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Journal articles on the topic 'Love wave acoustic sensor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Hu, You Wang, Ji Wen Xiang, and Xiao Yan Sun. "Temperature Compensation Experiment of Love Wave Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.673.

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Love wave sensor is one of the most promising SAW sensors for liquid detection, because of acoustic energy can be confined in sensing surface by waveguide layer of Love wave sensor, which resulted in higher sensitivity to surface perturbations. Temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) has deep effect on effective sensitivity of Love wave sensor. In order to improve the performance of Love wave sensor, the theoretical relationship of TCF on substrates and guiding layers temperature properties is researched. It found that reasonable combinations of substrates and guiding layers was a feasible method to obtain effective temperature compensation, and experimental TCF of sensitive element is reduced to 0.75ppm/°C by this method.

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2

Tian, Yahui, Honglang Li, Wencan Chen, et al. "A Novel Love Wave Mode Sensor Waveguide Layer with Microphononic Crystals." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (2021): 8123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178123.

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have been applied in various areas with many advantages, such as their small size, high sensitivity and wireless and passive form. Love wave mode sensors, an important kind of SAW sensor, are mostly used in biology and chemistry monitoring, as they can be used in a liquid environment. Common Love wave mode sensors consist of a delay line with waveguide and sensitive layers. To extend the application of Love wave mode sensors, this article reports a novel Love wave mode sensor consisting of a waveguide layer with microphononic crystals (PnCs). To analyze the properties of the new structure, the band structure was calculated, and transmission was obtained by introducing delay line structures and quasi-three-dimensional models. Furthermore, devices with a traditional structure and novel structure were fabricated. The results show that, by introducing the designed microstructure of phononic crystals in the waveguide layer, the attenuation was barely increased, and the frequency was shifted by a small amount. In the liquid environmental experiments, the novel structure with micro PnCs shows even better character than the traditional one. Moreover, the introduced microstructure can be extended to microreaction tanks for microcontrol. Therefore, this novel Love wave mode sensor is a promising application for combining acoustic sensors and microfluidics.

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3

Viespe, Dinca, Popescu-Pelin, and Miu. "Love Wave Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor with Laser-Deposited Nanoporous Gold Sensitive Layer." Sensors 19, no. 20 (2019): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204492.

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Laser-deposited gold immobilization layers with different porosities were incorporated into Love Wave Surface Acoustic Wave sensors (LW-SAWs). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme was immobilized onto three gold interfaces with different morphologies, and the sensor response to chloroform was measured. The response of the sensors to various chloroform concentrations indicates that their sensing properties (sensitivity, limit of detection) are considerably improved when the gold layers are porous, in comparison to a conventional dense gold layer. The results obtained can be used to improve properties of SAW-based biosensors by controlling the nanostructure of the gold immobilization layer, in combination with other enzymes and proteins, since the design of the present sensor is the same as that for a Love Wave biosensor.

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4

Dbibih, Fatima-Ezzahraa, Meddy Vanotti, Valerie Soumann, Jean-Marc Cote, Lyes Djoumi, and Virginie Blondeau-Patissier. "Measurement of PM10 and PM2.5 Using SAW Sensors-Based Rayleigh Wave and Love Wave." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10129.

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Particulate matter (PM) is reported to be dangerous and can cause respiratory and health issues. Regulations, based on PM concentration, have been implemented to limit human exposition to air pollution. An innovative system with surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors combined with a 3 Lpm cascade impactor was developed by our team for real time mass concentration measurements. In this study, we compare the PM sensitivity of two types of SAW sensors. The first one consists of delay lines based on Rayleigh waves propagating on a Lithium Niobate Y-X 128° substrate. The second one is a based-on Love waves on AT-Quartz. Aerosols were generated from NaCl for PM2.5 and from Silicon carbide for PM10. The sensors’ responses was compared to a reference sensor based on optical measurements. The sensitivity of the Rayleigh wave-based sensor is clearly lower than the Love wave sensor for both PMs. Although less sensitive, Rayleigh wave sensors remain very promising for the development of self-cleaning sensors using RF power due to their high electromechanical factor. To check the performance of our system in real conditions, we tested the sensitivity to PM from cigarette smoke using Rayleigh SAW. The PM2.5 stage showed a phase shift while the PM10 did not respond. This result agrees with previous studies which reported that the size of particles from cigarette smoke varies between 0.1 to 1.5 µm. A good correlation between the reference sensor’s response and the phase variation of SAW sensors was obtained.

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5

Zhang, Guigen. "Nanostructure-Enhanced Surface Acoustic Waves Biosensor and Its Computational Modeling." Journal of Sensors 2009 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/215085.

