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1
Frennert, Susanne. "Lost in digitalization? Municipality employment of welfare technologies." Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 14, no. 6 (September 28, 2018): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2018.1496362.
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Ibama, Brown, and Dapa Idaminabo Nengi. "The boom, the blunder and the brunt of Wetlands conversion and urbanisation in Port Harcourt Municipality." International Journal of Hydrology 4, no. 5 (October 12, 2020): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00251.
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Port Harcourt municipality as a developing city has over the years been inundated with rapid urbanisation and continuous city expansion. This development has led to an increasing demand for more land to cope with such pace of transformation. Land as a natural resource is finite, yet the demand for more land is unlimited. Based on this increasing demand for land for infrastructural, commercial, residential, institutional and industrial services, government, individuals and communities alike have resort to the reclamation and conversion of available wetlands within the Port Harcourt municipality. This study sets out to identify the boom, the blunder and the brunt of wetlands reclamation and conversion within Port Harcourt Municipality; with specific objectives to ascertain the nature of spatial expansion within the wetland areas in Port Harcourt municipality; identify the extent to which urban growth has affected land use in the wetland areas within Port Harcourt municipality; and to establish the boom, blunder and the brunt of wetland depletion and conversion for urban land uses within the Port Harcourt municipality. The study adopts a quasi-experimental research design, it involves the gathering of retrospective data from various sources without the manipulation of the data sources. Sampling technique was multi-stage; listing of all forty-one wetland settlements; three settlements were purposively selected for ease of access and growing insecurity. Satellite images of the study sites were obtained from Google earth, delineated and gridlines were superimposed on the images. A time series analysis using ERDAS imagine 2014 version, was used to show spatial changes between the years 1986 to 2000, and 2000 to 2016, a time period spanning thirty years. The study indicates that from 1986 to 2000, Port Harcourt municipality lost a total of 1,255,500 m2, this translates to a 5% loss. This loss occurs at an average rate of 89,678.57m2 per annum. From 2000 to 2016, the rate of loss was 108,956.25m2 per annum, and approximately 7.69% of wetlands totalling 1,743,300m2 was lost to urbanisation. Improved urban services, economic prosperity, increased revenue represents some of the boom. Unnecessary incursion into the wetlands by groups, depletion of habitat for flora and fauna species, development of unplanned settlements is some of the blunders and declining urban quality of life, massive urban flooding, pressure on existing urban services, depletion of the already lean state resources are the brunt. Some recommendations include; conduct periodic geospatial mapping of wetlands to enable the listing of identified wetlands and identify existing species of flora and fauna for conservation, tourism development and preservation; there should be a strengthened development control framework to guide and encourage professionally trained and equipped manpower to manage wetlands and ensure acceptable best practices.
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Bjørgo, Frode, and Ingrid Bay-Larsen. "Lost in translation – Critical reflections on the disposal of submarine tailings in Kvalsund municipality." Extractive Industries and Society 4, no. 3 (July 2017): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2017.05.012.
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Lima, Rafael Aparecido Dias, Plinio Tadeu Istilli, Carla Regina De Souza Teixeira, Maria Lúcia Zanetti, and Maria Tereza Da Costa Gonçalves Torquato. "Diabetes mellitus mortality in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, 2010 to 2014." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (March 7, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000561.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe diabetes mellitus mortality according to sex and age in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, in the period ranging from 2010 to 2014. METHODS: This was a temporal series ecological study carried out in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo. The data was comprised of information on 583 deaths of Ribeirão Preto residents – regardless of the place of death – from 2010 to 2014. The data source was the electronic system of the Epidemiological Surveillance of the Municipal Health Department of the evaluated municipality. Sex, age group, premature death and year of death were chosen as variables. Subsequently, age-standardized mortality rates were calculated using the World Health Organization’s standard population, in addition to total and average per death potential years of life lost. RESULTS: Mortality due to diabetes mellitus in the municipality increased during the studied period. There was a higher occurrence of female deaths, especially in the ≥ 80 years age group. The highest rates of age-standardized mortality were male. For both sexes, there was an annual mean increase of 9% in premature mortality during the studied period. Diabetes decreased life expectancy by 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: As a diagnosis of local health care, the significant increase in agestandardized mortality rates, premature mortality and potential years of life lost in the studied municipality point to the need for improvements in health promotion and disease prevention measures. It is our hope that the results presented in this study contribute to the monitoring of mortality rates in the coming years.
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Hunter, Rob. "Bringing Back Main Street in Morrisburg." Papers in Canadian Economic Development 17 (September 16, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v17i0.75.
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The suggestion that the Municipality of South Dundas should look at developing and implementing a Main Street Morrisburg Streetscape Project was highlighted in a recently completed report. The report was conducted under the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs’ First Impressions Community Exchange (FICE) program. The FICE report in question was provided to the Municipality of South Dundas by representatives from the Town of Gananoque in September 2016 and this project was one of the major recommended action items that was contained within it (Zandbergen, 2016).For more than half a century, the Village of Morrisburg has lacked a proper Main Street Business District. It all started back in the mid-1950’s when about a third of the Village of Morrisburg, including the Main Street area, which was the original business district was lost forever under a wall of water. This was caused by the flooding required to construct the St. Lawrence Seaway due to the need to deepen the seaway to allow larger ships to navigate the river. In the process, Lake St. Lawrence was created. Because the flooding included significant parts of Morrisburg (including the central business district) along with other entire villages like Farran’s Point and Aultsville in Eastern Ontario, Morrisburg is included in some publications as what has become known as the Lost Villages.Keywords: Streetscape, First Impressions Program, Main Street, Business District, Lost Villages
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Silveira, Thyago De Almeida, Frederico Campos Pereira, Alexandre Fonseca D'Andrea, and Francisco De Assis Salviano de Sousa. "USE OF VEGETATION INDICES TO ESTIMATE THE LIVE BIOMASS LOSS IN THE PICUÍ MUNICIPALITY." Journal of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29150/jhrs.v8.1.p1-13.
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The desertification or land degradation is a phenomenon that has been occurring in many parts of the planet. This process has been accompanied by climatic factors and socio-ecological, and in the Northeast of Brazil is considered a phenomenon resulting from human intervention over the environment. This work was proposition estimate the amount of live biomass lost in the city of Picuí - PB from the multitemporal analysis of vegetation cover using satellite images. For both GIS and Remote Sensing techniques were used, with the purpose of calculate soil degradation over the past three decades, and calculate the NDVI, SAVI and IAF vegetation index, to estimate the amount of living biomass lost over in the period studied. As a result, it was verified that the city has about 30% of its land in degradation level ranging from grave and very grave, and that the living biomass decreased by about 20% in these past three decades, coming to present about 49% of green area, and about 51% of degraded areas considered, a fact that has been proven through technical visits, which identificated that the areas are degraded by vegetal extraction of wood, mining and agriculture.
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Herrera Cortés, Silvia, Bulmaro Juárez Hernández, Victor Hugo Vázquez Guevara, and Hugo Adán Cruz Suárez. "Parametric Methodologies for Detecting Changes in Maximum Temperature of Tlaxco, Tlaxcala, México." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2019 (December 16, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3580692.
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In this paper, comparison results of parametric methodologies of change points, applied to maximum temperature records from the municipality of Tlaxco, Tlaxcala, México, are presented. Methodologies considered are likelihood ratio test, score test, and binary segmentation (BS), pruned exact linear time (PELT), and segment neighborhood (SN). In order to compare such methodologies, a quality analysis of the data was performed; in addition, lost data were estimated with linear regression, and finally, SARIMA models were adjusted.
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LAVILLA, ESTEBAN O., JOSÉ A. LANGONE, ULISSES CARAMASCHI, JOSÉ P. Jr POMBAL, and RAFAEL O. DE SÁ. "Comments on the neotype of Rana margaritifera Laurenti, 1768 (Anura, Bufonidae)." Zootaxa 4286, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.1.5.
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After more than two and half centuries regarding the identity of Rana margaritifera Laurenti, 1768, Lavilla et al. (2013) designated a neotype for the species. The authors did an extensive search to locate the type material of Laurenti (1768) and failed in finding the specimen in question. Consequently, they selected an adult female collected in the Municipality of Humaitá, State of Amazonas, Brazil, on 12 April 1985 and deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, MNRJ 71538. This action, was carried out to solve a specific taxonomic problem in Neotropical amphibian systematics, i.e., the type specimen considered lost and the type locality uncertain. However, this action proved to be erroneous, since the type specimen is not lost.
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Coulibaly, Brahima, and Shixiang Li. "Impact of Agricultural Land Loss on Rural Livelihoods in Peri-Urban Areas: Empirical Evidence from Sebougou, Mali." Land 9, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120470.
