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Journal articles on the topic 'Lossy forward'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Gonzalez, Diana Cristina, Albrecht Wolf, Luciano Leonel Mendes, Jose Candido Silveira Santos Filho, Michel Daoud Yacoub, and Gerhard Fettweis. "Allocating Power to Lossy-Forward Relays." IEEE Communications Letters 22, no. 7 (July 2018): 1502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2816041.

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2

Lin, Wensheng, Shen Qian, and Tad Matsumoto. "Lossy-Forward Relaying for Lossy Communications: Rate-Distortion and Outage Probability Analyses." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, no. 8 (August 2019): 3974–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2919831.

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3

Kang, Jin-Seob, and Jung-Woong Ra. "Forward diffraction pattern by cylindrical cavity in lossy medium." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 22, no. 5 (September 5, 1999): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(19990905)22:5<335::aid-mop13>3.0.co;2-9.

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4

Abdulla, Parosh Aziz, Aurore Collomb-Annichini, Ahmed Bouajjani, and Bengt Jonsson. "Using Forward Reachability Analysis for Verification of Lossy Channel Systems." Formal Methods in System Design 25, no. 1 (July 2004): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:form.0000033962.51898.1a.

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5

Santos Filho, Jose Candido Silveira, Diana Cristina Gonzalez, Albrecht Wolf, Luciano Leonel Mendes, Michel Daoud Yacoub, and Gerhard Fettweis. "SNR-Aware Power Allocation Scheme for Lossy-Forward Relaying Systems." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 7, no. 6 (December 2018): 1018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2844857.

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6

Qian, Shen, Xiaobo Zhou, Xin He, Jiguang He, Markku Juntti, and Tad Matsumoto. "Performance Analysis for Lossy-Forward Relaying Over Nakagami- $m$ Fading Channels." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 11 (November 2017): 10035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2743498.

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7

Frolik, J. L., and A. E. Yagle. "Forward and inverse scattering for discrete layered lossy and absorbing media." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 44, no. 9 (1997): 710–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.624998.

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8

He, Jiguang, Valtteri Tervo, Shen Qian, Markku Juntti, and Tad Matsumoto. "Performance Analysis of OSTBC Transmission in Lossy Forward MIMO Relay Networks." IEEE Communications Letters 21, no. 8 (August 2017): 1791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2696962.

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9

He, Jiguang, Valtteri Tervo, Shen Qian, Qiang Xue, Markku Juntti, and Tad Matsumoto. "Performance Analysis of Lossy Decode-and-Forward for Non-Orthogonal MARCs." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17, no. 3 (March 2018): 1545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2780130.

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10

Aguerri, Inaki Estella, and Abdellatif Zaidi. "Lossy Compression for Compute-and-Forward in Limited Backhaul Uplink Multicell Processing." IEEE Transactions on Communications 64, no. 12 (December 2016): 5227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2016.2611673.

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11

Inoie, A. "Audio quality in lossy networks for media-specific forward error correction schemes." International Journal of Communication Systems 27, no. 2 (April 25, 2012): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.2361.

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12

Qian, Shen, Jiguang He, Markku Juntti, and Tad Matsumoto. "Performance analysis for two-way lossy-forward relaying with random Rician K-factor." IEICE Communications Express 6, no. 10 (2017): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.2017xbl0091.

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13

Isernia, T., L. Crocco, and M. D'Urso. "New Tools and Series for Forward and Inverse Scattering Problems in Lossy Media." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 1, no. 4 (October 2004): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2004.837008.

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14

Brennan, Conor, Dung Trinh-Xuan, Marie Mullen, Patrick Bradley, and Marissa Condon. "Improved Forward Backward Method With Spectral Acceleration for Scattering From Randomly Rough Lossy Surfaces." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, no. 7 (July 2013): 3922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2255091.

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15

Zhang, Lei, Kun Wang, Hui Chen, and Yanpeng Zhang. "Robust Conformal Perfect Absorber Involving Lossy Ultrathin Film." Photonics 7, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7030057.

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Perfect absorbers have been extensively investigated due to their significant value in solar cell, photodetection, and stealth technologies. Various subwavelength structures have been proposed to improve the absorption performances, such as high absorptance, broad band, and wide absorption angle. However, excellent performances usually put forward higher requirements on structural designs, such as varying the geometry sizes or shapes to fit different center wavelengths, which inevitably increases the fabrication burden. Here, a planar sandwich structure involving a layer of highly lossy material is proposed to achieve a robust perfect absorption with 95% absorptance ranging from the visible to near infrared range. Such an excellent absorption performance is also polarization-independent and applicable to a wide incident angle. Furthermore, the proposed design can also be applied to conformal surfaces with a 90% fluctuation over a steep surface. We believe that the proposed perfect absorber with distinguished performances can find wide application.