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are considered to be very promising in providing a high-performance sensing platform with wireless and remote operational capabilities. In this review, the basic principles of SAW devices and Love-mode SAW-based biosensors are discussed first to illustrate the need for surface enhancement for the active area of a SAW sensor. Then some of the recent efforts made to incorporate nanostructures into SAW sensors are summarized. After that, a computational approach to elucidate the underlying mechanism for the operations of a Love-mode SAW biosensor with nanostructured active surface is discussed. Finally, a modeling example for a Love-mode SAW sensor with skyscraper nanopillars added to in its active surface along with some selected results is presented.

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6

Wang, Yan, Su-Peng Liang, Shu-Lin Shang, Yong-Bing Xiao, and Yu-Xin Yuan. "Finite element simulation of Love wave sensor for the detection of volatile organic gases." Chinese Physics B 31, no. 3 (2022): 030701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac3ec9.

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The three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) simulation and analysis of Love wave sensors based on polyisobutylene (PIB) layers/SiO2/ST-90°X quartz structure are presented in this paper, as well as the investigation of coupled resonance effect on the acoustic properties of the devices. The mass sensitivity of the basic Love wave device with SiO2 guiding layers is solved analytically. And the highest mass sensitivity of 128 m2/kg is obtained as h s/λ = 0.175. The sensitivity of the Love wave sensors for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is greatly improved due to the presence of coupled resonance induced by the PIB nanorods on the device surface. The frequency shifts of the sensor corresponding to CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, C2Cl4, CH3Cl and C2HCl3 with the concentration of 100 ppm are 1.431 kHz, 5.507 kHz, 13.437 kHz, 85.948 kHz, 0.127 kHz and 17.879 kHz, respectively. The viscoelasticity influence of the sensitive material on the characteristics of SAW sensors is also studied. By taking account of the viscoelasticity of the PIB layers, the sensitivities of the SAW sensors with the PIB film and PIB nanorods decay in different degree. The gas sensing property of the Love wave sensor with PIB nanorods is superior to that of the PIB films. Meanwhile, the Love wave sensors with PIB sensitive layers show good selectivity to C2Cl4, making it an ideal selection for gas sensing applications.

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7

Varadan, Vasundara V., Sunil Gangadharan, and Vijay K. Varadan. "Love wave surface acoustic wave sensor for ice detection on aircraft." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, no. 4 (1999): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.427751.

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8

Tarbague, H., J. L. Lachaud, S. Destor, et al. "PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Chip Molding for Love Wave Biosensor." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 5, no. 2 (2010): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v5i2.318.

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We present the development of new Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips, which are coupled with Love acoustic wave sensors to realize a detection cell of bio-organisms in liquid media. Three generations of biocompatible PDMS chips have been developed. Built-in thermistors allow a thermal control (±0.05°C). Unlike the usual assemblies, this chip is maintained by pressure on the sensor and not sticked on its surface. This technique makes it entirely removable and cleanable. Therefore, the surface of the sensor can be functionalized or regenerated. The realization of these chips is quick and inexpensive.We here outline the development of these different cells and present characteristics of the resulting microsensors, depending on the chip configuration. Real-time responses during antibodies immobilization are presented and analyzed. Antibodies at typical concentration of 45μg/ml are successfully fast detected, with response times from 350s for static down to 90s for dynamic detection setup, with similar sensitivity. Discussions on the mechanical fluid behaviour at the near sensor surface allow to better understand these results and to investigate further developments aiming at improving the quality of the fluid stream in order to even increase future sensor characteristics.

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9

Wang, Tao, Ryan Murphy, Jing Wang, Shyam S. Mohapatra, Subhra Mohapatra, and Rasim Guldiken. "Perturbation Analysis of a Multiple Layer Guided Love Wave Sensor in a Viscoelastic Environment." Sensors 19, no. 20 (2019): 4533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204533.

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Surface acoustic wave sensors have the advantage of fast response, low-cost, and wireless interfacing capability and they have been used in the medical analysis, material characterization, and other application fields that immerse the device under a liquid environment. The theoretical analysis of the single guided layer shear horizontal acoustic wave based on the perturbation theory has seen developments that span the past 20 years. However, multiple guided layer systems under a liquid environment have not been thoroughly analyzed by existing theoretical models. A dispersion equation previously derived from a system of three rigidly coupled elastic mass layers is extended and developed in this study with multiple guided layers to analyze how the liquid layer’s properties affect the device’s sensitivity. The combination of the multiple layers to optimize the sensitivity of an acoustic wave sensor is investigated in this study. The Maxwell model of viscoelasticity is applied to represent the liquid layer. A thorough analysis of the complex velocity due to the variations of the liquid layer’s properties and thickness is derived and discussed to optimize multilayer Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor design. Numerical simulation of the sensitivity with a liquid layer on top of two guided layers is investigated in this study as well. The parametric investigation was conducted by varying the thicknesses for the liquid layer and the guided layers. The effect of the liquid layer viscosity on the sensitivity of the design is also presented in this study. The two guided layer device can achieve higher sensitivity than the single guided layer counterpart in a liquid environment by optimizing the second guided layer thickness. This perturbation analysis is valuable for Love wave sensor optimization to detect the liquid biological samples and analytes.

