reflect the interests of the owners of the enterprise, and not society. Conclusions. Gross value added has a greater analytical value than profit, because, firstly, it gives a more adequate representation of the results of enterprises, and secondly, it determines the potential for capital accumulation. The use of this indicator provides a single conceptual framework for assessing the results of economic activity at the micro, mega-and macro level, since gross domestic product (GDP) and gross regional product (GRP) consist of the gross value added of all institutional units (residents), respectively, of the country and region.
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M.Т., Lukyanova. "ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION RESOURCES AND FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE VARIETY TESTING SITE." Russian Electronic Scientific Journal 53, no. 3 (2024): 167–78. https://doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2024-53-3-167-178.
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Profit or income are synthetic indicators of the activities of enterprises. They represent the final economic indicators of enterprises, including activities not only in the production sector, but also in the distribution and sales sector. Profit or loss is an examination of how all the economic elements of an enterprise look. Firstly, it represents the cost of living labor, since it is based on total income - the value just created as a result of the labor of the entire life of the worker, in addition to the part that provides wages. The relevance of the research topic is that the main goals of any enterprise are to obtain, maintain and increase income. Their success determines the necessary scope of the enterprise and fulfills the wishes of the owners. All these goals are closely related to each other, since the main source of economic growth is profit.
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Steiner, Ernst. "Ergebnisse und Trends der forstlichen Betriebsabrechnung im Kanton Aargau von 1991 bis 2002 | Results and trends of the forest accounts in the canton of Argovia 1991-2002." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 154, no. 7 (2003): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2003.0254.
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In recent years public forest owners in the canton of Argovia have carried out considerable structural changes. The positive consequences to the accounts arising from these changes can be confirmed and documented using a number of various measurements from the forest accounts. Until 1999 the results of structural changes compensated for the decrease in wood revenues, even managing in some cases to move from loss to profit. The falls in profit following the catastrophic damage caused by the hurricane Lothar in December 1999 also meant falling accounts. Even in internationally comparable enterprise structures, the survival of forest enterprises is not assured at these low levels. Against a background of, above all, falling subventions without corresponding compensation, further structural changes are unavoidable. Such changes, however, can only lead to success if value is added along the entire production chain and the branch of forest and wood management is able to compete internationally.
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Plikus, Iryna, Victoria Boronos, and Vadym Aleksandrov. "Financial and accounting approaches to definition of the intangible factors impact on the value of the company." Economic Annals-XXI 160, no. 7-8 (2016): 121–25. https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V160-24.
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Abstract. Introduction. Business value is largely determined by intangible assets, namely intellectual and information resources. Ukrainian companies pay little attention to Research and Development. As a result, they lag behind in their core activities, development, patent and offer very few technological solutions. Therefore, studies related to intangible assets and their role in the creation of enterprise value are vital. The purpose of the article is to evaluate profits of owners who neglect intangible assets which influence the value of the company based at systematisation of the existing financial and accounting approaches. Results. The systematization of financial and accounting approaches to determining the value of the enterprise and assess the impact of intangible factors to the enterprise value. The authors have proved the difference in value of equity calculated according to the balance sheet and its market value caused by the hidden (off-balance) capital. The proposed analytical model of the enterprise includes loss of profits due to the influence of intangible factors. It identifies three important intangible factors affecting the value of the company, namely the number of loyal customers and the quality of loyalty; training skills and loyalty to the enterprise, and recognition of the brand. Conclusion. The present financial statements do not allow estimating the market value of enterprises, since not all the intangible factors are reflected in the financial statements. The management of intangible factors, such as a business enterprise reputation, knowledge and competence of staff, customer loyalty, remains controversial and methodologically unsolved and requires further studies.
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Sahoo, Bharata Bhusan, and Alok Kumar Pramanik. "Value Added: Technique for Corporate Performance Measurement under Social Perspective." KINERJA 21, no. 1 (2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v21i1.1038.
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Financial Analysts consider as profit the most important measure of business performance. Profit may be expressed in terms of money value and measured as sales margin percentage or be calculated as return of investment. These, in any form, are used as basis for measure of business performance. In recent years, considerable interest have been shown in the use of value added as an alternative or additional approach to measure the operational efficiency and profitability of a business. A lot of discussion have been going on about reporting the performance of an organization in terms of value added rather than conventional profit or loss. The information disclosed by the Statement of Value Added, based on Value Added Accounting and reporting is considered to be much more useful than that disclosed by the conventional profit and loss account in providing a realistic basis for measuring the economic performance of an organization. The concept has received great attention in accounting practices with the emergence of large corporations having significant bearing on the society and finally on the economy for multi-dimensional impact over and above the owners. Value added system is a very useful measure of judging the performance of an enterprise for managerial decision-making and for inter-firm comparison.Keywords: Value Added; Value Added Accounting and Reporting, Value Added Statement, Annual Report.
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Handarbeni, Zalfa Talitha, Irma Fauziah, and Nina Fitriyati. "Comparative Study of Data Generation for Normal, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions using PLS and Usury Models." Mathline : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 8, no. 4 (2023): 1449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/mathline.v8i4.543.
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Mathematical modeling in the world of economics and banking has particular relevance, especially in terms of providing capital for business activities, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Currently, banking activities are predominantly dominated by conventional banks that apply interest, which in Islamic Sharia is considered as riba, and it is incumbent upon Muslims to avoid riba and conduct all their affairs in accordance with Islamic Sharia. This research discusses a mathematical model of a profit-loss sharing system in accordance with Islamic Sharia using the profit-loss sharing model scheme, which is one of the investment models in Islamic finance with a musyarakah contract. The data is derived from the daily profit and loss of a micro trader for the period of September 2023 in Cijantung, East Jakarta, which is then generated for periods of 35, 40, and 50 days, following normal, lognormal, and gamma distributions, with an investment capital of Rp 1,500,000, Rp 3,000,000, and Rp 4,500,000, and profit-sharing portions of 2%, 5%, and 7%. This research is capable of demonstrating a profit-sharing scheme and optimization functions in profit distribution, as well as determining parameters that are more advantageous for traders and capital owners compared to the usury model because the imposed penalties are considered burdensome for the public. Generating data following a normal distribution provides a more realistic profit-sharing scheme but a lognormal and gamma distribution yields the largest profit-sharing portion for investor and trader.
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Budianto, Erwin, and Nurhana Dhea Parlina. "IMPLEMENTASI PEMBUKUAN SEDERHANA PADA UMKM ANNA COLLECTION DI DESA PANGKALAN KECAMATAN PLERED KABUPATEN CIREBON." PRIMA : PORTAL RISET DAN INOVASI PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT 1, no. 1 (2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/prima.v1i1.30.
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 MSMEs, or Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises, are a critical component of Indonesia's economy. Each year, the development of MSMEs in Indonesia accelerates, as seen by their increasing contribution to GDP and workforce absorption by the MSME sector. However, some MSMEs continue to be constrained by accounting issues that have not been well organized and planned, resulting in a different final profit and loss value in accordance with the fact that there are issues with accounting financial management, which records each cash flow transaction in an organized and directed manner. MSME Anna Collection is one of the MSMEs with potential but has not yet developed. The Ana Collection MSME's bookkeeping is still unstructured and undirected, hence in the absence of a profit and loss statement for the business. It is believed that this community service activity would foster a knowledge for the critical nature of financial records in trading operations for MSMEs. Simple bookkeeping is critical in the business sector; there are numerous benefits to an MSME that maintains regular bookkeeping. Apart from serving as a benchmark for determining profits, the availability of bookkeeping enables business owners to ascertain their losses.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Степаненко, О.І. "Інтерпретація обліково-економічної категорії "фінансові результати", їх класифікація". Науковий вісник Ужгородського національного університету. Серія: Міжнародні економічні відносини та світове господарство, № 41 (7 червня 2022): 112–17. https://doi.org/10.32782/2413-9971/2022-41-21.