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16

Liang, Shih Tsung, Bo Yi Song, and Yu Yao Su. "Opportunistic Frame Forwarding in Wireless Mesh Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.941.

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Opportunistic routing has been shown to achieve the high throughput of the wireless mesh network with lossy channels. Different from deterministic routing mechanisms in which a frame is <em>transmitted</em> and forwarded along with a fixed and predetermined <em>path</em>, the opportunistic routing technique allows multiple nodes hearing the frame to form the forwarder set containing promising candidates for the frame forwarding. Existing opportunistic routing protocols typically choose among forwarding candidates based on the decision made from the transmitter disregarding the current loads in candidates. In this paper, the opportunistic frame forwarding mechanism with considering backlog of frames among forwarders is proposed and analyzed. Specifically, in addition to take into account the delivery probability, our proposal restricts members of the forwarder set for a given transmitter to those wireless nodes whose transmission range covers one another and makes the true forwarder picked from the forward set of a given transmitting frame being the one who gains access to wireless channel for the frame before others do. Therefore, the efficient and load-balanced opportunistic routing for wireless mesh networks can be achieved. Analytic results show that the proposed method compared to the deterministic routing methodology can achieve the high frame delivery ratio.

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17

Liu, Qing‐Huo, and Chung Chang. "Compressional head waves in attenuative formations: Forward modeling and inversion." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 6 (November 1996): 1908–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444106.

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We develop a method of forward modeling and inverting formation attenuation data from sonic compressional head waves in a fluid‐filled borehole using a branch‐cut integration (BCI) technique to calculate individual acoustic arrivals. We validate this approach with a real‐ axis integration (RAI) method that does not separate the individual arrivals. We show that the straightforward application of the original BCI method for lossless media gives erroneous results for attenuative formations. With a choice of the Riemann sheets satisfying the radiation condition, the new BCI method gives correct results for most lossy and lossless formations. However, modeling very slow formations needs to include the contribution of a leaky pole near the vertical branch cut. With a constant‐Q assumption, we develop a simple processing scheme to extract the formation compressional Q factor from the P head‐wave arrivals. We used experimental data from laboratory‐scale borehole measurements to invert for the compressional Q value of a Lucite block. The inverted results agree within 4.5% of an independent ultrasonic transmission measurement of Q.

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18

Assimaki, D., L. F. Kallivokas, J. W. Kang, W. Li, and S. Kucukcoban. "Time-domain forward and inverse modeling of lossy soils with frequency-independent Q for near-surface applications." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 43 (December 2012): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.07.001.

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19

Shen, Fei, Ning An, Yifei Tao, Hongping Zhou, Zhaoneng Jiang, and Zhongyi Guo. "Anomalous forward scattering of gain-assisted dielectric shell-coated metallic core spherical particles." Nanophotonics 6, no. 5 (December 9, 2016): 1063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0141.

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AbstractWe have investigated the scattering properties of an individual core-shell nanoparticle using the Mie theory, which can be tuned to support both electric and magnetic modes simultaneously. In general, the suppression of forward scattering can be realized by the second Kerker condition. Here, a novel mechanism has to be adopted to explain zero-forward scattering, which originates from the complex interactions between dipolar and quadrupolar modes. However, for lossy and lossless core-shell spherical nanoparticles, zero-forward scattering can never be achieved because the real parts of Mie expansion coefficients are always positive. By adding proper gain in dielectric shell, zero-forward scattering can be found at certain incident wavelengths, which means that all electric and magnetic responses in Mie scattering can be counteracted totally in the forward direction. In addition, if the absolute values of dipolar and quadrupolar terms are in the same order of magnitude, the local scattering minimum and maximum can be produced away from the forward and backward directions due to the interacting effect between the dipolar and quadrupolar terms. Furthermore, by adding suitable gain in shell, super-forward scattering can also be realized at certain incident wavelengths. We also demonstrated that anomalously weak scattering or superscattering could be obtained for the core-shell nanoparticles with suitable gain in shell. In particular, for such a choice of suitable gain in shell, we can obtain zero-forward scattering and anomalously weak scattering at the same wavelength as well as super-forward scattering at another wavelength. These features may provide new opportunities for cloaking, plasmonic lasers, optical antennas, and so on.