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This study was part of a larger analysis of the framework of sustainable rural livelihoods in the face of urban sprawl in peri-urban rural areas of Mali. Contrary to the existing literature, which has mostly focused on issues of land rights in Mali due to the fact of urbanization, this study analyzed the consequences of urbanization in the city of Ségou on the major sources of livelihoods for residents in the neighboring rural municipality of Sebougou. Three villages in the municipality of Sebougou were selected due to the fact of their proximity to the city of Ségou. We interviewed 120 randomly sampled family heads using a structured questionnaire. The respondents were owners of farmlands or people who had lost their land as a result of urbanization. We analyzed the data using multi-linear and logistic regression models. The results showed that age, occupation, land size, and level of education had significant positive impacts on the farmers’ annual family income, while family size and gender exerted negative effects. Low-yield lands and youth emigration increased the likelihood of farmers losing their lands to urbanization. Conversely, land size, yearly income, and age had negative predictive effects on agrarian land loss. The results highlight the need for land management authorities to implement policies to protect agricultural land.
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T., Nalina, Ghouse Phasha, Prashanth G., and Sree Devi B. K. "Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among municipality workers in Chitradurga, South India." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 5 (September 23, 2019): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20194225.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest cause for mortality and morbidity in the world. In India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were responsible for 53% of deaths and 44% of disability adjusted life years lost. Appropriate assessment and management of cardiovascular risk is vital to prevent fatal and non-fatal heart attacks and strokes and to improve health outcomes in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and HT are common diseases in adulthood, pre-disposing to many cardiovascular complications, posing a major public health challenge.This study aims to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, HT, smoking, alcohol intake, dyslipidaemia and obesity among Municipality workers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between Jan 2019-June 2019 among 100 Municipality workers in Chitradurga, South India. Socio-demographic details and some of the risk factors such as alcohol intake and smoking history were obtained using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. Blood pressure & waist circumference were measured by standard methods. Fasting blood sugar & lipid profile were measured.Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.03 years (SD ± 10.9). Out of the study subjects, 21% were known diabetic and 22% were known hypertensive. 34% of the participants had cholesterol level higher than the desirable level of 200 mg/dL. Around 72% had a history of alcohol consumption and 13% had a history of tobacco smoking during the last 1 month. The prevalence of overweight based on BMI (BMI >23) is higher among Municipality workers (56%) compared to the general population (35.4%).Conclusions: Burden of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and HT were high among Municipality Workers of Chitradurga.
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Lonsky, Jakub. "Does immigration decrease far-right popularity? Evidence from Finnish municipalities." Journal of Population Economics 34, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 97–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00784-4.
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Abstract Across Europe, far-right parties have made significant electoral gains in recent years. Their anti-immigration stance is considered one of the main factors behind their success. Using data from Finland, this paper studies the effect of immigration on voting for the far-right Finns Party on a local level. Exploiting a convenient setup for a shift-share instrument, I find that a 1 percentage point increase in the share of foreign citizens in a municipality decreases the Finns Party’s vote share by 3.4 percentage points. Placebo tests using pre-period data confirm this effect is not driven by persistent trends at the municipality level. The far-right votes lost to immigration are captured by the two pro-immigration parties. Turning to potential mechanisms, immigration is found to increase voter turnout, potentially activating local pro-immigration voters. Moreover, the negative effect is only present in municipalities with high initial exposure to immigrants, consistent with the intergroup contact theory. Finally, I also provide some evidence for the welfare-state channel as a plausible mechanism behind the main result.
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Echeverri, Oscar. "Geotechnical characterization of the silt from the terrace of the municipality of Olaya in Antioquia, Colombia." Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, no. 39 (January 1, 2016): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n39.53153.
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In April of 2014 arose a movement mass of soils which make up the terrace of the municipality of Olaya (Department of Antioquia). This document presents the results of characterization physical, mechanical and hydro-mechanical behavior of silty soils in such training, in order to evaluate the possible causes of the movement. Were confronted the hypothesis raised by the competent entities that once evaluated the problem and was determined from this research that the soil, for the conditions on the ground, experiences an apparent cohesion as a result of the generation of pore pressures negative, however, when the material comes in contact with water, this cohesion is lost quickly leads to the shear resistance of the material only depend on the angle of internal friction.
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Afonso, Whitney. "Time to Adoption of Local Option Sales Taxes." Public Finance Review 46, no. 4 (October 17, 2016): 558–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116673147.
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This study examines the time to adoption of municipal local option sales taxes (LOSTs) in Texas from 1967 to 2012. General-purpose LOSTs were introduced in 1968 and were the only LOSTs available to local governments until 1988, when four earmarked LOSTs were permitted for municipalities. Counties and special districts were also allowed to adopt LOSTs beginning in 1988. Using a Cox proportional hazard model and a variation that allows for repeating events, this study finds that proximity to major highways and state and national borders and LOST rates within and around a municipality affect time to adoption.
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Ahmed, Hussein. "Archival Sources on the Yemeni Arabs in Urban Ethiopia: The Dessie Municipality." History in Africa 27 (January 2000): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172105.
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During the summer of 1998 I undertook a preliminary survey of archival materials relating to the Yemeni Arab residents of Dessie kept in the town's municipality. Until 1969, when the Arab immigrants in the entire country were subjected to a state-orchestrated public call for their expulsion—a call which manifested itself in a wave of anti-Arab demonstrations triggered by a bomb explosion on an aircraft belonging to the national carrier at Frankfurt Airport in which the Syrian Front for the Liberation of Eritrea was implicated—Dessie was the home of a large, relatively prosperous, and conspicuous Yemeni community, whose members were concentrated in several distinct quarters, one of which is still popularly known as Arab Ganda. The other areas are Sharf Tara, Taqa Tara, and Mugad, near the main daily market of Arada.The archive of the Municipality (or Town Council) of Dessie, capital of South Wallo administrative zone in northern Ethiopia, is perhaps unique among other town archives in the country, including that of the capital, Addis Ababa, in terms of the care and sense of duty that the office has shown towards preserving materials pertaining to expatriate residents. Until recently, the vast majority of these had been of Yemeni and Hadrami origin, although there were also some Hijazis and Libyans, and a significant number of non-Arabs: Italians, Greeks, Americans, Englishmen, Indians, and Czechs/Slovaks.I consulted all but two of the existing registers entitled Yawuch Agar Zegoch Mazgab (Register of Foreign Nationals), which seem more likely to have been misplaced than lost altogether, perhaps during the move of the Municipality to its present premises.
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Jawarneh, Rana N. "Modeling Past, Present, and Future Urban Growth Impacts on Primary Agricultural Land in Greater Irbid Municipality, Jordan Using SLEUTH (1972–2050)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040212.
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Urban expansion and loss of primarily agricultural land are two of the challenges facing Jordan. Located in the most productive agricultural area of Jordan, Greater Irbid Municipality (GIM) uncontrolled urban growth has posed a grand challenge in both sustaining its prime croplands and developing comprehensive planning strategies. This study investigated the loss of agricultural land for urban growth in GIM from 1972–2050 and denoted the negative consequences of the amalgamation process of 2001 on farmland loss. The aim is to unfold and track historical land use/cover changes and forecast these changes to the future using a modified SLEUTH-3r urban growth model. The accuracy of prediction results was assessed in three different sites between 2015 and 2020. In 43 years the built-up area increased from 29.2 km2 in 1972 to 71 km2 in 2015. By 2050, the built-up urban area would increase to 107 km2. The overall rate of increase, however, showed a decline across the study period, with the periods of 1990–2000 and 2000–2015 having the highest rate of built-up areas expansion at 68.6 and 41.4%, respectively. While the agricultural area increased from 178 km2 in 1972 to 207 km2 in 2000, it decreased to 195 km2 in 2015 and would continue to decrease to 188 km2 by 2050. The district-level analysis shows that from 2000–2015, the majority of districts exhibited an urban increase at twice the rate of 1990–2000. The results of the net change analysis of agriculture show that between 1990 and 2000, 9 districts exhibited a positive gain in agricultural land while the rest of the districts showed a negative loss of agricultural land. From 2000 to 2015, the four districts of Naser, Nozha, Rawdah, and Hashmyah completely lost their agricultural areas for urbanization. By 2050, Idoon and Boshra districts will likely lose more than half of their high-quality agricultural land. This study seeks to utilize a spatially explicit urban growth model to support sustainable planning policies for urban land use through forecasting. The implications from this study confirm the worldwide urbanization impacts on losing the most productive agricultural land in the outskirts and consequences on food production and food security. The study calls for urgent actions to adopt a compact growth policy with no new land added for development as what is available now exceeds what is needed by 2050 to accommodate urban growth in GIM.