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The financial result is the final expression of the business processes of the enterprise: supply, production, sales, for the implementation of which requires constant capital of the owners. In the context of modern scientific research, the economic and accounting nature of the category "financial results" is analyzed. Approaches to understanding the financial results of the enterprise are highlighted, its qualitative characteristics are outlined. The results of the study showed that the financial result is the difference between income and expenses incurred, and its form of expression is profit (or loss, or zero result). From the standpoint of economic theory, accounting, analysis, the financial result is characterized as: 1) a criterion for assessing the absolute efficiency of the enterprise; 2) the criterion of profitability, efficiency and economic stability; 3) the result of economic relations of the enterprise and its sustainable development; 4) the source of increase (decrease) in the market value of the enterprise; 5) source of funding for production, commercial and social development of the enterprise. The proposals of scientists to build a classification of financial results are considered. The expediency of their use in the accounting practice of enterprises is substantiated. An alternative approach to the grouping of financial results with the allocation of a classification feature: financial results from the sale of accounting objects. It is proved that the proposed classification criterion is meaningful, informative and allows to deepen the system of analytical accounting. The results of the study showed that the value of financial results can change under the influence of external and internal factors. The factors of the external environment include: economic instability in the state and the world; pricing policy for fuel, energy; taxation system; breach of contractual obligations by counterparties. Internal factors are: 1) the accounting policy of the enterprise; 2) the volume and quality of sold finished products (goods, works, services); 3) pricing system, marketing activities, quality of enterprise management. It is proved that the effective formation of financial results depends on making informed decisions about revenue generation and cost optimization, which will improve the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole.
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Awais, Muhammad, Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan, and Afia Mushtaq. "Musharakah for Small and Medium Enterprises as an Alternative Financing Mode." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 5, no. 1 (2024): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v5i1.379.
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The current study examines the Musharakah viability as a potential financing method for SMEs in Pakistan. SMEs face exertion to get external financing, that prevents them from continuous development and growth. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are prone to financial resources constraints as compared to large organizations, who easily manage to meet financial institutions' collateral needs. The study is based on the primary data collected from 101 SMEs who had taken the Musharakah financing facility from the Islamic institutions of Pakistan. The required data is collected through a structured questionnaire from the SMEs to determine the owner’s satisfaction level with these Musharakah facilities in Pakistan. The findings of the regression model depicted that risk-sharing, access to financing and knowledge have a significant relationship with the level of satisfaction. Besides, the study found a statistically insignificant relationship between the profit and loss sharing, bank participation, and satisfaction level of the SMEs owners in Pakistan. The study concluded that Musharakah financing features could be a viable alternative financing SMEs mode in Pakistan.
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Konyukova, O. G., and F. F. Baratova. "Using statistical analysis to evaluate enterprise performance in the Python programming environment." Statistics and Economics 22, no. 1 (2025): 15–25. https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2025-1-15-25.
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The relevance of the conducted research consists of assessing the activities of a manufacturing enterprise using statistical tools and interpreting numerical financial indexes in the modern programming language Python. The use of libraries embedded in the software, as well as the use of statistical calculations in the final format of interactive graphs, made it possible to interpret reliable information about the activities of the enterprise, as well as predict profit (loss) for the next few years. This method of calculation is necessary primarily for enterprise management to plan activities taking into account external economic conditions, as well as possible unforeseen circumstances and emerging situations. The software clearly demonstrates the possible representation of the dynamics and trends in the development of business entities in a concise and understandable, strictly formulated, accurate statistical and mathematical form. Analysis of the activities of various enterprises helps to identify their contribution to the development of the economy of the regions and the country as a whole, therefore the development of scientifically based recommendations to improve the efficiency of their activities and ensure sustainable development is a very relevant research topic at present. Purpose of the study. Study of the activities of the LLC “Omsk Polypropylene Plant” enterprise for 2019–2023 using statistical tools and Python software libraries. As well as forecasting the main financial indexes for the coming years, taking into account the interpretation of the values obtained as a result of using the web development environment in numerical, tabular and graphical forms. Description and forecasting of the development prospects of an enterprise based on accurate performance data are necessary not only for the managers of the enterprises under review, but also for their shareholders. Materials and methods. The research materials used were regulatory documents, scientific publications of Russian and foreign authors, and accounting (financial) reporting data. The scientific article used the main research methods: monographic, comparative analysis, classification and generalization. The main methods of statistical and economic analysis were descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, regression analysis, time series analysis, etc. Results. Derived statistical quantities using packages embedded in Python software such as Pandas, Seaborn, Matplotlib, NumPy, skleaern, Linear_model, LinearRegression, Scikit-learn, Metrics, Model selection. The following describes statistical indexes on visually programmed graphs; all data are entered into the Python web development environment using an auxiliary package of tables made in MS Excel. The presented calculations will not only allow timely and promptly react to changes in the external economic environment of activity, but also adjust costs to already predicted values, which, in turn, will help to increase the profitability of the enterprise, which is the main task of any owner. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, the authors developed forecast values of profit (loss) for LLC “Omsk Polypropylene Plant” and gave recommendations for improving the efficiency of the enterprise in the coming years.
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Maimuna, Yuni, Ulvi Adriani, Diamond Limbong, Fitria Wahud, and Marsuddin Musa. "Evaluating the Implementation of Accounting Practices in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Indonesia: A Case Study of Awunio Village Under SAK EMKM Financial Reporting." Journal of Regional Economics Indonesia 6, no. 1 (2025): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.26905/jrei.v6i1.15243.
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This study evaluates the implementation of accounting practices in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Awunio Village, Kolono District, Indonesia, focusing on compliance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM). Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews with BUMDes management and documentation analysis. Findings reveal that BUMDes in Awunio Village has not fully adhered to SAK EMKM requirements, reporting only chair rental income and expenses without presenting a balance sheet, profit/loss statement, or financial notes. This deficiency stems from a lack of training on standardized financial reporting, limiting transparency and accountability. The study highlights the need for capacity-building initiatives to enhance financial literacy among BUMDes managers and align reporting practices with regulatory frameworks. Results underscore the importance of robust financial management in sustaining rural enterprises and achieving community economic development. The research contributes to the discourse on micro-enterprise governance in Indonesia and offers actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to improve rural financial ecosystems.
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Kase, Petrus, Yaherlof Foeh, Adriana Rodina Fallo, Melania Tawa, and Juwita S. Kariam. "Struggles of village-owned enterprise to improve performance: A case in Kupang Regency, Indonesia." Journal of Accounting and Investment 25, no. 2 (2024): 413–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jai.v25i2.17124.
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Research aims: This research assessed the struggles of the village-owned enterprise of Raknamo Village in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, to enhance performance.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used a qualitative approach consisting of stages, such as data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. It collected data through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document review. It analyzed data on performance indicators: resource provision, task implementation, outputs, and goal attainment that the village-owned enterprise struggles to accomplish.Research findings: This research uncovered that the village-owned enterprise of Raknamo Village faces difficulties even now, thus generally performing low in its efforts to provide resources needed, such as personnel, finances, and facilities, implement tasks, produce outputs/products, and attain goals. Specifically, it performed relatively well in renting tents and chairs, increasing little profit; however, it performed poorly in the savings and loan business and traditional weaving home industry, thus experiencing financial loss. The primary factors affecting such performance were the core managers' low managerial and entrepreneurial skills, financial inability and low cooperative attitude of the village society to repay loans, inability of village society to do profitable business, and low income.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This research evaluated the struggles of the village-owned enterprise of Raknamo Village in Kupang Regency to boost performance, which prior studies have not widely investigated. Theoretically, this research is expected to add specified academic or analytical insight into the village-owned enterprises struggling as small business organizations to improve performance.Practitioner implication: The finding has profound implications that eliminating difficulties that hinder the village-owned enterprise’s performance and building its ability to perform better hereafter are both necessary. To reach this expectation, the government should create a capacity-building program for the village-owned enterprise.
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Yoga, Titan Parama, Elia Setiana, Encep Hamzah, Budiman Budiman, and Aggi Panigoro Sarifiyono. "Optimization Of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Financial Management Through Android-Based Zazan Mobile Application for Efficiency of Digital Economy Sustainability." Jurnal Computech & Bisnis 18, no. 2 (2025): 122–42. https://doi.org/10.56447/jcb.v18i2.312.