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20

Xue, Kaiping, Jiangping Han, Dan Ni, Wenjia Wei, Ying Cai, Qing Xu, and Peilin Hong. "DPSAF: Forward Prediction Based Dynamic Packet Scheduling and Adjusting With Feedback for Multipath TCP in Lossy Heterogeneous Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 2 (February 2018): 1521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2753398.

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21

Lamultree, Suthasinee. "Moving Reference Planes of Unit Cells of Reciprocal Lossy Periodic Transmission-Line Structures." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 16, no. 2 (January 17, 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2018162.171331.

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An analysis of moving reference planes of unit cells of reciprocal lossy periodic transmission-line (TL) structures (RLSPTLSs) by using the equivalent bi- characteristic-impedance transmission line (BCITL) model is presented. Applying the BCITL theory, only the equivalent BCITL parameters (characteristic impedances for wave propagating in forward and reverse directions and associated complex propagation constant) are of interest. In the analysis, an arbitrary infinite RLSPTLS is firstly considered by shifting a reference position of unit cells along TLs. Then, a semi-infinite terminated RLSPTLS is subsequently investigated in term of associated load reflection coefficients. It is found that the equivalent BCITL characteristic impedances of the original and shifted unit cells, as well as the associated load reflection coefficients of both unit cells, are mathematically related by the bilinear transformation. However, the equivalent BCITL complex propagation constant remains unchanged. Numerical results are provided to show the validity of the proposed technique.

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22

Aziz, Pervez M., Adam Healey, Cathy Liu, Freeman Zhong, and Alex Zabroda. "SerDes Design and Modeling over 25+ Gb/s Serial Link." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 000044–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-ta2-paper1.

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In this paper, signal integrity challenges for high speed serial link at 25 Gb/s, such as lossy channels and noisy environments are discussed. A few solution spaces to address those challenges are investigated, such as advanced equalization schemes, alternative signaling formats and forward error correction. It demonstrates that advanced signal processing enables long reach and extra long reach serial link performance at 25 Gb/s in next generation systems. Modeling methodologies used in SerDes behavioral models to ensure good correlation with transistor level circuit simulation are also discussed.

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23

Faruque, M. R. I., M. T. Islam, and M. A. M. Ali. "A New Design of Metamaterials for SAR Reduction." Measurement Science Review 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2013-0011.

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The purpose of this paper is to calculate the reduction of specific absorption rate (SAR) with a new design of square metamaterials (SMMs). The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with lossy-Drude model is adopted in this analysis. The method of SAR reduction is discussed and the effects of location, distance, and size of metamaterials are analyzed. SMMs have achieved a 53.06% reduction of the initial SAR value for the case of 10 gm SAR. These results put forward a guideline to select various types of metamaterials with the maximum SAR reducing effect for a cellular phone.

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24

Nazir, Sajid, Vladimir Stanković, Ivan Andonović, and Dejan Vukobratović. "Application Layer Systematic Network Coding for Sliced H.264/AVC Video Streaming." Advances in Multimedia 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/916715.

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Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) with rateless codes can be applied to protect the video data over lossy channels. Expanding Window Random Linear Codes (EW RLCs) are a flexible unequal error protection fountain coding scheme which can provide prioritized data transmission. In this paper, we propose a system that exploits systematic EW RLC for H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) slice-partitioned data. The system prioritizes slices based on their PSNR contribution to reconstruction as well as temporal significance. Simulation results demonstrate usefulness of using relative slice priority with systematic codes for multimedia broadcast applications.

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25

Casper, David A., and K. ‐J Samuel Kung. "Simulation of ground‐penetrating radar waves in a 2-D soil model." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 4 (July 1996): 1034–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444025.

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We have developed a pseudospectral forward modeling algorithm for ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) based on an explicit solution of the 2-D lossy electromagnetic wave equation. Complex soil structures can be accommodated with heterogeneous spatial distributions of both wave velocity and electrical conductivity. This algorithm uses a Gaussian line source with uniform directivity, and there are conductive buffer regions surrounding the soil model to approximate absorbing boundary conditions. Three soil models are used to illustrate different aspects of radar wave propagation. The first model is lossless with homogeneous layers imbedded in a homogeneous background medium, the second model has the same lossless layers in a lossy background medium, and the third model is lossless and uses a nonsaturated water flow simulation to create a complex spatial velocity distribution. Two separate simulations with different source frequencies are presented for each soil model. Results indicate that higher frequency GPR will produce a sharper wavelet and can map soil layering structures with high resolution. In a conductive soil, however, higher frequencies attenuate more rapidly and the radar may not detect deeper layers.