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Garcia, Luan Augusto Alves, Fernanda Carolina Camargo, Gilberto De Araújo Pereira, Lúcia Aparecida Ferreira, Helena Hemiko Iwamoto, Álvaro Da Silva Santos, and Marina Pereira Rezende. "Potential years of life lost and mortality trend in the adult population in a municipality of Triângulo Mineiro, 1996-2013." Medicina (Ribeirao Preto. Online) 50, no. 4 (August 9, 2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v50i4p216-226.
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Introdução: a análise epidemiológica da mortalidade é um importante processo para o reconhecimento das condições de vida e saúde das populações, oferecendo apoio ao planejamento de ações, definição de prioridades, e alocação de recursos frente a problemas específicos de saúde, em especial, ao se considerar populações com maior expressão da faixa etária adulta. Com isso, emerge a preocupação de se reconhecer quais as principais causas-óbito e análise dos Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos. Modelo do estudo: estudo observacional, ecológico, de tendência temporal, pela identificação das principais causas-óbito, através da frequência acumulada e da análise dos indicadores epidemiológicos: coeficiente de mortalidade por 100.000 habitantes e Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos, por faixa etária adulta e sexo, de 1996 a 2013. Objetivo do estudo: analisar tendência dos óbitos na população adulta em município do Triângulo Mineiro, Brasil. Resultados: ocorreram 9.595 óbitos para adultos, sendo as doenças do aparelho circulatório (n=2.244) a causa-óbito mais prevalente e a idade do óbito por Causas Externas a mais prematura (média de 37,84 anos; IC95% 36,25-38,58). Apresentam tendência ascendente os óbitos por neoplasia, ambos os sexos e faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, além do grupo de Causas Externas e Doenças do Aparelho Respiratório. Conclusões: apesar das limitações, deve-se encorajar a utilização de sistemas de informações em estudos que possam apoiar a gestão local no melhor delineamento de ações e retaguarda assistencial para prevenção de mortes prematuras.
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Abunyuwah, Isaac. "Partial Ordered Logit Analysis of Confidence Levels in Financial Institutions in Ghana. The Case of Asante Mampong Municipality." International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 7 (June 8, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n7p21.
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In recent times the financial sector (FS) of Ghana has been saddled with liquidity and operational challenges leading to several financial policies put in place by the Central Bank. The financial crisis and its resultant stringent measures affected public confidence as many customers lost their investments/savings while some financial institutions were consolidated or collapsed. Noting the critical role of public confidence in the financial sector, this paper assessed the confidence levels in FS of Ghana, using Asante Mampong Municipality as a case study. A random sample of 384 respondents was used. Due to the ordinal nature of the dependent variable (confidence levels), the Partial Proportional Odds (PPO) model was used when the ordered logit model failed to pass the proportional odds assumption. About 46.4% of the respondents reported having ‘no confidence’ in the financial institutions of the country, while 37% indicated having ‘somehow confident’ in the sector. Less than 20% of the respondents expressed ‘confident’ (13.3%) or ‘very confident’ (3.4%) in the FS. Duration of engagement with a financial institution, loss of investment, awareness of crisis/reforms of the financial sector and income levels affected the confidence levels in the financial sector. Financial institutions are recommended to strengthen their relationship with customers by providing improved services and policy measures that secure customers investment/savings to ensure sustained and increased levels of confidence.
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Maškarinec, Pavel. "Mgr. Pavel Maškarinec, Ph.D., Determinants of Women’s Descriptive Representation on the City Boards of the Czech Statutory Cities after the Local Elections of 2014." Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2016-0006.
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Abstract This paper focuses on question why is descriptive (or numerical) representation of women as local political leaders higher in some cities than in others? The paper focuses on the analysis of the determinants of women’s political representation on city boards of the Czech statutory cities after the last local elections of 2014. We test some hypothesis, concerning two groups of factors that can potentially affect the success of women (socioeconomic and demographic, and political contextual), thus aiming to expand theoretical and empirical research which is in the case of determinants of women’s representation at the local level underdeveloped. Overall, the analysis reveals that regression models explaining presence of women on the city boards were not generally too successful, with slightly better performance of the model using socioeconomic and demographic factors. Specifically, Moravia and municipality size proved as very strong predictors of presence of women on the city boards in negative, or positive direction, respectively (although in full model municipality size variable lost its significance), supplementing by the proportion of female councillors in same elections, which increased successfulness of women as well. In contrast, the share of women in local councils and on city boards in the previous electoral term was not proven as statistical significant, similarly as party affiliations’ of city boards.
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Hoff, A. "Integrating Mental Health care and Vocational Rehabilitation to Improve Return to work rates for People on Sick Leave Because of Common Mental Disorders." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1505.
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IntroductionSick leave due to common mental disorders (CMD) has major negative influence on society because of the lost productivity, social benefits, and treatment costs, and OECD estimates that the cost is equivalent to 3.4% of the Danish gross domestic product.ObjectivesThe Objective is to examine, whether integrating mental health care with vocational rehabilitation, conveys shorter return to work (RTW) time, compared to treatment as usual, after sick leave due to a CMD such as depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders.AimsThe aims of the intervention of are to provide the shortest possible RTW time. Primary outcome is RTW time, and secondary outcomes are (a) time from RTW until recurrent sick leave and (b) symptom level a six months.MethodsPatients are included in one of two randomized controlled studies (anxiety or depression in one RCT, and stress-related disorders in another RCT), after referral from the municipality vocational rehabilitation (VR) center, after sick leave for at least four weeks. Patients, in both trials, are randomized into one of three groups, in a ratio of 1:1:1: (a) control group, where they receive treatment as usual in primary care and municipally located VR, (b) intervention group: mental health care (MHC) in the research project, and municipally located VR (not integrated), and (c) intervention group: MHC in the research project, integrated with a special project VR.ResultsWe are currently including, and as of December 2016, more than 300 are included. The total sample will be 1536 patients.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Michalak-Trybus, Bogusława. "Opłata i dotacja uzdrowiskowa – ewolucja unormowań prawnych." Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 2(26) (June 15, 2019): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2019.2.26.6.
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The legislator’s fee and spa subsidy established a source of income for a local government unit that has the status of a spa (health resort) municipality. The health resort municipality may collect the health resort fee from natural persons staying more than one day for health, tourist, leisure and training purposes in the area of the health resort, applying the allowances and preferences indicated in the relevant act implementing the own tasks in the scope of preserving the spa functions of health resort for the award of a spa subsidy from the state budget. Both sources of financing of the health resort municipality are the compensation for the lost income of the health resort municipalities due to statutory restrictions on the economic and investment development of this type of local government unit. Often there are conflicts of interpretation concerning the adoption and implementation of the collection of the health resort fee, as well as in matters concerning the rules, manner and purpose of the use of the fee and the health resort subsidy by the health resort municipalities. The aim of the article is to present the most important aspects of the essence and legal nature of the fee and spa subsidy. The legal basis defining the functioning of the fee and spa subsidy has been discussed in historical perspective, from the late nineteenth century to the present, in the context of the income component of the spa commune under the provisions of administrative and tax law. The research considerations were based on the review of legislative acts regulating this matter in the aspect of the repealed and applicable law and positions presented in the literature on the subject. Proposals for legislative changes in this area have been presented, simultaneously indicating the purpose and effects of the amendment.
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Todorovic, Miodrag, and Olica Radovanovic. "Abortion: A significant problem of public health and a determinant of biological reproduction." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 121 (2006): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0621207t.
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Artificial abortion is a very important social-medical, economic and demographic problem. It is not only a problem of public health (disease disability, sterility) and social economy (to lose income and compensation because of absenteeism, increase of expense in health care sector for the treatment of direct, early and late consequences and sterility). It is a very important demographic problem because of the increase in "unrealized fertilities" and lost of descendents. According to the registered abortions in 2004, an enormous number of abortions was done in Timocka Krajina in relation to the number of live-births (1241:1931); more precisely, for 150 live-births, there were 100 arteficial abortion. The greatest number of abortions was done in 30-34 year old women, most in Zajecar municipality with 1/3 of the total number of artificial abortions. All the women who aborted in 2004 had already had - on the average - 2,55 abortions and 1,6 live-births before. In the conclusion, the central problem is the prevention and protection of unwanted pregnancy, and unsatisfactory activities in the field of women health protection, reproductive health and family planning.
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Bispo, Diêgo Faustolo Alves, Marx Leandro Naves Silva, Lucas Machado Pontes, Danielle Vieira Guimarães, João José Granate de Sá e. Melo Marques, and Nilton Curi. "Soil, water, nutrients and soil organic matter losses by water erosion as a function of soil management in the Posses sub-watershed, Extrema, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p1813.