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In order to sustain and grow a firm, financial management is essential. This procedure is essential for obtaining profit and loss data, preventing employee and business partner fraud, and separating personal and business funds to determine the company's financial situation accurately. Informal MSME actors multitask and operate as small business owners, entrepreneurs, and managers of all business issues. So, there is not enough time to document the financials of a corporation. Making financial records requires basic knowledge, which makes the work feel challenging, intricate, and time-consuming. One way to address this issue is making the Android mobile application "Zazan" to assist in managing the finances of medium-sized, tiny, and microbusinesses. A descriptive strategy was used to gather the data required for this investigation. An integrated application that could record business activity transactions, record business activity schedules, and connect with customers was required, as determined by the analysis and implementation findings. Furthermore, clients can quickly learn more about business players by accessing location information. Interaction between customers and business transaction activities facilitates the automation of business activity recording, enabling the application to complete financial recording. Entrepreneurs will find it easier to manage their financial spending with the help of the company's financial reports. Having employee and multi-store functionalities would be preferable because business actors occasionally have multiple business branches and employees. The implications of this research extend beyond merely providing a tool for financial management; they highlight the necessity of accessible financial solutions for MSMEs. By bridging the gap in financial literacy and time constraints, the "Zazan" application not only empowers business owners to maintain accurate financial records but also fosters better decision-making and strategic planning. This can lead to enhanced business performance, improved relationships with stakeholders, and ultimately, sustainable growth in the competitive market landscape.
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Santi, Fitriana, Wulan Dri Puspita, Cindy Getah Trisna June, and Sheina Vella Agesia. "Digitalization of Financial Reporting as a Means to Fulfill Tax Obligations." REKA ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 5, no. 3 (2024): 200–208. https://doi.org/10.26760/rekaelkomika.v5i3.200-208.
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Financial statements are an accounting product that remains a major challenge in the financial performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). It is still common to find MSMEs, even those with substantial turnover, lacking financial statements. However, every MSME operator, whether online or offline, is required to report their taxable income. The amount of tax owed can be determined if business owners have an income statement. CV Sinama, a skincare business, is one example that lacks financial statements and has not reported taxes. Based on this issue, the objective of the community service was to train in digital financial reporting (using spreadsheets) and online tax reporting. The results of the community service show that partners have been able to prepare and calculate profit and loss statements. The profit figures are used as the basis for calculating the amount of tax owed.CV Sinama is now able to prepare financial statements and determine the amount of corporate tax owed.
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Situngkir, Tiar Lina, Anastasia Putri Sidiq Sidiq, Aiska Amini, et al. "Analisis Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi Berdasarkan Metode Full Costing pada UMKM Dodonut di Kabupaten Karawang." EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi 4, no. 1 (2024): 2896–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.56799/ekoma.v4i1.6269.
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All businesses must pay close attention to the calculation of the cost of production because in this day and age, MSMEs are increasingly competing to produce high-quality goods at competitive prices. Cost of Production is the overall cost incurred in converting raw materials into finished products and as a benchmark to compare whether the selling cost will be too high or too low. However, there are still many business owners who do not estimate the overall cost of production. This can lead to an inaccurate assessment of the company's profit or loss. In this study, we look at how the determination of the full cost of goods and the approach of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Dodonut are used to determine the price of the goods produced. Business owners may be able to find a middle ground between MSME HPP and full costing technique HPP by calculating and comparing the two. The Full Costing method calculates production costs using raw materials, direct labor, and fixed and variable plant overhead costs. The majority of this research data comes from Dodonut MSME owners. Dodonut MSME interviews and records themselves are used to collect data. Production costs reached Rp 25,483,367 when the full cost approach was used, and Rp 18,784,024 when the MSME method was used. This study reports the findings from the overall cost calculation of the production cost strategy.
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Risnaningsih, Risnaningsih, Sjheny Tanuwijaya, and Nur Ida Iriani. "IMPROVING TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF MSME FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BY USING ACCRUAL METHOD." Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J), no. 1 (August 12, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/mec-j.v0i1.5394.
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<p>Many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are still carrying out a simple accounting record and have not implemented accrual basis method. It is expected that in the future all MSMEs can make more transparency and accountability report by using accrual method so it can assist MSMEs in applying credit to banks or other investors to increase the business capital. This study was conducted in Malang Regency, Batu City, and Malang City. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques were done by interview and documentation with sampling technique using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The collected data will be analyzed by interactive analysis method including data reduction, data presentation, and data verification or interpretation. The results showed that the owners of SMEs in managing their finances use simple accounting by using accrual method so that the financial statements produced more accurate than if the owners of MSMEs use cash method. The owners of SMEs do not need to make complete financial statements, they may use three types of financial statements, namely: income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. The income statement is used to find out how much the profit or loss of the MSMEs, the balance sheet is used to find out the assets, liabilities, equity, and cash flow statement is used to find out the changes occurring during the period of operating, investing, and financing activities. These three types of financial statements have already been used by MSME owners as one of the requirements to obtain credit from banks or other investors.</p>
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Katona, Klára. "CORPORATE PRODUCTION AND FINANCING CHOICES IN HUNGARY." Ekonomika 93, no. 3 (2014): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2014.0.3879.
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The objective of this study is to investigate how Hungarian firms could finance their production in the circumstances of the Hungarian financial market, including economic policy and credit supply in the last two decades. We put the question whether the companies could effectively use the sources which owners and creditors provided for them. The growing proportion of the debt in firms’ capital may have positive – not only negative – effects on companies at the same time, which forces the owners and managers to replace the shareholders’ equity with credits. However, the availability of credits depends on the solvency of firms on the one hand and the development of the financial market on the other hand.The study analyses the capital structure of firms in Hungary by financial indicators and their productivity in a regression model. We review the effects of the Hungarian economic policy and credit supply on financing choices and the performance of the corporates.The database of Hungarian enterprises represents nearly 90% of firms in the country. We differentiate among the companies according to their ownership and size. The period includes 18 years between 1992 and 2009. The records contain all relevant information from annual reports, e.g., balance sheets, profit and loss figures.
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Chakraborty, S. K., Verghese Kurien, Jittu Singh, et al. "Management Paradigms Beyond Profit Maximization." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 29, no. 3 (2004): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920040308.
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The dominant paradigm today, both in corporate management and in business educa- tion, is profit maximization and maximization of the wealth of the owners. But, the obsession with ‘profit at any cost,’ when carried to an extreme, can lead to Enrons, WorldComs, and Parmalats and the shortening of hundreds of thousands of lives in sweat shops. Fortunately, alternatives have appeared that successfully blend concern for profits with humane concerns. Today, virtually, every Fortune 500 company has adopted a code of conduct and put in place the needed management structures and processes to ensure compliance. Similarly, corporate social responsibility has gathered momentum. Spirituality in management, the democratization of the workplace including internal justice systems and ‘good citizenship’ behaviour in the organization, and catering to the needs of all the stakeholders-not just shareholders-are some of the other offshoots of humane corporate management. In a developing country context, in which there are so many battles to be won against poverty and deprivation and in which a society needs to be modernized without losing track of its ethical and spiritual moorings, humane business management is a necessity. In this colloquium, our panel members addressed the following issues: What humane alternatives there are to mindless commercialism and how to manage each alternative without loss of profitability. How to enrich business practices and what we teach in business schools with these new paradigms of management. The salient features of the responses are as follows: The globalization strategy of a few powerful nations has robbed country after country of its right to choose its own path-not only economic but cultural as well-with the new milieu verging on the inhumane. An immense effort is necessary to nourish humane values as the cause and ethical conduct as a consequence. Cooperative enterprises or new workers' enterprises can provide the organiza- tional means whereby a significant proportion of humanity takes on the tasks of creating productive employment and overcoming poverty, thus achieving social integration without placing undue importance on the interests of capital providers. Enduring companies have demonstrated that by simultaneously attending to a variety of stakeholders and focusing on composite goals, rather than profit maximization alone, it is possible to acquire and maintain industry leadership. Firms need to move from a feudal relationship with their business partners to a ‘strategic partnership’ and invest more in hygiene factors and HRD for long-term employee satisfaction, performance, and development. The need is to evolve through dialogue among businessmen, government, and civic society a consensus on what the social responsibility of business is and what are legitimate and illegitimate actions. A larger social conscience can emerge if corporate leaders recognize that they cannot ensure long-term growth without generating sufficient ‘social capital.’ ‘Social capital’ involves the creation of trust, reciprocity, and tolerance of third party actions. There is a bonus from corporate social responsibility, ethicality, and spirituality in terms of stronger staff bonding with the organization and stronger motivation. This can be converted into higher productivity, better product quality, better and faster implementation of the needed changes and innovations.