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26

Boehm, Christian, Mauricio Hanzich, Josep de la Puente, and Andreas Fichtner. "Wavefield compression for adjoint methods in full-waveform inversion." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 6 (November 2016): R385—R397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0653.1.

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Adjoint methods are a key ingredient of gradient-based full-waveform inversion schemes. While being conceptually elegant, they face the challenge of massive memory requirements caused by the opposite time directions of forward and adjoint simulations and the necessity to access both wavefields simultaneously for the computation of the sensitivity kernel. To overcome this bottleneck, we have developed lossy compression techniques that significantly reduce the memory requirements with only a small computational overhead. Our approach is tailored to adjoint methods and uses the fact that the computation of a sufficiently accurate sensitivity kernel does not require the fully resolved forward wavefield. The collection of methods comprises reinterpolation with a coarse temporal grid as well as adaptively chosen polynomial degree and floating-point precision to represent spatial snapshots of the forward wavefield on hierarchical grids. Furthermore, the first arrivals of adjoint waves are used to identify “shadow zones” that do not contribute to the sensitivity kernel. Numerical experiments show the high potential of this approach achieving an effective compression factor of three orders of magnitude with only a minor reduction in the rate of convergence. Moreover, it is computationally cheap and straightforward to integrate in finite-element wave propagation codes with possible extensions to finite-difference methods.

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27

Cao, Yanan, and Muqing Wu. "A Novel RPL Algorithm Based on Chaotic Genetic Algorithm." Sensors 18, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113647.

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RPL (routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks) is an important candidate routing algorithm for low-power and lossy network (LLN) scenarios. To solve the problems of using a single routing metric or no clearly weighting distribution theory of additive composition routing metric in existing RPL algorithms, this paper creates a novel RPL algorithm according to a chaotic genetic algorithm (RPL-CGA). First of all, we propose a composition metric which simultaneously evaluates packet queue length in a buffer, end-to-end delay, residual energy ratio of node, number of hops, and expected transmission count (ETX). Meanwhile, we propose using a chaotic genetic algorithm to determine the weighting distribution of every routing metric in the composition metric to fully evaluate candidate parents (neighbors). Then, according to the evaluation results of candidate parents, we put forward a new holistic objective function and a new method for calculating the rank values of nodes which are used to select the optimized node as the preferred parent (the next hop). Finally, theoretical analysis and a series of experimental consequences indicate that RPL-CGA is significantly superior to the typical existing relevant routing algorithms in the aspect of average end-to-end delay, average success rate, etc.

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28

Qu, Yingming, and Jinli Li. "Q-compensated reverse time migration in viscoacoustic media including surface topography." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): S201—S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0313.1.

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Conventional reverse time migration (RTM) may not produce high-quality images in areas with attenuation and severe topography because severe topographic surfaces have a great impact on seismic wave simulation, resulting in strong scattering and diffraction waves, and anelastic properties of the earth affect the kinematics and dynamics of seismic wave propagation. To overcome these problems, we have developed a [Formula: see text]-compensated topographic RTM method. In this method, a new viscoacoustic quasidifferential equation is introduced to simulate forward- and backward-propagated wavefields. The viscoacoustic equation has a lossy term and a dispersion term without memory variables, and it is solved by a hybrid spatial partial derivative scheme. A new stabilization operator is derived and substituted into the [Formula: see text]-compensated viscoacoustic quasidifferential equation to suppress high-frequency noise during the attenuated wavefield compensation. Numerical tests on a sag attenuating topographic model and an attenuating topographic Marmousi2 model demonstrate that our [Formula: see text]-compensated topographic RTM can produce accurate and high-quality images by correcting the anelastic amplitude loss and phase-dispersion effects. Finally, our method is tested on a field data set.

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29

Kliuchenia, V. V. "Design of a discrete сosine transformation processor for image compression systems on a losless-to-lossy circuit." Doklady BGUIR 19, no. 3 (June 2, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2021-19-3-5-13.

