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Journal articles on the topic 'Low and middle-income countries (LMICs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Griswold, Dylan P., Ahsan A. Khan, Tiffany E. Chao, et al. "Neurosurgical Randomized Trials in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Neurosurgery 87, no. 3 (2020): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa049.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The setting of a randomized trial can determine whether its findings are generalizable and can therefore apply to different settings. The contribution of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to neurosurgical randomized trials has not been systematically described before. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic analysis of design characteristics and methodology, funding source, and interventions studied between trials led by and/or conducted in high-income countries (HICs) vs LMICs. METHODS From January 2003 to July 2016, English-language trials with &gt;5 patients assessi

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Jalali, Rakesh, Angelica Nogueira-Rodrigues, Arunangshu Das, Bhawna Sirohi, and Pankaj Kumar Panda. "Drug Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Opportunity or Exploitation?" American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 42 (April 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_10033.

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Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) represent a diverse group of regions with varied cancer presentation. Drug development and accessibility across these regions have primarily been dependent on the trials initiated and conducted across high-income countries. Representation of LMIC regions in these trials in terms of study population has been minimal, leading to inequitable distribution of optimal and affordable cancer care. In spite of many challenges, LMICs have now increasingly been able to contribute to anticancer drug development. The opportunities present in LMICs must be explored a

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Baqain, Laith, Sanad Haddad, Ronny Baqain, Yaser El Hout, and Mohammed Shahait. "Post-Graduate Urology Training in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal 5, no. 5 (2024): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/siuj5050053.

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Introduction: Urological conditions significantly impact global health, with increasing demand for urologists in both developed and developing countries. Disparities in access to surgical care between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are evident. Despite advancements in urology, LMIC training programs often follow outdated curricula and traditional methods. Methodology: A comprehensive search strategy identified urology training programs in LMICs using the EduRank website, Google searches, and PubMed. Data were collected from the literature, official do

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Raptis, Stephanie G., Brian Shkabari, Saquib Banday, and Bishal Gyawali. "Defining and Measuring Financial Toxicity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." JCO Oncology Practice 21, no. 1 (2025): 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1200/op.24.00339.

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PURPOSE Financial toxicity (FT) of cancer treatment likely affects more patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, most of the research on FT comes from high-income countries, which may not apply to LMICs. The causes and consequences of FT in patients with cancer in LMICs remain understudied. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL for FT literature in cancer originating from LMICs from inception until the end of 2023, and documented the different definitions used to define FT in LMICs, and the magnitude of FT documented using th

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Aluisio, Adam R., Shahan Waheed, Peter Cameron, et al. "Clinical emergency care research in low-income and middle-income countries: opportunities and challenges." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 6 (2019): e001289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001289.

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Disease processes that frequently require emergency care constitute approximately 50% of the total disease burden in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many LMICs continue to deal with emergencies caused by communicable disease states such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria and meningitis, while also experiencing a marked increase in non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and trauma. For many of these states, emergency care interventions have been developed through research in high-income countries (HICs) and advances in care have been achieved

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Schutte, Aletta E., Nikhil Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy, Sailesh Mohan, and Dorairaj Prabhakaran. "Hypertension in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Circulation Research 128, no. 7 (2021): 808–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.318729.

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In recent decades low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been witnessing a significant shift toward raised blood pressure; yet in LMICs, only 1 in 3 are aware of their hypertension status, and ≈8% have their blood pressure controlled. This rising burden widens the inequality gap, contributes to massive economic hardships of patients and carers, and increases costs to the health system, facing challenges such as low physician-to-patient ratios and lack of access to medicines. Established risk factors include unhealthy diet (high salt and low fruit and vegetable intake), physical inactivi

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Radich, Jerald P., Edward Briercheck, Daniel T. Chiu, et al. "Precision Medicine in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease 17, no. 1 (2022): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-034052.

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Most cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The sophisticated technical and human infrastructure needed for optimal diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancers is difficult enough in affluent countries; it is especially challenging in LMICs. In Western, educated, industrial, rich, democratic countries, there is a growing emphasis on and success with precision medicine, whereby targeted therapy is directed at cancers based on the specific genetic lesions in the cancer. Can such precision approaches be delivered in LMICs? We offer some examples of novel partnerships

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McCool, Judith, Rosie Dobson, Robyn Whittaker, and Chris Paton. "Mobile Health (mHealth) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Annual Review of Public Health 43, no. 1 (2022): 525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052620-093850.