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Zamzami, Bani, and Nuruddin Dzaky. "PENYUSUNAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN ENTITAS MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (SAK-EMKM) PADA AGEN." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen 2, no. 1 (2023): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/jekma.v2i1.511.
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Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources. Besides being rich in natural resources, the Indonesian population utilizes its natural resources by way of entrepreneurship. One of the very many businesses is UMKM (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises). Setting up this business is very easy and does not require large capital. UMKM (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) is one of the businesses that has been established by many people, especially from the lower middle class. According to IAI in SAK EMKM Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (EMKM) are entities without significant public accountability that meet the definition and criteria of micro small businesses. Micro, Small and Medium Entities (EMKM) are used to support business activities, or business development in the future. In this study, researchers used qualitative data analysis methods. In this study describing and explaining matters related to financial reports, researchers collect data by observation, direct interviews with business owners, and make financial reports in accordance with SAK-EMKM, in the end it can show the value of Profit and Loss Reports, Reports Financial Position, Notes to Financial Statements that are more accurate.
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John A, Shibu. "Asset Inspection Management System as a Reliable Inspection/ Monitoring Tool." Materials Evaluation 78, no. 12 (2020): 1276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2020.me-04125.
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Enterprise asset management (EAM) systems are used by asset owners and/or operators to manage the maintenance of their physical assets. These assets, including equipment, facilities, vehicles, and infrastructure, need maintenance to sustain their operations. An EAM system provides the means to have less unplanned downtime and extended asset longevity, which offers clear business benefits that improve the profit and loss statement and balance sheet. Particularly for capital-intensive industries, like drilling and exploration, the failure of on-time delivery of critical equipment or processes is disruptive and costs nonproductive time and customer satisfaction. Organizations understand these issues and employ an appropriate asset management system to engineer their asset maintenance and management. An EAM system is needed to manage the people, assets/equipment, and processes. EAMs are used to plan, optimize, execute, and track the needed maintenance activities with associated priorities, skills, materials, tools, and information. Similarly, nondestructive testing (NDT) is used as a tool for integrity assessment of assets in drilling and exploration. The main advantage of using NDT is that the item’s intended use or serviceability is not affected. The selection of a specific technique should be based on knowledge and skills that include design, material processing, and material evaluation. Validating the purpose of this paper, we emphasize the importance of optimizing the asset utilization and serviceability to enhance overall efficiency by integrating EAM software that manages assets, the operation management system (OMS) controlling the processes, and asset inspection management systems (AIMSs).
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Sakti Perdana, Baratadewa, AM Muh Hafidz Ma’shum, and Susminingsih Susminingsih. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ‘3-in-1’ financial reporting model in supporting the sustainability of MSMEs." Accounting and Financial Control 5, no. 1 (2024): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/afc.05(1).2024.02.
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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the global economy, but often face challenges in compiling and understanding financial statements. This study aims to identify effective financial reporting models for MSMEs in supporting the sustainability of their businesses in Indonesia. This qualitative field research focuses on MSME actors in the handicraft sector, household accessories retail, and laundry services. Through interviews, observations, and analysis of financial statement documents, it was found that the “3-in-1” financial statement model that integrates balance sheet, profit and loss, and cash flow in one worksheet provides significant benefits for MSMEs. This model offers a concise, easy-to-understand, and integrated presentation of financial information, allowing MSME actors to comprehensively understand the financial performance of their business. The results show that after 14 months of implementing the “3-in-1” model, the assets of one of the MSMEs increased by more than 1 billion rupiah. In addition, an informant in the retail sector reported a change from a loss of 16 million Rupiah to a profit of 44 million rupiah after improving the pricing procedure based on the “3-in-1” report. In the laundry service sector, the implementation of the “3-in-1” model allows business owners to pay themselves 50 thousand rupiah every day. This model has proven to be effective in supporting the sustainability of MSMEs by providing easy-to-understand financial reports, saving time and resources, and encouraging business growth. This study contributes to improving MSME financial literacy, better business decision-making, and encouraging innovation in financial reporting for the MSME sector.
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Amalia, Hesi Septianti, Lukita Tripermata, and Andini Utari Putri. "THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTING EMKM-BASED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (SAK) ON THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN SHOP BUSINESSES IN SUKARAME DISTRICT, PALEMBANG." CASHFLOW : CURRENT ADVANCED RESEARCH ON SHARIA FINANCE AND ECONOMIC WORLDWIDE 2, no. 3 (2023): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/cashflow.v2i3.581.
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This study aims to determine whether the application of financial accounting standards by shop owners in Sukarame District is in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SAK EMKM). The research method used is quantitative. The sample size for this study was 103 shopkeepers who operate businesses such as grocery stores, clothing stores, and clothing stores located in Sukarame District. Purposive sampling techniques were used with certain criteria. The data needed is primary data, collected through distributing questionnaires to shop business actors in Sukarame District. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SAK EMKM) have not been fully implemented in the financial statements of SME shops in Sukarame District. MSMEs only prepare simple reports such as profit and loss statements. This is because MSME shops around Sukarame District do not know about the existence of Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SAK EMKM). They have never even heard of what SAK EMKM is. This is due to the lack of knowledge of business actors and the low level of government socialization of the preparation of financial statements for SMEs.
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NAZARENKO, Y. A. "TAX ON THE WITHDRAWAL OF CAPITAL AS A MECHANISM TO INCREASE THE CAPITALIZATION LEVEL OF ENTERPRISES." Economic innovations 21, no. 2(71) (2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.2(71).83-90.
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Topicality. Increasing the level of capitalization of the economy is of strategic importance for Ukraine, since market transformation in Ukraine is inherently capitalization of the economy. All this necessitates further investigation of the mechanisms of capitalization of enterprises, including tax mechanisms.Aim and tasks. Analyze tax on the withdrawal of capital and experience of its use in Estonia, identify its benefits and potential risks, propose improvements to its legislative support.Research results. The corporate income tax system is designed in such a way that dividends can be paid even if no profit is received. In the future, these dividends derived from one of the schemes are deposited on offshore accounts. According to conservative estimates of experts of the Institute for Social and Economic Transformation, the losses of the budget of Ukraine from offshore schemes amount to UAH 50-65 billion a year. The chances of tax evasion are great. Large Ukrainian companies, with the help of auditors, can reduce their tax burden from 18% to 3-4%. The main disadvantages of the income tax collection system are the discretion of the administration (the decision-making power of the officials at its discretion) and corruption. Many experts and businessmen see the solution to this problem by replacing the income tax with tax on the withdrawal of capital. This will ensure that business profits are not taxed as long as they are not paid out to the owners in the form of dividends and equivalent payments, that is, they are not taken out of business. Estimates of the negative short-term impact on budget revenues differ. The most optimistic estimates range from 0.5% to 1.2-1.3% of GDP. It is likely that the use of capital deduction will lead to a decrease in tax revenues, but such a sharp fall as the situation in Estonia in Ukraine is not likely to be, since the new tax will be paid by "loss-making" enterprises, and the operations used today for tax evasion will be taxed. Estimates of the negative short-term impact on budget revenues differ. The most optimistic estimates range from 0.5% to 1.2-1.3% of GDP. It is likely that the use of tax on the withdrawal of capital will lead to a decrease in tax revenues, but such a sharp fall as the situation in Estonia in Ukraine is not likely to be, since the new tax will be paid by "loss-making" enterprises, and the operations used today for tax evasion will be taxed.Analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine on tax on the withdrawal of capital allows to determine a number of proposals for its improvement in the part of enterprises that have accumulated losses in the amount exceeding their own capital or in the amount of UAH 100 million; exemption from tax on interest on the deposit, if they remain on it; defining the norms of the shortage that the enterprise can attribute to the property provided free of charge; deviation of the contractual value of the taxpayer's property upwards or downwards from ordinary prices; the unification of the tax rate on the withdrawal of capital with the tax rate on personal income.Conclusion. Tax on the withdrawal of capital forms a self-regulating economic system, that is, if dividends are not paid and invested in the development of an enterprise, then production increases, which in turn leads to an increase in value added tax and wage tax. The introduction of this tax will provide a number of positive consequences: growth of business activity, acceleration of modernization of enterprises, redistribution of the tax burden on all taxpayers, reduction of the tax burden; simplification of control and simplification of tax accounting, reduction of methods of tax minimization, shadowing of the economy.
