To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Lost limb function.
Journal articles on the topic 'Lost limb function'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Lost limb function.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zhang, Peng, Qi Xu, and Ji Ping He. "Review and Perspective: Sensory Feedback in Upper Limb Prosthesis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.261.
Full textAbstract:
An emerging challenge in developing intelligent prostheses is to replicate or recreate the sensory functions of natural limbs for amputees. Such functions mainly include tactile sensation and proprioception. This paper reviews the tactile receptors and proprioceptors in human upper limb, the artificial sensors in upper limb prosthesis, and the sensory feedback technology used for reconstruction of lost sensory function in the amputee’s upper limb.
2
Pechmann, Matthias, Evelyn E. Schwager, Natascha Turetzek, and Nikola-Michael Prpic. "Regressive evolution of the arthropod tritocerebral segment linked to functional divergence of the Hox gene labial." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1162.
Full textAbstract:
The intercalary segment is a limbless version of the tritocerebral segment and is present in the head of all insects, whereas other extant arthropods have retained limbs on their tritocerebral segment (e.g. the pedipalp limbs in spiders). The evolutionary origin of limb loss on the intercalary segment has puzzled zoologists for over a century. Here we show that an intercalary segment-like phenotype can be created in spiders by interfering with the function of the Hox gene labial . This links the origin of the intercalary segment to a functional change in labial . We show that in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum the labial gene has two functions: one function in head tissue maintenance that is conserved between spiders and insects, and a second function in pedipalp limb promotion and specification, which is only present in spiders. These results imply that labial was originally crucial for limb formation on the tritocerebral segment, but that it has lost this particular subfunction in the insect ancestor, resulting in limb loss on the intercalary segment. Such loss of a subfunction is a way to avoid adverse pleiotropic effects normally associated with mutations in developmental genes, and may thus be a common mechanism to accelerate regressive evolution.
3
Scalha, Thais Botossi, Erica Miyasaki, Núbia Maria Freire Vieira Lima, and Guilherme Borges. "Correlations between motor and sensory functions in upper limb chronic hemiparetics after stroke." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, no. 4 (August 2011): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000500010.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVE: Describe the somatosensory function of the affected upper limb of hemiparetic stroke patients and investigate the correlations between measurements of motor and sensory functions in tasks with and without visual deprivation. METHOD: We applied the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA), and several motor and sensory tests: Paper manipulation (PM), Motor Sequences (MS), Reaching and grasping (RG) Tests Functional (TF), Tactile Discrimination (TD), Weight Discrimination (WD) and Tactile Recognition of Objects (RO). RESULTS: We found moderate correlations between the FMA motor subscale and the tactile sensation score of the NSA. Additionally, the FMA sensitivity was correlated with the NSA total; and performance on the WD test items correlated with the NSA. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between the sensory and motor functions of the upper limb in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. Additionally, there was a greater reliance on visual information to compensate for lost sensory-motor skills.
4
Lee, Gwo-Chin, David L. Colen, L. S. Levin, and Stephen J. Kovach. "Microvascular free flap coverage for salvage of the infected total knee arthroplasty." Bone & Joint Journal 102-B, no. 6_Supple_A (June 2020): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.102b6.bjj-2019-1661.r1.
Full textAbstract:
Aims The integrity of the soft tissue envelope is crucial for successful treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of limb salvage, infection control, and clinical function following microvascular free flap coverage for salvage of the infected TKA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 23 microvascular free tissue transfers for management of soft tissue defects in infected TKA. There were 16 men and seven women with a mean age of 61.2 years (39 to 81). The median number of procedures performed prior to soft tissue coverage was five (2 to 9) and all patients had failed at least one two-stage reimplantation procedure. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Knee Society Scoring system for pain and function. Results In all, one patient was lost to follow-up prior to 12 months. The remaining 22 patients were followed for a mean of 46 months (12 to 92). At latest follow-up, four patients (18%) had undergone amputation for failure of treatment and persistent infection. For the other 18 patients, 11 patients (50%) had maintained a knee prosthesis in place while seven patients had undergone resections for persistent infection but retained their limbs (32%). Reoperations were common following coverage and reimplantation. The median number of additional procedures was two (0 to 6). Clinical function was poor in patients who underwent reimplantation and retained a knee prosthesis following free flap coverage with a mean KSS score for pain and function of 44 (0 to 70) and 30 (0 to 65), respectively. All patients required an assistive device. Extensor mechanism problems and extensor lag requiring bracing were common following limb salvage and prosthesis reimplantation. Conclusion Microvascular tissue transfer for management of infected TKA can be successful in limb salvage (82%) but clinical outcomes in salvaged limbs were poor. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6 Supple A):176–180.
5
Broderick, Barry, Paul Breen, and Gearóid Ólaighin. "Electronic stimulators for surface neural prosthesis." Journal of Automatic Control 18, no. 2 (2008): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jac0802025b.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the technological advancements in neural prosthesis devices using Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). FES refers to the restoration of motor functions lost due to spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, head injury, or diseases such as Cerebral Palsy or Multiple Sclerosis by eliciting muscular contractions through the use of a neuromuscular electrical stimulator device. The field has developed considerably since its inception, with the miniaturisation of circuity, the development of programmable and adaptable stimulators and the enhancement of sensors used to trigger the application of stimulation to suit a variety of FES applications. This paper discusses general FES system design requirements in the context of existing commercial and research FES devices, focusing on surface stimulators for the upper and lower limbs. These devices have demonstrated feasible standing and stepping in a clinical setting with paraplegic patients, improvements in dropped foot syndrome with hemiplegic patients and aided in the restoration of grasping function in patients with upper limb motor dysfunction.
6
Raju, V. "(P1-101) Salvage of Traumatized Extremities Restores Morale in Working Class of Society." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004341.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionTo improve quality of life among subjects with crush injuries of extremities as an outcome of traumata of various aetiology by salvage procedures. To prevent or minimize psycho-social derangement or implications by minimizing partial or total loss of traumatized body parts and restore useful function.Material20 year study/observation in trauma of limbs, hands, feet, fingers, toes with partial to near total vascular compromise sustained in road traffic, industrial, domestic, suicidal, homicidal, war wounds, fire work blasts, etc. accidents.MethodPre-operative/follow-up counselling of every patient, attendants and employer are of utmost importance. Primary debridement, stabilization, skin cover and serial paraffin-gauge dressings are followed with straps/splints, passive/active range of movement exercises and delayed suture removal. Antibiotic cover with sequential cultures are mandatory.Facts / FiguresSepsis is a challenge. Males, youth, hands, Grade II wounds and RTAs dominate incidence. Contamination, delayed presentation, poor compliance and follow-up, poor nutritional status, anaemia, etc., dread salvage. Initial poor tissue perfusion is no indication for early decision to amputate/terminalize.ResultsCompromised vascular crushes in which primary closure was achieved, salvage of limb and appendages was surprisingly possible. Cosmesis in working class is never the priority, but restoration of function and more so the chance of livelihood are. Dexterity and confidence come with practice. Richer the patient, difficult to convince. Psycho-social depression is more with early amputations than in revisions and much less in salvaged groups, commoner in men and unmarried illiterate women. Women adapt better to salvaged parts.ConclusionEven a nail lost with its bed is lost for ever, leaving a painful defunct stump. No riches can truly compensate. If soft tissue cover on bony elements and neuro-vascular bundles is achievable, an entire limb may survive and regain near normal function. When crush wounds remain aseptic a decision to amputate can wait.
7
Bagiński, K., D. Jasińska-Choromańska, and J. Wierciak. "Modelling and simulation of a system for verticalization and aiding the motion of individuals suffering from paresis of the lower limbs." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0099.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract There has been designed a device for verticalization and aiding the gait of individuals suffering from paresis of the lower limbs. It can be counted in the category of so-called “wearable robots”, whose task is to replace or aid human limbs. Dependently on the function realized, these robots are classified into one of the following three groups: a) exoskeletons - strengthening the force of human muscles beyond their natural abilities, b) orthotic robots - restoring lost or weakened functions of human limbs, c) prosthetic robots - replacing an amputated limb. A significant feature of the device that has been designed is the fact that it has not to replace human limbs, but only restore them to their lost motor capabilities. Thus, according to the presented classification, it is an orthotic robot. Unlike in the case of the existing systems for verticalization, the gait is to be realized in a way that is automatic to the highest possible extent, keeping the user involved as little as possible, and the device is to imitate the natural movements of man with the highest fidelity. Within the works on the system for verticalization and aiding the motion, a simulation model of the device was created. It includes a structure of the robot, a model of the actuators and a model of the human body that constitutes the load for the driving units. Then, simulation studies were carried out, including evaluation of the power demand of the device as well as the influence of the gait rate and of the length of the steps on the operation of the system.
8
Sousounis, Konstantinos, Burcu Erdogan, Michael Levin, and Jessica L. Whited. "Precise control of ion channel and gap junction expression is required for patterning of the regenerating axolotl limb." International Journal of Developmental Biology 64, no. 10-11-12 (2020): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.200114jw.