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Knowledge of the quantity and quality of the material lost by soil erosion due to soil management is a basic need to identify land management zones in catchments. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of soil management on the quantity and quality of soil material lost by erosion in the Posses sub-watershed, Municipality of Extrema, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Water and sediments lost by natural rainfall erosion were sampled from erosion plots located on a Red-Yellow Argisol (PVA) under the following systems: bare soil, subsistence farming (maize/beans/pumpkin/jack-beans/fallow), degraded pasture, well-managed pasture, and reforestation set up in 2013; and in a Litholic Neosol (RL): reforestation set up in 2008, bare soil, and native forest. Ca, Mg, K, P, N and soil organic matter (SOM) contents were determined in sediment and soil samples (at 0-5 cm depth) for the determination of the runoff enrichment ratios. Management influences soil losses more so than water losses. Minor losses were found in reforestation set up in 2013 (soil); in well-managed pasture (water); and in reforestations (nutrients and SOM). These losses tend to stability with time. The general sequence of nutrient losses was N > Ca > Mg > K > P in PVA; and N > Ca > K > Mg > P in RL. Loss rates of SOM and N followed the order: bare soil > subsistence farming > degraded pasture > well-managed pasture > reforestation, in PVA; and bare soil > native forest > reforestation, in RL. Reforestation and well-management pasture are effective conservation strategies in order to lower the erosion process in the Posses sub-watershed. Soil losses, as well as nutrients and organic matter losses were more influenced by soil management than water losses. The safeguarding native forest under Litholic Neosol is essential to the conservation of this pedoenvironment, especially in steep slopes.
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Omar Mohamed, Buseif, Nur Izzi Yusoff, Muhammad Mubaraki, and Sri Atmaja Rosyidi. "Statistical Overview of Factors Influencing Traffic Accidents Severity On El-Brega Coastal Freeway in Libya." Open Transportation Journal 13, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801913010154.
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Background: Globally, Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are one of the significant causes of fatality and injury. In Libya, RTAs have resulted in disabilities and were the third leading cause of death. However, there is a lack of information on RTAs and road safety in Libya. Objective: The present study aims to fill the knowledge gap by performing a statistical analysis to identify the factors associated with road accident severity in El-Brega Coastal Freeway. Methods: RTAs data extracted from police investigation reports in Ajdabiya Municipality for the period from 2001 to 2010. Then descriptive analysis and Binary logistic regression model (BLM) are applied to analyzing the data. Results: Descriptive analysis results showed that between 2001 and 2010, approximately 45% of RTAs in Ajdabiya Municipality occurred on El-Brega Coastal Freeway, and more than 1225 individuals lost their lives or sustained injuries in these RTAs. Furthermore, Sixty-two percent (n = 137) of those who died in accidents were from the 20–45 age group. BLM Results concluded that only eight predictors have statistical significant with accident injury severity. Five of them increase the likelihood of injury severity. A head-on collision is the prime influence factor to increase injury severity odds, followed by high-speed driving, Weekends, horizontal curves, and driver’s age. While accident injury tends to be less severe with the other predictors like rollover collision, rear-end collision, and accidents involving animals. Conclusion: Thus, implementing the use of seat-belt and speed control regulations, with activating ambulance services are the urgent countermeasures to enhance road safety.
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William, R. T., and D. B. Strongman. "Two new genera of fungal trichomycetes, Bactromyces and Laculus (Harpellales), from Nova Scotia, Canada." Botany 90, no. 2 (February 2012): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-086.
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The gut lumen of immature aquatic insects is colonized by a unique community of protistan and fungal organisms, collectively called trichomycetes. The species diversity of fungal trichomycetes appears to be high, with new taxa published regularly. Bactromyces fluminalis and Laculus insecticola , species belonging to two new genera of fungal trichomycetes, are described from stonefly and mayfly nymphs, respectively. Bactromyces fluminalis was collected from a stream habitat in Long Lake Provincial Park, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, while Laculus insecticola was found in a lentic environment (Governor Lake) in Timberlea, Nova Scotia, a suburb within the Halifax Regional Municipality. In addition to these new taxa, a new species, Pteromaktron timberleaense , in this previously monotypic genus is described from the hindgut of a mayfly collected from a stream in Timberlea, Nova Scotia. This discovery makes new material available for study, since it appears the type specimen for this genus is lost.
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Vrublova, Katerina. "Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Loss Due to Urban Sprawl on Agricultural Land in the Context of Sustainable Development." Journal of Landscape Ecology 13, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2020-0020.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the ecosystem services which are provided by agriculture land and on the urban sprawl in the study area of municipality with extended powers Třebíč. The main focus of this article is to evaluate what ecosystem services are provided to Czech society by the agricultural land and assess their financial value and also evaluate which ecosystem services disappear or are limited due to urban sprawl on agricultural land. Generally, the topic of ecosystem services in agriculture comes under focus especially in view of the recurring drought in Europe and on-going climate change. Also the subject of urbanization and decreasing area available for agriculture is a wide-spread phenomena in Europe. The practical output of this paper will comprise of better insight on function and value of land under agriculture use which is lost due to urban development and raising the awareness amongst the society on the fast-growing trend of unsustainable urban sprawl.
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Shrestha, Bipsana, and Narayani Paudel. "Effectiveness of educational intervention on knowledge regarding cervical cancer and its prevention among married women in Chandragiri Municipality, Kathmandu." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v9i2.35530.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in low and middle-income countries. There is lack of knowledge regarding cervical cancer and its prevention among Nepalese women which leads to inadequate screening. Although cervical cancer is acknowledged as a preventable disease, it is still a major health burden for women in many developing countries because an adequate scale of screening programs is lacking.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention on knowledge regarding prevention of cervical cancer among married women in Chandragiri Municipality.
Methodology: Pre-experimental research design (One-group pretest-posttest design) was used. Through non-probability purposive sampling, 65 married women of Chandragiri municipality, ward no. 04 were included in the study. The final sample size was 62 as three samples were lost during post-test. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection via an interview method. The educational intervention was administered after pretest. Posttest was done with the same instrument two weeks after intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (paired t-test) were used, hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance.
Results: Out of 62 respondents, 54.8% of the respondents had adequate knowledge in the pre-intervention phase and 62.9% had adequate knowledge in the post-intervention phase regarding cervical cancer and its prevention. There was a significant increase in mean score of overall knowledge from 15.82 to 25.75 after educational intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Mean knowledge score of the respondents increased significantly after educational intervention indicating that the educational intervention was effective.
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Tscheikner-Gratl, Franz, Peter Zeisl, Carolina Kinzel, Johannes Leimgruber, Thomas Ertl, Wolfgang Rauch, and Manfred Kleidorfer. "Lost in calibration: why people still do not calibrate their models, and why they still should – a case study from urban drainage modelling." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 10 (September 3, 2016): 2337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.395.
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From a scientific point of view, it is unquestioned that numerical models for technical systems need to be calibrated. However, in sufficiently calibrated models are still used in engineering practice. Case studies in the scientific literature that deal with urban water management are mostly large cities, while little attention is paid to the differing boundary conditions of smaller municipalities. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to discuss the calibration of a hydrodynamic model of a small municipality (15,000 inhabitants). To represent the spatial distribution of precipitation, three distributed rain gauges were used for model calibration. To show the uncertainties imminent to the calibration process, 17 scenarios, differing in assumptions for calibration, were distinguished. To compare the impact of the different calibration scenarios on actual design values, design rainfall events were applied. The comparison of the model results using the different typical design storm events from all the surrounding data points showed substantial differences for the assessment of the sewers regarding urban flooding, emphasizing the necessity of uncertainty analysis for hydrodynamic models. Furthermore, model calibration is of the utmost importance, because uncalibrated models tend to overestimate flooding volume and therefore result in larger diameters and retention volumes.
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BARROS-BATTESTI, DARCI M., VALERIA C. ONOFRIO, FERNANDA A. NIERI-BASTOS, JOÃO FÁBIO SOARES, ARLEI MARCILI, KÁTIA M. FAMADAS, JOÃO LUIZ H. FACCINI, et al. "Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão (Acari: Argasidae): description of the larva, redescription of male and female, and neotype designation." Zootaxa 3178, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3178.1.2.
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Ornithodoros brasiliensis is an endemic tick from Brazil and is very aggressive to humans, resulting in pain, fever andintense inflammatory response. After more than 50 years without report, this species was recently found in rural areas ofSão Francisco de Paula municipality, State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from where it was originally described.Herein, we describe the larva and redescribe the adults of O. brasiliensis based on scanning electron microscopy. Sincethe type was lost we designate the neotype specimen under the number IBSP 10409. In addition, the relationship betweenO. brasiliensis and other species from the Neotropical region that share the morphological characteristics of Ornithodoroswith dorsal humps on tarsi, and also live under the soil and feed on hosts other than bats, are discussed. Molecular analysisinferred from a portion of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene is also provided and it placed O. brasiliensis in a cluster sup-ported by a maximal bootstrap value (100%) with Ornithodoros parkeri, Ornithodoros rostratus, and Ornithodoros turicata.
