Academic literature on the topic 'Lost limb function'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lost limb function"
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Zhang, Peng, Qi Xu, and Ji Ping He. "Review and Perspective: Sensory Feedback in Upper Limb Prosthesis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.261.
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An emerging challenge in developing intelligent prostheses is to replicate or recreate the sensory functions of natural limbs for amputees. Such functions mainly include tactile sensation and proprioception. This paper reviews the tactile receptors and proprioceptors in human upper limb, the artificial sensors in upper limb prosthesis, and the sensory feedback technology used for reconstruction of lost sensory function in the amputee’s upper limb.
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Pechmann, Matthias, Evelyn E. Schwager, Natascha Turetzek, and Nikola-Michael Prpic. "Regressive evolution of the arthropod tritocerebral segment linked to functional divergence of the Hox gene labial." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1162.
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The intercalary segment is a limbless version of the tritocerebral segment and is present in the head of all insects, whereas other extant arthropods have retained limbs on their tritocerebral segment (e.g. the pedipalp limbs in spiders). The evolutionary origin of limb loss on the intercalary segment has puzzled zoologists for over a century. Here we show that an intercalary segment-like phenotype can be created in spiders by interfering with the function of the Hox gene labial . This links the origin of the intercalary segment to a functional change in labial . We show that in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum the labial gene has two functions: one function in head tissue maintenance that is conserved between spiders and insects, and a second function in pedipalp limb promotion and specification, which is only present in spiders. These results imply that labial was originally crucial for limb formation on the tritocerebral segment, but that it has lost this particular subfunction in the insect ancestor, resulting in limb loss on the intercalary segment. Such loss of a subfunction is a way to avoid adverse pleiotropic effects normally associated with mutations in developmental genes, and may thus be a common mechanism to accelerate regressive evolution.
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Scalha, Thais Botossi, Erica Miyasaki, Núbia Maria Freire Vieira Lima, and Guilherme Borges. "Correlations between motor and sensory functions in upper limb chronic hemiparetics after stroke." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, no. 4 (August 2011): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000500010.
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OBJECTIVE: Describe the somatosensory function of the affected upper limb of hemiparetic stroke patients and investigate the correlations between measurements of motor and sensory functions in tasks with and without visual deprivation. METHOD: We applied the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA), and several motor and sensory tests: Paper manipulation (PM), Motor Sequences (MS), Reaching and grasping (RG) Tests Functional (TF), Tactile Discrimination (TD), Weight Discrimination (WD) and Tactile Recognition of Objects (RO). RESULTS: We found moderate correlations between the FMA motor subscale and the tactile sensation score of the NSA. Additionally, the FMA sensitivity was correlated with the NSA total; and performance on the WD test items correlated with the NSA. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between the sensory and motor functions of the upper limb in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. Additionally, there was a greater reliance on visual information to compensate for lost sensory-motor skills.
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Lee, Gwo-Chin, David L. Colen, L. S. Levin, and Stephen J. Kovach. "Microvascular free flap coverage for salvage of the infected total knee arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 102-B, no. 6_Supple_A (June 2020): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.102b6.bjj-2019-1661.r1.
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Aims The integrity of the soft tissue envelope is crucial for successful treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of limb salvage, infection control, and clinical function following microvascular free flap coverage for salvage of the infected TKA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 23 microvascular free tissue transfers for management of soft tissue defects in infected TKA. There were 16 men and seven women with a mean age of 61.2 years (39 to 81). The median number of procedures performed prior to soft tissue coverage was five (2 to 9) and all patients had failed at least one two-stage reimplantation procedure. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Knee Society Scoring system for pain and function. Results In all, one patient was lost to follow-up prior to 12 months. The remaining 22 patients were followed for a mean of 46 months (12 to 92). At latest follow-up, four patients (18%) had undergone amputation for failure of treatment and persistent infection. For the other 18 patients, 11 patients (50%) had maintained a knee prosthesis in place while seven patients had undergone resections for persistent infection but retained their limbs (32%). Reoperations were common following coverage and reimplantation. The median number of additional procedures was two (0 to 6). Clinical function was poor in patients who underwent reimplantation and retained a knee prosthesis following free flap coverage with a mean KSS score for pain and function of 44 (0 to 70) and 30 (0 to 65), respectively. All patients required an assistive device. Extensor mechanism problems and extensor lag requiring bracing were common following limb salvage and prosthesis reimplantation. Conclusion Microvascular tissue transfer for management of infected TKA can be successful in limb salvage (82%) but clinical outcomes in salvaged limbs were poor. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6 Supple A):176–180.
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Broderick, Barry, Paul Breen, and Gearóid Ólaighin. "Electronic stimulators for surface neural prosthesis." Journal of Automatic Control 18, no. 2 (2008): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac0802025b.
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This paper presents the technological advancements in neural prosthesis devices using Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). FES refers to the restoration of motor functions lost due to spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, head injury, or diseases such as Cerebral Palsy or Multiple Sclerosis by eliciting muscular contractions through the use of a neuromuscular electrical stimulator device. The field has developed considerably since its inception, with the miniaturisation of circuity, the development of programmable and adaptable stimulators and the enhancement of sensors used to trigger the application of stimulation to suit a variety of FES applications. This paper discusses general FES system design requirements in the context of existing commercial and research FES devices, focusing on surface stimulators for the upper and lower limbs. These devices have demonstrated feasible standing and stepping in a clinical setting with paraplegic patients, improvements in dropped foot syndrome with hemiplegic patients and aided in the restoration of grasping function in patients with upper limb motor dysfunction.
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Raju, V. "(P1-101) Salvage of Traumatized Extremities Restores Morale in Working Class of Society." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004341.
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IntroductionTo improve quality of life among subjects with crush injuries of extremities as an outcome of traumata of various aetiology by salvage procedures. To prevent or minimize psycho-social derangement or implications by minimizing partial or total loss of traumatized body parts and restore useful function.Material20 year study/observation in trauma of limbs, hands, feet, fingers, toes with partial to near total vascular compromise sustained in road traffic, industrial, domestic, suicidal, homicidal, war wounds, fire work blasts, etc. accidents.MethodPre-operative/follow-up counselling of every patient, attendants and employer are of utmost importance. Primary debridement, stabilization, skin cover and serial paraffin-gauge dressings are followed with straps/splints, passive/active range of movement exercises and delayed suture removal. Antibiotic cover with sequential cultures are mandatory.Facts / FiguresSepsis is a challenge. Males, youth, hands, Grade II wounds and RTAs dominate incidence. Contamination, delayed presentation, poor compliance and follow-up, poor nutritional status, anaemia, etc., dread salvage. Initial poor tissue perfusion is no indication for early decision to amputate/terminalize.ResultsCompromised vascular crushes in which primary closure was achieved, salvage of limb and appendages was surprisingly possible. Cosmesis in working class is never the priority, but restoration of function and more so the chance of livelihood are. Dexterity and confidence come with practice. Richer the patient, difficult to convince. Psycho-social depression is more with early amputations than in revisions and much less in salvaged groups, commoner in men and unmarried illiterate women. Women adapt better to salvaged parts.ConclusionEven a nail lost with its bed is lost for ever, leaving a painful defunct stump. No riches can truly compensate. If soft tissue cover on bony elements and neuro-vascular bundles is achievable, an entire limb may survive and regain near normal function. When crush wounds remain aseptic a decision to amputate can wait.