Full textAbstract:
Axolotls and other salamanders have the capacity to regenerate lost tissue after an amputation or injury. Growth and morphogenesis are coordinated within cell groups in many contexts by the interplay of transcriptional networks and biophysical properties such as ion flows and voltage gradients. It is not, however, known whether regulators of a cell’s ionic state are involved in limb patterning at later stages of regeneration. Here we manipulated expression and activities of ion channels and gap junctions in vivo, in axolotl limb blastema cells. Limb amputations followed by retroviral infections were performed to drive expression of a human gap junction protein Connexin 26 (Cx26), potassium (Kir2.1-Y242F and Kv1.5) and sodium (NeoNav1.5) ion channel proteins along with EGFP control. Skeletal preparation revealed that overexpressing Cx26 caused syndactyly, while overexpression of ion channel proteins resulted in digit loss and structural abnormalities compared to EGFP expressing control limbs. Additionally, we showed that exposing limbs to the gap junction inhibitor lindane during the regeneration process caused digit loss. Our data reveal that manipulating native ion channel and gap junction function in blastema cells results in patterning defects involving the number and structure of the regenerated digits. Gap junctions and ion channels have been shown to mediate ion flows that control the endogenous voltage gradients which are tightly associated with the regulation of gene expression, cell cycle progression, migration, and other cellular behaviors. Therefore, we postulate that mis-expression of these channels may have disturbed this regulation causing uncoordinated cell behavior which results in morphological defects.
9
Bolotov, D. D. "Prevention of complications depending on the level of amputation (exarticulation) of the lower limb." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto202027126-30.
Full textAbstract:
In the mid-end of the last century, unification was carried out to select the level of limb trimming, based on the principle of achieving the maximum possible functionality in the stump-prosthesis system. Over time, due to the development of surgical techniques and the level of prosthetic and orthopedic products, previously developed schemes for choosing the level of amputation have lost their relevance. However, the most typical complications and the associated decrease in prosthetics functionality continue to occur in the current time period. The article provides an analysis of the possible variants of complications in relation to the level of limb truncation, options for their prevention and elimination, and how the general assessment of the effect on the stat-dynamic function of the stump length at various levels is presented.
10
Parajuli, Nawadita, Neethu Sreenivasan, Paolo Bifulco, Mario Cesarelli, Sergio Savino, Vincenzo Niola, Daniele Esposito, et al. "Real-Time EMG Based Pattern Recognition Control for Hand Prostheses: A Review on Existing Methods, Challenges and Future Implementation." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 4596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204596.
Full textAbstract:
Upper limb amputation is a condition that significantly restricts the amputees from performing their daily activities. The myoelectric prosthesis, using signals from residual stump muscles, is aimed at restoring the function of such lost limbs seamlessly. Unfortunately, the acquisition and use of such myosignals are cumbersome and complicated. Furthermore, once acquired, it usually requires heavy computational power to turn it into a user control signal. Its transition to a practical prosthesis solution is still being challenged by various factors particularly those related to the fact that each amputee has different mobility, muscle contraction forces, limb positional variations and electrode placements. Thus, a solution that can adapt or otherwise tailor itself to each individual is required for maximum utility across amputees. Modified machine learning schemes for pattern recognition have the potential to significantly reduce the factors (movement of users and contraction of the muscle) affecting the traditional electromyography (EMG)-pattern recognition methods. Although recent developments of intelligent pattern recognition techniques could discriminate multiple degrees of freedom with high-level accuracy, their efficiency level was less accessible and revealed in real-world (amputee) applications. This review paper examined the suitability of upper limb prosthesis (ULP) inventions in the healthcare sector from their technical control perspective. More focus was given to the review of real-world applications and the use of pattern recognition control on amputees. We first reviewed the overall structure of pattern recognition schemes for myo-control prosthetic systems and then discussed their real-time use on amputee upper limbs. Finally, we concluded the paper with a discussion of the existing challenges and future research recommendations.
11
MALIKOV, M. KH, A. A. DAVLATOV, D. D. DZHONONOV, N. A. MAKHMADKULOVA, G. D. KARIM-ZADE, and B. A. ODINAEV. "THE LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE FLAP TRANSFER IN SURGICAL CORRECTION OF POST-TRAUMATIC UPPER LIMB DYSFUNCTION." Avicenna Bulletin 12, no. 1 (2022): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25005/2074-0581-2022-24-2-265-274.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To improve the outcomes of surgical correction of upper limb dysfunction (ULD) using the latissimus dorsi flap (LDF). Methods: ULD occurred in 76 patients with Volkmann's ischemic contracture (VIC), post-traumatic soft tissue defects, and brachial plexitis in 57, 11, and 8 cases, respectively. Out of 57 patients with VIC, in 30 cases, a skin defect was observed along with severe degenerative changes in soft tissues, neurovascular bundles (NVBs) and tendons. Post-traumatic forearm defects (n=11) in 5 cases were accompanied by damage to the NVBs and tendons. In brachial plexitis, isolated injury to the musculocutaneous nerve occurred in 6 patients, and a combination of nerve lesions with radial nerve palsy – in 2 patients. Results: Transposition of LDF to the biceps brachii for the treatment of brachial plexitis, free muscle transplantation for the treatment of VIC and forearm soft tissue defects were performed in 8, 57, and 11 cases, respectively. Active forearm flexion after the muscle flap transposition was noted after 4 weeks. In contrast, after graft transplantation in VIC, the grip function restoration began after 6 months and improved within 1 year and beyond. Conclusion: Using the LDF in surgical correction of post-traumatic ULD allowed restoring the lost functions of the crushing grip and forearm flexion. For the forearm, only free flap transplantation with a relatively long period of limb function recovery is possible. In contrast, the traspositioned LDF to the biceps allows achieving the desired functional outcomes in the shortest possible time. Keywords: Upper limb, latissimus dorsi flap, Volkmann's contracture, soft-tissue defect, brachial plexitis.
12
Crouch, Dustin L., Patrick T. Hall, Caleb Stubbs, Caroline Billings, Alisha P. Pedersen, Bryce Burton, Cheryl B. Greenacre, Stacy M. Stephenson, and David E. Anderson. "Feasibility of Implanting a Foot–Ankle Endoprosthesis within Skin in a Rabbit Model of Transtibial Amputation." Bioengineering 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080348.
Full textAbstract:
Prosthetic limbs that are completely implanted within skin (i.e., endoprostheses) could permit direct, physical muscle–prosthesis attachment to restore more natural sensorimotor function to people with amputation. The objective of our study was to test, in a rabbit model, the feasibility of replacing the lost foot after hindlimb transtibial amputation by implanting a novel rigid foot–ankle endoprosthesis that is fully covered with skin. We first conducted a pilot, non-survival surgery in two rabbits to determine the maximum size of the skin flap that could be made from the biological foot–ankle. The skin flap size was used to determine the dimensions of the endoprosthesis foot segment. Rigid foot–ankle endoprosthesis prototypes were successfully implanted in three rabbits. The skin incisions healed over a period of approximately 1 month after surgery, with extensive fur regrowth by the pre-defined study endpoint of approximately 2 months post surgery. Upon gross inspection, the skin surrounding the endoprosthesis appeared normal, but a substantial subdermal fibrous capsule had formed around the endoprosthesis. Histology indicated that the structure and thickness of the skin layers (epidermis and dermis) were similar between the operated and non-operated limbs. A layer of subdermal connective tissue representing the fibrous capsule surrounded the endoprosthesis. In the operated limb of one rabbit, the subdermal connective tissue layer was approximately twice as thick as the skin on the medial (skin = 0.43 mm, subdermal = 0.84 mm), ventral (skin = 0.80 mm, subdermal = 1.47 mm), and lateral (skin = 0.76 mm, subdermal = 1.42 mm) aspects of the endoprosthesis. Our results successfully demonstrated the feasibility of implanting a fully skin-covered rigid foot–ankle endoprosthesis to replace the lost tibia–foot segment of the lower limb. Concerns include the fibrotic capsule which could limit the range of motion of jointed endoprostheses. Future studies include testing of endoprosthetics, as well as materials and pharmacologic agents that may suppress fibrous encapsulation.
13
Hentz, Vincent R. "Tendon transfers after peripheral nerve injuries: my preferred techniques." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 44, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193419864838.
Full textAbstract:
While there is now keen interest in restoring function lost through irreparable nerve injury by performing nerve-to-nerve transfer, for some time to come, tendon transfers will remain the primary reconstructive procedure for paralytic injuries of the upper limb. A career spanning more than 50 years has permitted the author to try many tendon transfers promoted by past and present colleagues for the three common nerve injuries (median, radial and ulnar) affecting hand function and, eventually, to settle upon those which have provided the most predictable and consistent outcomes. This article describes the author’s preferred tendon transfers for high radial and low median and ulnar palsies, providing the rationale behind these choices, operative details supplemented with illustrations, technical tips and advice regarding postoperative rehabilitation.
14
Shi, Ying, Gregory Apker, and Christopher A. Buneo. "Multimodal representation of limb endpoint position in the posterior parietal cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): 2097–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00223.2012.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the neural representation of limb position is important for comprehending the control of limb movements and the maintenance of body schema, as well as for the development of neuroprosthetic systems designed to replace lost limb function. Multiple subcortical and cortical areas contribute to this representation, but its multimodal basis has largely been ignored. Regarding the parietal cortex, previous results suggest that visual information about arm position is not strongly represented in area 5, although these results were obtained under conditions in which animals were not using their arms to interact with objects in their environment, which could have affected the relative weighting of relevant sensory signals. Here we examined the multimodal basis of limb position in the superior parietal lobule (SPL) as monkeys reached to and actively maintained their arm position at multiple locations in a frontal plane. On half of the trials both visual and nonvisual feedback of the endpoint of the arm were available, while on the other trials visual feedback was withheld. Many neurons were tuned to arm position, while a smaller number were modulated by the presence/absence of visual feedback. Visual modulation generally took the form of a decrease in both firing rate and variability with limb vision and was associated with more accurate decoding of position at the population level under these conditions. These findings support a multimodal representation of limb endpoint position in the SPL but suggest that visual signals are relatively weakly represented in this area, and only at the population level.
