Academic literature on the topic 'Low ascent building'
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Journal articles on the topic "Low ascent building"
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Currie-Gregg, Nancy J., and Kelly Carney. "Development of a finite element human vibration model for use in spacecraft coupled loads analysis." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 38, no. 2 (2018): 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418757994.
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Finite element human vibration models were developed and implemented for use in human-tended spacecraft-coupled loads analysis, an analytical process used to predict low-frequency spacecraft loads which occur during dynamic phases of flight of such as launch, ascent, or ascent aborts. Human vibration may also affect stress predictions for spacecraft systems which the crew interacts with, such as crew seats and crew impact attenuation systems. These human vibration models are three-dimensional, distributed-mass representations of 1st-percentile female, 50th-percentile male, and 99th-percentile male American crew members and provide a relatively simple linear and low-load representation of the nonlinear dynamic response of a seated human. The most significant features of these finite element models are anthropometrically based geometric human mass distribution, soft tissue vibration attributes, and skeleton and joint stiffness.
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Hitchcock, Stacey M., and Russ S. Schumacher. "Analysis of Back-Building Convection in Simulations with a Strong Low-Level Stable Layer." Monthly Weather Review 148, no. 9 (2020): 3773–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-19-0246.1.
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Abstract In a mesoscale convective system (MCS), convection that redevelops over (i.e., back-builds), and/or repeatedly passes over (i.e., trains) a region for an extended period of time can contribute to extreme rainfall and flash flooding. Past studies have indicated that both mesoscale ascent and lifting of the inflow layer by a cold pool or bore are important when this back-building/training convection is displaced from the leading line [sometimes called rearward off-boundary development (ROD)]. However, Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) field campaign observations suggest that the stability of the nocturnal boundary layer is highly variable and some MCSs with ROD have only a weak surface cold pool. Numerical simulations presented in this study suggest that in an environment with strong boundary layer stability, ROD can be supported by mechanisms other than those mentioned above. Simulations were initialized using a sounding from ahead of a PECAN MCS with a strong stable layer and ROD, and the three-dimensional simulation produced an MCS similar to that observed despite the homogeneous initial conditions. Some of the findings presented herein challenge existing understanding of nocturnal MCSs, and especially how downdrafts interact with a stable boundary layer. Notably, downdrafts can reach the surface, and different regions of the MCS may have different propagation mechanisms and different relevant inflow layers. Unlike previous studies of ROD, parcel lifting may be supported by an intrusion (an elevated layer of downdraft air) modified by the three-dimensional vertical wind shear.
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Carev, Evgeny, Konstantin Rukomoinikov, Vladimir Makarov, Ilya Anisimov, and Nikita Anisimov. "Rescue system for people evacuation for highrise buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 486 (2024): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448606008.
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The article deals with the issues of ensuring fire safety of multifunctional high-rise buildings and structures. Measures are given to ensure fire safety of multifunctional high-rise buildings and structures. Effective modern methods of improving the safety of using constructive solutions that prevent the spread of fire and the evacuation of people from places covered in flames and smoke by combustion products and blocking access to stairwells are reflected. Since in some cases it is not possible to save people from a burning building in traditional ways, structural solutions are additionally presented that contribute to the safe evacuation of residents of the house. When reviewing existing designs, their shortcomings were identified. The authors proposed a new design of an effective, non-traumatic and safe device for saving people, especially those with low physical fitness and limited physical abilities. It allows you to simplify the design, provide the necessary speed, ensure the availability of evacuation of people with physical disabilities, avoid the presence of auxiliary equipment on a stationary ground object, ensure manufacturability in use, which does not allow, if necessary, to save people from windows and balconies, increase productivity in the “descent-ascent” mode.
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Quinting, Julian F., and Christian M. Grams. "EuLerian Identification of ascending AirStreams (ELIAS 2.0) in numerical weather prediction and climate models – Part 1: Development of deep learning model." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 2 (2022): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-715-2022.