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Bagiński, K., D. Jasińska-Choromańska, and J. Wierciak. "Modelling and simulation of a system for verticalization and aiding the motion of individuals suffering from paresis of the lower limbs." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0099.
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Abstract There has been designed a device for verticalization and aiding the gait of individuals suffering from paresis of the lower limbs. It can be counted in the category of so-called “wearable robots”, whose task is to replace or aid human limbs. Dependently on the function realized, these robots are classified into one of the following three groups: a) exoskeletons - strengthening the force of human muscles beyond their natural abilities, b) orthotic robots - restoring lost or weakened functions of human limbs, c) prosthetic robots - replacing an amputated limb. A significant feature of the device that has been designed is the fact that it has not to replace human limbs, but only restore them to their lost motor capabilities. Thus, according to the presented classification, it is an orthotic robot. Unlike in the case of the existing systems for verticalization, the gait is to be realized in a way that is automatic to the highest possible extent, keeping the user involved as little as possible, and the device is to imitate the natural movements of man with the highest fidelity. Within the works on the system for verticalization and aiding the motion, a simulation model of the device was created. It includes a structure of the robot, a model of the actuators and a model of the human body that constitutes the load for the driving units. Then, simulation studies were carried out, including evaluation of the power demand of the device as well as the influence of the gait rate and of the length of the steps on the operation of the system.
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Sousounis, Konstantinos, Burcu Erdogan, Michael Levin, and Jessica L. Whited. "Precise control of ion channel and gap junction expression is required for patterning of the regenerating axolotl limb." International Journal of Developmental Biology 64, no. 10-11-12 (2020): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.200114jw.
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Axolotls and other salamanders have the capacity to regenerate lost tissue after an amputation or injury. Growth and morphogenesis are coordinated within cell groups in many contexts by the interplay of transcriptional networks and biophysical properties such as ion flows and voltage gradients. It is not, however, known whether regulators of a cell’s ionic state are involved in limb patterning at later stages of regeneration. Here we manipulated expression and activities of ion channels and gap junctions in vivo, in axolotl limb blastema cells. Limb amputations followed by retroviral infections were performed to drive expression of a human gap junction protein Connexin 26 (Cx26), potassium (Kir2.1-Y242F and Kv1.5) and sodium (NeoNav1.5) ion channel proteins along with EGFP control. Skeletal preparation revealed that overexpressing Cx26 caused syndactyly, while overexpression of ion channel proteins resulted in digit loss and structural abnormalities compared to EGFP expressing control limbs. Additionally, we showed that exposing limbs to the gap junction inhibitor lindane during the regeneration process caused digit loss. Our data reveal that manipulating native ion channel and gap junction function in blastema cells results in patterning defects involving the number and structure of the regenerated digits. Gap junctions and ion channels have been shown to mediate ion flows that control the endogenous voltage gradients which are tightly associated with the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, migration, and other cellular behaviors. Therefore, we postulate that mis-expression of these channels may have disturbed this regulation causing uncoordinated cell behavior which results in morphological defects.
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Bolotov, D. D. "Prevention of complications depending on the level of amputation (exarticulation) of the lower limb." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto202027126-30.
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In the mid-end of the last century, unification was carried out to select the level of limb trimming, based on the principle of achieving the maximum possible functionality in the stump-prosthesis system. Over time, due to the development of surgical techniques and the level of prosthetic and orthopedic products, previously developed schemes for choosing the level of amputation have lost their relevance. However, the most typical complications and the associated decrease in prosthetics functionality continue to occur in the current time period. The article provides an analysis of the possible variants of complications in relation to the level of limb truncation, options for their prevention and elimination, and how the general assessment of the effect on the stat-dynamic function of the stump length at various levels is presented.
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Parajuli, Nawadita, Neethu Sreenivasan, Paolo Bifulco, Mario Cesarelli, Sergio Savino, Vincenzo Niola, Daniele Esposito, et al. "Real-Time EMG Based Pattern Recognition Control for Hand Prostheses: A Review on Existing Methods, Challenges and Future Implementation." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 4596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204596.
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Upper limb amputation is a condition that significantly restricts the amputees from performing their daily activities. The myoelectric prosthesis, using signals from residual stump muscles, is aimed at restoring the function of such lost limbs seamlessly. Unfortunately, the acquisition and use of such myosignals are cumbersome and complicated. Furthermore, once acquired, it usually requires heavy computational power to turn it into a user control signal. Its transition to a practical prosthesis solution is still being challenged by various factors particularly those related to the fact that each amputee has different mobility, muscle contraction forces, limb positional variations and electrode placements. Thus, a solution that can adapt or otherwise tailor itself to each individual is required for maximum utility across amputees. Modified machine learning schemes for pattern recognition have the potential to significantly reduce the factors (movement of users and contraction of the muscle) affecting the traditional electromyography (EMG)-pattern recognition methods. Although recent developments of intelligent pattern recognition techniques could discriminate multiple degrees of freedom with high-level accuracy, their efficiency level was less accessible and revealed in real-world (amputee) applications. This review paper examined the suitability of upper limb prosthesis (ULP) inventions in the healthcare sector from their technical control perspective. More focus was given to the review of real-world applications and the use of pattern recognition control on amputees. We first reviewed the overall structure of pattern recognition schemes for myo-control prosthetic systems and then discussed their real-time use on amputee upper limbs. Finally, we concluded the paper with a discussion of the existing challenges and future research recommendations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lost limb function"
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Lison-Pick, Mandy. "Accepting a reduced self after acute trauma." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/201.
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Disability associated with loss of limb function following major/minor trauma is a life-changing phenomenon of global significance which poses a heavy burden on healthcare systems, communities and individuals. While there is a voluminous and growing body of knowledge on disabilities and chronic illness, little attention has been given to the short and long-term experiences of those living with loss of limb function and disability following acute major and minor trauma. The aim of this thesis is to develop a substantive theory that describes the phenomenon of living with disabilities resulting from a loss of limb function from acute minor or major trauma.Data were obtained from face-to-face interviews with 15 consenting participants aged between 18-45 years who had lost limb function from acute major/minor trauma all of whom were attending the Pain Management Centre of a major teaching hospital in Western Australia. Four clinical practitioners (who were classed as experts in their field) were also interviewed to clarify the practices the participants discussed so an all round picture could be given and analysed. Data analysis was conducted using the constant comparative technique of the Grounded Theory Method. The results indicate that the basic social problem was Loss of Self and developed from either a sudden or gradual loss of limb function as a result of acute trauma. This trauma had a biopsychosocial impact as the participant’s hospitalisations, surgical procedures, extended rehabilitation programs and resultant disability reduced the self.The basic social process experienced was recognised as Accepting a Reduced Self appearing in three stages: Floundering, Treading Water and Wading to Shore. However these stages were strongly influenced by various modifying conditions such as their persistent pain, the availability of a support crew, the type of trauma experienced and the length of time since injury. It was concluded that disabilities related to loss of limb function can occur following acute major or minor trauma. The impairment the participants experienced affected all aspects of their lives and that of their partners, family and friends as most of them continued to struggle with their disability, either biologically, psychologically or socially. The findings of this thesis point to the importance of more research into designing care and offering ongoing support services to provide long term care for this vulnerable, disabled population.