15
Meng, Qiaoling, Qiaolian Xie, Haicun Shao, Wujing Cao, Feng Wang, Lulu Wang, Hongliu Yu, and Sujiao Li. "Pilot Study of a Powered Exoskeleton for Upper Limb Rehabilitation Based on the Wheelchair." BioMed Research International 2019 (December 18, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9627438.
Full textAbstract:
To help hemiplegic patients with stroke to restore impaired or lost upper extremity functionalities efficiently, the design of upper limb rehabilitation robotics which can substitute human practice becomes more important. The aim of this work is to propose a powered exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitation based on a wheelchair in order to increase the frequency of training and reduce the preparing time per training. This paper firstly analyzes the range of motion (ROM) of the flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and internal/external of the shoulder joint, the flexion/extension of the elbow joint, the pronation/supination of the forearm, the flexion/extension and ulnar/radial of the wrist joint by measuring the normal people who are sitting on a wheelchair. Then, a six-degree-of-freedom exoskeleton based on a wheelchair is designed according to the defined range of motion. The kinematics model and workspace are analyzed to understand the position of the exoskeleton. In the end, the test of ROM of each joint has been done. The maximum error of measured and desired shoulder flexion and extension joint angle is 14.98%. The maximum error of measured and desired elbow flexion and extension joint angle is 14.56%. It is acceptable for rehabilitation training. Meanwhile, the movement of drinking water can be realized in accordance with the range of motion. It demonstrates that the proposed upper limb exoskeleton can also assist people with upper limb disorder to deal with activities of daily living. The feasibility of the proposed powered exoskeleton for upper limb rehabilitation training and function compensating based on a wheelchair is proved.
16
Adamičková, A., A. Gažová, M. Adamička, N. Chomaničová, S. Valašková, Z. Červenák, B. Šalingová, and J. Kyselovič. "Molecular basis of the effect of atorvastatin pretreatment on stem cell therapy in chronic ischemic diseases – critical limb ischemia." Physiological Research, S4 (December 30, 2021): S527—S5333. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549//physiolres.934718.
Full textAbstract:
Autologous stem cell therapy is the most promising alternative treatment in patients with chronic ischemic diseases, including ischemic heart disease and critical limb ischemia, which are characterized by poor prognosis related to serious impair of quality of life, high risk of cardiovascular events and mortality rates. However, one of the most serious shortcomings of stem cell transplantation are low survival after transplantation to the site of injury, as large number of stem cells are lost within 24 hours after delivery. Multiple studies suggest that combination of lipid-lowering drugs, statins, and stem cell transplantation might improve therapeutic efficacy in regenerative medicine. Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase and belong to recommended therapy in all patients suffering from critical limb ischemia. Statins possess non-lipid effects which involve improvement of endothelial function, decrease of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, anti-cancer and stem cell modulation capacities. These non-lipid effects are explained by inhibition of mevalonate synthesis via blocking isoprenoid intermediates synthesis, such as farnesylpyrophospate and geranylgeranylpyrophospate and result in modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, statin-mediated microRNA regulation may contribute to the pleiotropic functions. MicroRNA interplay in gene regulatory network of IGF/Akt pathway may be of special significance for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. We assume further studies are needed for detailed analysis of statin interactions with microRNA at the molecular level and their link to PI3K/Akt and IGF/Akt pathway in stem cells, which are currently the most promising treatment strategy used in chronic ischemic diseases.
17
Canzoneri, Elisa, Elisa Magosso, Amedeo Amoresano, and Andrea Serino. "Plasticity in multisensory body representations after amputation and prosthesis implantation." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647676.
Full textAbstract:
Multisensory representations of the body and of the space around it (i.e., Peripersonal space, PPS) depend on the physical structure of the body, in that they are constructed from incoming multisensory signals from different body parts. After a sudden change in the physical structure of the body, such as limb amputation, little is known about how multimodal representations of the body and of the PPS adapt to loosing a part of the body, and how partially restoring the function of missing body part by means of prosthesis implantation affects these multimodal body representations. We assessed body representation in a group of upper limb amputees by means of a tactile distance perception task, measuring the implicitly perceived length of the arm, and PPS representation by means of an audio–tactile interaction task, assessing the extension of the multisensory space where environmental stimuli interact with somatosensory processing. When patients performed the task on the amputated limb, without the prosthesis, the perceived arm length shrank, with a concurrent shift of PPS boundaries towards the stump. Wearing the prosthesis increased the perceived length of the stump and extended the boundaries of the PPS so to include the prosthetic hand. The representations of the healthy limb were comparable to those of healthy controls. These results suggest that a modification in the physical body affects multisensory body and PPS representations for the amputated side; such representations are further shaped if prostheses are used to replace the lost body part.
18
Lendraitienė, Eglė, Laura Urbonienė, Daiva Petruševičienė, and Rasa Šakalienė. "Physiotherapy on the Biodex Balance System Device is More Effective Than Wobble Board Exercises for Regaining Balance, but not the Lower Limb Muscle Strength, in Stroke Patients." Reabilitacijos mokslai: slauga, kineziterapija, ergoterapija 2, no. 27 (November 16, 2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/rmske.v2i27.1265.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Balance control and restoration of movements are among the most important rehabilitation goals for stroke survivors. There are many techniques used to restore lost function, but there is little research demonstrating the effectiveness of specific equipment in improving balance. The aim. To compare balance and lower limb muscle strength in stroke patients when applying different methods of physiotherapy. Methods. The study included 40 stroke patients with hemiparesis and impaired balance. The subjects were divided into two groups: the first group (n=20) underwent physiotherapy on the Biodex balance system device (with visual feedback), the second group (n=20) – wobble board exercises. Both groups underwent 45-minute physiotherapy sessions 5 times a week (in total, 20 procedures). The subjects were tested at baseline and after physiotherapy. Balance was evaluated by applying the Best Evaluation Systems Test (BEST), and lower limb muscle strength – by using the Oxford muscle strength scale. Results. Physiotherapy on the Biodex balance system device as well as wobble board exercises improved balance and muscle strength in stroke patients. Furthermore, the balance results of the first group (Biodex) was significantly greater than those of the second group (wobble board). No difference in muscle strength parameters was found between the groups. Conclusion. Physiotherapy using the Biodex balance system device (with visual feedback) was superior to wobble board exercises for improving the balance abilities, but not the lower limb muscle strength, in stroke patients. Keywords: stroke, physiotherapy, Biodex, balance, muscle strength, lower limb.
19
Badjate, Divya. "IMPACT OF LOCOMOTOR TRAINING IN IMPROVING FUNCTION AFTER STROKE." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 3417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i4.1276.
Full textAbstract:
Stroke is among the world's leading causes of death, disability and functional inability for adults. The incidence of stroke currently exceeds that of Western developed nations in India. Increased understanding of the risk factors for stroke is hoped to lessen the future prevalence. Recurrence rates of stroke are high. The incidence and ability of individuals to recover varies widely. Stroke affects health by affecting the functioning system resulting in disabilities, physical problems, and a lower quality of life. Physiotherapy is instrumental to restore lost sensations and motor skills and to deal with patient's emotional needs. This case report describes a case of A 66 year old male retired PWD worker, who was referred to physiotherapy with complaints of weakness in left upper and lower extremities and inability to perform movements of left side. He had a sudden loss of power in the left side one day prior and was diagnosed with stroke along straightening of the dorso-lumbar spine and disc bulges at C2-C6, L4-S1 levels on X-ray and MRI scan. Physiotherapy rehabilitation was started with bed mobility and transfer activities with further progress to sitting and standing activity. As the transfers improved, we progressed to balance training, lower limb strengthening, and gait training in which task specific training was focused. Later, we concluded that balance and locomotor training has a great impact on functional recovery post-stroke.
20
Dale, E. A., F. Ben Mabrouk, and G. S. Mitchell. "Unexpected Benefits of Intermittent Hypoxia: Enhanced Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Motor Function." Physiology 29, no. 1 (January 2014): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00012.2013.
Full textAbstract:
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is most often thought of for its role in morbidity associated with sleep-disordered breathing, including central nervous system pathology. However, recent evidence suggests that the nervous system fights back in an attempt to minimize pathology by increasing the expression of growth/trophic factors that confer neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. For example, even modest (“low dose”) IH elicits respiratory motor plasticity, increasing the strength of respiratory contractions and breathing. These low IH doses upregulate hypoxia-sensitive growth/trophic factors within respiratory motoneurons but do not elicit detectable pathologies such as hippocampal cell death, neuroinflammation, or systemic hypertension. Recent advances have been made toward understanding cellular mechanisms giving rise to IH-induced respiratory plasticity, and attempts have been made to harness the benefits of low-dose IH to treat respiratory insufficiency after cervical spinal injury. Our recent realization that IH also upregulates growth/trophic factors in nonrespiratory motoneurons and improves limb (or leg) function after incomplete chronic spinal injuries suggests that IH-induced plasticity is a general feature of motor systems. Collectively, available evidence suggests that low-dose IH may represent a safe and effective treatment to restore lost motor function in diverse clinical disorders that impair motor function.