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Lu, Jing, Hanyue Zhang, Xinxin Zhang, and Yutong Zhuang. "Research on Risk Avoidance Methods of Venture Capital." BCP Business & Management 38 (March 2, 2023): 1955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.4010.
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The situation of domestic and foreign financial markets is turbulent. How to effectively guide residents to make financial investment, improve the quality of financial investment and prevent investment risks is a very important topic. Venture capital is a kind of investment behavior which aims to promote the commercialization of high-tech achievements as soon as possible in order to obtain high capital returns. Venture capitalists should not only invest capital, but also play their long-term accumulated experience and knowledge as equity owners, and use the information network to help enterprise management. This paper studies the avoidance method of risk investment through the analysis of risk investment cases. Through the study of the failure cases of venture capital, it is found that the problems of venture capital mainly appear in the failure of technology commercialization, internal disputes of equity, defects in business model, and fierce competition environment. The study suggests that when using high-tech venture capital, technical research must follow the commercial model. All rules and systems of shareholder cooperation are very important, such as equity distribution, entry conditions, exit mechanism, conflict resolution mechanism, profit distribution, etc. When an enterprise introduces investors or engages in financing, it must design the basic path to control the control of the company. Otherwise, once you lose control of the company, it will be difficult to return. Also, venture capital should have a clear understanding of the business model, keep up with the changing sales environment, and understand people's needs to make venture capital. Moreover, the key factor determining investment success is that investors must consider natural monopoly when looking at macro industries through products
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Martiana, Andri, Ani Yunita, Sobar M. Jauhari, Salina Kassim, and Wing-Keung Wong. "First Stage Evaluation of ISSuFiRs: Partners’ Financial Report Monitoring System by Islamic Financial Cooperatives (BMT) in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 440 (2023): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344006007.
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Most MSMEs, especially micro-enterprises, do not have good business accounting records, making it difficult for owners/managers to measure the profitability of their companies. Internal control management has a significant influence in reducing fraud in Micro Enterprises. The more principles-based accounting rules, the shorter the delay in annual reporting disclosures. It is important to have a good financial reporting system that can be utilized by Micro Enterprises and its cooperation partners who provide and distribute funds. ISSuFiRs is a web-based application that enables Islamic Financial Cooperatives to track the business progress of their financing partners. With this application, micro businesses can disclose their business activities in these financial records in accordance with the SAK-ETAP national accounting standards. Reporting on this system includes balance sheet, profit and loss, cash flow, sources, use of ZIS funds, and comments on financial reports. This study presents a prototyping framework that enables user value perception, evaluation, and continuous improvement of ISSuFiR design quality through co-creation methods. It is hoped that a simple and effective financial reporting system, ISSuFiRs, will be useful for Micro Enterprises and Islamic Financial Cooperatives to monitor business developments. This study proposes a prototyping framework that enables the user's perception of value. The framework is expected to be implemented in industrial product service systems, evaluated and then concluded. This research is ongoing, with a new prototype being rebuilt based on the evaluation results.
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Тутова, Анастасія Сергіївна. "АНАЛІЗ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ТОП-МЕНЕДЖЕРІВ УКРАЇНИ ЯК ОСНОВИ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 139, № 5 (2020): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2019.5.12.
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The article explores the dynamics of creating favorable environment for doing business in Ukraine as a key characteristic of business development. The study offers interpretations to the concepts of «incentive», «stimulation» and «economic incentive» along with presenting a salary survey of the highest paid top executives and the net profit of the largest domestic state-owned companies. One of the basic challenges for the national economy development is achieving high standards of living, in particular high income of citizens. Salary is a major source of income for hired personnel. However, for an employer, remuneration, as well as any type of material reward is a stimulating tool for staff to attain the company goals, on the one hand, and an element of production costs, on the other. Thus, building an optimal system of economic incentives accommodates the interests of all stakeholders in the labor process: employees, employers and the government as a whole. A top manager is one of the most critical elements of the company human capital, while personnel costs is a specific type of investment in the overall structure of the incentive system. The national legislation allows business owners not to disclose data on bonuses and salaries of their top managers. To date, the common practice of state-owned enterprises in paying bonuses to top executives is not to disclose the criteria of such remunerations which eventually might lead to a situation when heads of loss-making enterprises can receive bonuses.
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Made Wedaswari, Salman Faris Insani, Sari Widati, Siti Nur Annisaa’, and Rihan Mustafa Zahri. "Meningkatkan Value Product, Pelaporan Keuangan Digital Dan Pemasaran Digital Pasca Covid 19 Pada UMKM Katering Darso." Jurnal Informasi Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 3 (2023): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47861/jipm-nalanda.v1i3.430.
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Sukoharjo is a district that has quite well-known names or nicknames, including: prosperous city, textile city, city of girls (trade, education, industry, and business), herbal medicine district, and so on. One of the industries run in Sukoharjo district is a home industry. The home industry is one manifestation of the existence of Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as a support for the Indonesian economy which contributes 23.89% to GDP and 93.78% to total employees. The development of the culinary world in Sukoharjo district is quite rapid. This is in line with the development of catering in the Sukoharjo district. For example, the MSME business in Darso catering is in Kwarasan, Grogol, Sukoharjo. Business competitors in the culinary catering business industry will be able to survive if they increase the value of their products. The management of Darso's catering business is still simple. Have not kept records of financial reports or bookkeeping in an orderly manner. These proposals together with the Community Service Team and partners will carry out training in management management starting with planning, implementing and supervising / controlling production activities in accordance with the expectations of business owners, namely being able to produce goods / products effectively and efficiently, so that business owners can guarantee survival and development, then it is appropriate if the company does the best management in the field of production. Since the Covid-19 pandemic took place, Darso's catering business has begun to redesign its business. During the pandemic, Darso catering owners started doing research. Solutions related to increasing product value by increasing new innovations such as improving service quality. Service quality can be improved by means of good and friendly service to consumers or customers of the catering business. Improving the quality of packaging or product containers produced. Maximizing the use of marketing tools, namely to identify consumer responses to products. Provide basic accounting training and assistance in making simple general journals to profit and loss reports. Financial management and management based on financial applications. Designing an online marketing system by conducting training and mentoring on the use of social media and optimizing strategies for using e-commerce applications.
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Rosyidiana, Riska Nur, Rizka Miladiah Ervianty, Wahyu Firmandani, Marta Linduwati, and Cantika Caesar Margaretha. "DIGITALIZATION OF MSMEs: IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCT DETAIL PAGES AND DIGITAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ON MSMEs IN BOJONEGORO." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v7i1.2023.1-12.
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These recent years Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) undergo a digital transformation in expanding their market reach. Digitalization is applied to all operational activities so that this can be achieved. Digitalization was also carried out by the members of the East Java IKM Forum (FIJ) Bojonegoro Branch. This community service activity, in the form of training and mentoring, aims to expand sales channels through digital marketing and improve business financial management. The number of participants in this community service activity is 25 business actors who are members of FIJ Bojonegoro Branch. Digital marketing optimization is carried out through the implementation of Product Detail Pages. Detailed product information helps business owners to display their products optimally through marketplace applications. In addition, an understanding of financial performance through the preparation of profit and loss statements helps business actors to easily manage working capital so that businesses develop a success. The training activities were delivered in the form of lectures and focus group discussions methods. Meanwhile, mentoring activities are carried out through optimizing product display and preparing financial reports practices. Data were obtained through pre and post-test, question and answer session, and questionnaire survey. The results of the activity show that there was an increase in the skills and knowledge of participants in the field of digital marketing and financial management.