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Caronia, Giuliana. "A 147L substitution in the HOXD13 homeodomain causes a novel human limb malformation by producing a selective loss of function." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275109.
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Pfeiffenberger, Janne Akseli. "Biomechanical control mechanisms and morphology for locomotion in challenging scenarios." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/476333.
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BiologyPh.D.
Everyday ecologically relevant tasks that affect organismal fitness, such as foraging, reproduction, predator avoidance, and escape responses, rely upon successful locomotion. The effectiveness of animal locomotion depends on many underlying factors, such as the morphology of the locomotor limbs, which evolved to fulfill specific locomotor tasks. Besides morphology, the material properties of the limbs also play a crucial role in locomotion. The skeletal structures of locomotor limbs must be able to withstand the repeated stresses that come with locomotion, either on land or underwater, as they use their limbs to generate propulsive forces. The natural environment animals move in is complex and dynamic, as various conditions crucial to locomotor performance can change unexpectedly. Perturbations to locomotor stability can take different forms, such as elevation changes, obstacles, substrate changes, and slipping. To maintain stable locomotor performance in these environments, animals rely on locomotor control mechanisms to counteract destabilizing effects of locomotor perturbations. In this Dissertation, I investigated the biomechanical control mechanisms and morphological adaptations during locomotion in challenging locomotor scenarios. Over the course of three chapters, the goals were to: 1) explore the effects of limb loss on a side-ways running sprint specialist, the Atlantic ghost crab, 2) determine the response and control mechanisms that allow ghost crabs overcome slip perturbations, and 3) to describe the pelvic morphology of bottom-walking Antarctic plunderfish and compare the pelvic morphologies among multiple species of nothenioids that do not bottom-walk. This study demonstrates the robustness of Atlantic ghost crabs to limb loss and slip perturbations. Paired limb removals resulted in a pattern of kinematic adjustments, which reduced locomotor performance by up to 25%, which was dependent on specific limbs being lost. I suggest that these limbs serve more important limb functions that can’t be replaced by the remaining limbs, however the loss of these particular limbs also results in re-patterning of limb relationships, which may reveal a neural component that may be the cause of decreased locomotor performance. Slip perturbations on the other hand were found to not have any significant effects on the locomotor performance of ghost crabs. Kinematics remained constant as ghost crabs traversed the slip surface, suggesting that ghost crabs may rely on feedforward control to overcome slip perturbations, however further studies measuring neural activity are required to confirm our finding. Most importantly though this chapter demonstrates and corroborates the role of momentum and how it allows animals to overcome perturbations. The last chapter investigated the pelvic morphology and material properties of fin rays in bottom walking fish. The Antarctic plunderfish was found to possess high flexural stiffness in its pelvic fin rays, which likely facilitate the bottom walking behavior in this species. Other, non-bottom walking notothenioids did not have fin rays of similar stiffness. Pelvic plate morphology was not different between species, however there were stark differences in mineralization. The bottom-walking fish had higher bone mineral density compared to the other species analyzed in this chapter. I also found mineralization patterns which seem to align with muscle fiber alignment of the major pelvic muscles, suggesting that these regionalized increases in stiffness provide stability while allowing for a lightweight pelvic plate.
Temple University--Theses
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Cuberovic, Ivana. "Understanding factors affecting perception and utilization of artificial sensory location." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1574075500769757.
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Баран, Михайло Зеновійович, and Myhajlo Baran. "Розробка автоматизованої системи контролю енергоспожи¬вання промислового підприємства." Master's thesis, ТНТУ імені Івана Пулюя, 2019. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/29561.
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Дипломна робота присвячена проектуванню автоматизованої системи моніто¬рингу споживання електроенергії на ПС ГПП «Тернопільсь¬кого заводу залізобетонних виробів і будівельних конструк¬цій».
В роботі розглянуто шляхи зменшення витрат електроенергії та її вартості, проаналізовано заходи щодо забезпечення точності, оперативності та достовір¬ності вимірювальної інформації, запропонована методика проведення моніто¬рингу та контролю технологічних параметрів режимів електроспо¬живання. З цією метою розроблено технічні рішення щодо модернізації існуючої системи електроспо¬живання та запропоновано принцип побудови автоматизованої системи моніторингу споживання електроенергії, спроектовано систему електроживлення і захисту устаткування побудованої системи. В Спеціальній частині дипломної роботи приведено характеристику програмного забезпечення і функціональну структуру автоматизованої системи моніторингу споживання електроенергії.In the diploma paper the results to the design of an automated system for monitoring electricity consumption at the substation of the main lowering substation of the enterprise of the Ternopil plant of reinforced concrete products and building structures. The ways of reducing electricity costs and its cost are considered in the paper, the measures for ensuring the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of measurement information are analyzed, the method of monitoring and control of technological parameters of power consumption modes is proposed. To this end technical solutions for the modernization of the existing power consumption system were developed and the principle of building an automated system for monitoring electricity consumption was proposed, the system of power supply and protection of the equipment of the constructed system was designed. The Special part of the diploma paper presents the characteristics of the software and the functional structure of the automated system for monitoring electricity consumption.
ПЕРЕЛІК УМОВНИХ СКОРОЧЕНЬ ...............................................................…7 ВСТУП .................................................................................................................…8 1 АНАЛІТИЧНА ЧАСТИНА ...............................................................................13 1.1 Сучасні автоматизовані системи контролю та обліку енергоресурсів......13 1.2 Зарубіжний досвід впровадження АСКОЕ...................................................20 1.3 Впровадження АСКОЕ в Україні ..................................................................25 2 НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНА ЧАСТИНА................................................................36 2.1 Аналіз останніх досліджень та публікацій ...................................................36 2.2 Шляхи зменшення витрат електроенергії та її вартості..............................37 2.3 Забезпечення точності, оперативності та достовірності вимірювальної інформації ........................................................................................................41 2.4 Моніторинг та контроль технологічних параметрів режимів електроспоживання ............................................................................................................43 2.5 Висновки до розділу .......................................................................................46 3 ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНА ЧАСТИНА ..........................................................................47 3.1 Загальна характеристика досліджуваного підприємства ............................47 3.2 Аналіз системи електропостачання...............................................................50 3.3 Аналіз поточного стану системи обліку та постановка задачі...................52 3.4 Висновки до розділу .......................................................................................54 4 ПРОЕКТНО-КОНСТРУКТОРСЬКА ЧАСТИНА ...........................................55 4.1 Аналітичний огляд в області обліку електроенергії....................................55 4.2 Технічні рішення щодо модернізації існуючої системи .............................57 4.3 Принцип будови АСМСЕ...............................................................................58 4.4 Висновки до розділу .......................................................................................63 5 СПЕЦІАЛЬНА ЧАСТИНА................................................................................64 5.1 Технічне обладнання АСМCЕ .......................................................................64 5.2 Електроживлення і захист устаткування АСМСЕ.......................................71 6 5.3 Характеристика програмного забезпечення.................................................75 5.4 Функціональна структура АСМСЕ ...............................................................79 5.5 Висновки до розділу .......................................................................................82 6 ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ..............................83 6.1 Техніко-економічне обґрунтування впровадження АСМCЕ..............................83 6.2 Можлива економія від впровадження проектованої системи автоматизації ...................................................................................................................85 6.3 Показники ефективності проекту..................................................................87 7 ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ .....89 7.1 Заходи щодо забезпечення охорони праці при експлуатації АСМСЕ ...........................................................................................................................89 7.2 Аналіз умов праці обслуговуючого персоналу......................................90 7.3 Заходи безпеки під час монтажу електрообладнання та апаратури обліку і вимірювання ..................................................................................................90 7.4 Забезпечення робочого місця оператора .................................................92 7.5 Розрахунок комплекту запасних частин, інструментів, приладів..............94 8 ЕКОЛОГІЯ..........................................................................................................96 8.1 Методи регенерації трансформаторної оливи..............................................96 8.2 Методи визначення якості та обсягу забруднень ........................................98 8.3 Заходи щодо захисту від дії електромагнітного поля ...............................100 ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВИСНОВКИ ДО ДИПЛОМНОЇ РОБОТИ ...................................101 ПЕРЕЛІК ПОСИЛАНЬ .......................................................................................102
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Rivera, Arévalo Helen Francesca. "La influencia del marketing político en la intención de voto del elector joven entre 18 y 25 años de los NSE B-C pertenecientes a la ciudad de Lima, en relación a la presidencia del Perú, año 2016." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/627721.