21
Jennett, Bryan. "Implants, Transplants and Artificial Organs: Technical Feasibility versus Social Desirability." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2, no. 3 (July 1986): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300002506.
Full textAbstract:
Substitution of lost anatomical structure or physiological function by various devices was one of the earliest technologies in medicine. The wooden leg, the spectacle lens, and the ear trumpet were antecedents of today's powered limb prostheses, pacemakers, valves, vessels, and hearts. Transplantation of tissues or organs from humans and animals represents a further step along the same path. The replacement of deficient organic chemicals such as insulin and coagulation factors might be considered as part of the same continuum. Such substitutes may be wholly external. These include the extension of extremities foreshortened by congenital or acquired abnormality and various communication aids that allow the transmission or reception of information. Replacing the chemical activity of the kidney by dialysis is another external device.
22
Bonkhoff, Anna K., Thomas Hope, Danilo Bzdok, Adrian G. Guggisberg, Rachel L. Hawe, Sean P. Dukelow, Anne K. Rehme, Gereon R. Fink, Christian Grefkes, and Howard Bowman. "Bringing proportional recovery into proportion: Bayesian modelling of post-stroke motor impairment." Brain 143, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 2189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa146.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Accurate predictions of motor impairment after stroke are of cardinal importance for the patient, clinician, and healthcare system. More than 10 years ago, the proportional recovery rule was introduced by promising that high-fidelity predictions of recovery following stroke were based only on the initially lost motor function, at least for a specific fraction of patients. However, emerging evidence suggests that this recovery rule is subject to various confounds and may apply less universally than previously assumed. Here, we systematically revisited stroke outcome predictions by applying strategies to avoid confounds and fitting hierarchical Bayesian models. We jointly analysed 385 post-stroke trajectories from six separate studies—one of the largest overall datasets of upper limb motor recovery. We addressed confounding ceiling effects by introducing a subset approach and ensured correct model estimation through synthetic data simulations. Subsequently, we used model comparisons to assess the underlying nature of recovery within our empirical recovery data. The first model comparison, relying on the conventional fraction of patients called ‘fitters’, pointed to a combination of proportional to lost function and constant recovery. ‘Proportional to lost’ here describes the original notion of proportionality, indicating greater recovery in case of a more severe initial impairment. This combination explained only 32% of the variance in recovery, which is in stark contrast to previous reports of >80%. When instead analysing the complete spectrum of subjects, ‘fitters’ and ‘non-fitters’, a combination of proportional to spared function and constant recovery was favoured, implying a more significant improvement in case of more preserved function. Explained variance was at 53%. Therefore, our quantitative findings suggest that motor recovery post-stroke may exhibit some characteristics of proportionality. However, the variance explained was substantially reduced compared to what has previously been reported. This finding motivates future research moving beyond solely behaviour scores to explain stroke recovery and establish robust and discriminating single-subject predictions.
23
Peng, Huiling, Carmen M. Cirstea, Christina L. Kaufman, and Scott H. Frey. "Microstructural integrity of corticospinal and medial lemniscus tracts: insights from diffusion tensor tractography of right-hand amputees." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00316.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Reductions in sensory and motor activity following unilateral upper limb amputation during adulthood are associated with widespread, activity-dependent reorganization of the gray matter and white matter through the central nervous system. Likewise, in cases of congenital limb absence there is evidence that limited afferent or efferent activity affects the structural integrity of white matter pathways serving the affected side. Evidence that the structural integrity of mature sensory and motor tracts controlling the lost upper limb exhibits similar activity dependence is, however, sparse and inconsistent. Here we used diffusion tensor tractography to test whether amputation of the dominant right hand during adulthood ( n = 16) alters the microstructural integrity of the major sensory (medial lemniscus, ML) and motor (corticospinal tract, CST) pathways controlling missing hand function. Consistent with prior findings, healthy control subjects ( n = 27) exhibited higher fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of white matter microstructural integrity, within dominant left CST and nondominant right ML. Critically, in contrast to what might be expected if the microstructural organization of these tracts is activity dependent, these asymmetries persisted in amputees. Moreover, we failed to detect any differences in dominant left ML or CST between healthy control subjects and amputees. Our results are consistent with these white matter tracts being robust to changes in activity once mature or that continued use of the residual limb (in a compensatory fashion or with prosthesis) provides stimulation sufficient to maintain tract integrity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that unilateral hand amputation in adults has no significant effects on the structure of major sensory or motor pathways contralateral to the amputation. Our results are consistent with the organization of these white matter tracts being robust to changes in activity once mature or that continued use of the residual limb (with or without a prosthesis) provides stimulation sufficient to maintain tract integrity.
24
Lamp, Gemma, Rosa Maria Sola Molina, Laila Hugrass, Russell Beaton, David Crewther, and Sheila Gillard Crewther. "Kinematic Studies of the Go/No-Go Task as a Dynamic Sensorimotor Inhibition Task for Assessment of Motor and Executive Function in Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Study in a Neurotypical Sample." Brain Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111581.
Full textAbstract:
Inhibition of reaching and grasping actions as an element of cognitive control and executive function is a vital component of sensorimotor behaviour that is often impaired in patients who have lost sensorimotor function following a stroke. To date, there are few kinematic studies detailing the fine spatial and temporal upper limb movements associated with the millisecond temporal trajectory of correct and incorrect responses to visually driven Go/No-Go reaching and grasping tasks. Therefore, we aimed to refine the behavioural measurement of correct and incorrect inhibitory motor responses in a Go/No-Go task for future quantification and personalized rehabilitation in older populations and those with acquired motor disorders, such as stroke. An exploratory study mapping the kinematic profiles of hand movements in neurotypical participants utilizing such a task was conducted using high-speed biological motion capture cameras, revealing both within and between subject differences in a sample of healthy participants. These kinematic profiles and differences are discussed in the context of better assessment of sensorimotor function impairment in stroke survivors.
25
Kaplunov, O. A., S. A. Demkin, K. F. Abdullaev, K. O. Kaplunov, and А. А. Malyakina. "Neglected injuries of the muscles of the upper arm and rotator cuff: a case of myofascial transposition." Genij Ortopedii 27, no. 6 (December 2021): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-6-808-812.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction A case of a successful surgical treatment of a neglected injury of the upper arm muscles and rotator cuff in a working-age man with a history of an episode of thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery is presented. The aim of this study was to demonstrate one of the approaches to surgical treatment of this pathology that resulted in the improvement of upper limb function and the quality of life of the patient. Material and methods A comprehensive study of the patient's outpatient and inpatient records, results of clinical, instrumental and laboratory methods, the types of intervention and rehabilitation along with medical prevention of thrombosis are described in detail. Results Eight months after the surgery, there was an improvement in the function of the right shoulder joint. The range of active motion significantly increased; the DASH score decreased from 136 to 52 points; pain decreased from 46 to 31 points according to VAS; the level of self-service significantly improved. Discussion Сombined techniques of preserved muscle transposition to replace the lost function of the damaged ones was a condition and a guarantee of the achieving significant progress in the anatomical and functional status of the patient. Nevertheless, a further search for more rational technologies for restorative reconstruction in the disorders under consideration seems appropriate. Conclusion A correctly chosen and based on clinical and instrumental data transposition of the tendons of the active muscles of the shoulder joint area to replace the lost shoulder antagonists provides improvement of the upper arm function and patients’ quality of life while the justified tactics of thromboprophylaxis allows control of hemostasis and absence of vascular failures.
26
Hwang, Seonhong, Jeong-Mee Park, and Youngho Kim. "Changes of gait characteristics in a child with femoral nerve injury: a 16-month follow-up case study." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 61, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2015-0153.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An 11-year-old child was able to walk independently even though he had injured his femoral nerve severely due to a penetrating wound in the medial thigh. In this study, gait analysis was conducted five times totally for 16 months to observe the characteristics of the gait parameters, which enabled him to walk independently. The cadence, walking speed, stride length, step length, stride time, step time, double limb support, and single limb support all improved after the third test (GA3). Insufficient knee flexion during the stance phase, that was the main problem of the subject, improved from 0.96° to the normal level of 17.01°. Although hip extension was also insufficient at the first test it subsequently improved and reached the normal range at the GA5. The peaks of the ground reaction force curve were low at the initial tests. However, these eventually improved and reached the reference values. The knee extensor moment during the stance phase increased markedly at the last test. Although the child lost his femoral nerve function, he was able to walk independently by compensating for the major function of the rectus femoris. In order to facilitate shock-absorption and move the feet forward, he reduced both gait speed and stride length, respectively. The results of this study are expected to provide insight into how clinicians set up their therapy goals, while considering compensations and changes over time.
27
Szabo, Dan Alexandru, Kata Peter, and Nicolae Neagu. "The Importance of Recovery Treatment in Patients With Algoneurodystrophy." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 67, no. 3 (November 20, 2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.67(3).21.