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This article reflects on current trends and proposes new considerations for the future of mobile technologies for health (mHealth). Our focus is predominantly on the value of and concerns with regard to the application of digital health within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is in LMICs and marginalized communities that mHealth (within the wider scope of digital health) could be most useful and valuable. Peer-reviewed literature on mHealth in LMICs provides reassurance of this potential, often reflecting on the ubiquity of mobile phones and ever-increasing connectivity globally, r

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McCool, Judith, Rosie Dobson, Robyn Whittaker, and Chris Paton. "Mobile Health (mHealth) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Annual Review of Public Health 43, no. 1 (2022): 525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052620-093850.

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This article reflects on current trends and proposes new considerations for the future of mobile technologies for health (mHealth). Our focus is predominantly on the value of and concerns with regard to the application of digital health within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is in LMICs and marginalized communities that mHealth (within the wider scope of digital health) could be most useful and valuable. Peer-reviewed literature on mHealth in LMICs provides reassurance of this potential, often reflecting on the ubiquity of mobile phones and ever-increasing connectivity globally, r

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Shanthakumar, Dhurka, Anna Payne, Trish Leitch, and Maryam Alfa-Wali. "Trauma Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Surgery Journal 07, no. 04 (2021): e281-e285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732351.

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Abstract Background Trauma-related injury causes higher mortality than a combination of prevalent infectious diseases. Mortality secondary to trauma is higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than high-income countries. This review outlines common issues, and potential solutions for those issues, identified in trauma care in LMICs that contribute to poorer outcomes. Methods A literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar using the search terms “trauma,” “injuries,” and “developing countries.” Articles conducted in a trauma setting in low-income countries (according to

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Pesah, Ella, Karam Turk-Adawi, Marta Supervia, et al. "Cardiac rehabilitation delivery in low/middle-income countries." Heart 105, no. 23 (2019): 1806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314486.

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ObjectiveCardiac rehabilitation (CR) availability, programme characteristics and barriers are not well-known in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). In this study, they were compared with high-income countries (HICs) and by CR funding source.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was administered to CR programmes globally. Need for CR was computed using incident ischaemic heart disease (IHD) estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study. General linear mixed models were performed.ResultsCR was identified in 55/138 (39.9%) LMICs; 47/55 (85.5% country response rate) countries participated an

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Walls, Helen, Sarah Cook, Richard Matzopoulos, and Leslie London. "Advancing alcohol research in low-income and middle-income countries: a global alcohol environment framework." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 4 (2020): e001958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001958.

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Alcohol-related harm has gained increased attention in high-income countries (HICs) in recent years which, alongside government regulation, has effected a reduction in alcohol consumption. The alcohol industry has turned its attention to low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) markets as a new source of growth and profit, prompting increased consumption in LMICS. Alcohol use in LMICs is also increasing. There is a need to understand particularly in LMICs the impact of industry strategy in shaping local contexts of alcohol use. We draw on conceptualisations from food systems research, and r

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Soto-Martínez, Manuel E., Manuel E. Soto-Quiros, and Adnan Custovic. "Childhood Asthma: Low and Middle-Income Countries Perspective." Acta Medica Academica 49, no. 2 (2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.296.

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<p><strong>Abstract </strong>Our aim is to review current asthma epidemiology, achievements from the last 10 years, and persistent challenges of asthma man- agement and control in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Despite global efforts, asthma continues to be an important public health problem worldwide, particularly in poorly resourced settings. Several epidemiological studies in the last decades have shown significant variability in the prevalence of asthma globally, but generally a marked increase in LMICs resulting in significant mor- bidity and mortality. Poverty, ai

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Millum, Joseph, Blythe Beecroft, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, et al. "Emergency care research ethics in low-income and middle-income countries." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 6 (2019): e001260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001260.