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El objetivo general de la investigación es conocer si las estrategias del marketing político funcional de promoción y producto que se utilizaron para las elecciones presidenciales del Perú en el año 2016, tuvieron influencia en la preferencia de los electores entre 18 y 25 años de los NSE B-C en relación a los programas que utilizaron los cinco primeros candidatos políticos.
Continuando con la misma línea los objetivos específicos de la investigación se centran en identificar si el uso de los medios tradicionales, redes sociales, imagen del candidato, atractividad y carisma del político inciden en la preferencia de los electores jóvenes antes mencionados.
La investigación desarrolla las variables funcionales propias del marketing en un contexto político, resaltando los elementos de promoción y producto. Una vez analizado estas variables y su relación con el marketing político se procede al diseño de instrumentos que comprueben si existe vínculo con la decisión de voto del segmento. De esta forma se empieza a ejecutar herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas que esclarezcan los objetivos e hipótesis.
Entre las conclusiones centrales de la tesis resalta la fácil adaptación de las estrategias funcionales propias del marketing empresarial en el ámbito político. Ya que el producto puede ser graficado por el candidato, la marca representa al nombre del partido político y la promoción se apoya en la teoría comunicativa.
Finalmente con respecto a los cinco candidatos se concluye que todos ellos cuentan con ideologías, posturas y propuestas diferentes lo que proporcionó diversas opiniones en el segmento objeto de estudio.The general objective of the research is to know if the strategies of political marketing linked with promotion and product that will be used for the presidential elections of Peru in 2016, had an influence on the preference of voters between 18 and 25 years of the NSE BC in relation to the programs used by the first five political candidates. Continuing along the same lines, the specific objectives of the research focus on identifying whether the use of traditional media, social networks, candidate image, attractiveness and charisma of the politician affect the preference of the young voters identified above. The research develops the functional variables of marketing in a political context, highlighting the elements of promotion and product. Once these variables and their relationship with political marketing have been analyzed, proceed to the design of instruments that verify whether there is a link with the voting decision of the segment. In this way, qualitative and quantitative tools are used to clarify the objectives and hypotheses. Among the central conclusions of the thesis highlights the easy adaptation of the functional strategies of business marketing in the political field. Since the product can be graphed by the candidate, the brand represents the name of the political party and the promotion is supported by communicative theory. Finally, with respect to the five candidates, it is concluded that they all have different ideologies, positions and proposals, which provides different opinions in the segment under study.
Tesis
Books on the topic "Lost limb function"
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Bensmaia, Sliman J. Biohybrid touch interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0053.
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This chapter on biohybrid touch interfaces discusses the importance of touch in everyday life, namely in object manipulation, embodiment, and emotional communication. It then describes approaches to restore touch for individuals who have lost a limb or who have upper spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and thus have lost sensation from their limbs. One promising approach to restoring sensorimotor function in these patients is to fit them with robotic prostheses. For these limbs to be clinically viable, however, the patients must not only be able to control movements of the limb but also be able to receive sensory feedback about the consequences of the movements. Touch can be restored by interfacing with the peripheral nerve or with the brain and each approach offers promise but also faces challenges.
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Henry, Melissa, and Ali Alias. Body Image and Functional Loss. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0008.
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Abstract: The implications of functional loss following cancer is an area of psychosocial oncology that is rarely ventured. This is especially true in the context of limb and sensory losses, which have important repercussions on the patient’s well-being, namely as the individual is required to reassess and redefine his or her identity in face of these adversities. This chapter explores the implications of these losses via the intersection of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health with key oncological attributes of body image disturbances that seek to render explicit psychological mechanisms underlying impairments, limitations, and restrictions. Emphasizing the use of a standard framework for the assessment of functioning is essential, especially in understudied areas. Through this perspective, further insight is provided for the methodological and biopsychosocial assessment of functioning and body, and implications for clinical inquiry and practice are proposed for the advancement of cancer survivor care.
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Sierakowski, Adam, David Warwick, and Roderick Dunn. Vascular. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0018.
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Vascular pathology in the hand may present to many different specialties, and delayed referral to hand specialists is not unusual. We provide an overview of vascular hand anatomy and pathophysiology to enable early diagnosis and treatment. We discuss general assessment of vascular hand pathology, including vascular anomalies, vascular injury, and Raynaud’s disease. It is important to understand the diagnosis and emergency surgical treatment of compartment syndrome of the upper limb which if unrecognized can lead to permanent loss of function from post-ischaemic fibrosis (and may be less anticipated than lower limb compartment syndrome).
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Crick, Alexandra, David Warwick, and Roderick Dunn. Nerves. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0011.
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Examination of the nerves of the upper limb and localization of nerve lesions is mysterious to the unfamiliar. This chapter provides a scheme for the neuroanatomy of the upper limb, and for examination and investigation of nerve pathology including a section on neurophysiology. We discuss nerve injury, including pathophysiology and recovery. We describe common compression neuropathies affecting the median, ulnar, and radial nerves, and the brachial plexus lesions including thoracic outlet syndrome. Common tendon transfers are discussed for reconstruction following peripheral nerve injury or other loss of peripheral nerve function, and also for spinal injury at different levels.
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Glannon, Walter. Neural Prosthetics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813910.001.0001.