Full textAbstract:
"Introduction: AND (Algoneurodystrophy) is a neuropathic pain disease characterized by incapacitating pain, swelling, vasomotor instability, sudomotor abnormality, and impaired motor function. The pain is disproportionate to the severity of the tissue injury and lasts longer than the expected time for tissue repair. Material and method: The current study began with the idea that, in the case of algoneurodystrophy, patients in the experiment group would benefit from a considerably faster recovery in terms of mobility and coordination joints in hand and foot if a psychokinetic program, rather than only pharmacological treatment, was implemented. The program applied includes physiotherapy, massage, light range of motion of the affected limb, strengthening exercises, stress loading of the active part, if necessary, and ensuring adequate analgesia. As a result, this type of therapy encourages AND patients to use the affected limb in daily activities. Results: The experiment group followed the recovery protocol developed by us and achieved excellent results at the end of the week; the patients felt much better and were satisfied. The control group with drug treatment did not have a high degree of pain, but the joint mobility was affected, and the coordination did not improve much compared to the experiment group. After diagnosing algoneurodystrophy, immediate psychokinetic recovery is of considerable importance on the lost function of the hand and foot. Conclusion: The combination of kinetic treatment with physiotherapy next to drug treatment has beneficial effects on the recovery process in relieving pain and inflammation. Keywords: recovery treatment, kinesiotherapy, algoneurodystrophy "
28
Tsymbaliuk, V. I., S. S. Strafun, I. B. Tretiak, O. V. Borzykh, I. M. Kurinnyi, O. G. Gayko, V. V. Haiovych, O. V. Reznikov, and A. S. Lysak. "Multidisciplinary Consensus: Brachial Plexus Injuries. Basic Principles of Diagnostics and Treatment." Visnyk Ortopedii Travmatologii Protezuvannia, no. 1(104) (June 30, 2020): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37647/0132-2486-2020-104-1-118-122.
Full textAbstract:
Summary. Brachial plexus injuries is a severe and debilitating trauma characterized by gross impairment of upper extremity function. Mostly this is the trauma of young active people of working age, which often leads to significant loss of upper extremity function and disability of the patient. On October 10, 2019, at the XVIII Congress of Orthopedists Traumatologists of Ukraine held in Ivano-Frankivsk, a round table was held on the basic issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with brachial plexus injuries, and a multidisciplinary consensus was adopted on the basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of brachial plexus injuries. During the round table, the issues of determining risk groups for brachial plexus injury (patients with polytrauma, road trafic accident, patients with injuries of the shoulder girdle area, dislocations of the shoulder, open lesions of the shoulder girdle and subclavian area, patients with atypical pain in the shoulder, patients that lost upper extremity function after surgery in the supraclavicular and subclavian area, neck, mastectomy, radiation therapy) and the protocol of clinical examination of patients (which must include the possibility of active movements in the joints of the upper limb and stabilization of the scapula; it is obligatory to determine the strength of the muscles of the affected limb in comparison with the healthy one, to determine sensitivity in the corresponding areas of autonomous innervation of the roots; also it is important to determine Horner syndrome) were discussed. Also, the place and time of additional diagnostics methods (emergency ultrasound and radiography, after 3 weeks – needle and stimulation electroneuromyography (ENMG), MRI of the brachial plexus or cervical spine, CT myelography) and an algorithm for the supervision of patients with a brachial plexus injury were adopted; the centers of brachial plexus surgery were specified. All this later formed the basis of multidisciplinary consensus.
29
Bouteraa, Yassine, Ismail Ben Abdallah, and Ahmed Elmogy. "Design and control of an exoskeleton robot with EMG-driven electrical stimulation for upper limb rehabilitation." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2020-0041.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design and develop a new robotic device for the rehabilitation of the upper limbs. The authors are focusing on a new symmetrical robot which can be used to rehabilitate the right upper limb and the left upper limb. The robotic arm can be automatically extended or reduced depending on the measurements of the patient's arm. The main idea is to integrate electrical stimulation into motor rehabilitation by robot. The goal is to provide automatic electrical stimulation based on muscle status during the rehabilitation process. Design/methodology/approach The developed robotic arm can be automatically extended or reduced depending on the measurements of the patient's arm. The system merges two rehabilitation strategies: motor rehabilitation and electrical stimulation. The goal is to take the advantages of both approaches. Electrical stimulation is often used for building muscle through endurance, resistance and strength exercises. However, in the proposed approach the electrical stimulation is used for recovery, relaxation and pain relief. In addition, the device includes an electromyography (EMG) muscle sensor that records muscle activity in real time. The control architecture provides the ability to automatically activate the appropriate stimulation mode based on the acquired EMG signal. The system software provides two modes for stimulation activation: the manual preset mode and the EMG driven mode. The program ensures traceability and provides the ability to issue a patient status monitoring report. Findings The developed robotic device is symmetrical and reconfigurable. The presented rehabilitation system includes a muscle stimulator associated with the robot to improve the quality of the rehabilitation process. The integration of neuromuscular electrical stimulation into the physical rehabilitation process offers effective rehabilitation sessions for neuromuscular recovery of the upper limb. A laboratory-made stimulator is developed to generate three modes of stimulation: pain relief, massage and relaxation. Through the control software interface, the physiotherapist can set the exercise movement parameters, define the stimulation mode and record the patient training in real time. Research limitations/implications There are certain constraints when applying the proposed method, such as the sensitivity of the acquired EMG signals. This involves the use of professional equipment and mainly the implementation of sophisticated algorithms for signal extraction. Practical implications Functional electrical stimulation and robot-based motor rehabilitation are the most important technologies applied in post-stroke rehabilitation. The main objective of integrating robots into the rehabilitation process is to compensate for the functions lost in people with physical disabilities. The stimulation technique can be used for recovery, relaxation and drainage and pain relief. In this context, the idea is to integrate electrical stimulation into motor rehabilitation based on a robot to obtain the advantages of the two approaches to further improve the rehabilitation process. The introduction of this type of robot also makes it possible to develop new exciting assistance devices. Originality/value The proposed design is symmetrical, reconfigurable and light, covering all the joints of the upper limbs and their movements. In addition, the developed platform is inexpensive and a portable solution based on open source hardware platforms which opens the way to more extensions and developments. Electrical stimulation is often used to improve motor function and restore loss of function. However, the main objective behind the proposed stimulation in this paper is to recover after effort. The novelty of the proposed solution is to integrate the electrical stimulation powered by EMG in robotic rehabilitation.
30
Kim, JaYoung, Dae Yul Kim, Min Ho Chun, Seong Woo Kim, Ha Ra Jeon, Chang Ho Hwang, Jong Kyoung Choi, and Suhwan Bae. "Effects of robot-(Morning Walk®) assisted gait training for patients after stroke: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518806563.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To investigate the effects of Morning Walk®–assisted gait training for patients with stroke. Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Setting: Three hospital rehabilitation departments (two tertiary and one secondary). Patients: We enrolled 58 patients with hemiparesis following a first-time stroke within the preceding year and with Functional Ambulation Category scores ⩾2. Intervention: The patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 30 minutes of training with Morning Walk®, a lower limb rehabilitation robot, plus 1 hour of conventional physiotherapy (Morning Walk® group; n = 28); or 1.5 hour of conventional physiotherapy (control group; n = 30). All received treatment five times per week for three weeks. Main outcome measurements: The primary outcomes were walking ability, assessed using the Functional Ambulation Category scale, and lower limb function, assessed using the Motricity Index-Lower. Secondary outcomes included the 10 Meter Walk Test, Modified Barthel Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, and Berg Balance Scale scores. Results: A total of 10 patients were lost to follow-up, leaving a cohort of 48 for the final analyses. After training, all outcome measures significantly improved in both groups. In Motricity Index-Lower of the affected limb, the Morning Walk® group (∆mean ± SD; 19.68 ± 14.06) showed greater improvement ( p = .034) than the control group (∆mean ± SD; 11.70 ± 10.65). And Berg Balance Scale scores improved more ( p = .047) in the Morning Walk® group (∆mean ± SD; 14.36 ± 9.01) than the control group (∆mean ± SD; 9.65 ± 8.14). Conclusion: Compared with conventional physiotherapy alone, our results suggest that voluntary strength and balance of stroke patients with hemiparesis might be improved with Morning Walk®–assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy.
31
Dąbrowski, Mikołaj, Katarzyna Łysakowska, Adam Gramala, and Łukasz Kubaszewski. "Clinical and Demographic Factors Influencing the Asymmetry of Gait in Lower-Limb Prosthetic Users." Symmetry 14, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14091910.
Full textAbstract:
(1) Background: A lower limb prosthesis replaces a lost body part with a differential representation of gait function and its symmetry. Many physical, personal, and specific factors in amputees influence gait asymmetry. The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the asymmetry of gait in amputated patients. (2) Methods: The study group consisted of 12 people. Gait quality was assessed using the MoCap OptiTrack® Motion Capture System and the results were correlated with demographic factors (age, gender), morphological features (height, weight), amputation-related factors (cause and side of amputation, prosthesis time, and prosthesis fixation), and ailment pain. The control group consisted of 12 people. (3) Results: In the study group, a positive correlation between the mean walking speed and height in the study group was demonstrated, as well as a positive correlation between the difference in ROM and height, and a negative correlation between the mean walking speed and age. A negative correlation between the difference in ROM and age was found in both groups. A positive correlation was found between the width of the support and the weight in the control group. No other statistical relationship with the parameters describing gait asymmetry was found. (4) Conclusions: Statistical analysis showed that mean walking speed and ROM difference in the study group were positively related to height and negatively to age. No other statistical relationship with the parameters describing gait asymmetry was found.
32
Nithyaa, A. N., R. Premkumar, M. Gokul, and C. Geetha Aanandhi. "EMG based Exoskeleton for Left Hemiplegia patients." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 05 (May 22, 2021): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05171.