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Zwolińska-Ligaj, Magdalena. "Location On Natural Valuable Areas As A Condition For The Development Of Enterprises Based On The Use Of Natural Resources – The Lublin Voivodeship (Poland)." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2015-0002.
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Abstract The aim of the study is to identify opportunities and constraints of the development of companies whose business is based on the exploitation of natural resources resulting from their location in areas of natural value. The study area consisted of 40 municipalities. Five companies were selected for the study in each municipality. The study used the method of diagnostic survey using a questionnaire interview. The results obtained give rise to a finding that economic activity based on the use of local natural resources, taking into account the need to protect the natural environment, is a legitimate direction and an opportunity for the development of local economies of areas of natural value. However, given the limitations of economic activities in natural valuable areas, it requires support, mainly with information and finance. The most important limitations of economic activities in natural valuable areas include the lack of preferential financial instruments, difficulties of the investment process and the lack of financial compensation for profits lost due to the location.
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Boeke, S., M. J. C. van den Homberg, A. Teklesadik, J. L. D. Fabila, D. Riquet, and M. Alimardani. "TOWARDS PREDICTING RICE LOSS DUE TO TYPHOONS IN THE PHILIPPINES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W19 (December 23, 2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w19-63-2019.
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Abstract. Reliable predictions of the impact of natural hazards turning into a disaster is important for better targeting humanitarian response as well as for triggering early action. Open data and machine learning can be used to predict loss and damage to the houses and livelihoods of affected people. This research focuses on agricultural loss, more specifically rice loss in the Philippines due to typhoons. Regression and binary classification algorithms are trained using feature selection methods to find the most important explanatory features. Both geographical data from every province, and typhoon specific features of 11 historical typhoons are used as input. The percentage of lost rice area is considered as the output, with an average value of 7.1%. As for the regression task, the support vector regressor performed best with a Mean Absolute Error of 6.83 percentage points. For the classification model, thresholds of 20%, 30% and 40% are tested in order to find the best performing model. These thresholds represent different levels of lost rice fields for triggering anticipatory action towards farmers. The binary classifiers are trained to increase its ability to rightly predict the positive samples. In all three cases, the support vector classifier performed the best with a recall score of 88%, 75% and 81.82%, respectively. However, the precision score for each of these models was low: 17.05%, 14.46% and 10.84%, respectively. For both the support vector regressor and classifier, of all 14 available input features, only wind speed was selected as explanatory feature. Yet, for the other algorithms that were trained in this study, other sets of features were selected depending also on the hyperparameter settings. This variation in selected feature sets as well as the imprecise predictions were consequences of the small dataset that was used for this study. It is therefore important that data for more typhoons as well as data on other explanatory variables are gathered in order to make more robust and accurate predictions. Also, if loss data becomes available on municipality-level, rather than province-level, the models will become more accurate and valuable for operationalization.
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Roy, Ram Rekha, and Bishnu Prasad Sharma. "Economic Cost of Absentee and Dropout Students in Public Schools of Nepal." Economic Journal of Nepal 42, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v42i3-4.36029.
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High absenteeism and dropout rates in school are considered one of the major stumbling blocks in achieving educational goals in developing countries. Absentees and dropouts impose a large resource cost on the educational system and the society. The study examines the economic cost of absentee and dropout students in public schools of Nepal. Using data from public schools in a rural municipality in Nepal, the study estimates the unit cost of absentee and dropout students by level. Cost of human resource, stationery, utility and fixed costs of building and furniture were the components for estimating unit costs. The findings reveal that the unit cost of students was equivalent to U.S. $295, 130 and 143 for primary, lower-secondary, and secondary levels respectively, and an average of U.S. $189 overall. The resource loss due to dropout was around 28, 12, and 11 percent of the total resource spent for primary, lower secondary and secondary levels respectively with an average of around 16 percent. The combined resource loss from dropouts and absentees were found to be 39, 23 and 20 percent for the different levels. On average, 26 percent of the public-school resource was lost due to dropouts and absentees. The main causes of dropout and absenteeism were the lack of interest, motivation of parents and the children to attend the school. The study suggests the need for more comprehensive and in depth study for effective policy formulation to address this problem.
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Suchodolski, Bartłomiej, and Monika Wakuła. "The issue of the management of the city county’s income on the basis of the Świnoujście city." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 192, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2598.
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The publication addresses the issue of financing the activities of city counties in Poland. City counties are municipalities executing county tasks based on principles under the relevant act. Their area covers territories of bigger cities. Cities entitled to the rights of a county include those which in December 31, 1998 had more than 100,000 inhabitants, those which lost their right to be the seat of a voivode-ship, unless the relevant authorities at the request of a city council refused to grant county rights to a city, and those which were given the status of a county in the first state’s administrative division into the counties. City counties constitute a specific combination of a mu-nicipality and a county, as they fulfill not only municipality tasks but also county functions. They constitute a substantial part of the struc-ture of the Polish self-governmental administration. The legislator imposed a significant number of tasks on it. Their execution requires possessing necessary funds of an adequate amount by a unit. In-comes of city counties encompass three groups – own incomes, gen-eral subsidies and grants. Due to the dual construction of city coun-ties, municipality and county incomes can be distinguished in their profit structure as well. Management of varied sources of incomes can create problems that are to be overcome by authorities of the so-called district cities. The theoretical part of the article characterizes city counties as an element of the Polish self-governmental administration. Further-more, the review of sources financing their activities is conducted, whereas the experiential part is presented in the form of the case study attempting to assess the income side of the budget of Świnoujście City.
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Pereira, Emily dos Santos, Amanda Soares Miranda, Ana Paula Albano Araújo, and Vinícius Albano Araújo. "Influence of abiotic factors in a population of Parides ascanius (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera) in an urban restinga fragment." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15, no. 3 (September 2, 2020): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.15.e55719.
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Fragmentation and loss of natural habitats has reduced biodiversity in neotropical ecosystems. The restinga, a phytophysiognomy of the Atlantic Forest, has lost much of its original coverage and remains largely threatened by urbanisation. Restingas are considered hotspots of biodiversity and are listed as priority areas for conservation due to their great presence of endemic species, such as the endangered butterfly Parides ascanius Cramer, 1775. In this work, we analyse the influence of abiotic factors (temperature and humidity) on the abundance of P. ascanius in an urban restinga fragment of Iriry’s Environmental Protection Area (Iriry APA), located in the municipality of Rio das Ostras in Rio de Janeiro. For that, the mark-recapture technique was used. Sampling was carried out from October 2017 to May 2018, between 7:00 am and 11:00 am. Seventy-two individuals of P. ascanius were collected and showed higher proportions of males over females and greater abundance of individuals in the month of October. On average, the number of individuals was significantly higher with the increase in air temperature and lower with the increase in air humidity. The abundance of P. ascanius at the restinga of Iriry APA varied monthly and temporally throughout the day, influenced by temperature and air humidity. The results provide information that can support management plans for conservation of this threatened species, as well as for urban areas of the Atlantic Forest.
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SILVA-JUNIOR, Manoelito Ferreira, Emílio Prado FONSECA, Marília Jesus BATISTA, and Maria da Luz Rosário de SOUSA. "Spatial distribuition of tooth loss in a population of adults." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 65, no. 2 (June 2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-863720170002000033065.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Although there has been an improvement in the oral health status of the population, tooth loss still aggravates the oral health of adults and is a matter of great relevance to dentistry. Aim: To determine the spatial distribution of tooth loss in adults and correlate this with the Social Exclusion Index and proximity to public dental services. Material and Method: This ecological study was based on epidemiological data of adults from Piracicaba municipality and from the Piracicaba Research and Planning Institute (IPPLAP). Data on dental evaluations were extracted from the Piracicaba epidemiological survey, which was a cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling of 248 adults aged 20-64 years, representative of adults living in Piracicaba, Brazil. Oral examinations of the DMFT index were in accordance with the World Health Organization codes and criteria and were performed by a single examiner calibrated for this purpose. Data on social exclusion and the municipal health units that have dental services were extracted from IPPLAP. Georeferencing was performed of census tracts selected by draw, and the city health facilities that have dental services. For Spearman correlation analysis (p <0.05), we used the mean value of teeth lost per district, the Social Exclusion Index (IEX), and proximity to public dental service categorized according to radius: <500m, between 500-1000m, and >1000m the census tract. Result: There was a correlation between tooth loss and higher IEX, and r=−0.51 (p=0.01), but no correlation with proximity to public dental services (p=0.42). Conclusion: Tooth loss in adults was distributed according to social exclusion, however, it was unrelated to proximity to the public dental services.
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Isfordink, Cas J., Sylvia M. Brakenhoff, Marleen van Dijk, Marc van der Valk, Rob J. de Knegt, Joop E. Arends, and Joost PH Drenth. "Hepatitis C elimination in the Netherlands (CELINE): study protocol for nationwide retrieval of lost to follow-up patients with chronic hepatitis C." BMJ Open Gastroenterology 7, no. 1 (April 2020): e000396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000396.