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A large proportion of the total global burden of disease is caused by emergency medical conditions. Emergency care research is essential to improving emergency medicine but this research can raise some distinctive ethical challenges, especially with regard to (1) standard of care and risk–benefit assessment; (2) blurring of the roles of clinician and researcher; (3) enrolment of populations with intersecting vulnerabilities; (4) fair participant selection; (5) quality of consent; and (6) community engagement. Despite the importance of research to improve emergency care in low-income and middle

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Gómez-De León, Andrés, Perla R. Colunga-Pedraza, Luz Tarín-Arzaga, et al. "Contributions to the American Society of Hematology Meeting From Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An In-Depth Analysis and Call to Action." JCO Global Oncology, no. 7 (April 2021): 622–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00600.

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PURPOSE: Establishing research capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is key for improving the outcomes of patients with hematologic diseases globally. Few studies have analyzed the contributions of LMICs to global hematology. The American Society of Hematology Meeting (ASH) is the largest international academic event where peer-reviewed contributions in our field are presented. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, all abstracts accepted to ASH 2018 selected for a poster or oral presentation were reviewed. Those that had a contributing author from an LMIC were identified. T

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Shukla, Vivek V., and Somashekhar M. Nimbalkar. "Neonatal Resuscitation Research Priorities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." International Journal of Pediatrics 2021 (November 25, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6938772.

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Several critical physiological changes occur during birth. Optimal and timely resuscitation is essential to avoid morbidity and mortality. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) is a multinational committee that publishes evidence-based consensus and treatment recommendations for resuscitation in various scenarios including that for neonatal resuscitation. The majority of perinatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, there is limited research output from LMICs to generate evidence-based practice recommendations specific for LMICs. The curren

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Majdalany, Sami E., Mohit Butaney, Shane Tinsley, et al. "Challenges of Urologic Oncology in Low-to-Middle-Income Countries." Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal 5, no. 5 (2024): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/siuj5050049.

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We performed a literature review to identify articles regarding the state of urological cancers in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). The challenges that LMICs face are multifactorial and can include poor health education, inadequate screening, as well as limited access to treatment options and trained urologists. Many of the gold standard treatments in high-income countries (HICs) are scarce in LMICs due to their poor socioeconomic status, leading to an advanced stage of disease at diagnosis and, ultimately, a higher mortality rate. These standards of care are vital components of oncolog

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Basto-Abreu, Ana, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez, Alisha N. Wade, et al. "Multimorbidity matters in low and middle-income countries." Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity 12 (January 2022): 263355652211060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26335565221106074.

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Multimorbidity is a complex challenge affecting individuals, families, caregivers, and health systems worldwide. The burden of multimorbidity is remarkable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) given the many existing challenges in these settings. Investigating multimorbidity in LMICs poses many challenges including the different conditions studied, and the restriction of data sources to relatively few countries, limiting comparability and representativeness. This has led to a paucity of evidence on multimorbidity prevalence and trends, disease clusters, and health outcomes, particularly

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Walters, Camila B., J. Matthew Kynes, Jenna Sobey, Tsitsi Chimhundu-Sithole, and K. A. Kelly McQueen. "Chronic Pediatric Pain in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Children 5, no. 9 (2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5090113.

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Chronic pain is a serious health concern and potentially debilitating condition, leading to anxiety, depression, reduced productivity and functionality, and poor quality of life. This condition can be even more detrimental and incapacitating in the pediatric patient population. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pain services are often inadequate or unavailable, leaving most of the world’s pediatric population with chronic pain untreated. Many of these children in LMICs are suffering without treatment, and often die in pain. Awareness and advocacy for this population must be prioriti

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Shahait, Mohammed. "Urology Practice in Low- to Middle-Income Countries." Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal 5, no. 5 (2024): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/siuj5050057.

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Solís Arce, Julio S., Shana S. Warren, Niccolò F. Meriggi, et al. "COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries." Nature Medicine 27, no. 8 (2021): 1385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01454-y.

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AbstractWidespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine

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Selekwa, Msiba, Ivy Maina, Tiffany Yeh, et al. "Tracheostomy care quality improvement in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 11 (2023): e0002294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002294.