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Neural prosthetics (neuroprostheses, neural prostheses) are devices or systems that influence the input and output of information in the brain. They modulate, bypass, supplement, or replace regions of the brain and its connections to the body that are damaged, dysfunctional, or lost from brain injury, congenital conditions, limb loss, or neurodegenerative disease. Neural prosthetics can generate, improve, or restore sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. Some prosthetics are implanted in the brain. Others are connected to it in brain–computer interfacing. This book describes auditory and visual prosthetics, deep brain and responsive neurostimulation, brain–computer interfaces, brain-to-brain interfaces, optogenetics, and memory prosthetics and discusses some of their neuroscientific and philosophical implications. The neuroscientific discussion focuses on how neural prosthetics can restore brain and bodily functions. The philosophical discussion focuses on how people with these prosthetics can benefit from or be harmed by them. It also focuses on how these devices and systems can lead to a better understanding of or change our attitudes about the brain–mind relation, identity, mental causation, and agency. The book considers the therapeutic, rehabilitative, and restorative potential of neural prosthetics in improving functional independence and quality of life for millions of people with disabling conditions.
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Shaibani, Aziz. Pseudoneurologic Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0022.
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The term functional has almost replaced psychogenic in the neuromuscular literature for two reasons. It implies a disturbance of function, not structural damage; therefore, it defies laboratory testing such as MRIS, electromyography (EMG), and nerve conduction study (NCS). It is convenient to draw a parallel to the patients between migraine and brain tumors, as both cause headache, but brain MRI is negative in the former without minimizing the suffering of the patient. It is a “software” and not a “hardware” problem. It avoids irritating the patient by misunderstanding the word psychogenic which to many means “madness.”The cause of this functional impairment may fall into one of the following categories:• Conversion reaction: conversion of psychological stress to physical symptoms. This may include paralysis, hemisensory or distal sensory loss, or conversion spasms. It affects younger age groups.• Somatization: chronic multiple physical and cognitive symptoms due to chronic stress. It affects older age groups.• Factions disorder: induced real physical symptoms due to the need to be cared for, such as injecting oneself with insulin to produce hypoglycemia.• Hypochondriasis: overconcern about body functions such as suspicion of ALS due to the presence of rare fasciclutations that are normal during stress and after ingestion of a large amount of coffee. Medical students in particular are targets for this disorder.The following points are to be made on this topic. FNMD should be diagnosed by neuromuscular specialists who are trained to recognize actual syndrome whether typical or atypical. Presentations that fall out of the recognition pattern of a neuromuscular specialist, after the investigations are negative, they should be considered as FNMDs. Sometimes serial examinations are useful to confirm this suspicion. Psychatrists or psychologists are to be consulted to formulate a plan to discover the underlying stress and to treat any associated psychiatric disorder or psychological aberration. Most patients think that they are stressed due to the illness and they fail to connect the neuromuscular manifestations and the underlying stress. They offer shop around due to lack of satisfaction, especially those with somatization disorders. Some patients learn how to imitate certain conditions well, and they can deceive health care professionals. EMG and NCS are invaluable in revealing FNMD. A normal needle EMG of a weak muscles mostly indicates a central etiology (organic or functional). Normal sensory responses of a severely numb limb mean that a lesion is preganglionic (like roots avulsion, CISP, etc.) or the cause is central (a doral column lesion or functional). Management of FNMD is difficult, and many patients end up being chronic cases that wander into clinics and hospitals seeking solutions and exhausting the health care system with unnecessary expenses.It is time for these disorders to be studied in detail and be classified and have criteria set for their diagnosis so that they will not remain diagnosed only by exclusion. This chapter will describe some examples of these disorders. A video clip can tell the story better than many pages of writing. Improvement of digital cameras and electronic media has improved the diagnosis of these conditions, and it is advisable that patients record some of their symptoms when they happen. It is not uncommon for some Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs), such as myasthenia gravis (MG), small fiber neuropathy, and CISP, to be diagnosed as functional due to the lack of solid physical findings during the time of the examination. Therefore, a neuromuscular evaluation is important before these disorders are labeled as such. Some patients have genuine NMDs, but the majority of their symptoms are related to what Joseph Marsden called “sickness behavior.” A patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may unconsciously develop numbness of the entire side of the body because he thinks that he may have a stroke.
Book chapters on the topic "Lost limb function"
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Kumar, Akshay, Vinita, and Rajeev Kumar. "Role of Prosthetic Technology and Design in Improving Quality of Life of the Amputees and Challenges Ahead." In Handbook of Research on Complexities, Management, and Governance in Healthcare, 91–106. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6044-3.ch007.
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Prosthetic devices replace a missing body part lost through disease, trauma, or congenital disorder. The prosthesis is an external physical ‘medicine' that is applied to restore the movement, function, and cosmetic appearance of the lost body parts like a leg, hand, finger, ear, nose, etc. Prosthetists are the healthcare and rehabilitation professionals who assess, examine, prescribe, fabricate, and fit prosthetic devices to the amputees and also train them, if required, in acceptance of the prosthesis to the patient. The person who lost his or her limb through surgery in any form or having absence of limb by birth is known as an amputee. The technological advancement in the field of prosthetics has improved the quality of life of amputees in this century like nothing before and allowed them to interact with the wider world. Prosthesis plays an important role in returning the individual with limb loss to the pre-injury level of function. The future of prosthetic development appears to be promising.
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Clunie, Gavin, Nick Wilkinson, Elena Nikiphorou, and Deepak R. Jadon. "Evaluating rheumatological and musculoskeletal symptoms." In Oxford Handbook of Rheumatology, edited by Gavin Clunie, Nick Wilkinson, Elena Nikiphorou, and Deepak R. Jadon, 3–24. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198728252.003.0001.
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General rheumatological assessment is for musculoskeletal pain, stiffness or swelling, weakness, fever, rashes, and fatigue. This chapter describes both the nature of those symptoms helpful in making a diagnosis and also the subjective elements influenced by exertion, loss of function, anxiety, cultural norms, and other symptoms. In children and adolescents, symptoms are also influenced by developmental stage and may present simply as a limp or loss of limb function. Other referrals are for symptom complexes (such as Raynaud’s disease) or isolated abnormal investigations (such as elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or antinuclear antibody). Both paediatric and adult assessment requires the effective use of the (p)GALS screening examination tool described here. The nature of symptoms requiring rheumatological assessment varies according to diagnosis and has a subjective element influenced by exertion, impact, anxiety, cultural norms, and associated symptoms. They include musculoskeletal pain and stiffness, weakness or loss of limb function, fever, and also fatigue. Other referrals require assessment of symptom complexes or isolated abnormal investigations.
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Ward, Nick S. "Treatment of arm and hand dysfunction after CNS damage." In Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation, edited by Volker Dietz, Nick S. Ward, and Christopher Kennard, 269–78. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198824954.003.0020.
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Residual upper limb dysfunction after injury to the central nervous system is a major clinical, socioeconomic, and societal problem. Upper limb dysfunction can occur in many disorders of the central nervous system including cervical spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, but therapeutic approaches for upper limb dysfunction after stroke are the most thoroughly investigated. General approaches to treatment require (i) avoidance of complications such as spasticity, pain, and loss of range, (ii) early high dose engaging functional motor training, (iii) consideration of how neuroplastic processes might be engaged to enhance the effects of training. The evidence to deliver optimal personalized treatment strategies for all patients is lacking but there is evidence that higher doses and intensity of upper limb therapy will be beneficial to most patients. Recent work has focused on how technological innovation might be used to promote recovery of upper limb function.