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BackgroundThe Netherlands has a low hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence, estimated at 0.16%. Previous studies have shown that up to 30% of the diagnosed HCV population in the Netherlands has been lost to follow-up (LTFU). Retrieval of these patients could halt progression of liver disease in infected patients, reduce the number of infected individuals and limit HCV transmission. Several regional Dutch retrieval projects have already been executed, which demonstrated that retrieval is feasible. Therefore, we initiated a nationwide retrieval project, aiming to achieve microelimination in previously diagnosed but LTFU patients with chronic HCV through retrieval.MethodsLaboratory records will be used to identify possible patients with chronic hepatitis C, defined as either a positive most recent HCV RNA or positive HCV antibodies without known RNA result. Reviewing patient records and obtaining current contact information from municipality databases will identify LTFU patients who are eligible for retrieval. These patients will be invited for outpatient clinic care. The primary outcome of the study is the total number of LTFU patients who have been successfully linked to care.DiscussionHepatitis C ELimination In the NEtherlands (CELINE) is within the remit of WHO elimination targets and the Dutch National Hepatitis Plan. The methodology of CELINE is based on previously conducted regional retrieval projects and is designed to overcome some of their limitations. After ethical approval was obtained in 2018, the first centre initiated retrieval in 2018 and the project is expected to finish in 2021.Trial registration numberNCT04208035.
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Tanderup, Anette, Annmarie Touborg Lassen, Jens-Ulrik Rosholm, and Jesper Ryg. "Disability and morbidity among older patients in the emergency department: a Danish population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e023803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023803.
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ObjectivesThe objective was to describe the prevalence of geriatric conditions among older medical patients in the emergency department (ED) and the association with admission, mortality, reattendance and loss of independency.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingED of a large university hospital.ParticipantsAll medical patients ≥65 years of age from a single municipality with a first attendance to the ED during a 1-year period (November 2013 to November 2014).Primary and secondary outcome measuresBased on information from healthcare registers, we defined geriatric conditions as disability, recently increased disability, polypharmacy and comorbidity. Outcomes were admission, length of admission, 30 days postdischarge mortality, 30 days hospital reattendance and home care dependency 0–360 days following ED contact.ResultsTotally, 3775 patients (55% women) were included, age 78 (71–85) years (median (IQR)). No patients were lost to follow-up. The prevalence of 0–4 geriatric conditions was 14.9%, 27.3%, 25.2%, 22.3% and 10.3%, respectively. The number of conditions was significantly associated with hospital admission, length of admission, 30 days postdischarge mortality and 30 days hospital reattendance. Among patients with no geriatric conditions, 70% lived independent all 360 days after discharge, whereas all patients with ≥3 conditions had some dependency or were dead within 360 days following discharge.ConclusionAmong older medical patients in the ED, 50% had two or more geriatric conditions which were associated with poor health outcomes. This highlights the need for studies of the effect of geriatric awareness and competences in the ED.
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Slattery, Zoe, and Richard Fenner. "Spatial Analysis of the Drivers, Characteristics, and Effects of Forest Fragmentation." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063246.
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Building on the existing literature, this study examines whether specific drivers of forest fragmentation cause particular fragmentation characteristics, and how these characteristics can be linked to their effects on forest-dwelling species. This research uses Landsat remote imaging to examine the changing patterns of forests. It focuses on areas which have undergone a high level of a specific fragmentation driver, in particular either agricultural expansion or commodity-driven deforestation. Seven municipalities in the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso in Brazil are selected as case study areas, as these states experienced a high level of commodity-driven deforestation and agricultural expansion respectively. Land cover maps of each municipality are created using the Geographical Information System software ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension. The resulting categorical maps are input into Fragstats fragmentation software to calculate quantifiable fragmentation metrics for each municipality. To determine the effects that these characteristics are likely to cause, this study uses a literature review to determine how species traits affect their responses to forest fragmentation. Results indicate that, in areas that underwent agricultural expansion, the remaining forest patches became more complex in shape with longer edges and lost a large amount of core area. This negatively affects species which are either highly dispersive or specialist to core forest habitat. In areas that underwent commodity-driven deforestation, it was more likely that forest patches would become less aggregated and create disjunct core areas. This negatively affects smaller, sedentary animals which do not naturally travel long distances. This study is significant in that it links individual fragmentation drivers to their landscape characteristics, and in turn uses these to predict effects on species with particular traits. This information will prove useful for forest managers, particularly in the case study municipalities examined in this study, in deciding which species require further protection measures. The methodology could be applied to other drivers of forest fragmentation such as forest fires.
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Lopes, Adriano Salviano, Carina Seixas Maia Dornelas, Iracy Amélia Pereira Lopes, Ariana Da Mota Oliveira, Micilene Silva De Brito, and Alecksandra Vieira De Lacerda. "Influência das condições ambientais de armazenamento na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 48 (March 3, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n48p119-127.
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Storage is a fundamental practice in the control of physiological seed quality since it is a method that can preserve seed viability and vigor for a longer period. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the influence of storage in the physiological quality of seeds of “jurema-preta” (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd)) in different environments and packages. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Ecology and Botany (CDSA/UFCG), using seeds collected from matrix trees in the municipality of Sumé (Paraíba State, Brazil). The seeds were homogenized and placed in different packages (Kraft paper bag and glass packaging). After that, they were stored under laboratory conditions and in a freezer for nine months. In each and every month of storage, the following characteristics were evaluated: moisture content, emergence, emergence speed index, seedling length. The seeds stored in freezer in glass packaging showed the best results for all evaluated parameters, whereas the seeds stored in paper bags at room temperature lost their germination vigor after 120 days of storage. Thus, storage in glass packaging, in freezer, is more appropriate for storing seeds of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd).
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El-Sayegh, Sameh, Irtishad Ahmad, Malak Aljanabi, Rawan Herzallah, Samuel Metry, and Omar El-Ashwal. "Construction Disputes in the UAE: Causes and Resolution Methods." Buildings 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10100171.
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Claims and disputes occur frequently in the construction industry between different contracting parties, mainly the owner, the designer and the contractor. Consequently, valuable time and a significant amount of money are lost. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) construction industry, one of the most vibrant sectors globally, is experiencing a high level of construction disputes and claims. This paper aims to identify and assess the major causes of disputes in the UAE and weigh the effectiveness of the methods used for their avoidance and resolution. The sources of disputes, and their avoidance/resolution methods, were identified through a comprehensive literature review. A survey was then developed and sent to 150 construction professionals. Fifty-four responses were received and analyzed. The results show that the top five sources of disputes in the UAE are variations initiated by the owner, obtaining permit/approval from the municipality and other governmental authorities, material change and approval during the construction phase, the slowness of the owner in decision-making, and the short time available during the design phase. As for the avoidance and the resolution method, the most effective method was found to be negotiation.
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Egercioglu, Yakup, and Caglayan Deniz Kaplan. "Revitalization of Ottoman Industrial Heritage in Kemeraltı and Izmir History Project." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 4 (August 8, 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i4.377.
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In this study, conservation and renovation proposals for Hamdi Dalan Soap Factory, where industrial production was carried out at various times especially after the Industrial Revolution, have been developed within the scope of integrating it with its built environment, settlement identity and public/social life. The building is located in Izmir Historical Kemeraltı zone and due to the technological developments of the later period and production oriented economic policies, has lost its function and has been abandoned. This paper aims to discuss a process of participation, implemented and intended works whose pros and cons will be determined. To achieve this, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality has carried out a multidisciplinary "Izmir History Project".© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Revitalization; Izmir History Project; Hamdi Dalan Soap Factory; TARKEM
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STURARO, MARCELO JOSÉ, JOÃO CARLOS LOPES COSTA, ADRIANO O. MACIEL, GERALDO R. LIMA-FILHO, FERNANDO J. M. ROJAS-RUNJAIC, DANIELA PAREJA MEJIA, SANTIAGO R. RON, and PEDRO L. V. PELOSO. "Resolving the taxonomic puzzle of Boana cinerascens (Spix, 1824), with resurrection of Hyla granosa gracilis Melin, 1941 (Anura: Hylidae)." Zootaxa 4750, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.1.