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Today, mobile multimedia systems that use the H.261 / 3/4/5, MPEG-1/2/4 and JPEG standards for encoding / decoding video, audio and images are widely spread [1–4]. The core of these standards is the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of I, II, III ... VIII types [DCT]. Wide support in a huge number of multimedia applications of the JPEG format by circuitry and software solutions and the need for image coding according to the L2L scheme determines the relevance of the problem of creating a decorrelated transformation based on DCT and methods for rapid prototyping of processors for computing an integer DCT on programmable systems on a FPGA chip. At the same time, such characteristics as structural regularity, modularity, high computational parallelism, low latency and power consumption are taken into account. Direct and inverse transformation should be carried out according to the “whole-to-whole” processing scheme with preservation of the perfective reconstruction of the original image (the coefficients are represented by integer or binary rational numbers; the number of multiplication operations is minimal, if possible, they are excluded from the algorithm). The wellknown integer DCTs (BinDCT, IntDCT) do not give a complete reversible bit to bit conversion. To encode an image according to the L2L scheme, the decorrelated transform must be reversible and implemented in integer arithmetic, i. e. the conversion would follow an “integer-to-integer” processing scheme with a minimum number of rounding operations affecting the compactness of energy in equivalent conversion subbands. This article shows how, on the basis of integer forward and inverse DCTs, to create a new universal architecture of decorrelated transform on FPGAs for transformational image coding systems that operate on the principle of “lossless-to-lossy” (L2L), and to obtain the best experimental results for objective and subjective performance compared to comparable compression systems.

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30

Francis Lin, Betene Anyugu. "Throughput Maximization for full-duplex two-way relay with finite buffers." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp854-862.

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<div>Optimal queueing control of multi-hop networks remains a challenging problem, e</div><div>specially in two-way relaying systems, even in the most straightforward scenarios.</div><div>In this paper, we explore two-way relaying having a full-duplex decode-and-forward</div><div>relay with two fifinite buffers. Principally, we propose a novel concept based on the</div><div>multi-agent reinforcement learning (that maximizes the cumulative network through</div><div>put) based on the combination of the buffer states and the lossy links; a decision is</div><div>generated as to whether it can transmit, receive or even simultaneously receive and</div><div>transmit information. Towards this objective, chieflfly, based on the queue state transi</div><div>tion and the lossy links, an analytic Markov decision process is proposed to analyze</div><div>this scheme, and the throughput and queueing delay are derived. Our numerical results</div><div>reveal exciting insights. First, artifificial intelligence based on reinforcement learning</div><div>is optimal when the length of the buffer is superior to a certain threshold. Second, we</div><div>demonstrate that reinforcement learning can boost transmission effificiency and prevent</div><div>buffer overflflow.</div>

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31

Sobral, Jose V. V., Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Neeraj Kumar, Chunsheng Zhu, and Raja W. Ahmad. "Performance Evaluation of Routing Metrics in the LOADng Routing Protocol." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v13i2.376.

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LOADng (Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol - Next Generation) is an emerging routing protocol that emerged as an alternative to RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks). Although some work has been dedicated to study LOADng, these works do not analyze the performance of this protocol with different routing metrics. A routing metric is responsible for defining values for paths during the route creation process. Moreover, based on these metrics information a routing protocol will select the path to forward a message. Thus, this work aims to realize a performance assessment study considering different routing metrics applied to LOADng. The scenarios under study consider different traffic patterns and network sizes. The routing metrics are evaluated considering the packet delivery ratio, average energy spent per bit delivered, average latency, and number of hops. The results reveals that routing metrics used by this protocol may influence (directly) the network performance.

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32

Airehrour, David, Jairo Guttierrez, and Sayan Kumar Ray. "A Trust-based Defence Scheme for Mitigating Blackhole and Selective Forwarding Attacks in the RPL Routing Protocol." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v6n1.138.

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The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) has gained prominence as the standard IoT routing protocol. However, it faces like many other routing protocols diverse attacks. Many studies have been proposed to secure the RPL protocol, and simulation studies have been put forward as the main research method, while testbed experiments, though an authentic research and testing method, have been ignored. Although testbed experiments and simulation studies have their strengths and limitations, testbed techniques could be used as a verifiable validation method for simulation studies. This study is a follow up research work to validate our simulation study, which addressed Blackhole attacks in the RPL routing protocol. In addition, Selective Forwarding attacks are also addressed. It implements a testbed while embedding our Trust-based RPL protocol and the standard RPL protocol in a smart environment configuration. Based on the test experiments, we provide a proof-of-concept of the validity of our claim that our Trust-based RPL protocol provides a comprehensive defence (simulation and testbed) against Blackhole and Selective Forwarding attacks.

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33

Airehrour, David, Jairo Guttierrez, and Sayan Kumar Ray. "A Trust-based Defence Scheme for Mitigating Blackhole and Selective Forwarding Attacks in the RPL Routing Protocol." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v6n1.138.