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Ward, Nick. "Treatment of arm and hand dysfunction after CNS damage." In Oxford Textbook of Neurorehabilitation, 238–50. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199673711.003.0020.
Full textAbstract:
Residual upper limb dysfunction after injury to the central nervous system is a major clinical, socioeconomic and societal problem. Upper limb dysfunction can occur in many disorders of the central nervous system including cervical spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, but therapeutic approaches for upper limb dysfunction after stroke are the most thoroughly investigated. General approaches to treatment require:�(i)�avoidance of complications such as spasticity, pain, and loss of range; (ii) early high-dose engaging functional motor training; (iii) consideration of how neuroplastic processes might be engaged to enhance the effects of training. The evidence to deliver optimal personalized treatment strategies for all patients is lacking, but there is evidence that higher doses and intensity of upper limb therapy will be beneficial to most patients. Recent work has focused on how technological innovation might be used to promote recovery of upper limb function.
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Yang, Lin, Yaxuan Li, Qianling Zhang, Mengnan Jiang, and Jia He. "The Role of Functional Electrical Stimulation in Brachial Plexus Injury Repair." In Brachial Plexus Injury [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99660.
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Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is a type of peripheral nerve injury, which is mainly manifested as upper limb sensory and motor dysfunction. Although the injury will not endanger life, it can cause serious functional loss and high disability rate, and eventually lead to patients unable to live normally. At present, the treatment methods for BPI mainly include conservative treatment, such as limb massage, exercise, drug therapy, autonomous movement and strength training; In clinic, nerve repair, nerve transplantation and muscle transfer can also be used. Although surgical treatment can better restore the function of injured brachial plexus, there is a certain risk, so it is not the first choice of treatment. As a mature electrical stimulation method, functional electrical stimulation (FES) can play a good role in promoting injured nerve regeneration and preventing skeletal muscle denervation atrophy, so it can be widely used in the treatment and functional recovery of BPI. This article will review the research progress of FES in the treatment of BPI.
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Aung, Yee Mon, and Adel Al-Jumaily. "Effective Physical Rehabilitation System." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 180–97. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9740-9.ch010.
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Physical disability due to any neurological disorder such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) or Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) leads to motor deficit which will result in loss of control over whole body or one side of the body depending on which part of the brain is affected. In this case, physical rehabilitation is required to perform for restoration of lost functions to promote the patient's quality of life. However, traditional rehabilitation therapy requires one-to-one attention between patient and therapist. Furthermore, patients feel mundane after long term training with traditional exercises in repetitive manners. Therefore, this chapter presents the Effective Physical Rehabilitation System (EPRS) for upper limb rehabilitation by combination of augmented reality based rehabilitation exercises and biofeedback for fast recovery of motor deficit with motivational approach over traditional upper limb rehabilitation therapy which requires minimum supervision of physiotherapist. The main objective of EPRs is to restore the range of motions of upper limb and to prevent from muscle spasticity, muscle atrophy and osteoporosis in effective and motivated way. To meet this objective, augmented reality based pick and place rehabilitation exercises are developed for reaching movements. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated by the experiments and questionnaires results.
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McNab, Ian, and Chris Little. "Principles of upper limb surgery." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 691–97. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0090.
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Reconstructive surgery should be undertaken before the patient becomes severely incapacitated. The patient should be as fit as possible, with synovitis under good control with no evidence of sepsis. Active disease or glucocorticoid therapy are not contraindications to surgery. Shoulder surgery: Pain from synovitis of the acromioclavicular localizes to the joint and responds to intra-articular steroid or arthroscopic excision of the lateral clavicle. Pain from glenohumeral disease that does not improve with articular injections is helped by humeral head replacement, but glenoid bone loss generally makes glenoid resurfacing inadvisable. Rotator cuff impingement and tears that do not respond to injections and capsular control exercises are best treated by arthroscopic subacromial decompression and debridement. Elbow surgery: Arthroplasty will usually remove pain and improve function, particularly in the flail elbow, but carries increased surgical risks and a higher likelihood of loosening than other large-joint replacements; lifting should be restricted in the long term. Nerve compression around the elbow is common, but often relatively asymptomatic. Olecranon bursal excision surgery is usually avoided because of the low but significant risks of problems with wound healing. Hand and wrist surgery: if hand function and pain continue to deteriorate despite maximal medical therapy, surgical intervention is indicated.
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Al-Rashid, Mamun. "A Call to Thaw the Shoulder." In Painful Conditions of the Upper Limb, 25–30. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066376.003.0004.
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The shoulder joint is an intrinsically unstable joint with a very wide range of multidirectional motions that allow positioning of the arm in a variety of functional planes. Complaints of gradual and spontaneous limitation of shoulder range of motion require prompt attention due to their functional consequences. Adhesive capsulitis is a common shoulder condition that can be painful and functionally disabling. Most cases are idiopathic, with a smaller number of individuals developing it secondary to previous trauma or surgery. Adhesive capsulitis is a clinical diagnosis of painful shoulder with global loss of passive and active range of motion and normal radiological findings. This chapter reviews the clinical signs, differential diagnoses, and treatment options for adhesive capsulitis.
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Ramrakha, Punit S., Kevin P. Moore, and Amir H. Sam. "Neurological emergencies." In Oxford Handbook of Acute Medicine, 347–468. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797425.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses neurological emergencies, including coma, limb weakness, acute dizziness, acute loss of vision, painful red eye, acute bacterial meningitis, acute viral encephalitis, head injury, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), intracranial space-occupying lesion, haemorrhage (intracerebral, extradural, subdural, subarachnoid), status epilepticus (tonic–clonic), stroke, cerebral infarction syndromes, brainstem stroke, cerebellar stroke, transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), confusional states and delirium, acute alcohol withdrawal, neuromuscular respiratory failure, myasthenic crises, spinal cord compression, Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), botulism, tetanus, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), examination of brainstem function, and brain death.
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Brockington, Alice, and Pamela J. Shaw. "The motor neuron diseases." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 5069–75. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.02415_update_001.
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Motor neuron diseases are a family of conditions that lead to selective loss of function of the lower and/or upper motor neurons controlling the voluntary muscles of the limbs or bulbar region. Precise diagnosis is essential for prognosis, identification of those diseases with genetic implications, and for (in a very few cases) specific treatment....
Conference papers on the topic "Lost limb function"
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Rosati, Giulio, Riccardo Secoli, Damiano Zanotto, Aldo Rossi, and Giovanni Boschetti. "Planar Robotic Systems for Upper-Limb Post-Stroke Rehabilitation." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67273.