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Expeditions to unexplored or little explored places are important for discovering new species and also for collecting new samples (including specimens and tissues for DNA sequencing ) that may help resolve a plethora of taxonomic problems. In the 19th century, several naturalists explored a number of localities in Amazonia, describing species for which type material was deposited, mostly, in European museums of natural history. Some of these types were lost or destroyed in World War II and recent expeditions have focused on sampling new material from the type localities. material from Boana cinerascens, which allowed us to infer phylogenetic relationships of the Boana punctata group (i.e., green Boana), based on DNA sequence data, and to revaluate the status of B. cinerascens and its synonyms. We designate, redescribe and illustrate a neotype for B. cinerascens, which was described by Spix in 1824, from the Municipality of Tefé, State of Amazonas, Brazil. We revalidate, redescribe, and illustrate Hyla granosa gracilis Melin, 1941(= Boana gracilis). Corroborating previous studies, the green Boana were not recovered as a monophyletic group. Boana cinerascens is sister of B. gracilis plus a clade containing B. atlantica + B. punctata (both species not recovered as monophyletic).
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Hypólito, Thaís, Aline Mello, Flavia Sarti, and Regina Fisberg. "Associations Among Quality of Diet, Anxiety and Depression, and Absenteeism in Adults: A Population Base Study in Sao Paulo Municipality, Brazil." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_045.
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Abstract Objectives To assess associations among healthy behaviors, anxiety and depression, and absenteeism in adults living in Sao Paulo municipality (Brazil) in 2015, according to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Observational study based on cross-sectional individual-level data representative at population level in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Information on 637 adult individuals interviewed in Health Survey of Sao Paulo (ISA-Capital) conducted in 2015 were assessed to identify association among quality of diet, anxiety and depression, and absenteeism. Quality of diet was based on Revised Brazilian Healthy Eating Index of 24-hour recall (moderate to high quality of diet BHEI-R ≥60). Anxiety and depression were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Absenteeism was self-reported by individuals referring to proportion of days of absence of usual activities within last two weeks previous to interview. Probabilistic regressions were estimated to identify associations among target variables in relation to absenteeism (dependent variable), and controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software version 11. Results Individuals interviewed were predominantly men (51.7%), aged approximately 38 years-old with average household income per capita of US$414. Approximately 44.2% men and 42.1% women were eutrophic (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), and 0.6% of men and women had diagnosis of anxiety and depression. In terms of quality of diet, 49.8% of men and 44.6% of women has moderate to high quality. Approximately 4.7% men and 9.6% women had at least one day of absence at work due to health problems in the two weeks previous to the interview. In probabilistic regression, eutrophic individuals (b = −0.71; P = 0.000) and individuals with moderate to high diet quality (b = −0.60; P = 0.000) had lower probability of absenteeism, whilst individuals with diagnosis of anxiety and depression (b = 1.35; P = 0.000) had higher probability of absenteeism, controlling for sex, age and marital status. Conclusions Anxiety and depression showed significant positive association with proportion of productive days lost in Brazilian adults, whilst eutrophic body weight and healthier diet had negative relation with absenteeism. Funding Sources CAPES; FAPESP; Sao Paulo Municipal Health Department; CNPq.
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Tarkiainen, Ülle. "Vaestehoolekanne Põhja-Liivimaa külaühiskonnas 19. sajandil [Caring for the elderly and the poor in village society in the northern Livland in the nineteenth century]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2016.2.04.
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Caring for the old and the infirm was an organic part of life in village society. Peasant laws formed the legislative basis for providing the elderly and the infirm with care in the nineteenth century. The conditions of the poor in Estonian village society are considered in this article primarily on the basis of court materials. Care for orphans, the elderly and the sick is also observed. The centre of attention is the northern region of Livland in the latter half of the nineteenth century, where the widespread purchasing of farms for perpetuity also quickly altered the legal, economic and social relations that had hitherto prevailed in the area. It is evident that in the latter half of the nineteenth century, the Estonian peasantry had a strategy for how to manage in the event of inevitable aging and the loss of their capacity to work. In that time period, the owners of farms had the best opportunities for securing their old age. In gratuitous contracts or wills drawn up concerning one’s property, a section concerning the upkeep of the bequeather or the giver of the gift and his spouse became customary. Thus this is also a kind of pension agreement. The possession of moveable property or money made it possible to conclude upkeep agreements or to make other agreements. Children were of primary importance since they ordinarily looked after their parents until their parents died. If there were no children in the family or if they were all dead, a foster child was adopted who was also obliged to look after his foster parents. Thus wherever possible, people themselves aspired to actively affect how their old age would proceed. The primary aim thereat was nevertheless the aspiration to manage on one’s own strength in old age as well and not to be a burden on the rural municipality. Few people ended up below the threshold for welfare assistance for the poor from the rural municipality, and they were given aid either temporarily as necessary or continually. The infirm and the elderly accounted for over half of those cared for by the rural municipality, but the relative proportion of disabled persons was also large. The primary task of welfare aid for the poor at that time was considered to be the placement of poor people who were partially capable of working in the ordinary economic and life process in the countryside in one way or another. People who were incapable of working, old people with nobody to look after them, orphans, the ill and the disabled were placed in the care of families either permanently or for a certain limited time in a system of rotation between families in the community. This was supplemented by assistance for the poor. Begging or living on alms in the local area was also tolerated to a certain extent. Begging was a temporary or permanent way of living chosen or embraced by a person for particular economic and social reasons, such as loss of the capacity to work, lack of a place to live, illness, and mental or physical disability. Vagrancy and begging were extreme manifestations of poverty in the latter half of the nineteenth century and early in the twentieth century that demonstrated social exclusion and marginalisation. The migration of the poor to the towns and cities is an indication that poor relief provided by the rural municipalities was insufficient. Even though major changes took place in rural society in the latter half of the 19th century due to the transition to the payment of rents in money, the measurement of lots to consolidate landholdings into farms, and the purchase of farms, the relative proportion of the poor in need of assistance among the rural population increased relatively little, remaining at 1.5 percent of the rural population of Tartu district in 1878, for instance. This can be explained by the fact that the farming population tried to do everything in its power to make certain that it would not be necessary to rely on the assistance of the community of the rural municipality in old age. It turns out that regardless of social changes, the reasons for being reduced to accepting welfare assistance from the rural municipality, and the proportions of the different categories of the poor remained more or less unchanged throughout the nineteenth century. Primarily the elderly and also persons who had lost their capacity to work due to illness or disability continued to be the people receiving poverty assistance. Poorhouses started being built more extensively, however, as an important innovation in the latter half of the nineteenth century, and this altered the former framework of welfare for the poor. This meant a gradual decrease in the former rotational system of community care that took place in farms and its replacement by monetary donations.
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PELLEGRINI, THAIS GIOVANNINI, RODRIGO LOPES FERREIRA, ROBSON DE ALMEIDA ZAMPAULO, and LETÍCIA VIEIRA. "Coarazuphium lundi (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle, with the designation of a neotype for C. pains Álvares & Ferreira, 2002." Zootaxa 4878, no. 2 (November 13, 2020): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.4.
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In this paper, we describe Coarazuphium lundi sp. nov., from a single male specimen collected in Gruta 06L cave located in the municipality of Prudente de Morais (Minas Gerais state, Brazil). The two most striking differences between C. lundi and other species of the genus is the presence of two pairs of posterior supraorbital setae and the elytra shape with parallel, not rounded sides. Coarazuphium pains Álvares & Ferreira 2002 is an endemic species restricted to a few caves at the Bambuí Carbonatic Group in the midwest of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The holotype of C. pains was unfortunately lost in 2010, due to a fire that destroyed almost the entire zoological collection at the Butantã Institute, São Paulo state in Brazil. In recent years, several species of the genus have been described and compared to C. pains only based on its paper description, clearly prompting the need for the C. pains neotype designation. In order to provide a necessary standard for comparison, a neotype is designed for this species based on the material collected from the best approximation of the type locality (caves). Lastly, we also provide a brief discussion on the presence of eyespots of C. cessaima, originally described as blind.
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Esqueda, Valentín A. "Control de malezas en arroz de temporal con clomazone, solo y en mezcla con propanil y 2,4-D." Agronomía Mesoamericana 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v11i1.17343.
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Three experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of the herbicide clomazone, alone and mixed with propanil and 2,4-D on weed control and toxicity to rice cv. Milagro Filipino, growing under upland conditions. All the experiments were established in Los Naranjos, a rice-growing area located in the Municipality of Tres Valles, in the state of Veracruz. The dominant weed species in the experimental plots were Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colona, Cyperus rotundus, Scleria setuloso-ciliata and Malachra fasciata. Clomazone applied preemergent, efficiently controlled E. colona at 0,72 and 0,96 kg a. i./ha, but its effect was partial and temporary on S. setuloso-ciliata and it had no effect on C. iria and C. rotundus. Mixture of clomazone + propanil + 2,4-D efficiently controlled E. colona and C. iria from 0.60 + 1.44 + 0.24 kg a. i./ha. It also had a good initial control of C. rotundus, but its effect was completely lost between 45 and 60 days after the application and its effect on S. setuloso-ciliata was influenced by the soil moisture: the higher the moisture the better this weed was controlled and viceversa. Rice grain yields obtained in plots where clomazone, alone or mixed with propanil and 2,4-D was applied were statistically similar to those obtained in plots where the weed control regional treatment was applied.