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10

Segura Chávez, Pedro A., Jérémy Bonhomme, Mohamed Lamine Fayçal Bellaredj, et al. "Love Wave Sensor with High Penetration Depth for Potential Application in Cell Monitoring." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020061.

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Love wave (L-SAW) sensors have been used to probe cell monolayers, but their application to detect changes beyond the focal adhesion points on cell monolayers, as viscosity changes on the cytoskeleton, has not been explored. In this work we present for the first time a Love wave sensor with tuned penetration depth and sensitivity to potentially detect mechanical changes beyond focal adhesion points of cell monolayers. We designed and fabricated a Love wave sensor operating at 30 MHz with sensitivity to detect viscous changes between 0.89 and 3.3 cP. The Love wave sensor was modeled using an acoustic transmission line model, whereas the response of interdigital transducers (IDTs) was modeled with the Campbell’s cross-field circuit model. Our design uses a substrate with a high electromechanical coupling coefficient (LiNbO3 36Y-X), and an 8-µm polymeric guiding layer (SU-8). The design aims to overcome the high insertion losses of viscous liquid environments, and the loss of sensitivity due to the low frequency. The fabricated sensor was tested in a fluidic chamber glued directly to the SU-8 guiding layer. Our experiments with liquids of viscosity similar to those expected in cell monolayers showed a measurable sensor response. In addition, experimentation with SaOs-2 cells within a culture medium showed measurable responses. These results can be of interest for the development of novel cell-based biosensors, and novel characterization tools for cell monolayers.

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11

Wang, Wen, Shuyao Fan, Yong Liang, et al. "Enhanced Sensitivity of a Love Wave-Based Methane Gas Sensor Incorporating a Cryptophane-A Thin Film." Sensors 18, no. 10 (2018): 3247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103247.

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A Love wave-based sensing chip incorporating a supramolecular cryptophane A (CrypA) thin film was proposed for methane gas sensing in this work. The waveguide effect in the structure of SiO2/36° YX LiTaO3 will confine the acoustic wave energy in SiO2 thin-film, which contributes well to improvement of the mass loading sensitivity. The CrypA synthesized from vanillyl alcohol by a double trimerisation method was dropped onto the wave propagation path of the sensing device, and the adsorption to methane gas molecules by supramolecular interactions in CrypA modulates the acoustic wave propagation, and the corresponding frequency shifts were connected as the sensing signal. A theoretical analysis was performed to extract the coupling of modes for sensing devices simulation. Also, the temperature self-compensation of the Love wave devices was also achieved by using reverse polarity of the temperature coefficient in each media in the waveguide structure. The developed CrypA coated Love wave sensing device was connected into the differential oscillation loop, and the corresponding gas sensitive characterization was investigated. High sensitivity, fast response, and excellent temperature stability were successfully achieved.

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12

Samarentsis, Anastasios G., Alexandros K. Pantazis, Achilleas Tsortos, Jean-Michel Friedt, and Electra Gizeli. "Hybrid Sensor Device for Simultaneous Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface Acoustic Wave Measurements." Sensors 20, no. 21 (2020): 6177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216177.

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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Love wave (LW) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have been established as reliable biosensing technologies for label-free, real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. This work reports the development of a combined SPR/LW-SAW platform to facilitate simultaneous optical and acoustic measurements for the investigation of biomolecules binding on a single surface. The system’s output provides recordings of two acoustic parameters, phase and amplitude of a Love wave, synchronized with SPR readings. We present the design and manufacturing of a novel experimental set-up employing, in addition to the SPR/LW-SAW device, a 3D-printed plastic holder combined with a PDMS microfluidic cell so that the platform can be used in a flow-through mode. The system was evaluated in a systematic study of the optical and acoustic responses for different surface perturbations, i.e., rigid mass loading (Au deposition), pure viscous loading (glycerol and sucrose solutions) and protein adsorption (BSA). Our results provide the theoretical and experimental basis for future application of the combined system to other biochemical and biophysical studies.

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13

Puiu, Mihaela, Ana-Maria Gurban, Lucian Rotariu, Simona Brajnicov, Cristian Viespe, and Camelia Bala. "Enhanced Sensitive Love Wave Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Designed for Immunoassay Formats." Sensors 15, no. 5 (2015): 10511–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150510511.

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14

Tamarin, Ollivier, Maxence Rube, Jean Luc Lachaud, Vincent Raimbault, Dominique Rebière, and Corinne Dejous. "Mobile Acoustic Wave Platform Deployment in the Amazon River: Impact of the Water Sample on the Love Wave Sensor Response." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010072.