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The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) has gained prominence as the standard IoT routing protocol. However, it faces like many other routing protocols diverse attacks. Many studies have been proposed to secure the RPL protocol, and simulation studies have been put forward as the main research method, while testbed experiments, though an authentic research and testing method, have been ignored. Although testbed experiments and simulation studies have their strengths and limitations, testbed techniques could be used as a verifiable validation method for simulation studies. This study is a follow up research work to validate our simulation study, which addressed Blackhole attacks in the RPL routing protocol. In addition, Selective Forwarding attacks are also addressed. It implements a testbed while embedding our Trust-based RPL protocol and the standard RPL protocol in a smart environment configuration. Based on the test experiments, we provide a proof-of-concept of the validity of our claim that our Trust-based RPL protocol provides a comprehensive defence (simulation and testbed) against Blackhole and Selective Forwarding attacks.

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34

Madenda, S., and A. Darmayantie. "Adaptive color space model based on dominant colors for image and video compression performance improvement." Computer Optics 45, no. 3 (June 2021): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-780.

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This paper describes the use of some color spaces in JPEG image compression algorithm and their impact in terms of image quality and compression ratio, and then proposes adaptive color space models (ACSM) to improve the performance of lossy image compression algorithm. The proposed ACSM consists of, dominant color analysis algorithm and YCoCg color space family. The YCoCg color space family is composed of three color spaces, which are YCcCr, YCpCg and YCyCb. The dominant colors analysis algorithm is developed which enables to automatically select one of the three color space models based on the suitability of the dominant colors contained in an image. The experimental results using sixty test images, which have varying colors, shapes and textures, show that the proposed adaptive color space model provides improved performance of 3 % to 10 % better than YCbCr, YDbDr, YCoCg and YCgCo-R color spaces family. In addition, the YCoCg color space family is a discrete transformation so its digital electronic implementation requires only two adders and two subtractors, both for forward and inverse conversions.

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35

Marcelo, Alvin, Paul Fontelo, Miguel Farolan, and Hernani Cualing. "Effect of Image Compression on Telepathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 1653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-1653-eoicot.

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Abstract Context.—For practitioners deploying store-and-forward telepathology systems, optimization methods such as image compression need to be studied. Objective.—To determine if Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPG or JPEG) compression, a lossy image compression algorithm, negatively affects the accuracy of diagnosis in telepathology. Design.—Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Setting.—University-based pathology departments. Participants.—Resident and staff pathologists at the University of Illinois, Chicago, and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. Intervention.—Compression of raw images using the JPEG algorithm. Main Outcome Measures.—Image acceptability, accuracy of diagnosis, confidence level of pathologist, image quality. Results.—There was no statistically significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy between noncompressed (bit map) and compressed (JPG) images. There were also no differences in the acceptability, confidence level, and perception of image quality. Additionally, rater experience did not significantly correlate with degree of accuracy. Conclusions.—For providers practicing telepathology, JPG image compression does not negatively affect the accuracy and confidence level of diagnosis. The acceptability and quality of images were also not affected.

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Mitchel, Christopher, Baraq Ghaleb, Safwan M. Ghaleb, Zakwan Jaroucheh, and Bander Ali Saleh Al-rimy. "The Impact of Mobile DIS and Rank-Decreased Attacks in Internet of Things Networks." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b1962.1210220.

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With a predicted 50 billion devices by the end of 2020, the Internet of things has grown exponentially in the last few years. This growth has seen an increasing demand for mobility support in low power and lossy sensor networks, a type of network characterized by several limitations in terms of their resources including CPU, memory and batter, causing manufactures to push products out to the market faster, without the necessary security features. IoT networks rely on the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network (RPL) for communication, designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). This protocol has been proven to be efficient in relation to the handling of routing in such constrained networks, However, research studies revealed that RPL was inherently designed for static networks, indicating poor handling of mobile or dynamic topologies which is worsen when introducing mobile attacker. In this paper, two IoT routing attacks are evaluated under a mobile attacker with the aim of providing a critical evaluation of the impact the attacks have on the network in comparison to the case with static attacker. The first attack is the Rank attack in which the attacker announces false routing information to its neighbour attracting them to forward their data via the attacker. The second attack is the DIS attack in which the attacker floods the network with DIS messages triggering them to reset their transmission timers and sending messages more frequently. The comparison were conducted in terms of average power consumption and also the packet delivery ratio (PDR). Based on the results collected from the simulations, it was established that when an attacking node is mobile, there’s an average increase of 36.6 in power consumption and a decrease of 14 for packet delivery ratios when compared to a static attacking node.