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Rehabilitation is the only way to promote recovery of lost function in post-stroke hemiplegic subjects, leading to independence and early reintegration into social and domestic life. In particular, upper limb rehabilitation is fundamental to regain ability in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Robot-aided rehabilitation is an emerging field seeking to employ leading-edge robotic systems to increase patient recovery in the rehabilitation treatment. Even though the effectiveness of robotic therapy is still being discussed, the use of robotic devices can increase therapists’ efficiency by alleviating the labor-intensive aspects of physical rehabilitation, and can produce a reduction in treatment costs. This paper presents a comparison between different planar robotic devices designed for upper-limb rehabilitation in chronic patients. A planar configuration of the workspace leads to straightforward mechanical and control system design, and allows to define very simple and understandable treatment exercises. Also, the graphical user interface becomes very intuitive for the patient, and a set of Cartesian-based measures of the patient’s performance can be defined easily. In the paper, SCARA (Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm) robots such as the MIT-Manus, Cartesian robots and cable-driven robots are considered and compared in terms of inertial properties and force exertion capabilities. Two cable-driven devices, designed at the Robotics Lab of the Department if Innovation In Mechanics and Management, University of Padua, Italy, are presented for the first time. The first robot employs four driven cables to produce a planar force on the end-effector, whereas the second one is based on a three-cable configuration plus a linear actuator to obtain better overall robot performance.
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Salazar-Salgado, Sara, and Elizabeth Rendón-Vélez. "Displacement of the Residual Limb Within Transfemoral Sockets: A Literature Review." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23416.
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Abstract According to the World Health Organization and the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics, between 0.5 to 0.8 percent of the global population has suffered limb amputations. In the last years, Colombia, Angola, Afghanistan, and Chechenia are the countries that have held the first places with the highest amount of landmine victims. In Colombia, this weapon has left more than 10.000 affected people, many of which have suffered traumatic lower limb amputation To recover some of the lost function, amputees are generally prescribed with a prosthesis. However, the adaptation of the user with this element depends on the comfort felt when using it and consequently, on the fit between the socket and the residual limb. The fit between these two elements is highly influenced by the relative motion between them (i.e. displacement, slip). Both excess of displacement or complete absence, have several negative consequences for the amputee. Thus, measuring displacement could be an important indicator of the quality of the socket and the suspension system, and could provide critical information to improve surgical interventions, the prescription of prosthetic elements and the design and development of new prosthetic components. Several authors have investigated this topic; however, the studies have been mostly conducted on transtibial amputees. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the gathered information about the displacement between the socket and residual limb in transfemoral amputees. A computer-aided systematic literature search was performed by two independent reviewers using three databases. The selected papers were evaluated with regards to: sample characteristics, displacement measurement instrument, measured activity, displacement axis, surfaces in contact, type of socket and type of suspension system used. Most of the studies were performed on less than five individuals with mature residual limbs and trauma caused amputation. The most common aspects of displacement were: imaging techniques (measurement instrument), gait (measured activity), vertical direction (displacement axis), bone/socket (surfaces in contact), quadrilateral (type of socket) and suction-based (suspension system). The optimal range of motion is still unknown for transfemoral amputees. A marker-based optical tracking system is promising for research purposes, while electronic sensors would be optimal for clinical use. Volume change may be an indirect and, more straightforward option to measure displacement. Further research is needed to determine the effect of using a modified socket, to find a way to measure relative motion inside the socket using marker-based optical tracking systems and to define the influence of subject-specific characteristics in the amount of displacement. A better understanding of what happens inside the socket helps to optimize prosthetic designs and to improve the amputee’s quality of life.
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Tryggvason, H., F. Starker, C. Lecomte, and F. Jonsdottir. "Modeling of Stiffness Characteristics in a Prosthetic Foot." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3781.
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The key goal of prosthetic foot design is to mimic the function of the lost limb. A passive spring and damper system can imitate the behavior of an ankle for low level activity, e.g. walking at slow to normal speeds and relatively gentle ascents/descents. In light of this, a variety of constant stiffness prosthetic feet are available on the market that serve their users well. However, when walking at a faster pace and ascending/descending stairs, the function of the physiological ankle is more complex and the muscular activity contributes to the stride in different ways. One of the challenges in prosthetic device design is to achieve the appropriate range of stiffness of the arrangement of joints and spring elements for different tasks, as well as varying loading of the prosthetic device. This calls for an adaptive mechanism that mimics the stiffness characteristics of a physiological foot by applying real-time adaptive control that changes the stiffness reactively according to user’s needs. The goal of this paper is to define the stiffness characteristics of such a device through modeling. The research is based on a finite element model of a well-received prosthetic foot design, which is validated by mechanical measurements of the actual product. We further enhance the model to include a secondary spring/dampener element. Various smart material technologies are considered in the design to provide control of flexibility and damping rate of the ankle joint movement. The reactive control of the secondary element allows the simulated prosthetic foot to adapt the ankle joint to imitate the behavior of the physiological ankle during different activities and in different phases of the gait cycle.
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Lin, You-Cheng, Sanket Jog, and Jen-Yuan (James) Chang. "Pose Estimation and Simulation of Upper Limb Exoskeleton." In ASME 2013 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2013-2873.
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In today’s world, there has been an increase in the usage of domestic purpose robots for assisting human activities. Such robots are more effective for physically handicapped people. Sometimes during an accident, person may suffer from a stroke. A stroke occurs when there is a blood clot which blocks the flow of blood due to which a blood vessel breaks, interrupting flow to a particular area of the brain. Functions performed by that area of the brain are lost which include speech, movement, and memory. This paper deals with recovery of human arm movement loss. The wearable exoskeleton robot for upper extremity rehabilitation is taken as the research object. The virtual rehabilitation system was generated in Simulink to carry out dynamic simulation. Robotic rehabilitation has been an effective method since the early 1990’s and is proving to have a significant effect on the fast recovery of stroke affected patients.
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Turkseven, Melih, Ilya Kovalenko, Euisun Kim, and Jun Ueda. "Analysis of a Tele-Operated MRI-Compatible Vane Actuator for Neuromuscular Facilitation in Hemiparetic Limbs." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9992.
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This paper analyzes the suitability of pneumatically driven, MRI-compatible vane actuators for stroke rehabilitation, particularly functional recovery of hemiparetic limbs. Hemiparesis patients suffer a sudden loss of motor skills in the upper-limb due to brain injury, such as stroke. As an emerging physio-therapy technique for hemiparesis, named repetitive facilitation exercise, or RFE, a therapist manually applies brief mechanical stimuli to the peripheral target muscles (e.g., tapping, stretching of tendon/muscle) followed by wrist pronation/supination immediately before a patient intends to produce a movement with the muscle. In an earlier study, a robotic system that replicates the mechanical tendon stimulation part of RFE procedure in MRI with the required timing precision has been developed and tested by the authors to investigate the underlying principles of functional recovery via RFE. This work presents the design of a vane actuator that fits into the tight space in MR-scanners, and analyzes its dynamic performance via a detailed pneumatic system model. The analysis indicates that a pneumatically driven, tele-operated vane actuator can satisfy the dynamic requirements of the targeted rehabilitation procedure.
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Carvalho, Nichollas de Lorenzi. "Huntington’s disease in a young patient: case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.027.