Full textAbstract:
Paralysis is a condition in which the muscle function is lost in a part of the body. Paralysis is mainly caused as a result of severe stroke, where in the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off. Hemiplegiais a type of paralysis which affects half of the body includes one arm and one leg on the same side of the body. The case of left Hemiplegia is taken into account, which is caused by the absence of blood supply to the righthemisphere of the brain. Stationary systems like Lokomat, used in the rehabilitation centres to assist training, provide highly repetitive action and just assistance to the patient’s capabilities while walking on a treadmill. However these systems are not portable and cannot be used for home or daily activities. To overcome this, this paper presents the rehabilitation system, which comprises of an exoskeleton that aids the movement of the left upper limb. The entire system is driven by a motor through a microcontroller system which assists patient’s flexion and extension movements. Meanwhile, EMG signal can be recorded by placing surface electrodes to know the recovery of physiological motor function.
33
Nithyaa, A. N., R. Premkumar, M. Gokul, and C. Geetha Aanandhi. "EMG based Exoskeleton for Left Hemiplegia patients." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 05 (May 22, 2021): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05173.
Full textAbstract:
Paralysis is a condition in which the muscle function is lost in a part of the body. Paralysis is mainly caused as a result of severe stroke, where in the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off. Hemiplegiais a type of paralysis which affects half of the body includes one arm and one leg on the same side of the body. The case of left Hemiplegia is taken into account, which is caused by the absence of blood supply to the righthemisphere of the brain. Stationary systems like Lokomat, used in the rehabilitation centres to assist training, provide highly repetitive action and just assistance to the patient’s capabilities while walking on a treadmill. However these systems are not portable and cannot be used for home or daily activities. To overcome this, this paper presents the rehabilitation system, which comprises of an exoskeleton that aids the movement of the left upper limb. The entire system is driven by a motor through a microcontroller system which assists patient’s flexion and extension movements. Meanwhile, EMG signal can be recorded by placing surface electrodes to know the recovery of physiological motor function.
34
Seo, Cheong Hoon, and So Young Joo. "792 Exoskeleton Robot Using 3-Dimensional Modeling in Burn Patient." Journal of Burn Care & Research 43, Supplement_1 (March 23, 2022): S202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac012.342.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Hands are the part of the body that are most commonly involved in burns, and the main complications are finger joint contractures and nerve injuries. Hypertrophic scarring cannot be avoided despite early management of acute hand burn injuries, and some patients may need application of an exoskeleton robot to restore hand function. To do this, it is essential to individualize the customization of the robot for each patient. Three-dimensional (3D) technology, which is widely used in the field of implants, anatomical models, and tissue fabrication, makes this goal achievable. Methods Therefore, this report is a study on the usefulness of an exoskeleton robot using 3D technology for patients who lost bilateral hand function due to burn injury. Five burn patients with upper limb dysfunction after a flame and chemical burn injury, with resultant impairment of manual physical abilities. Results After wearing an exoskeleton robot made using 3D printing technology, the patients could handle objects effectively and satisfactorily. Conclusions This innovative approach provided considerable advantages in terms of customization of size and reduction in manufacturing time and costs, thereby showing great potential for use in patients with hand dysfunction after burn injury.
35
Consigliere, P., J. Tyler, D. Tennent, and E. Pearse. "Symptomatic malunion after midshaft clavicle fracture in an adolescent patient: a case report of surgical deformity correction using a 3D printed model." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 102, no. 6 (July 2020): e126-e129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2020.0046.
Full textAbstract:
A 14-year-old boy underwent surgery for symptomatic malunion of the clavicle. This complication, which is uncommon in adults and adolescents, occurred after a displaced midshaft clavicle fracture that had been treated conservatively. Surgery may be considered if functional impairment, pain, weakness, fatigability and neurological symptoms persist in the presence of significant clavicular deformity. Our case was unusual because the patient had a symptomatic malunion and lost range of movement of his shoulder despite a minor degree of clavicular shortening. We adopted an approach used in lower limb deformity correction but not described for the clavicle in which corrective osteotomy was planned and practised using a three-dimensional printed model of the malunited clavicle. A three-dimensional printed model of the mirror image of the opposite clavicle served as a template of normal. Three-dimensional models were printed from the computed tomography data. The patient’s symptoms resolved and he recovered full range of movement and shoulder function following the corrective osteotomy.
36
Babu, R. Dhanush, Mahesh Veezhinathan, Dhanalakshmi Munirathnam, and V. Aishwarya. "Generation of Pulse Sequence Using EMG Signals for Application in Transfemoral Prosthesis." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1272, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1272/1/012013.
Full textAbstract:
The percentage of people having a lower leg amputation is high, and the incidence of unemployment among these amputees is likewise rising. Hence, it requires the intervention of an innovative solution to serve the function of a lost limb. Electromyogram (EMG) signals is a result of the potential generated by muscles during contraction. In this work, an attempt has been made to extract EMG signals from four set of muscle groups and the acquired signals were pre-processed and transformed to pulses to extract the contraction phase of the signal. Furthermore, the processed signals were subject to feature extraction process where in the Mean Absolute Value (MAV), Integrated EMG Feature (IEMG) and various statistical parameters associated with the signal such as the mean, median, standard deviation, variance, kurtosis, skewness was calculated in order to serve as an input to drive the stepper motor of a transfemoral prosthesis. To promote real time acquisition and control, a transfemoral socket with an ischial containment has been designed.
37
Bonvalot, Sylvie, Piotr Rutkowski, Juliette Thariat, Sebastien Carrère, Anne Ducassou, Sunyach Marie, Peter Agoston, et al. "Long-term evaluation of the novel radioenhancer NBTXR3 plus radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma treated in the phase II/III Act.In.Sarc trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 11544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11544.
Full textAbstract:
11544 Background: NBTXR3, a novel radioenhancer activated by radiotherapy (RT) demonstrated superior efficacy, as preoperative treatment, in patients with locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma (LA STS), compared to RT alone. Primary endpoint of pCR rate was 16% vs 8% (p=0.044) and R0 margin rate was 77% vs 64% (p=0.042) (Bonvalot et al. Lancet Oncol. 2019). No modification of the early safety profile of RT was observed, leading to market authorization. Here we report on the long-term safety, limb function and quality of life. Methods: This phase II/III randomized (1:1), international trial included adult patients with LA STS of the extremity or trunk wall, requiring preoperative RT (NCT02379845). Patients were treated with either a single intratumoral injection of NBTXR3 (volume equivalent to 10% of tumor volume, at 53.3g/L) plus EBRT (arm A), or EBRT alone (arm B) (50 Gy in 25 fractions), followed by surgery. The primary and main secondary efficacy endpoints were previously reported. Safety of NBTXR3+RT, as preoperative treatment, was evaluated as secondary endpoint. We present the safety analyses done in the “all treated population”, with data recorded during at least a two-year follow-up. Important parameters related to HR-QoL, including functional outcome were studied using the EQ-5D, RNLI, TESS and MSTS questionnaires. Results: Patients had at least two-year follow-up and the lost to follow-up rate was very low (1.9%). RT-related SAEs were observed in 11.2% (10/89) vs 13.3% (12/90) in A vs B. Post-treatment AEs, any grade, were observed in 51.7% (46/89) vs 57.8% (52/90) and serious post-treatment AEs in 13.5% (12/89) vs 24.4% (22/90) of patients in A vs B. Second primary cancer was observed in 1 patient in arm A and 6 patients in arm B. Long-term safety continues to demonstrate that NBTXR3 plus RT has no impact on post-surgical wound complications (24.7% vs 36.7%, A vs B). Furthermore, the evaluation of radiation late toxicities in limbs such as fibrosis (4.5% vs 7.7%), arthrosis (2.2% vs 0.0%) and edema (6.7% vs 2.2%) that may alter limb function showed no difference between arms. Accordingly, HR-QoL evaluation yielded no difference in functional outcome. In addition, the intratumoral injection of NBTXR3 did not induce cancer cell seeding at the former tumor site. Finally, sequelae or chronic tissue disturbances at the former tumor localization were similar in both treatment arms, confirming that the increase of energy dose deposit and the physical presence of NBTXR3 did not impact post-treatment limb functions. Conclusions: The long-term safety results demonstrate that the addition of NBTXR3 to EBRT neither added toxicity nor modified the bystander effect of RT. The results presented here associated with the efficacy data reported previously reinforce the favorable benefit-risk ratio of the use of NBTXR3 in patients with LA STS. Clinical trial information: NCT02379845.
38
Gardenier, Jason, Rohit Garg, and Chaitanya Mudgal. "Upper Extremity Tendon Transfers: A Brief Review of History, Common Applications, and Technical Tips." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 53, no. 02 (August 2020): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716456.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Tendon transfer in the upper extremity represents a powerful tool in the armamentarium of a reconstructive surgeon in the setting of irreparable nerve injury or the anatomic loss of key portions of the muscle-tendon unit. The concept uses the redundancy/expendability of tendons by utilizing a nonessential tendon to restore the function of a lost or nonfunctional muscle-tendon unit of the upper extremity. This article does not aim to perform a comprehensive review of tendon transfers. Instead it is meant to familiarize the reader with salient historical features, common applications in the upper limb, and provide the reader with some technical tips, which may facilitate a successful tendon transfer. Learning Objectives (1) Familiarize the reader with some aspects of tendon transfer history. (2) Identify principles of tendon transfers. (3) Identify important preoperative considerations. (4) Understand the physiology of the muscle-tendon unit and the Blix curve. (5) Identify strategies for setting tension during a tendon transfer and rehabilitation strategies. Design This study was designed to review the relevant current literature and provide an expert opinion. Conclusions Tendon transfers have evolved from polio to tetraplegia to war and represent an extremely powerful technique to correct neurologic and musculotendinous deficits in a variety of patients affected by trauma, peripheral nerve palsies, cerebral palsy, stroke, and inflammatory arthritis. In the contemporary setting, these very same principles have also been very successfully applied to vascularized composite allotransplantation in the upper limb.