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This paper presents an experimental platform allowing in situ measurement in an aqueous medium using an acoustic Love wave sensor. The aim of this platform, which includes the sensor, a test cell for electrical connections, a microfluidic chip, and a readout electronic circuit, is to realize a first estimation of water quality without transportation of water samples from the field to the laboratory as a medium-term objective. In the first step, to validate the ability of such a platform to operate in the field and in Amazonian water, an isolated and difficult-to-access location, namely, the floodplain Logo Do Curuaï in the Brazilian Amazon, was chosen. The ability of such a platform to be transported, installed on site, and used is discussed in terms of user friendliness and versatility. The response of the Love wave sensor to in situ water samples is estimated according to the physical parameters of Amazonian water. Finally, the very good quality of the acoustic response is established, potential further improvements are discussed, and the paper is concluded.

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15

Tamarin, Ollivier, Maxence Rube, Jean Luc Lachaud, Vincent Raimbault, Dominique Rebière, and Corinne Dejous. "Mobile acoustic wave platform deployment in the Amazon River: Impact of the water sample on the Love wave sensor response." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2019): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010072.

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This paper presents an experimental platform allowing in situ measurement in aqueous medium using an acoustic Love wave sensor. The aim of this platform, which includes the sensor, a test cell for electrical connections, a microfluidic chip, and a readout electronic circuit, is to realize a first estimation of water quality without transportation of water samples from the field to the laboratory as a medium-term objective. In the first step, to validate the ability of such a platform to operate in the field and in Amazonian water, an isolated and difficult-to-access location, namely, the floodplain Logo Do Curuaï in the Brazilian Amazon, was chosen. The ability of such a platform to be transported, installed on site, and used is discussed in terms of user friendliness and versatility. The response of the Love wave sensor to in situ water samples is estimated according to the physical parameters of Amazonian water. Finally, the very good quality of the acoustic response is established, potential further improvements are discussed, and the paper is concluded.

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16

Caliendo, C., E. Verona, A. D'Amico, M. Mascini, and D. Moscone. "Acoustic love-wave sensor for K+ concentration in H2O solutions." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 7, no. 1-3 (1992): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(92)80372-5.

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17

Li, Luming, Mingyong Zhou, Lei Huang, and Bingyan Jiang. "Finite Element Study for Mass Sensitivity of Love Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor with Si3N4-SiO2 Double-Covered Waveguiding Layer." Micromachines 14, no. 9 (2023): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091696.

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Love surface acoustic wave (L-SAW) sensors are miniaturized, easy to integrate, and suitable for detection in liquid environments. In this paper, an L-SAW sensor with a thin Si3N4-SiO2 double-covered layer was proposed for samples with small mass loads. The output response, phase velocity of the acoustic wave, and the mass sensitivity were analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show that the Si3N4 layer with high wave velocity greatly weakens the limitation of SiO2 on the phase velocity. The phase velocity can reach about 4300 m/s, which can increase the frequency shift when the same mass load is applied. Within a certain range, the mass sensitivity of the sensor is enhanced with the increase in the total thickness of the waveguiding layer and the thickness ratio of Si3N4 in the double-covered layer. When the thickness ratio is 1:2, the peak value of the mass sensitivity of the sensor is approximately 50% higher than that achieved with only the SiO2 waveguiding layer. The surface average stress of the delay line region follows the same trend as the mass sensitivity. The increase in mass sensitivity is the result of the heightened stress on the sensor surface. This L-SAW sensor, featuring a double-covered waveguiding layer, demonstrates high sensitivity and a simple structure. The simulation results lay a foundation for the design and manufacture of SAW sensors.

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18

Grabka, Michał, Krzysztof Jasek, and Zygfryd Witkiewicz. "Surface Acoustic Wave Immunosensor for Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin." Sensors 23, no. 18 (2023): 7688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187688.

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A Love-type acoustic wave sensor (AT-cut quartz substrate, SiO2 guiding layer) with a center frequency of approximately 120 MHz was used to detect a simulant of pathogenic botulinum neurotoxin type A—recombinant of BoNT-A light chain—in liquid samples. The sensor was prepared by immobilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for botulinum neurotoxin via a thiol monolayer deposited on a gold substrate. Studies have shown that the sensor enables selective analyte detection within a few minutes. In addition, the sensor can be used several times (regeneration of the sensor is possible using a low pH buffer). Nevertheless, the detectability of the analyte is relatively low compared to other analytical techniques that can be used for rapid detection of botulinum neurotoxin. The obtained results confirm the operation of the proposed sensor and give hope for further development of this label-free technique for detecting botulinum neurotoxin.

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19

Šetka, Milena, Fabio A. Bahos, Daniel Matatagui, et al. "Love Wave Sensors with Silver Modified Polypyrrole Nanoparticles for VOCs Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 5 (2020): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051432.