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Context: Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by a progressive, autosomal neurodegenerative disease dominant, characterized by motor, psychiatric manifestations and cognitive decline due to a genetic alteration with 36 to 121 CAG repetitions on chromosome 4, which leads to the mutation of the huntingtin protein and its nuclear accumulation with formations of cytoplasmic inclusions of the affected neurons. It being more common between the third and fifth decade of life. The aim of this study was to report the case of a young patient with HD. Case report: Female patient, 6 years old. Mother reports seizures for 3 years, associated with abnormal lower limb posture, as well as rapid shock-like limbs, lasting a few minutes, eye upwards, loss of consciousness, difficulties in swallowing and loss of ability to walk at 5 years of age. Mother reports family history of involuntary motor shocks. The neurological examination showed a vigil, global epasticity; Global hyperreflexia; Bilateral aquilean inexhaustible clonus; Plantar skin reflex in bilateral extension. Upon examination of the cranial nerves, presented isochoric and photoreactive pupils, preserved extrinsic ocular motricity, symmetrical face, tongue and palate symmetrical, trophism and neurovegetative functions without changes. Magnetic resonance imaging was requested, showing atrophy of the caudate nucleus, and research for Huntington’s disease, confirming the diagnosis. Conclusions: the reported case brings to light the rarity of the disease manifestation in younger patients and supposed correlation with family history, corroborating with the evidence of the factor disease as the main risk factor for the development of HD.
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Ali, Adiba, and Yi-Xian Qin. "Inhibition of Bone Loss and Muscle Atrophy by Dynamic Muscle Contractions With Rest Periods in a Functional Disuse Mouse Model." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193066.
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Osteoporosis, induced by aging and long-term disuse, often occurs together with muscle loss. Musculoskeletal disuse causes severe physiologic changes and it has been proposed the synergistic effects of muscle function and bone adaptation. Bone fluid flow has been shown to be induced during mechanical loading, and is proposed to be a critical mediator of bone adaptation. The skeletal muscle may serve as a muscle pump that may mediate bone mechanotransduction via modulation of intramedullary pressure. Thus, muscular stimulation is proposed to be used to simultaneously treat both muscle and bone loss, but the optimal parameters required for such treatment is unclear. Studies have separately investigated the optimal signal parameters for bone or muscle. Insertion of recovery periods during high frequency stimulations have shown potential to reduce muscle atrophy by minimizing fatigue and mimicking physiologic contractions, and demonstrated enhancement of bone remodeling. Our preliminary research has indicated that dynamic muscle contractions within an optimal frequency range can significantly recover disuse induced bone loss. However, the optimal rest periods required to prevent muscle fatigue during stimulations are not clear. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate optimized dynamic muscle stimulations at relatively high frequency, e.g., 20 Hz, and to test the role of varying the rest duration on muscle mass and bone morphology in a functional hind limb disuse mouse model.
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Calve, Sarah, and Hans-Georg Simon. "The Mechanical and Biochemical Environment Controls Cellular Differentiation During Muscle Regeneration." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53767.
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Urodele amphibians like the newt, are able to completely regenerate lost organs and appendages without scarring. Differentiated tissues are considered a reservoir for uncommitted blastema cells that participate in the regeneration of the lost structure. To determine the influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on the recruitment of progenitor cells from the skeletal muscle, we immunohistochemically mapped the limb in 3D and found that a transitional ECM rich in hyaluronic acid (HA), tenascin-C (TN) and fibronectin (FN) is dynamically expressed during the early stages of regeneration [1]. Functional in vitro testing of different ECM components on primary muscle cells revealed that HA and TN support myoblast migration, inhibit differentiation and enhance the fragmentation of multinucleate myotubes and production of viable mononucleate myoblasts, cellular behaviors necessary for blastema formation [1]. In contrast, myoblasts plated on matrices that mimic ECM around differentiated muscle (FN, Matrigel and laminin) induced both proliferation and fusion.
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Bhatia, Dinesh, Mario Novo, Ranu Jung, Denis Brunt, and Tatiana Bejarano. "Lower Extremity Muscle Activity Patterns During Lateral (Frontal) Side Stepping Task Modulation From Different Heights." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80285.
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Different muscle groups function in a synchronized and coordinated manner to perform a given task, wherein the activity of one muscle group affects that of another (1, 3). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, chronic joint disease characterized by pain, disability and progressive loss of function. It is the most common musculoskeletal complaint worldwide and is associated with significant health and welfare costs (2, 7). The knee is the most frequently affected joint of the lower limb and prevalence of knee OA increases with age (6). Several studies have shown that muscle recruitment patterns and neuromuscular efficiency are different for patients with OA compared to normal controls during simple closed chain activities (4). However, no studies have investigated frontal plane control or the modulation of control due to, for example, a change in time or distance in OA (5).
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Willett, Nick J., M. Alice Li, Brent A. Uhrig, Gordon L. Warren, and Robert E. Guldberg. "Muscle Injury Attenuates BMP-2 Mediated Tissue Regeneration in a Novel Rat Model of Composite Bone and Muscle Injury." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53589.
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Musculoskeletal diseases and injuries are a major burden on society, representing the most common cause of pain and impaired function worldwide. Composite injuries involving bone and the surrounding soft tissue comprise one of the most challenging musculoskeletal conditions to return to normal function. During repair of these injuries there is a loss of the synergistic interactions between adjacent tissues resulting in impaired bone regeneration. Additionally, local soft tissue ischemia may also be a contributing factor to increased infection rates observed in severe composite tissue injuries. Muscle has been implicated as a source for re-vascularization, osteoprogenitor cells and osteogenic factors, as well as a contributor to the biomechanical stimuli; however, associated studies have mostly been qualitative in nature, offering little insight into the mechanistic nature of the relationship of soft tissue to bone regeneration. Small animal models of critically sized bone defects are an efficient means to test engraftment strategies of novel constructs and therapeutics particularly in terms of functional restoration of a limb. Our lab previously developed a critically-sized rat segmental defect model with which we have quantitatively assessed bone regeneration using numerous constructs and therapeutic treatments [1]. Our objective was to develop a composite injury model by combining this segmental defect model with a muscle injury adjacent to the bone defect. We hypothesized that animals with a composite injury would have attenuated BMP-2 mediated tissue regeneration as compared to animals with a single tissue injury.
Reports on the topic "Lost limb function"
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guo, wenxuan, WH Chen, F. Wu, WQ Qian, SY Zhang, JS Yu, K. Tian, RJ Zhuang, and Y. Pan. Can locked fibula nail replace plate fixation for treatment of acute ankle fracture? A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0094.
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Review question / Objective: We seek to conduct a meta-analysis of relevant studies to evaluate and compare functional outcomes and complication rates between locked fibula intramedullary nail fixation and plate fixation for treatment of ankle fractures. Condition being studied: Ankle fractures, with an incidence rate of 4.22/10, 000 person-years in the United States, are one of the most common lower extremity fractures. Currently, the standard surgical treatment approaches for unstable ankle fractures involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screws. However, ORIF has resulted in little efficacy during treatment of fractures since the 1960s, while plate and screw fixation has also been associated with several complications. Previous studies have shown that closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) with fibula intramedullary nail (IMN) has achieved satisfactory efficacy in treatment of ankle fractures, and is associated with low complication rates. Additionally, a systematic review showed that a locked intramedullary nail (LIMN) device provides better stability and rotation control, thereby reducing the risk of nail migration and loss of fixation, compared to unlocked nails. Therefore, a meta-analysis is imperative to provide evidence on whether LIMN can replace PF for treatment of ankle fractures, owing to an increase in related studies that have been published in recent years.