39
Hameed, Mohammed Ismael, Ahmed Abdul Hussein Ali, and Mohammed S. Saleh. "Design and kinematic investigation of an actuated prosthetic ankle during walking." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 7 (119) (October 31, 2022): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.265736.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the varied needs of persons who have lost a lower limb in their everyday lives, ankle-foot prosthetic technology is continually evolving. Numerous prosthetic ankles have been created in recent years to restore the ankle function of lower limb amputees. Most ankle foot prostheses, on the other hand, are passive, such as the solid ankle cushion heel and the energy storage and release foot (ESAR). The solid ankle foot can only provide steady vertical support during ambulation; however, the ESAR foot can store energy and gradually release it throughout human walking periods, hence increasing the walking pace of amputees. The aim of this work is to describe the design and manufacture of an actuated ankle-foot prosthesis. The main benefit of powered ankles is that they are capable of mimicking natural stride, particularly in steep or uneven terrain conditions. The primary objective is to establish two degrees of freedom of ankle rotation in two planes, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion in the sagittal plane, besides inversion and eversion in the frontal plane. As software can improve the gait stability, an automatic modifiable transmission arrangement was prepared for delivering the current design motions in the sagittal plane based on empirical collected biomechanical data related to passive prosthetic normal gait circumstances. However, the ankle rolling in the frontal plane was guided mechanically by means of mono leaf spring. The majority of the ankle mechanical components are made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy and are integrated onto ESAR carbon fiber laminated foot. For a unilateral above-knee amputee, the ankle function at self-selected walking was assessed, achieving maximum results of 10° inversion, 10° eversion, 12° plantar flexion and 18° dorsiflexion ankle angles. Also, the patient gait experiment in a normal cadence showed an improvement in plantar flexion behavior for the powered ankle in contrast with the passive ankle
40
Kaissling, B., S. Bachmann, and W. Kriz. "Structural adaptation of the distal convoluted tubule to prolonged furosemide treatment." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 248, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): F374—F381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1985.248.3.f374.
Full textAbstract:
Rats were treated with furosemide, continuously applied by implanted minipumps, for 6 days. As compensation for the salt lost with the urine the animals drank large amounts of a salt solution ad libitum. This procedure resulted in an enlargement of kidney cortex. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed a proliferation of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The proportion of the DCT in the cortical tissue increased from 5.98 +/- 1.3% in controls to 9.54 +/- 1.7% (P less than 0.01) in treated rats. Basolateral cell membrane amplification in DCT cells increased from 17.33 +/- 2.9 to 38.24 +/- 5.8 (P less than 0.0001) in treated rats, while luminal membrane area per unit tubular length did not change. The structural changes after furosemide treatment in the DCT suggest an increase in active transcellular transport capacity of this segment. It is assumed that the chronically altered Na load of the tubular fluid (due to transport inhibition in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop) delivered to the DCT may specifically stimulate the transport capacity of this segment by augmentation of basolateral cell membrane area. The changes occurring in the segment situated downstream to the one in which the function is impaired by furosemide emphasize the role of tubular fluid composition in the regulation of transport function.
41
Dolezal, Darin, Zhiyan Liu, Qingxiang Zhou, and Francesca Pignoni. "Fly LMBR1/LIMR-type protein Lilipod promotes germ-line stem cell self-renewal by enhancing BMP signaling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 45 (October 28, 2015): 13928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509856112.
Full textAbstract:
Limb development membrane protein-1 (LMBR1)/lipocalin-interacting membrane receptor (LIMR)-type proteins are putative nine-transmembrane receptors that are evolutionarily conserved across metazoans. However, their biological function is unknown. Here, we show that the fly family member Lilipod (Lili) is required for germ-line stem cell (GSC) self-renewal in the Drosophila ovary where it enhances bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. lili mutant GSCs are lost through differentiation, and display reduced levels of the Dpp transducer pMad and precocious activation of the master differentiation factor bam. Conversely, overexpressed Lili induces supernumerary pMad-positive bamP-GFP–negative GSCs. Interestingly, differentiation of lili mutant GSCs is bam-dependent; however, its effect on pMad is not. Thus, although it promotes stem cell self-renewal by repressing a bam-dependent process, Lilipod enhances transduction of the Dpp signal independently of its suppression of differentiation. In addition, because Lili is still required by a ligand-independent BMP receptor, its function likely occurs between receptor activation and pMad phosphorylation within the signaling cascade. This first, to our knowledge, in vivo characterization of a LMBR1/LIMR-type protein in a genetic model reveals an important role in modulating BMP signaling during the asymmetric division of an adult stem cell population and in other BMP signaling contexts.
42
Yiİĝiİter, K., Ö. Ülger, G. Şener, S. Akdoğan, F. Erbahçecî, and K. Bayar. "Demography and Function of Children with Limb Loss." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 29, no. 2 (August 2005): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640500199703.
Full textAbstract:
This retrospective study was designed for the period 1982 – 2002 to collect the basic data on the demography, level and side of the amputation, involved limbs, age, gender, and prosthetic functional level in children with limb loss. A total of 232 children were assessed through their prosthetic records. Seventy-two percent (195 children) presented lower-limb involvement, and 28% (77 children) had upper-limb loss. The age of the children varied between 1 and 15 years with a mean age of 9.90 ± 2.32 years. Results of the study revealed that the leading amputation cause in children was congenital limb absence. The most frequent levels were determined as trans-tibial and trans-radial in lower and upper limbs, respectively. Findings showed that more boys (60%) were affected, and 84% of all amputations were found to be unilateral. It was also seen that right-side amputations (54%) were more common than left-side amputations (46%). The outcome of the study showed that 96% of children with lower-limb loss reached a functional gait pattern without any aids, while the percentage of independence in activities of daily living was found to be 88% in upper-limb loss.
43
Haroon, Kaisar, Tania Taher, Shafiul Alam, Abdullah Alamgir, Md Arif Reza, and Sk Sader Hossain. "Nerve Anastomosis-our Experience of Thirteen Cases." Bangladesh Journal of Neurosurgery 9, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjns.v9i1.42922.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Peripheral nerve injury is a common condition. Though it is not life threatening, it may cause disability to a person. In this study we have analysed our experience of anastomosis of injured nerves. Materials and methods: This is an observational study that was done within a period from January 2014 to December 2018. 13 patients with injury to the nerves were operated upon. There were 11 male and 2 female patients. All patients were followed up in OPD upto one and half years. 5 patients were lost from follow up, of these, two were female. Results: After surgery, touch returned in 5 patients. Of motor function,there was no improvement in 1 patient, grade 1 in 1 patient, grade 2 in 4 patients and grade 3 in 3 patients. Those who came earlier had better outcome, so had those with small injury and distal to the limb. Conclusion: peripheral nerve injury has to be repaired as soon as possible. The sooner it can be done the better will be the outcome.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 33-38
44
Shen, Ying, Lan Chen, Li Zhang, Shugang Hu, Bin Su, Huaide Qiu, Xingjun Xu, et al. "Effectiveness of a Novel Contralaterally Controlled Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Restoring Lower Limb Motor Performance and Activities of Daily Living in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Neural Plasticity 2022 (January 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5771634.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Contralaterally controlled neuromuscular electrical stimulation (CCNMES) is a novel electrical stimulation treatment for stroke; however, reports on the efficacy of CCNMES on lower extremity function after stroke are scarce. Objective. To compare the effects of CCNMES versus NMES on lower extremity function and activities of daily living (ADL) in subacute stroke patients. Methods. Forty-four patients with a history of subacute stroke were randomly assigned to a CCNMES group and a NMES group ( n = 22 per group). Twenty-one patients in each group completed the study per protocol, with one subject lost in follow-up in each group. The CCNMES group received CCNMES to the tibialis anterior (TA) and the peroneus longus and brevis muscles to induce ankle dorsiflexion motion, whereas the NMES group received NMES. The stimulus current was a biphasic waveform with a pulse duration of 200 μs and a frequency of 60 Hz. Patients in both groups underwent five 15 min sessions of electrical stimulation per week for three weeks. Indicators of motor function and ADL were measured pre- and posttreatment, including the Fugl–Meyer assessment of the lower extremity (FMA-LE) and modified Barthel index (MBI). Surface electromyography (sEMG) assessments included average electromyography (aEMG), integrated electromyography (iEMG), and root mean square (RMS) of the paretic TA muscle. Results. Values for the FMA-LE, MBI, aEMG, iEMG, and RMS of the affected TA muscle were significantly increased in both groups after treatment ( p < 0.01 ). Patients in the CCNMES group showed significant improvements in all the measurements compared with the NMES group after treatment. Within-group differences in all post- and pretreatment indicators were significantly greater in the CCNMES group than in the NMES group ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. CCNMES improved motor function and ADL ability to a greater extent than the conventional NMES in subacute stroke patients.