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Love wave sensors with silver-modified polypyrrole nanoparticles are developed in this work. These systems prove functional at room temperature with enhanced response, sensitivity and response time, as compared to other state-of-the-art surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, towards volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Results demonstrate the monitoring of hundreds of ppb of compounds such as acetone, ethanol and toluene with low estimated limits of detection (~3 ppb for acetone). These results are attributed to the use of silver-modified polypyrrole as a second guiding/sensitive layer in the Love wave sensor structure, which provides further chemically active sites for the gas-solid interactions. The sensing of low VOCs concentrations by micro sensing elements as those presented here could be beneficial in future systems for air quality control, food quality control or disease diagnosis via exhaled breath as the limits of detection obtained are within those required in these applications.

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20

Du, J., G. L. Harding, J. A. Ogilvy, P. R. Dencher, and M. Lake. "A study of Love-wave acoustic sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 56, no. 3 (1996): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(96)01311-8.

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21

Wu, T. T., and T. Y. Wu. "Surface Waves in Coated Anisotropic Medium Loaded With Viscous Liquid." Journal of Applied Mechanics 67, no. 2 (1999): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1304840.

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The development of micro-acoustic wave sensor in biosensing created the need for further investigations of the surface wave propagation in a viscous liquid loaded layered medium. In this paper, we employed the sextic formalism of surface waves to study the viscous effect on the dispersion and attenuation characteristics of surface waves in a viscous liquid loaded layered medium. The dispersion relation for the viscous liquid loaded single-layered anisotropic half-space is given. Numerical examples of the Rayleigh wave and Love wave dispersion for the cases of a Cu/Fe layered half-space (isotropic) and of a SiO2/Si layered half-space (anisotropic) loaded with viscous liquid are calculated and discussed. [S0021-8936(00)01902-4]

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22

Zeng, Yujia, Rui Yuan, Hao Fu, Zhangliang Xu, and Song Wei. "Foodborne pathogen detection using surface acoustic wave biosensors: a review." RSC Advances 14, no. 50 (2024): 37087–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra06697a.

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23

Schmalz, Julius, Anne Kittmann, Phillip Durdaut, et al. "Multi-Mode Love-Wave SAW Magnetic-Field Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 12 (2020): 3421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123421.

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A surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) magnetic-field sensor utilizing fundamental, first- and second-order Love-wave modes is investigated. A 4.5 μ m SiO2 guiding layer on an ST-cut quartz substrate is coated with a 200 n m (Fe90Co10)78Si12B10 magnetostrictive layer in a delay-line configuration. Love-waves are excited and detected by two interdigital transducers (IDT). The delta-E effect in the magnetostrictive layer causes a phase change with applied magnetic field. A sensitivity of 1250 ° / m T is measured for the fundamental Love mode at 263 M Hz . For the first-order Love mode a value of 45 ° / m T is obtained at 352 M Hz . This result is compared to finite-element-method (FEM) simulations using one-dimensional (1D) and two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5 D) models. The FEM simulations confirm the large drop in sensitivity as the first-order mode is close to cut-off. For multi-mode operation, we identify as a suitable geometry a guiding layer to wavelength ratio of h GL / λ ≈ 1.5 for an IDT pitch of p = 12 μ m . For this layer configuration, the first three modes are sufficiently far away from cut-off and show good sensitivity.

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Xu, Zhangliang, and Yong J. Yuan. "Quantification ofStaphylococcus aureususing surface acoustic wave sensors." RSC Advances 9, no. 15 (2019): 8411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09790a.

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Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface acoustic wave (SAW)-Rayleigh and ZnO based SAW-Love sensors were fabricated and their sensitivity was comparatively analyzed for the quantification ofStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus).

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Huang, Naixing, Enwei Sun, Rui Zhang, et al. "Temperature Dependence of Normalized Sensitivity of Love Wave Sensor of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composite on Mn-Doped 0.24PIN-0.46PMN-0.30PT Single Crystal Substrate." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238442.

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Love wave sensors have attracted significant interest due to their high sensitivity and low attenuation. Love mode acoustic dispersion relation, highest normalized mass sensitivity, optimum normalized waveguide layer thickness, and temperature coefficients of frequency (TCF) were theoretically studied for the carbon fiber epoxy composites (CFEC)/Mn:0.24PIN-0.46PMN-0.30PT structure sensor. The highest normalized mass sensitivity exhibits a decreasing trend as the temperature increases from 25 °C to 55 °C. TCF can be improved by increasing the normalized layer thickness (h/λ); however, the temperature dependence of normalized mass sensitivity decreases. For the carbon fibers (CFs) in the CFEC waveguide along the propagation direction of Love wave, the device has a relatively small TCF of −10.92 ppm/°C at h/λ = 0.4001, where the normalized mass sensitivity is approximately 1.5 times that of a typical fused quartz/ST-quartz configuration device. The theoretical results imply that good temperature stability and high measurement precision were obtained from the device in the system CFEC/Mn:0.24PIN-0.46PMN-0.30PT with the CFs in the CFEC along the propagation direction of Love wave (x-axis). The ideal waveguide material requires a small elastic constant c44; however, the ideal piezoelectric substrate requires large elastic constants c44E and c66E.