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Iryna, Panchenko, and Stovba Tetiana. "Modern practice of implementing marketing and sales activities of agricultural enterprises: strategic and innovative aspects." Actual problems of innovative economy and law 2025, no. 1 (2025): 87–92. https://doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2025-1-22.
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The article explores key aspects of marine risk insurance as an integral element of risk management in maritime transport and trade. It reveals the nature and categories of marine risks, highlighting the significance of insurance in protecting the interests of shipowners, cargo owners, and other participants in maritime activities. It examines the main categories of insurance: hull insurance, cargo insurance, liability insurance for shipowners, freight insurance, and loss of profit insurance. The primary legal aspects of marine insurance regulation are analyzed through national legislation and international conventions, such as the Hague-Visby Rules, Hamburg Rules, and Rotterdam Rules. The role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in influencing insurance regulation through maritime safety standards and environmental requirements is also examined. The article addresses mechanisms for regulatory oversight by national authorities to ensure transparency, stability, and compliance of insurance companies’ activities with legislative requirements. It investigates key economic factors affecting the marine insurance market, including fluctuations in oil prices, international trade volumes, global economic activity, and political instability. Emphasis is placed on harmonizing national and international legislation to ensure stable insurance relations and improve dispute resolution efficiency. Practical aspects of the interaction between marine insurance market participants and the influence of external economic conditions on its development are analyzed. The research findings underscore the strategic importance of marine insurance in maintaining the stability of the global economy, particularly in international trade and cargo transportation. Comprehensive legal and economic regulation of marine insurance is shown to promote its effective functioning, protect market participants’ interests, and ensure financial sustainability in maritime transportation. Keywords: and/or key phrases: marine risk insurance, risk management, cargo insurance, insurable interest.
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Fayzieva, Nilufar Shukhrat qizi. "ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY INDICATORS IN THE FINANCING MECHANISM OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF LAW, FINANCE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2, no. 3 (2022): 122–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6379257.
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One of the important steps in the financing mechanism of state-owned enterprises is the assessment of the effectiveness of joint-stock companies with limited share capital, limited liability and additional liability companies, state-owned enterprises. The state is economically interested in ensuring the minimum efficiency of their financial and economic activities in order to ensure financial stability in the enterprises in which they have a share. Of course, the relationship between the introduction of performance indicators in enterprises with state share, its analysis and regulation is a comprehensive process. This article focuses on these issues.
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Nwoke, Linda, Ifeanyi, Atemoagbo, Oyarekhua Precious, Abdullahi Aisha, and Siyan Peter. "The Impact of Cashless Policy on the Performance of Msmes in Nigeria Using Aritificial Neural Network." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 9, no. 08 (2022): 7182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v9i08.09.
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This study investigates the impact of cashless policy on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Suleja, Nigeria, using Neural Network regression model. A survey research design was employed to collect data from 400 MSMEs, which were segmented into three clusters based on their cashless payment system adoption using Artificial Neural Network Clustering algorithm. The results show that the MSMEs were segmented into three clusters, with Cluster 1 having high adoption (n=150, 37.5%), Cluster 2 having moderate adoption (n=120, 30%), and Cluster 3 having low adoption (n=130, 32.5%). The study found that the adoption of cashless payment systems has a significant positive impact on the financial performance of MSMEs, with Cluster 1 having the highest financial performance (mean profit margin = 25.6%, SD = 5.2). Neural network regression model was used to predict business performance metrics, with a moderate level of predictive performance (MSE = 2.867, RMSE = 1.693, MAE = 1.693, MAPE = 42.33%). Feature importance analysis reveals that Health/Pharmacies and Repair of Home Gadgets are the most important features, with a mean dropout loss of 1.353. The findings of this study are important for policymakers, business owners, and researchers in the areas of financial inclusion, digital payments, and MSME development. The study highlights the potential benefits of cashless policy on the financial performance of MSMEs and identifies key factors that influence the adoption of cashless payment systems. The results can inform policy interventions and business strategies aimed at promoting financial inclusion and improving the performance of MSMEs in Nigeria and similar contexts.
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Gurkov, Igor B., Nikolay B. Filinov, and Zokirzhon B. Saidov. "The impact of the sale of Russian divisions of western companies on the technological level of production in Russia." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 1 (March 13, 2024): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2024-1(104)-35-46.
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The article provides a general overview of the development of the reaction of companies from “unfriendly countries” with manufacturing subsidiaries in Russia to the development of the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, empirical studies of the phenomenon and attempts to theoretically understand it. The purpose of the work is to stage the process and identify constructs from the theory of international business and related academic fields that could be and was used to explain and predict the behavior of its participants. The work is based on the authors’ database of all 280 enterprises of Western corporations opened in Russia between January 2012 and December 2019. The current version of the database includes profit and loss statements of 280 companies from 2019 to 2022, as well as information on their sales in 2022. The first stage of the reaction of Western business (2014 – February 2022) was a market restructuring and included both the departure of some companies from the Russian market and the opening of new production facilities from existing market players and the arrival of new ones. The second stage (February 2022 – end of 2022) was characterized by a relatively free exit of Western companies from the Russian market, which took various forms. In general, 27.8% of production facilities created in 2012–2019 by Western companies changed owners, varying by industry from 20 to 40%. It is too early to judge the impact of this departure on the economy in terms of production volumes, its technological level and management culture: there is no data. If we evaluate the scope of this exit in the value of fixed assets, that have changed owners, tht figure amounted to 1–2% of the cost of fixed assets in the corresponding sector of Russian industry, and only in the industry “Metallic works” it amounted to 5.7%. The third stage, which continues in present, is characterized by the introduction by the Russian side of significant restrictions that complicate and slow down divestment and prevent the disintegration of production complexes created by Western investors with the sale of equipment and the elimination of jobs.
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Henny, Juliani, Cahya Susila Wibawa Kadek, Solechan, and Sonhaji. "Indonesian Regulations Related to State Losses in Persero State- Owned Enterprises Partly Owned by the State." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 06, no. 04 (2023): 1805–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7874906.
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Indonesian Regulations Related to State Losses in Persero State-Owned Enterprises Partly Owned by the State. Persero SOE as a form of SOE has capital in the form of share ownership which is wholly or at least 51% (fifty-one percent) of its shares owned by the Republic of Indonesia. The main objective is to pursue profit. Thus, it is possible that in an SOE Persero, the shares are not only owned by the state but also partially owned by other parties. Therefore, the capital of the SOE is partly or wholly derived from state finances. The type of research used was qualitative research, especially doctrinal legal research. It used a statute approach, collecting data and legal materials through library research and analyzing using qualitative analysis. The research results obtained were state assets that have been transformed into SOE capital whose management was subject to the business paradigm (business judgment rules). However, the separation of state assets does not turn them into SOEs assets which are independent of state assets. Therefore, the operationalization of SOEs is based on both private law and public law.
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Gurbanov, Nijat, Nargiz Yagublu, Narmin Akbarli, and Ibrahim Niftiyev. "Digitalization and the Covid-19-led public crisis management: an evaluation of financial sustainability in the Azerbaijan business sector." SocioEconomic Challenges 6, no. 3 (2022): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.6(3).23-38.2022.
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One of the key challenges for businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic has been to maintain financial sustainability despite the public crisis and consumer demand shocks. While some companies have managed to digitize and cope with the new realities, others have not. This will determine the future of companies and the direction of anti-crisis tools in management strategies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of digitalization as an anti-crisis tool among Azerbaijani businesses during the Covid-19 outbreak. The data set is based on voluntary survey data gathered from key businesses of the Azerbaijan economy. Our analysis applied k-means clustering, the related-samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and the independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test to learn whether there was any connection between digitalization and financial sustainability. Our findings indicate that 42% of the businesses that participated in the study obtained benefits by using digitalization as a crisis management tool during the Covid-19 pandemic period, but 38% of the respondents did not report any significant changes in their businesses despite increased digitalization efforts. Moreover, 20% of the businesses examined experienced negative changes after digitalization. The results of the independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test indicated that those businesses that had high scores before and after the increased digitalization efforts during the Covid-19 pandemic, achieved higher median profits, while the businesses with lower scores experienced a financial loss. As can be seen from the results, the chances of benefiting from digitalization are rather uncertain for local businesses. The main policy conclusion from this study is that businesses in Azerbaijan need to address the digitization challenge comprehensively to increase benefits and reduce costs. The results of our study are useful for business owners, policy makers, and top managers when developing strategies for enterprise-level digitization, especially during and after viral outbreaks.