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LIÑARES, JESÚS, DAVID BARRAL, and MARÍA C. NISTAL. "SPATIAL PROPAGATION OF QUANTUM LIGHT IN NONLINEAR WAVEGUIDING DEVICES: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 21, no. 03 (September 2012): 1250032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863512500324.

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We present the main theoretical results on spatial propagation of quantum light in nonlinear waveguiding devices together with a few applications. We show that the quantization of the classical momentum provides a consistent quantum mechanical formulation of both the linear and the nonlinear quantum light propagation in waveguiding devices. The momentum operator allows us to derive the correct spatial Heisenberg's equations for the forward and backward absorption and emission operators and consequently to analyze the spatial propagation in the multimode optical-field strength space. For that purpose we use the Feynman's path integral method in order to derive the quantum spatial optical propagators of different nonlinear waveguiding devices and accordingly to calculate the spatial propagation of the optical-field strength probability amplitude of quantum states in these nonlinear devices. Likewise, we present a preliminary and heuristic formulation of quantum dissipation in order to take into account the losses under spatial quantum propagation in lossy nonlinear waveguiding devices. It must be stressed that these optical-field strength probabilities have the advantage of being measured by homodyne techniques and therefore their theoretical analysis is of a remarkable interest in the optical characterization of quantum states obtained under linear and nonlinear propagation in waveguiding devices.

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Liu, Shanyun, Rui She, Zheqi Zhu, and Pingyi Fan. "Storage Space Allocation Strategy for Digital Data with Message Importance." Entropy 22, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22050591.

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This paper mainly focuses on the problem of lossy compression storage based on the data value that represents the subjective assessment of users when the storage size is still not enough after the conventional lossless data compression. To this end, we transform this problem to an optimization, which pursues the least importance-weighted reconstruction error in data reconstruction within limited total storage size, where the importance is adopted to characterize the data value from the viewpoint of users. Based on it, this paper puts forward an optimal allocation strategy in the storage of digital data by the exponential distortion measurement, which can make rational use of all the storage space. In fact, the theoretical results show that it is a kind of restrictive water-filling. It also characterizes the trade-off between the relative weighted reconstruction error and the available storage size. Consequently, if a relatively small part of total data value is allowed to lose, this strategy will improve the performance of data compression. Furthermore, this paper also presents that both the users’ preferences and the special characteristics of data distribution can trigger the small-probability event scenarios where only a fraction of data can cover the vast majority of users’ interests. Whether it is for one of the reasons above, the data with highly clustered message importance is beneficial to compression storage. In contrast, from the perspective of optimal storage space allocation based on data value, the data with a uniform information distribution is incompressible, which is consistent with that in the information theory.

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Duncan, M. M., J. L. Hopkins, and M. G. Menendez. "Electron loss in the forward direction." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 10-11 (May 1985): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(85)90207-1.

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Ganesh, N. "Performance Evaluation of Depth Adjustment and Void Aware Pressure Routing (DA-VAPR) Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks." Computer Journal 63, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxz093.

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Abstract Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has gained its popularity as a powerful technology for monitoring oceans, sea and river. The sensor node drifting along with ocean current offers 4D (space and time) monitoring for real-time underwater application. However, the main challenge arises from the underwater acoustic communication that results in high propagation delay, packet loss and overhead in the network. In order to overcome these issues, a depth adjustment and void aware pressure routing protocol is proposed for UWSN. A greedy forwarding strategy is used to forward the packet. In case a node fails to forward the packet using greedy forwarding strategy, then it immediately switches to the recovery mode. In the recovery mode, the node determines the new depth using particle swarm optimization technique. The global best value gives the new depth with minimum displacement. The void node forwards the packet with minimum displacement without any packet loss and delay.

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McConnell, Steven O. "Backscattering and forward loss from near‐surface bubbles." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, S1 (November 1988): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025724.

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42

Ichikawa, Toshikazu, Koichi Asatani, and Hideyoshi Tominaga. "Loss-resilient layered multicast using forward error correction." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 87, no. 5 (2004): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.10156.

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43

Dchieche, Amina. "Pricing of Participating Forward Contract." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2020): 091. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2020.082-03.

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The purpose of this work is to model a participating forward contract permitting to avoid unlimited risk and unknown loss using a formula of risk sharing that includes the payment of an additional amount under specific price variations. This contract offers a new tool that Islamic finance can use since this finance is suspicious of classical forward contracts. The modeling is based on the classical forward equation, which incorporates the profit and loss sharing principle derived from Islamic finance. The participating forward is tested on oil data prices to compare the participating forward contract to the classical one. The participating forward offers a better possibility of profit to the seller and the buyer because of the PLS mechanism which reduces the risk for both parties. The main implication of this modeling is that the participating forward can provide some investors and Islamic banks with an alternative to conventional forward contracts.