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Tracheostomy is a lifesaving, essential procedure performed for airway obstruction in the case of head and neck cancers, prolonged ventilator use, and for long-term pulmonary care. While successful quality improvement interventions in high-income countries such as through the Global Tracheostomy Collaborative significantly reduced length of hospital stay and decreased levels of anxiety among patients, limited literature exists regarding tracheostomy care and practices in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), where most of the world resides. Given limited literature, this scoping review aims

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Baker, Zachary, Manka Nkimbeng, Pearl G. Cuevas, et al. "DESIGNING INTERVENTIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES SETTINGS IN MIND." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.818.

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Abstract Most people living with dementia (PLWD) live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and the proportion in LMICs is poised to continue growing. But 99.9% of dementia funding is awarded to researchers in high-income countries (HIC). Our team of scientists from India, Cameroon, the Philippines, the USA, Ukraine, and Germany draw on our involvement in interventions in 12 countries to suggest one way to help meet the needs of PLWD living in LMICs. We suggest that researchers in HICs who are developing new interventions might consider the needs of LMICs during intervention development.

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Mohammad Hamza Bajwa, Mashal Murad Shah, Fatima Mustansir, et al. "A guideline on guidelines: neuro-oncology guideline standards for low- and middle-income countries." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 74, no. 3 (Supple) (2024): S87—S92. https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.s3.gno-10.

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Guidelines for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)are needed in complex, multidisciplinary areas such asoncology, requiring mobilising considerable resourcesand specialists for coordinated care. Neuro-oncologyguidelines have been primarily established in countrieswhere technological advancements and robust carepathways facilitate broad resource utilisation. In contrast,LMICs require complex and region-specific interventionsto provide equitable care. The present opinion paper is aculmination of our own centre’s experience collaboratingand developing loco-regional guidelines for brain tumou

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Rosenkrantz, Leah, Nadine Schuurman, Claudia Arenas, Andrew Nicol, and Morad S. Hameed. "Maximizing the potential of trauma registries in low-income and middle-income countries." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 5, no. 1 (2020): e000469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2020-000469.

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Injury is a major global health issue, resulting in millions of deaths every year. For decades, trauma registries have been used in wealthier countries for injury surveillance and clinical governance, but their adoption has lagged in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Paradoxically, LMICs face a disproportionately high burden of injury with few resources available to address this pandemic. Despite these resource constraints, several hospitals and regions in LMICs have managed to develop trauma registries to collect information related to the injury event, process of care, and outc

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Mashar, Meghavi, Abu Aboiye, Morgan Sehdev, et al. "Undergraduate radiology in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)." Clinical Radiology 77 (September 2022): e28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2022.08.111.

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Soames Job, R. F., and William M. Wambulwa. "Features of Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries making Road Safety more Challenging." Journal of Road Safety 31, no. 3 (2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00258.

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Low- and Middle-Income Countries suffer the large majority (93%) of global road crash deaths and face particular challenges in managing this crisis. This paper presents global data and trends revealing underlying features of the problem for LMICs. LMICs are commonly grouped and described together in road safety commentaries, yet appreciation of the substantial differences between LICs and MICs is vital. While global deaths per 100,000 people have stabilized during the UN Decade of Road Safety, the population rate has increased in LICs (by 8.2%), while decreasing in HIC and MIC. LICs have less

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Bart, Alex S., Jack F. Albala, and David M. Albala. "Current Feasibility of Urologic Telesurgery in Low/Middle Income Countries." Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal 5, no. 6 (2024): 869–75. https://doi.org/10.3390/siuj5060068.

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It is estimated that nearly five billion people do not have access to surgical care. Approximately 94% of individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) lack access to surgery in comparison to 14.9% in high-income countries (HICs). There are several urologic conditions requiring surgical intervention that are not treated because of the limited number of expert urologists in LMICs. Telesurgery is a concept that connects patients and surgeons in different locations through the use of a robotic surgery system. In this review, we explain the origins of telesurgery as well as the benefits

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Santos, Itamar S., Alessandra C. Goulart, Rodrigo D. Olmos, et al. "Atrial fibrillation in low- and middle-income countries: a narrative review." European Heart Journal Supplements 22, Supplement_O (2020): O61—O77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/suaa181.