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Venkateswararao.Podile. "Profitability Analysis of A Large Enterprise - A Case study of Tulasi Seeds Private Limited." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 10 (2018): 468–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467838.
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Owners and Managers are naturally interested in financial soundness of their Business Enterprise. Financial soundness can be measured in terms of operating efficiency. Operating efficiency of an enterprise means its ability to earn adequate returns to owners and depends ultimately on the profits earned by the enterprise. The profitability of an enterprise is measured by profitability ratios. In this paper, an attempt is made to do Profitability Analysis of Tulasi Seeds Private Limited. Tulasi Seeds Private Limited is a flagship company in Tulasi group of companies. Tulasi Seeds Private Limited is producing seeds. This was established in the year 1992 near Guntur in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Profitability analysis was done through analyzing various profit margins, Profitability ratios relating to investments and Profitability ratios relating to various expenses. Profit margins covered include Gross Profit Margin, Operating Profit Margin and Net Profit Margin. Profitability ratios relating to investments include Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) and Return on Share holder’s equity (ROSE). Profitability ratios relating to various expenses include Cost of Goods sold Ratio, Operating Expenses Ratio, Administrative Expenses Ratio, Selling Expenses Ratio and Financial Expenses Ratio. Chi-square test is used for testing the hypotheses formed.
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Nazarova, Tetjana, Shevchenko Maryna, and Inna Rybalchenko. "PROFIT FORMATION PROCESS AT THE ENTERPRISE AND EVALUATION OF ITS MANAGEMENT." Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), no. 4 (November 8, 2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2022.4.27.
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The article reveals the economic essence of profit, which is the result of the enterprise activity and the indicator that determines its efficiency, generalizes the interpretation of the authors and their approaches to the definition of "profit", identifies its common features in the works of scientists. It is proved that the need to understand the peculiarities of profit formation at the enterprise and its evaluation is due to the adoption of competent management decisions to maximize it. The mechanism of profit formation at the enterprise and its peculiarities are considered, the main factors of influence on the formation of enterprise profit are highlighted. The main sources of profit formation are systematized and the main goal of profit management at the enterprise is substantiated. It is determined that the main activity of the enterprise is the operating activity, so the assessment of the management of the process of profitability formation of the enterprise should be aimed at managing the process of profit formation from operating activities. It is noted that profit management at the enterprise is the process of developing and making effective management decisions in order to maximize the welfare of the owners of the enterprise in the current and future periods. The main groups of indicators for assessing the management of profit formation are allocated and the formulas for their calculation are indicated, which include: efficiency of use of fixed production assets, efficiency of labor use, efficiency of use of material resources, efficiency of use of working capital. It is proved that the assessment of management of the process of profitability formation of an economic entity also involves the assessment of profitability indicators.
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Desai, Mihir A., and Robert J. Yetman. "Constraining Managers without Owners: Governance of the Not-for-Profit Enterprise." Journal of Governmental & Nonprofit Accounting 4, no. 1 (2015): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ogna-51138.
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ABSTRACT In the absence of owners, how effective are the constraints imposed by the state in promoting effective organization governance? This paper develops state-level indices of the governance environment facing not-for-profits and examines the effects of these rules on not-for-profit behavior. Stronger provisions aimed at detecting and punishing managerial misbehavior are associated with significantly greater charitable expenditures, increased foundation payouts, and lower managerial compensation. The paper also examines how governance influences an alternative metric of not-for-profit performance—the provision of social insurance. Stronger governance measures are associated with intertemporal smoothing of resources in response to economic shocks. JEL Classifications: L30; G30; H40; K20.
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Ardhyanto, Ryan Rakhmat, Mardalena Mardalena, and Imam Asngari. "ANALISIS BAGI HASIL TANGKAP IKAN PADA NELAYAN DI PULAU BAAI KOTA BENGKULU." Convergence: The Journal of Economic Development 2, no. 2 (2021): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/convergence-jep.v2i2.14403.
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This research aims to determine the mudharabah profit sharing system for fishermen in the Kampung Melayu sub-district, Bengkulu City. The data used are primary data from 95 selected samples. The profit sharing system for the mudharabah muqayyah carried out by boat owners and fishermen is 4 (four) types, namely 50 percent share for boat owners 50 percent fishermen, 60 percent share for boat owners 40 percent share for fishermen, 30 percent share for boat owners 70 percent for fishermen, and labor fishermen who are paid a daily wage of Rp. 70.00 per day. The profit sharing system used is profit and loss sharing, none of which uses revenue sharing. The impact of the sharing system for 50 percent of boat owners and 50 percent of fishermen is more profitable for fishermen than other systems.
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Lewis, Tracy R., and David E. M. Sappington. "Motivating Wealth-Constrained Actors." American Economic Review 90, no. 4 (2000): 944–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.4.944.
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We examine how owners of productive resources (e.g., public enterprises or financial capital) optimally allocate their resources among wealth-constrained operators of unknown ability. Optimal allocations exhibit: (1) shared enterprise profit—the resource owner always shares the operator's profit; (2) dispersed enterprise ownership—resources are widely distributed among operators of varying ability; (3) limited benefits of competition—the owner may not benefit from increased competition for the resource; and, sometimes, (4) diluted incentives for the most capable—more capable operators receive smaller shares of the returns they generate. Implications for privatizations and venture capital arrangements are explored. (JEL D82, D44, D20)
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Shaidullin, Rail R., Eldar O. Samitov, Natalia V. Baturova, and Damir I. Musagitov. "ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF ENTERPRISE PROFITS: QUESTIONS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 12/22, no. 153 (2024): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.12.22.005.
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The article is devoted to the study of the company's profits. The analysis of the company's profits is a key element of economic development. A commercial enterprise should be based on management using modern technologies. Profit is the main indicator of the company's performance and depends on proper management and the generated budget. Profit is priceless, it is the main source of profit for the enterprise along with investments and additional income from the property of the organization. To make a profit, it is necessary to use modern technologies in enterprise management, the software of the Astra company makes a great contribution to the information support of the enterprise. Domestic manufacturers of enterprise profit and loss con-trol software have shown the effectiveness and reliability of enterprise profit control. innovations in the field of personnel management, we considered the main
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Shtefan, N. M., D. S. Bukreieva, L. H. Solianyk, and K. M. Ovdiienko. "Improvement of enterprise profit management." Economic Bulletin of Dnipro University of Technology 88 (December 2024): 189–97. https://doi.org/10.33271/ebdut/88.189.
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Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of scientific research was the work of scientists on the issues of formation and distribution of enterprise profits, its role in modern business conditions. To achieve the goal, the article used general scientific and specific methods: methods of theoretical generalization – for researching the process of formation and distribution of profit in accordance with changes in the environment and the development of scientific and technical progress; statistical method – when determining the share of tax revenues, including income tax, in the revenues of the state budget of Ukraine; logical analysis – when forming ways to improve the company's profit management; generalization and synthesis – to justify the scientific approach in optimizing the proportions of the distribution of profit into capitalized and consumed parts. Results. Each enterprise faces the task of developing an effective organizational and economic model of innovative development, which is based on determining the strategy of innovative development based on the search for innovative ways of maximizing the enterprise's profit and increasing its value. The article highlights issues related to the need to intensify innovative activity in the scientific, technological and industrial spheres with the simultaneous development of the country's innovative infrastructure. In the conditions of a sustainable economy, it is necessary to achieve economic, social and environmental goals at the same time. The main economic goal, the achievement of which depends on the well-being of the enterprise, is the amount of profit obtained, which depends on its effective management. The issue of managing the payment of tax liabilities from income to the budget in terms of corporate income tax and their impact on the revenue part of the state budget of Ukraine was considered. Novelty. A management model for the formation, distribution and use of the company's profit and directions for improving the profit management based on the optimization of the proportions of the distribution of the profit into parts that are capitalized and consumed in order to increase the total income of the owners are proposed. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the influence of environmental factors when determining the economic efficiency of innovations when determining the capitalized part of the profit. Practical value. The results of the conducted research can be useful for business entities in the conditions of sustainable post-war development of Ukraine.