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Puiu, Mihaela, Lucian-Gabriel Zamfir, Valentin Buiculescu, Angela Baracu, Cristina Mitrea, and Camelia Bala. "Significance Testing and Multivariate Analysis of Datasets from Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensors: Prediction and Assay Validation for Surface Binding of Large Analytes." Sensors 18, no. 10 (2018): 3541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103541.

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In this study, we performed uni- and multivariate data analysis on the extended binding curves of several affinity pairs: immobilized acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/bioconjugates of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and immobilized anti-AFB1 monoclonal antibody/AFB1-protein carriers. The binding curves were recorded on three mass sensitive cells operating in batch configurations: one commercial surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor and two custom-made Love wave surface-acoustic wave (LW-SAW) sensors. We obtained 3D plots depicting the time-evolution of the sensor response as a function of analyte concentration using real-time SPR binding sensograms. These “calibration” surfaces exploited the transient periods of the extended kinetic curves, prior to equilibrium, creating a “fingerprint” for each analyte, in considerably shortened time frames compared to the conventional 2D calibration plots. The custom-made SAW sensors operating in different experimental conditions allowed the detection of AFB1-protein carrier in the nanomolar range. Subsequent statistical significance tests were performed on unpaired data sets to validate the custom-made LW-SAW sensors.

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Durdaut, Phillip, Cai Müller, Anne Kittmann, et al. "Phase Noise of SAW Delay Line Magnetic Field Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165631.

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors for the detection of magnetic fields are currently being studied scientifically in many ways, especially since both their sensitivity as well as their detectivity could be significantly improved by the utilization of shear horizontal surface acoustic waves, i.e., Love waves, instead of Rayleigh waves. By now, low-frequency limits of detection (LOD) below 100 pT/Hz can be achieved. However, the LOD can only be further improved by gaining a deep understanding of the existing sensor-intrinsic noise sources and their impact on the sensor’s overall performance. This paper reports on a comprehensive study of the inherent noise of SAW delay line magnetic field sensors. In addition to the noise, however, the sensitivity is of importance, since both quantities are equally important for the LOD. Following the necessary explanations of the electrical and magnetic sensor properties, a further focus is on the losses within the sensor, since these are closely linked to the noise. The considered parameters are in particular the ambient magnetic bias field and the input power of the sensor. Depending on the sensor’s operating point, various noise mechanisms contribute to f0 white phase noise, f−1 flicker phase noise, and f−2 random walk of phase. Flicker phase noise due to magnetic hysteresis losses, i.e. random fluctuations of the magnetization, is usually dominant under typical operating conditions. Noise characteristics are related to the overall magnetic and magnetic domain behavior. Both calculations and measurements show that the LOD cannot be further improved by increasing the sensitivity. Instead, the losses occurring in the magnetic material need to be decreased.

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Li, Chong, Jikai Zhang, Haiyu Xie, et al. "Highly Sensitive Love Mode Acoustic Wave Platform with SiO2 Wave-Guiding Layer and Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigens." Biosensors 12, no. 7 (2022): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070536.

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A highly sensitive and precise Love wave mode surface acoustic wave (SAW) immunosensor based on an ST-cut 90°X quartz substrate and an SiO2 wave-guiding layer was developed to detect cancer-related biomarkers of carcinoembryonic antigens (CEAs). A delay line structure of the SAW device with a resonant frequency of 196 MHz was designed/fabricated, and its surface was functionalized through CEA antibody immobilization. The CEA antibodies were bound with gold nanoparticles and CEA antibodies to form a sandwich structure, which significantly amplified the mass loading effect and enhanced the maximum responses by 30 times. The center frequency of the Love wave immunosensor showed a linear response as a function of the CEA concentration in the range of 0.2–5 ng/mL. It showed a limit of detection of 0.2 ng/mL, and its coefficient of determination was 0.983. The sensor also showed minimal interference from nonspecific adsorptions, thus demonstrating its promise for point-of-care applications for cancer biomarkers.

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Liu, Xiangli, Bei Tong, Jun Ou-Yang, et al. "Self-biased vector magnetic sensor based on a Love-type surface acoustic wave resonator." Applied Physics Letters 113, no. 8 (2018): 082402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5044478.

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Chen, Xi, Meng Wang, and Gang Zhao. "Point-of-Care Assessment of Hemostasis with a Love-Mode Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor." ACS Sensors 5, no. 1 (2020): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.9b02382.

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31

Sahu, Sanjeev Anand, Juhi Baroi, A. Chattopadhyay, and Sonal Nirwal. "Characterization of Polarized Shear Waves in FGPM Composite Structure with Imperfect Boundary: WKB Method." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 09 (2019): 1950083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500832.