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Abstract Preventing premature non-communicable disease mortality necessitates a thorough review of one of the most important risk factors for stroke, which is atrial fibrillation (AF). The latter and AF-related stroke are still considered to be problems of high-income countries and are frequently overlooked in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this narrative review, we provide an overview of studies that evaluated at least one of the following determinants of AF burden in LMICs: current epidemiology and trends, stroke prevention, health outcomes, and economic burden. Studies focusin

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Zhang, Yuan, and Joseph Saenz. "COGNITIVE AGING IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.674.

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Abstract Cognitive aging is a highly complex, dynamic, and context-dependent process; and is influenced by individual and community characteristics and experiences across the life course. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are critical components of the international dementia research community because the burden of dementia is rapidly rising in LMICs, and low-resource settings may have unique social and economic determinants of cognitive health. However, little population-based research focuses on these regions. The papers in this symposium use high-quality population survey data from M

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Ranasinghe, Priyanga Diloshini, Subhash Pokhrel, and Nana Kwame Anokye. "Economics of physical activity in low-income and middle- income countries: a systematic review." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (2021): e037784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037784.

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BackgroundPromotion of physical activity (PA) among populations is a global health investment. However, evidence on economic aspects of PA is sparse and scattered in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to summarise the available evidence on economics of PA in LMICs, identify potential target variables for policy and report gaps in the existing economic evidence alongside research recommendations.Data sourcesA systematic review of the electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus) and grey literature.Study eligibility criteriaCo

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Bruand, Pierre-Emile, Julien Magne, Maëlenn Guerchet, Victor Aboyans, and Pierre-Marie Preux. "Health literacy in low- and middle-income countries." International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases 8, no. 4 (2023): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jncd.jncd_87_23.

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Health literacy (HL) is defined as a person’s ability to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information in order to make sound health decisions. It has emerged as a key determinant of health outcomes, more particularly in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Low HL has been associated with lower use of health-care services and poorer health outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality. During the second meeting of the EMAC-AOC Group (Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases – Central and Western Africa), HL and NCDs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were discussed to explore

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Wu, Yue, David Schwebel, and Guoqing Hu. "Disparities in Unintentional Occupational Injury Mortality between High-Income Countries and Low- and Middle-Income Countries: 1990–2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102296.

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Objective: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we examined differences in unintentional occupational injury mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Unintentional occupational injury mortality rates were obtained through the GBD online visualization tool. We quantified mortality changes over time for common external causes of injury for ages 15–49 years and 50–69 years separately in HICs and LMICs using negative binomial regression models. Results: In 2016, there were 24,396 and 303,

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Albarqouni, Loai, Eman Abukmail, Majdeddin MohammedAli, et al. "Low-Value Surgical Procedures in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 11 (2023): e2342215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42215.

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ImportanceOveruse of surgical procedures is increasing around the world and harms both individuals and health care systems by using resources that could otherwise be allocated to addressing the underuse of effective health care interventions. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is some limited country-specific evidence showing that overuse of surgical procedures is increasing, at least for certain procedures.ObjectivesTo assess factors associated with, extent and consequences of, and potential solutions for low-value surgical procedures in LMICs.Evidence ReviewWe searched 4 elec

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Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S., Sumedha Arya, Sarah L. M. Greenberg, et al. "Perioperative mortality rates in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 3 (2018): e000810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000810.

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IntroductionThe Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed the perioperative mortality rate (POMR) as one of the six key indicators of the strength of a country’s surgical system. Despite its widespread use in high-income settings, few studies have described procedure-specific POMR across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to estimate POMR across a wide range of surgical procedures in LMICs. We also describe how POMR is defined and reported in the LMIC literature to provide recommendations for future monitoring in resource-constrained settings.MethodsWe did a systematic

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Eldridge, Linsey, Elise M. Garton, Kalina Duncan, and Satish Gopal. "Authorship of Publications Supported by NCI-Funded Grants Involving Low- and Middle-Income Countries." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 3 (2024): e243215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3215.

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ImportanceScientific publication is an important tool for knowledge dissemination and career advancement, but authors affiliated with institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are historically underrepresented on publications.ObjectiveTo assess the country income level distribution of author affiliations for publications resulting from National Cancer Institute (NCI)–supported extramural grants between 2015 and 2019, with international collaborating institutions exclusively in 1 or more LMICs.Design and SettingThis cross-sectional study assessed authorship on publications result

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Greenwood, Esther E., Thomas Lauber, Johan van den Hoogen, et al. "Mapping safe drinking water use in low- and middle-income countries." Science 385, no. 6710 (2024): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adh9578.