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PIETROGRANDE, Enrico, Alessandro DALLA CANEVA, and Ignasi NAVÀS SALVADÓ. "DISUSED AREAS AND URBAN REGENERATION. THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF VICENZA, ITALY." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 1 (March 27, 2017): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1296796.
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This work concerns Vicenza, a city located not far from Venice in the north-east corner of Italy, and it specifically refers to an area situated on the outskirts of the city’s urban fabric between the perimeter of its ancient walls and the banks of the Bacchiglione river, in the shadow of the abandoned monastery of St. Biagio. The idea of restoring that physically and socially degraded area of the city of Vicenza has long been the object of discussion on the part of local authorities. Once intimately linked to the city’s historic center, the area gradually lost its functional and social identity becoming first a parking lot and then equipped as a city warehouse. The intent to regenerate the area and the observation that the relationship between the city and its river is constantly refused, or delayed, lead to recognize in the long edge of the area a unique meeting opportunity which allows to repair the water-city association, recuperating rituals and connections from the past. The municipality is presently planning on pursuing a qualitative restoration of the area which will be used for social and cultural enrichment. The final part of the current work outlines some proposals that were developed during the Architectural and Urban Composition 2 course recently offered by the Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering of the University of Padua (Italy).
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Stacherzak, Agnieszka, and Maria Hełdak. "Borough Development Dependent on Agricultural, Tourism, and Economy Levels." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020415.
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The study addresses the problem of functional transformations covering rural and urban-rural municipalities in Lower Silesia voivodship, according to the adopted functional typology of municipalities. The division of municipalities into functional types is a continuation of the research conducted in 1996, 2005, and 2010. The year 2016 was adopted as the base year for comparison, using the same criteria for their classification: the level of industrialization, the structure of the economy, and the level of tourist infrastructure development. The statistical analysis carried out within the framework of the study covered changes in the municipalities’ proportions of particular functional types between 1996, 2005, and 2016 and also the impact assessment of the quality of agricultural area and unemployment rate in relation to the determined municipality type. In order to obtain the research results, the statistical analysis using Cochran’s Q test was, among others, performed to determine changes in the proportions of municipalities and also one-way analysis of variance between groups was conducted to establish the indicated correlations. In the case of obtaining a statistically significant result, paired comparisons were carried out (between the types of municipalities) using Hommel’s procedure. The conducted analysis confirmed the adopted research theses, i.e., in the studied period from 1996 to 2016, the majority of the analyzed regions lost their agricultural function in favor of the industrial function.
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Kocur-Bera, Katarzyna, and Karol Szuniewicz. "Socio-Spatial Aspects of Shrinking Municipalities: A Case Study of the Post-Communist Region of North-East Poland." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052929.
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Urban shrinkage has become a common feature for a growing number of European cities and urban regions. Cities in Europe have lost populations during the previous few decades, many of them in the post-communist countries. A similar phenomenon has been observed in smaller units: municipalities and villages. Shrinking towns/municipalities/villages grapple with insufficiently used housing infrastructure, a decrease in labor force, investment and in the number of jobs. This analysis examines the socio-spatial factors present in municipalities in the north-east of Poland, which are expected to experience the greatest population decrease by 2030. The study focused mainly on determinants with the greatest impact on the good life standards. It also sought to answer why the population growth forecasts for these units are so unpromising. The findings have shown that the majority of determinants adopted in the conceptual model describing the good life standards are below the reference values. The applied taxonomic measure of good life standards (TMGL) method allowed for identifying five municipality clusters representing “different speeds” at which these forecasts are fulfilled. Two clusters have dominant determinants in five criteria and three clusters, in two criteria adopted in the conceptual model. The findings indicate that approx. 35% of the municipalities under analysis have a chance for stabilization of the population size, provided local stakeholders take some targeted actions.
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Santos da Silva, Luiz Carlos, and Estevane de Paula Pontes Mendes. "A CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAPINÓPOLIS (MG) E O (RE)ORDENAMENTO SOCIOTERRITORIAL." Revista Cerrados 14, no. 02 (March 18, 2020): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v14n22016p184a201.
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O presente artigo é parte dos resultados da dissertação de mestrado e tem como objetivo compreender as transformações socioespaciais no município de Capinópolis (MG) decorrentes da territorialização da agroindústria canavieira Vale do Paranaíba. Assim, buscamos entender os efeitos sociais na vida dos trabalhadores que migraram da região Nordeste do país ao município de Capinópolis (MG) para a atividade do corte de cana. A metodologia constitui-se pela revisão teórica dos autores que discutem a temática da cana-de-açúcar e a migração, bem como pela pesquisa documental, por meio de sites do IBGE, da SIAMIG e da Prefeitura de Capinópolis (MG), e pela pesquisa de campo, que nos deu a dimensão do problema aqui levantado. Em seguida, foram feitas as tabulações dos dados da pesquisa, os quais foram transformados em gráficos e fotos. Percebemos que dezenas de trabalhadores perderam seus empregos e foram obrigados a desempenhar outras atividades para poderem sobreviver.
Palavras-chave:Capinópolis (MG); Agroindústria canavieira; Migração. Crise.
THE SUGARCANE IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CAPINÓPOLIS (MG) AND THE SOCIO-TERRITORIAL (RE)ARRANGEMENT
Abstract
This article is part of the dissertation results and aims to understand the transformations socioespaciais in the municipality of Capinópolis (MG) due to the territorialisation of the sugarcane agroindustry Vale do Paranaíba. In this order, we want to understand the social effects on the lives of workers who migrate in the Northeast region of the country to the municipality of Capinópolis (MG) to the activity of cane cutting. The methodology was based on theoretical review of the authors that discuss the subject of sugarcane and migration, in addition to the documentary search through websites of IBGE, SIAMIG, Capinópolis (MG) and the field research that gave us the scale of the issue here raised. Then, tabs were made of the research data and turned into charts, tables and pictures. We realize that dozens of workers have lost their jobs and were forced to carry out other activities in order to survive.
Keywords: Capinópolis (MG); Sugarcane agroindustry; Migration. Crisis.
LA CAÑA DE AZÚCAR EN EL MUNICIPIO DE CAPINÓPOLIS (MG) Y EL (RE)ORDENAMIENTO SOCIOTERRITORIAL
Resumen
Este artículo es parte de los resultados de tesis y tiene como objetivo comprender las transformaciones socio-espaciales en la ciudad de Capinópolis (MG) debido a la territorialización de la caña de azúcar industrial Vale do Paranaíba. Con ese fin, queremos entender los efectos sociales de los trabajadores que emigran de la región noreste del municipio de Capinópolis (MG) para la actividad de corte de caña. La metodología se basa en la revisión teórica de los autores que tratan sobre el tema de la caña de azúcar y la migración, así como la investigación documental por los sitios del IBGE, SIAMIG, Prefectura de Capinópolis (MG) y la investigación de campo que nos dio la magnitud del problema aquí levantó. A continuación, las tabulaciones de datos de búsqueda se hicieron y se transforman en gráficos, tablas y fotos. Nos damos cuenta de que decenas de trabajadores perdieron sus puestos de trabajo y se vieron obligados a realizar otras actividades para sobrevivir.
Palabras clave: Capinópolis (MG); Agroindustria de lacaña de azúcar; Migración. Crisis.
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AL BATTARAN, Tameer Mohammad, and Raed AL TAL. "Between Marginalization and Integration – Hawkers on the Streets in Downtown, Amman, Jordan." Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning 11, no. 2 (October 17, 2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jssp.2020.2.02.
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Hawkers are very common in Jordan and are mostly present in condensed urban areas such as the downtown of Amman. Hawkers in this area suffer due to daily eviction campaigns carried out by Amman Municipality and other parties. They consider them to be the main cause of visual pollution and trouble to shop owners and pedestrians in the downtown area. This study is a field ethnographic study by implementing an embedded design. The study uses qualitative data, which is supported by quantitative data analysed by using the SPSS software. The findings of the study are the result of a deep understanding of the patterns of hawkers using the qualitative methodology, which reveals how hawkers generally obstruct sidewalks by displaying their goods and with their physical presence. The marginalization experienced by hawkers has a great effect on them psychologically and financially because they are on constant alert to evade eviction campaigns, and if arrested they are at risk of losing a large part of their goods, which are sometimes stolen or lost. Results show that there is a correlation between them and that physical defensibility is higher than social defensibility. This research is an appropriate standing point in investigating and developing solutions for this issue in downtown, Amman, Jordan, and similar cases in different settings. The outcome of this study is a comprehensive and descriptive spatial analysis that can provide socio-spatial interpretations and can recommend urban response policies in re-defining the meaning of urban space.