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Propagation behavior of horizontally polarized shear waves (SH-waves) in a piezo-composite structure is discussed, using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) method. The considered model is made by combining the Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Material (FGPM) layer and piezoelectric orthotropic substrate. The linear form spring model is considered to delineate the imperfection of interface. Moreover, the material properties of FGPM layer are varying linearly along the thickness direction. Dispersion relation is obtained for both electrically open and short cases. Numerical example and graphical representation have been provided to illustrate the effect of different parameters on the phase velocity of SH-waves. As a special case, dispersion relation has been obtained when the boundary is perfect. Results are compared for different orthotropic materials to add more specific observations. Finally, the outcome of this study is validated by matching it with classical Love wave result. Observations will be helpful in optimization of Love wave sensors and Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices.

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Chu, Sheng-Yuan, Walter Water, and Jih-Tsang Liaw. "A Study of Love Wave Acoustic Sensors in ZnO/Quartz Structure." Integrated Ferroelectrics 44, no. 1 (2002): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713718198.

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Du, J., G. L. Harding, A. F. Collings, and P. R. Dencher. "An experimental study of Love-wave acoustic sensors operating in liquids." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 60, no. 1-3 (1997): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(96)01424-0.

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Talbi, A., A. Soltani, A. Rumeau, et al. "Simulations, fabrication, and characterization of diamond-coated Love wave-type surface acoustic wave sensors." physica status solidi (a) 212, no. 11 (2015): 2606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201532188.

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35

Kabir, K. M. Mohibul, Ylias M. Sabri, Bebeto Lay, Samuel J. Ippolito, and Suresh K. Bhargava. "A silver electrode based surface acoustic wave (SAW) mercury vapor sensor: a physio-chemical and analytical investigation." RSC Advances 6, no. 43 (2016): 36362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra03148j.

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36

Pang, Hua-Feng, Yong-Qing Fu, Zhi-Jie Li, et al. "Love mode surface acoustic wave ultraviolet sensor using ZnO films deposited on 36° Y-cut LiTaO3." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 193 (April 2013): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2013.01.016.

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37

McHale, Glen. "Generalized concept of shear horizontal acoustic plate mode and Love wave sensors." Measurement Science and Technology 14, no. 11 (2003): 1847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/14/11/001.

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38

Furniss, Jonathan, Lifeng Qin, Simon Ng, Ioana Voiculescu, and Fang Li. "Love mode surface acoustic wave and impedance sensors for water toxicity sensing." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 37, no. 1 (2017): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.12715.

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Miu, Dana, Izabela Constantinoiu, Valentina Dinca, and Cristian Viespe. "Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensor with Laser-Deposited Gold Layer Having Controlled Porosity." Chemosensors 9, no. 7 (2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9070173.

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Laser-deposited gold immobilization layers having different porosities were incorporated into love wave surface acoustic wave sensors (LW-SAWs). Variation of pulsed laser deposition parameters allows good control of the gold film morphology. Biosensors with various gold film porosities were tested using the biotin–avidin reaction. Control of the Au layer morphology is important since the biotin and avidin layer morphologies closely follow that of the gold. The response of the sensors to biotin/avidin, which is a good indicator of biosensor performance, is improved when the gold layer has increased porosity. Given the sizes of the proteins, the laser-deposited porous gold interfaces have optimal pore dimensions to ensure protein stability.

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Jin, Feng, Kikuo Kishimoto, H. Qing, Hisahiro Inoue, and Takashi Tateno. "Influence of Imperfect Interface on the Propagation of Love Waves in Piezoelectric Layered Structures." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.251.

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Layered structures, especially thin film/coating substrate system play important roles in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and microelectronics packages. Many surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices/sensors adopt the layered structures to achieve high performance that with a piezoelectric layer deposited on the substrate. Recently, much work has been carried out concerning the propagation behavior of surface waves in piezoelectric layered structures, in which the piezoelectric layers are bonded perfectly with the substrate materials. Actually, due to the thermal mismatch, the unavoidable initial stress in the piezoelectric layer and the brittleness nature of piezoelectric ceramics, imperfections exist in the interfaces of these layered structures. Due to the penetration properties of surface waves, the imperfect interfaces may influence the propagation behavior of surface waves. Up to now, little attention has been paid to the propagation behavior of surface waves in layered piezoelectric structures that the imperfect interfaces are taken into account. The propagation behavior of Love waves in a piezoelectric layered structure with imperfect interface is taken into account. Solutions of the mechanical displacement and electrical potential function are obtained for the piezoelectric layer and substrate, respectively, by solving the coupled electromechanical field equations. Effect of imperfect interface on the phase velocity of Love wave propagation is discussed in detail. Results obtained indicate that imperfect interface can greatly influence the propagation of Love waves under some certain conditions. The potential application of these results in the field of mechanical behavior of materials is also shown.