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Safe drinking water access is a human right, but data on safely managed drinking water services (SMDWS) is lacking for more than half of the global population. We estimate SMDWS use in 135 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) at subnational levels with a geospatial modeling approach, combining existing household survey data with available global geospatial datasets. We estimate that only one in three people used SMDWS in LMICs in 2020 and identified fecal contamination as the primary limiting factor affecting almost half of the population of LMICs. Our results are relevant for raising awar

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Erinoso, Olufemi, Kevin Welding, Joanna E. Cohen, and Katherine Smith. "Cigarette Pack Structure Elements in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 1 (2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.1.6.

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Objectives: The tobacco industry can attract consumers using appealing packaging, including pack structure. We assessed the variety of pack structure elements across select low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Between 2013 and 2017, we systematically collected 3542 packs from 14 LMICs. The selected countries represented LMICs with the greatest number of smokers. We assessed packs for 4 packaging structure elements: pack-type (hard, soft, or box), pack-shape, pack-edge, and opening-style. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the packag- ing structure elements by country and t

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Meyer, Steven, Willem A. Groenewald, and Richard D. Pitcher. "Diagnostic reference levels in low- and middle-income countries: early “ALARAm” bells?" Acta Radiologica 58, no. 4 (2016): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185116658681.

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Background In 1996 the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) introduced diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) as a quality assurance tool for radiation dose optimization. While many countries have published DRLs, available data are largely from high-income countries. There is arguably a greater need for DRLs in low- and middle-income-countries (LMICs), where imaging equipment may be older and trained imaging technicians are scarce. To date, there has been no critical analysis of the published work on DRLs in LMICs. Such work is important to evaluate data deficiencies and stim

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McKenzie, Judith, Amani Karisa, and Callista Kahonde. "Implementation of Universal Design for Learning in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: ‘I Thought These Principles Could Have Been Written by Me’." Disabilities 3, no. 4 (2023): 666–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities3040043.

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UNESCO’s Global Education Monitoring Report (2020) strongly recommends the adoption of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) at the government level so that it becomes an integral part of countries’ inclusive education policies. However, UDL has largely been developed in high-income countries with technology as a central theme. The question is whether the purported benefits of the UDL approach can translate into low and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts. This study explores the relevance and fit of UDL to LMIC contexts by use of interviews (either individual or group) with 12 representatives

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Downing, Julia, Richard A. Powell, Joan Marston, et al. "Children's palliative care in low- and middle-income countries." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (2015): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308307.

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One-third of the global population is aged under 20 years. For children with life-limiting conditions, palliative care services are required. However, despite 80% of global need occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the majority of children's palliative care (CPC) is provided in high-income countries. This paper reviews the status of CPC services in LMICs—highlighting examples of best practice among service models in Malawi, Indonesia and Belarus—before reviewing the status of the extant research in this field. It concludes that while much has been achieved in palliative care

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El, Khoury Joseph, Riwa Kanj, Lynn Adam, et al. "The contribution of authors from low- and middle-income countries to top-tier mental health journals." European Science Editing 47 (October 21, 2021): e72187. https://doi.org/10.3897/ese.2021.e72187.

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Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been consistently under-represented in the pool of contributors to academic journals on health. For the past two decades, prominent voices within the psychiatric profession have called for better representation of LMICs in the interest of advancing the understanding of mental health globally and benefiting health systems in these countries.Objective: To investigate the absolute and relative representation of authors affiliated to institutes from LMICs in the most influential journals on mental health in 2019.Method: Thirty top-ranking j

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Eunike, Eunike, and Amalia Amalia. "Prevalence of Perinatal Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Indonesian Journal of General Medicine 2, no. 7 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.70070/1v19xm26.

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Background: The literature on perinatal depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) underscores a significant public health concern characterized by high prevalence rates and detrimental consequences for both maternal and infant health. The studies reviewed collectively highlight the complex interplay of socio-economic, cultural, and health-related factors that contribute to the prevalence of perinatal depression in these contexts. Literature Review: The foundational work by Subba (2020) emphasizes the necessity of contextually adapted mental health promotion programs, demonstrating

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Menyanu, Elias, Joanna Russell, and Karen Charlton. "Dietary Sources of Salt in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (2019): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122082.