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Krajam, Kumkrong, and Sakorn Po-Ngam. "The Double Forward Converter with Synchronous Rectification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.431.

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In many switching power supply converters, diode rectifiers are used to obtain the DC output voltage. The conduction loss of these diodes rectifier contributes significantly to the overall power loss, especially for low-voltage, high-current converter applications. The conduction loss of rectifying diode is given by the product of its forward-voltage drop and forward conduction current. By replacing the diode rectifiers with a MOSFET operating as a synchronous rectifier (SR), the equivalent forward-voltage drop can be lowered and, consequently, the conduction loss can be reduced because the switching power supply converter need high efficiency. The double forward converter with synchronous rectification is proposed in this paper. The circuit’s guidelines of the double forward controller in the double forward converter and the synchronous rectifier controller in the synchronous rectification are also presented. Validity of the proposed double forward converter with synchronous is confirmed by simulations.

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Raguvaran, M. J., Sivaraos, M. A. Amran, T. Joseph Sahaya Anand, Qumrul, Raja Izamshah, and A. S. Dahlan. "Way Forward to Halt Pressure Loss in Automotive Tyres." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.510.

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Tyre is one of the most crucial components in a vehicle structure not only to have the vehicle running smoothly on the road, but also to provide physical and acoustic comfort for the passengers. But, since the day the inflatable tyres were invented, sudden loss of air in a tyre acts as a major problem associated with tyres; and are still being treated to date by professional researchers and giant tyre manufacturers. The phenomena where tyre experiences natural pressure loss over the time is called air permeation which causes tyre to deflate on its own. Besides reviewing the primary theories and findings that contribute to natural air permeation that literally causes the pressure drop of an automotive tyre, this paper also reveals the experimentally validated results of the significant factor which contributes to air permeation of an automotive tyre. Additionally, a relevant nanobased solution to reduce the air permeation rate to stop the tyre deflation is also highlighted to establish the way forward total solution suiting wide range of tyres used on domestic cars.

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Strawa, Anthony W., Gary Latshaw, Stanley Farkas, Philip Russell, and Steven Zornetzer. "Arctic Ice Loss Threatens National Security: A Path Forward." Orbis 64, no. 4 (2020): 622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2020.08.010.

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Cachon, G. P., and C. F. Camerer. "Loss-Avoidance and Forward Induction in Experimental Coordination Games." Quarterly Journal of Economics 111, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2946661.

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François, Pascal. "Tax loss carry-forwards and optimal leverage." Applied Financial Economics 16, no. 14 (October 2006): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603100500426549.

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Lutchmiah, Kerusha, Jan W. Post, Luuk C. Rietveld, and Emile R. Cornelissen. "EDTA: a synthetic draw solute for forward osmosis." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 10 (October 24, 2014): 1677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.424.

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The draw solution is the driving force of the forward osmosis (FO) process; however, the solute loss of the draw solute to the feed side is a general, financial limitation for most applications. The anthropogenic amino acid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was investigated as a draw solution for FO. At concentrations of approximately 1.0 osmol/kg, EDTA demonstrated comparable water fluxes (Jv = 5.29 L/m2 h) to the commonly used salt, NaCl (Jv = 4.86 L/m2 h), and both produced better water fluxes than glucose (Jv = 3.46 L/m2 h). EDTA showed the lowest solute loss with Js (reverse solute loss or solute leakage) = 0.54 g/m2 h. The molecular weight, degree of ionisation and charge of EDTA played a major role in this efficiency and EDTA was therefore well rejected by the membrane, showing a low Js/Jv ratio of 0.10 g/L. Owing to the low solute loss of EDTA and its resistance to biodegradation, this compound has the potential to be used as a draw solute for FO during long periods without requiring much replenishment.

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Gao, Zhengyuan, and Christian M. Hafner. "Looking Backward and Looking Forward." Econometrics 7, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7020027.

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Filtering has had a profound impact as a device of perceiving information and deriving agent expectations in dynamic economic models. For an abstract economic system, this paper shows that the foundation of applying the filtering method corresponds to the existence of a conditional expectation as an equilibrium process. Agent-based rational behavior of looking backward and looking forward is generalized to a conditional expectation process where the economic system is approximated by a class of models, which can be represented and estimated without information loss. The proposed framework elucidates the range of applications of a general filtering device and is not limited to a particular model class such as rational expectations.

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