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Wen, Chang Bao, Yong Feng Ju, Wan Lin Li, et al. "Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Using SAW Device Based on ZnO Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.347.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sensor using surface acoustic wave (SAW) device based on Zinc oxide (ZnO) was developed and fabricated in this paper. The center frequency of SAW device is 203.528 MHz. The input and two output interdigital transducers (IDT) apodized by Morlet wavelet function can improve the side lobe rejection compared with uniform IDT. The ZnO film sensitive to CO2 gas was fabricated in measurement acoustic track of SAW device. Experiments results confirm that the CO2 gas sensor using SAW device based on ZnO film has good response characteristics to different concentrations CO2 gas. Furthermore, the CO2 gas sensor using SAW device based on ZnO film has good stability and linearity.

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McHale, G., M. I. Newton, and F. Martin. "Theoretical mass sensitivity of Love wave and layer guided acoustic plate mode sensors." Journal of Applied Physics 91, no. 12 (2002): 9701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1477603.

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Tang, Q. B., Y. J. Guo, Y. L. Tang, et al. "Highly sensitive and selective Love mode surface acoustic wave ammonia sensor based on graphene oxides operated at room temperature." Journal of Materials Science 54, no. 18 (2019): 11925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03764-6.

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44

Francis, Laurent A., Jean-Michel Friedt, and Patrick Bertrand. "Influence of electromagnetic interferences on the mass sensitivity of Love mode surface acoustic wave sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 123-124 (September 2005): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.03.030.

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45

Potty, Gopu R., and James H. Miller. "Estimation of sediment compressional and shear properties in the New England Mud Patch using acoustic pressure and particle velocity data." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023149.

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New England Mud Patch was the site of the Seabed Characterization Experiment in multiple years (2017, 2021, and 2022). This site is characterized by a layer of very fine grained surficial sediment layer over sand. Analysis of broadband data measured on the ocean bottom recorders (OBXs) and hydrophones will be discussed. OBX is a geophone–hydrophone system which measures three components (two orthogonal horizontal components and a vertical component) in addition to acoustic pressure. Five OBXs were deployed on the seabed and four hydrophones were configured as a tetrahedral array on the bottom mounted Geosled. Data from these sensors will be analyzed and different arrivals corresponding to compressional, shear and interface wave (Scholte and love waves) presence will be examined. Inversion schemes will be implemented to estimate the compressional and shear wave speeds and attenuation. A priori information from seismic surveys and sediment cores will be incorporated into the inversion schemes. Outputs of these inversions will be compared with inversion results from other investigators based on different inversion techniques and using data from the same location. [Work Supported by Office of Naval Research.]

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Wang, Tao, Ryan Green, Rasim Guldiken, Jing Wang, Subhra Mohapatra, and Shyam S. Mohapatra. "Finite Element Analysis for Surface Acoustic Wave Device Characteristic Properties and Sensitivity." Sensors 19, no. 8 (2019): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081749.

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The most vital step in the development of novel and existing surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based sensors and transducers is their design and optimization. Demand for SAW devices has been steadily increasing due to their low cost, portability, and versatility in electronics, telecommunications, and biosensor applications. However, a full characterization of surface acoustic wave biosensors in a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model has not yet been developed. In this study, a novel approach is developed for analyzing shear horizontal Love wave resonator devices. The developed modeling methodology was verified using fabricated devices. A thorough analysis of the 3D model and the experimental device was performed in this study including scattering parameters (S-parameters), reflection coefficient parameters, transmission parameters, and phase velocity. The simulated results will be used as a design guideline for future device design and optimization, which has thus far resulted in close matching between prediction and experimental results. This manuscript is the first to demonstrate a 3D finite element model to correlate the sensitivity of the SAW device with the magnitude of the phase shift, the real and imaginary part of the response, insertion loss, and the frequency shift. The results show that the imaginary part of the response shift has a higher sensitivity compared to other parameters.

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Sayago, Isabel, Daniel Matatagui, María Jesús Fernández, et al. "Graphene oxide as sensitive layer in Love-wave surface acoustic wave sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agent simulants." Talanta 148 (February 2016): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.069.

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Chu, Sheng-Yuan, and Walter Water. "Influences of Reflector Gratings on the Properties of Love Wave Acoustic Sensors in ZnO/Quartz Structure." Integrated Ferroelectrics 51, no. 1 (2003): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580390230002.

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49

Turton, Andrew, Debabrata Bhattacharyya, and David Wood. "Liquid density analysis of sucrose and alcoholic beverages using polyimide guided Love-mode acoustic wave sensors." Measurement Science and Technology 17, no. 2 (2005): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/2/005.

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Zimmermann, C., P. Mazein, D. Rebiere, C. Dejous, J. Pistre, and R. Planade. "Detection of GB and DMMP Vapors by Love Wave Acoustic Sensors Using Strong Acidic Fluoride Polymers." IEEE Sensors Journal 4, no. 4 (2004): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2004.828387.

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