45
Siqueira, Mario G., and Roberto S. Martins. "PHRENIC NERVE TRANSFER IN THE RESTORATION OF ELBOW FLEXION IN BRACHIAL PLEXUS AVULSION INJURIES." Neurosurgery 65, suppl_4 (October 1, 2009): A125—A131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000338865.19411.7f.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract OBJECTIVE Phrenic nerve transfer has been used for treating lesions of the brachial plexus since 1970. Although, today, surgeons are more experienced with the technique, there are still widespread concerns about its effects on pulmonary function. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this procedure. METHODS Fourteen patients with complete palsy of the upper limb were submitted to phrenic nerve transfer as part of a strategy for surgical reconstruction of their plexuses. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and 2 patients were followed for less than 2 years. Of the remaining 10 patients, 9 (90%) were male. The lesions affected both sides equally. The mean age of the patients was 24.8 years (range, 14–43 years), and the mean interval from injury to surgery was 6 months (range, 3–9 months). The phrenic nerve was always transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve, and a nerve graft (mean length, 8 cm; range, 4.5–12 cm) was necessary in all cases. RESULTS There was no major complication related to the surgery. Seven patients (70%) recovered functional level biceps strength (Medical Research Council grade ≥3). All of the patients exhibited a transient decrease in pulmonary function tests, but without clinical respiratory problems. CONCLUSION On the basis of our small series and data from the literature, we conclude that phrenic nerve transfer in well-selected patients is a safe and effective procedure for recovering biceps function.
46
Whittemore, C. T., D. M. Green, J. D. Wood, A. V. Fisher, and C. P. Schofield. "Physical and chemical composition of the carcass of three different types of pigs grown from 25 to 115 kg live weight." Animal Science 77, no. 2 (October 2003): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058975.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA total of 74 pigs representing three commercially available crossbred types, Landrace (50%), Pietrain (50%) and Meishan (25%), were given food ad libitum over a 25- to 115-kg growth period and serially slaughtered for physical and chemical analysis in five groups at 32, 42, 63, 82 and 114 kg live weight (W). Results are presented in the order of pig type as above. Pig types grew at similar overall rates of live body gain, but the Meishan type ate more food and had greater back fat depth. The Pietrain type was least fat. Dissected fatty tissue grew substantially faster than the carcass as a whole; allometric exponents being 1·64, 1·34 and 1·52 (P < 0·05) for the Landrace, Pietrain and Meishan types respectively. Dissected lean tissue gains were 0·419, 0·427 and 0·308 kg daily (P < 0·01), and dissected fatty tissue gains were 0·251, 0·158 and 0·218 kg daily (P < 0·05); the Meishan type being slowest for lean gain and the Pietrain type slowest for fatty tissue gain. The Pietrain type had the largest cross-sectional area of the longissimus dorsi muscle, and the Meishan type the smallest. The pelvic limb of the Meishan type lost density (as measured by specific gravity) fastest, and that of the Pietrain slowest as the pigs grew. The Meishan type had a lower proportion of its carcass lean and a higher proportion of its carcass fat in the pelvic limb than did the other two types. For each kg of live-weight gain, 0·037, 0·041 and 0·032 kg (P < 0·05) of chemical protein was deposited in the pelvic limb of the three types respectively. Equivalent values for chemical lipid were 0·041, 0·035 and 0·041 (P < 0·05). The Meishan type retained protein at a relatively slower rate in the pelvic limb than in the body as a whole. The Pietrain type had the greatest ultimate protein mass in the pelvic limb. Estimation of whole body protein content as a linear function of pig live weight gives coefficients of 0·154, 0·178 and 0·168 kg (P < 0·05) for the three types respectively. Equivalent values for whole body lipid content were 0·269, 0·214 and 0·274 (P < 0·05). Best estimates of the daily rates of protein retention in the body of the whole live pig were 0·152, 0·197 and 0·142 kg/day for the Landrace, Pietrain and Meishan types respectively.
47
Spark, J. I., I. C. Chetter, R. C. Kester, and D. J. A. Scott. "How Effective is Acute Normovolaemic Haemodilution in Femoro-Distal Bypass Surgery?" Cardiovascular Surgery 10, no. 5 (October 2002): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096721090201000503.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Recent guidelines have emphasised the use of autologous blood in the surgical setting. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy and efficiency of acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH) as a blood conservation intervention in patients undergoing elective femoro-distal surgery for critical limb ischaemia. Methods: Forty patients were studied prospectively. The volume of the blood collected was derived as follows: Blood volume removed = patient's blood volume (initial haematocrit - final haematocrit/average haematocrit) where final haematocrit is 30% and patient's blood volume is 70 and 65 ml/kg for a man and a woman, respectively. Results: Twenty-five patients were suitable for ANH and 15 patients were excluded because of poor ventricular function, anaemia or renal disease. Nine of the 25 patients (44%) had < 500ml of surgical blood loss and would have avoided homologous blood transfusion (HBT). Four of the patients lost >2000ml of blood and could not avoid HBT through ANH. Twelve patients had moderate blood loss (950–1400 ml), with eight of these patients requiring transfusion. Four patients avoided exposure to homologous blood. Conclusion: ANH is in evolution and as a single blood conservation intervention, contributes only modestly to blood conservation.
48
Shang, Yinhang. "EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON METABOLISM AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF OBESE FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 5 (October 2022): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228052021_0525.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effects of aerobic exercise on the metabolism and physical health of obese college students. Methods: 219 obese college students of different stages were selected by stratified group sampling according to colleges and grades. The effects on physical indices of obese female college students were analyzed by the two-factor variation method after 32 weeks of aerobic exercise training. Results: The experimental group and the control group were significantly improved, and long-term aerobic prescription training was more effective than special education in changing the physical health of obese female college students. After 32 weeks of extreme weight loss training, in the statistical process of 219 valid data, 188 people were found to have lost weight, with the most significant drop reaching 8 kg; BMI decreased in 193 people, and body fat content decreased in 172 people. After 12 weeks of aerobic exercise, the level of cardiopulmonary function of female college students increased. The aerobic exercise prescription designed by the experiment can improve upper and lower limb strength, body flexibility, abdominal muscle strength, and lung function of female college students, which cannot be achieved by diet control alone. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise prescription is an effective means to improve the effect of cardiopulmonary exercise on female college students, and can stimulate the students’ enthusiasm and initiative to exercise independently. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results
49
Palmqvist, Paul, and Alfonso Arribas. "Taphonomic decoding of the paleobiological information locked in a lower Pleistocene assemblage of large mammals." Paleobiology 27, no. 3 (2001): 512–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0512:tdotpi>2.0.co;2.
Full textAbstract:
The processes of fossilization have usually been perceived by paleontologists as destructive ones, leading to consecutive (and in most cases irretrievable) losses of paleobiological information. However, recent developments of conceptual issues and methodological approaches have revealed that the decrease in paleobiological information runs parallel to the gain of taphonomic information. This taphonomic imprinting often makes it possible to decode the fraction of paleobiological information that was lost during fossilization, and may also contribute new data for deciphering paleobiological information that was not originally preserved in the assemblage, such as paleoethology. A good example is the study of the macrovertebrate assemblage from the lower Pleistocene site at Venta Micena (Orce, southeastern Spain). Taphonomic analysis showed that the giant, short-faced hyenas (Pachycrocuta brevirostris) selectively transported ungulate carcasses and body parts to their maternity dens as a function of the mass of the ungulates scavenged. The fracturing of major limb bones in the dens was also highly selective, correlating with marrow content and mineral density. Important differences in bone-cracking intensity were related to which species the bones came from, which in turn biased the composition of the bone assemblage. The analysis of mortality patterns deduced for ungulate species from juvenile/adult proportions revealed that most skeletal remains were scavenged by the hyenas from carcasses of animals hunted by hypercarnivores, such as saber-tooths and wild dogs. Analytical study of the Venta Micena assemblage has unlocked paleobiological information that was lost during its taphonomic history, and has even provided paleobiological information that was not preserved in the original bone assemblage, such as the paleoethology of P. brevirostris, which differed substantially from modern hyenas in being a strict scavenger of the prey hunted by other carnivores.
50
Fownes, James H., Robin A. Harrington, and Darrell A. Herbert. "673 Resistance and Resilience of Native Forests to Disturbance by Hurricane Iniki." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 564C—564. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.564c.
Full textAbstract:
Two studies were established in upland native forest of northwestern Kauai before Hurricane Iniki (Sept. 1992). One study was a gradient study in Acacia koa forest in the leeward rain shadow and the second study was a replicated fertilization experiment in mesic Metrosideros polymorpha forest. Both studies escaped devastation by high-intensity microbursts. Removal of LAI (from 3% to 80%) was proportional to pre-hurricane LAI, suggesting that resistance to damage was higher in low LAI, low-productivity sites. LAI recovered to prehurricane levels within 2 years, except in plots with major limb and stem loss. In the Acacia forest, damage to overstory trees was less than to understory trees, whereas in Metrosideros forest, larger trees were more damaged than smaller trees. During 2 years of recovery, both forests lost LAI in winter storms nearly equivalent to the hurricane damage. Disturbance is more frequent than previously known, which suggests that chronic disturbance needs to be better understood as a force regulating ecosystem structure and function. In both studies, the relative rate of recovery was faster in the more productive but more disturbed plots, suggesting that ecosystem resistance and resilience were traded off. These results have application to land use planning, agroforestry systems management, and other perennial crop management decisions following damage by a tropical cyclone.