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Wronka-Pośpiech, Martyna. "How social entrepreneurs learn new skills? The role of social economy support centres in supporting know- how development." Economics, Entrepreneurship, Management 8, no. 2 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/eem2021.02.035.
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The modern business model means that, regardless whether for-profit or non-profit, an organization should have both the willingness and the ability to learn and develop. Nowadays social enterprise has emerged as a key factor in efforts to address the many complex issues facing the world today. Its focus on providing a benefit to society as a whole rather than just the owners of the enterprise make it ideal for addressing the global concerns of the environment, healthcare, education, economic growth, and poverty alleviation. This article demonstrates specific examples on how Social Economy Support Centres create policy programmes for social enterprises and support their legal, financial and know-how development.
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Cwyl, Jarosław. "Distribution of the tax burden of a capital enterprise." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 45, no. 4A (2023): 35–48. https://doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2023.033.
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The article deals with the phenomenon of shifting income tax burdening the profits of capital enterprises. The tax system tends to discriminate fiscally against the owners of such enterprises, as it means paying tax on the profit made, and then from the profit made after dividends are paid also tax on dividends. This results in lower efficiency of capital allocation in the economy, and causes changes in the relationship between the cost of capital and labor and their use in production processes. As long as the factors of production can substitute for each other, this or even another tax can be borne by both factors to varying degrees depending on the specific characteristics of the market.
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Hardy, Morgan, and Gisella Kagy. "Mind The (Profit) Gap: Why Are Female Enterprise Owners Earning Less than Men?" AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181025.
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We explore potential causes for the well-documented profit gap between male- and female-owned microenterprises in low-income countries. We use rich data from an ongoing field project in Ghana's garment making sector, and our study sample consists of all garment making firms in a midsize district capital. Even within the same industry, male-owned firms earn nearly twice as much profit as female-owned firms. Furthermore, we find the large and persistent gender difference in profits cannot be explained by our extensive firm- and owner-level characteristics. We conclude that factors outside of individual firm or firm-owner characteristics are likely to be at play.
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Irsya Septiana, Fadia. "Optical Store Banten Optical Profit Loss Statement." Operations Research: International Conference Series 1, no. 4 (2020): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47194/orics.v1i4.152.
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Banten Optical Store is an outlet that carries out business activities in the eyewear sector. The Banten Optical store generates its main income from the sale of glasses, but this shop is still difficult to find out. Analysis of the profit from its sales. Therefore, a profit and loss financial statement was made to analyze the profit of the Banten Optical Store in the period January 2022 and February 2022. In making this report, the method used was collecting data from the store which included revenue and assets. This profit and loss financial statement can also help store owners to find out the income from store profits.
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Zimah, Salwa Syarief, Tri Hesti Utaminingtyas, and Marsellisa Nindito. "Implementation of Accounting Software in the Financial Reports of Village-Owned Enterprises Bojonggede Mandiri." International Student Conference on Business, Education, Economics, Accounting, and Management (ISC-BEAM) 2, no. 1 (2024): 791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/isc-beam.012.49.
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There are still many Village-Owned Enterprises (VOE’s) in Indonesia that have not submitted financial reports in accordance with PDTT Village Ministerial Decree No. 136 of 2022. In fact, this is important to pay attention to because the financial reports at Village-Owned Enterprises will be used as economic decision making. This also happened to Village-Owned Enterprises Bojonggede Mandiri, the Village-Owned Enterprises has not submitted financial reports in accordance with the applicable Ministerial Decree. Therefore, the aim of this research is to implement Zahir Apps accounting software to assist in preparing financial reports for Village-Owned Enterprises Bojonggede Mandiri in accordance with PDTT Village Ministerial Decree No. 136 of 2022. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques use two types of data sources, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data consists of interviews, observations and documentation, while secondary data consists of Village-Owned Enterprises financial reports for the period October 2023 to March 2024. The data validity technique used is the data source triangulation technique and the data analysis technique used is data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that VOE’s Bojonggede Mandiri has implemented financial reports in accordance with the applicable Ministerial Decree and Produced a profit and loss financial report, financial position reports and cash flow report using Zahir Apps. However, the VOE’s still doesn’t understand more deeply about the use of Zahir Apps. Namely by producing a profit and loss financial report, financial position report and cash flow report. Therefore, the researcher provides a draft Zahir Appa usage guidebook for VOE’s to use as a reference in preparing financial reports using Zahir Apps.
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Kozlov, D. "ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF A MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE FOR FURTHER INTERNALIZATION OF NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 1 (2021): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.1-37.
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Modern and current works and research on the subject of externalities are analysed. The problems of research of externalities by numerical analysis are determined. Some articles of the consolidated balance sheet and consolidated report on the financial results of the enterprise on the separation of externalities of economic activity of the machine-building enterprise are considered. For each balance sheet item and consolidated report, economic, social and environmental externalities are identified in accordance with the principles of sustainable development of the machine-building enterprise. Each item of the balance sheet and consolidated report is also considered by the nature of the impact of externalities, that is indicating negative and positive externalities. There are three groups of indicators of economic externalities. The coefficient of a separate item of expenditure, reflecting externalities, depending on the total amount of the balance sheet is determined. In order to calculate the effect of a separate external to net profit (loss), the weight estimate of each external is determined depending on the nature of the impact on the economic activity of the machine-building enterprise. To determine the impact of externalities on net profit (or loss) for each year, the sum of the coefficients depending on the total weight estimate was studied separately. The ratio of the change in the sum of the coefficients of externalities in comparison with the profit or loss of the machine-building enterprise is determined, and also the influence of externalities on the net profit is taken into account. The moments of transition of positive externalities to negative and on the contrary in relation to receiving profit or the task of loss are specified. The average value of the sum of the coefficients of externalities as a percentage of the balance sheet is given. Thus, the influence of the dependence of negative externalities on the final profit of the machine-building enterprise is determined. The need for further internalization of negative externalities for the development of social welfare and positive impact on the environment is identified.
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Pakšiová, Renáta. "The Critical Analysis of Profit for its Allocation Decision-Making." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 64, s1 (2017): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2017-0039.
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AbstractThe decrease of the business property can cause a reduction in the production ability of the enterprise to the extent causing an involuntary closing of business activities. It is usually caused not only by the reported loss, but also by the greater distribution of profits, as is the amount of the real level of the enterprise's distributable profit. A thorough analysis of the reported accounting profit described in this paper should be the starting point for the allocation of profit. It is important to be able to identify and assign a portion of the accounting profit, corresponding to the non-realised profit and fictitious profit, where eventual release outside the enterprise threatens the future performance of the enterprise. These portions of the reported profit do not correspond to the actually made, realised and real production, which is a necessary condition to achieve a real profit to possible safety division to investors.
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Isep, Amas Priatna, Budiman Hakim Dedi, Syaukat Yusman, and Effendi Jaenal. "The Impact of Changes in Village Progress on the Income of Village-Owned Enterprises." JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES 06, no. 02 (2023): 933–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7673742.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of changes in village progress on the operating revenues of village-owned enterprises (BUMDesa). The data is sourced from the Developing Village Index (IDM), profit and loss statements, and balance sheets for 2019-2020 from 30 BUMDesa units located in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The method used is a panel data regression analysis approach. The results showed that the model chosen in describing the effect of changes in village progress on the income of Village Owned Enterprises was the Random Effects (REM) Model with an F value of 0.000316 less than a significant level of 5% indicating that the level of development of village progress had a positive effect on operating revenues village-owned enterprises. The results of this study at least provide confirmation to the Government to encourage village progress so that it has an impact on the progress of business institutions in the village.