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Rapid urbanization in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is transforming dietary patterns from reliance on traditional staples to increased consumption of energy-dense foods high in saturated fats, trans fats, sugars, and salt. A systematic literature review was conducted to determine major food sources of salt in LMICs that could be targeted in strategies to lower population salt intake. Articles were sourced using Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature. Inclusion criteria were: reported dietary intake of Na/salt using dietary assessment methods and food composition tables

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Karumbi, Jamlick, Sarah L. Gorst, David Gathara, Elizabeth Gargon, Bridget Young, and Paula R. Williamson. "Inclusion of participants from low-income and middle-income countries in core outcome sets development: a systematic review." BMJ Open 11, no. 10 (2021): e049981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049981.

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ObjectiveOur study aims to describe differences or similarities in the scope, participant characteristics and methods used in core outcome sets (COS) development when only participants from high-income countries (HICs) were involved compared with when participants from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were also involved.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesAnnual Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials systematic reviews of COS which are updated based on SCOPUS and MEDLINE, searches. The latest systematic review included studies published up to the end of 2019.Eligibility cr

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Gutiérrez, Liliana, Briegel De las Salas, Natalia Sánchez, Oscar Arrieta, and Andrés F. Cardona. "Priorities for cancer research and innovation in Low- and middle-income countries." Medicina 45, no. 4 (2023): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56050/01205498.2305.

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The World Bank classifies economies for analytical purposes into four income groups: low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income. For this purpose, it uses gross national income (GNI) per capita data in U.S. dollars, converted from local currency using the World Bank Atlas (Figure 1), which is applied to smooth exchange rate fluctuations (1). Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) were identified as one major challenge to sustainable development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most deaths globally are now due to NCDs, with cancer being responsible for at least 20 % of all mortality

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Velin, Lotta, Adam Lantz, Emmanuel A. Ameh, et al. "Systematic review of low-income and middle-income country perceptions of visiting surgical teams from high-income countries." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 4 (2022): e008791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008791.

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BackgroundThe shortage of surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is occasionally bridged by foreign surgical teams from high-income countries on short-term visits. To advise on ethical guidelines for such activities, the aim of this study was to present LMIC stakeholders’ perceptions of visiting surgical teams from high-income countries.MethodWe performed a systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines in November 2021, using standardised search terms in PubMed/Medline (Nati

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Goh, Zhao H. K., Julia L. Y. Cheong, Connie Marras, et al. "Surveying Global Availability of Parkinson’s Disease Treatment." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 12, no. 3 (2022): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-213006.

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Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease with both motor and non-motor manifestations. Available treatment reduces symptoms and is critical for improving quality of life. Treatment options include drugs, device-aided therapies, and non-pharmacological therapies. Complementary and alternative therapies (CATs) are also used in some countries. Objective: To examine the availability of PD treatment by country, and differences by national income as defined by the World Bank (high income countries (HICs), upper middle income countries (UMICs), lower middle inc

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Masyuko, Sarah, Carrie J. Ngongo, Carole Smith, and Rachel Nugent. "Patient-reported outcomes for diabetes and hypertension care in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245269.

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Introduction Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess patients’ perspectives on their health status, providing opportunities to improve the quality of care. While PROMs are increasingly used in high-income settings, limited data are available on PROMs use for diabetes and hypertension in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This scoping review aimed to determine how PROMs are employed for diabetes and hypertension care in LMICs. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov for English-language studies published between August 2009 and August 2019 that measured at leas

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Stewart, Kelsey A., Sergio M. Navarro, Sriharsha Kambala, et al. "Trends in Ultrasound Use in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 9, no. 1 (2020): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.294.

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Background: Evidence on recent trends regarding the impact and cost-benefits of ultrasound in resource-constrained settings is limited. This study presents a systematic review to determine recent trends in the utility and applicability of ultrasound use in low and middle income countries (LMIC). The review includes characterizing and evaluating trends in (1) the geographic and specialty specific use of ultrasound in LMICs, (2) the innovative applications and the accompanying research findings, and (3) the development of associated educational and training programs. Methods: The ele

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