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Abstract. Physical processes on the synoptic scale are important modulators of the large-scale extratropical circulation. In particular, rapidly ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones, so-called warm conveyor belts (WCBs), modulate the upper-tropospheric Rossby wave pattern and are sources and magnifiers of forecast uncertainty. Thus, from a process-oriented perspective, numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models should adequately represent WCBs. The identification of WCBs usually involves Lagrangian air parcel trajectories that ascend from the lower to the upper troposphere within 2 d. This requires expensive computations and numerical data with high spatial and temporal resolution, which are often not available from standard output. This study introduces a novel framework that aims to predict the footprints of the WCB inflow, ascent, and outflow stages over the Northern Hemisphere from instantaneous gridded fields using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). With its comparably low computational costs and relying on standard model output alone, the new diagnostic enables the systematic investigation of WCBs in large data sets such as ensemble reforecast or climate model projections, which are mostly not suited for trajectory calculations. Building on the insights from a logistic regression approach of a previous study, the CNNs are trained using a combination of meteorological parameters as predictors and trajectory-based WCB footprints as predictands. Validation of the networks against the trajectory-based data set confirms that the CNN models reliably replicate the climatological frequency of WCBs as well as their footprints at instantaneous time steps. The CNN models significantly outperform previously developed logistic regression models. Including time-lagged information on the occurrence of WCB ascent as a predictor for the inflow and outflow stages further improves the models' skill considerably. A companion study demonstrates versatile applications of the CNNs in different data sets including the verification of WCBs in ensemble forecasts. Overall, the diagnostic demonstrates how deep learning methods may be used to investigate the representation of weather systems and their related processes in NWP and climate models in order to shed light on forecast uncertainty and systematic biases from a process-oriented perspective.
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Abhishek, Kumar Chimaniya, Kumar Singh Chandrakar Vinay, and Singh Tomar Praveen. "Evaluate the Magnification Factors for Building with Respect to Zone and Height of the OGS Building." Journal of Structural Technology (e-ISSN: 2581-950X) 4, no. 3 (2019): 46–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3374465.
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Infill dividers can be showed up in business programming using two-dimensional zone part with fitting material properties for direct flexible examination. In any case, this kind of showing may not work for non-direct examination since the non-straight material properties for a two-dimensional orthotropic area isn't amazingly knew. Seismic evaluation of a current reinforced bond (RC) encompassed structure would reliably require a non-straight examination. Spread piece around there supports a straight slanting swagger way to deal with oversee manage model infill divider for both direct (Equivalent Static Analysis and Response Spectrum Analysis) and nonlinear examinations (Pushover Analysis and Time History Analysis). A current RC confined structure (G+3) with open ground story composed in Seismic Zone-V is considered for this examination. This structure is dismembered for two exceptional cases: (a) considering both infill mass and infill quality and (b) considering infill mass yet without considering infill consistent quality. Two separate models were made using business programming STAAD PRO. Infill burdens were appeared through applying static dead weight and separating masses considered from this dead weight for fragment examinations. Infill quality was exhibited using to the opposite side swagger procedure. Two irrefutable sponsorship conditions, expressly changed end fortify condition and stuck end reinforce condition, are considered to check the effect of assistance conditions in the duplication factors. Straight and non-direct examinations were rehearsed for the models and the results were considered. The examination results exhibit that a section of 2.5 is too high to even consider evening consider night consider being in any capacity reached out to the bar and part powers of the ground story of low-climb open ground story structures. This examination expect that the issue of open ground story structures can't be seen fittingly through flexible examination as the quality of open ground story building and a proportionate revealed edge building are fundamentally same. Nonlinear examination reveals that open ground story making misses the mark through a ground story part at an essentially low base shear and evacuation and the procedure for disappointment as far as anyone knows is touchy. Speedy and nonlinear examinations exhibit that sponsorship condition impacts the response broadly and can be a basic parameter to pick the power augmentation part.
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DIAS, EDNEY CIELICI. "Profits and votes: Entrepreneurs and the government in Brazilian housing policy." Revista de Economia Política 35, no. 4 (2015): 763–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572015v35n04a05.
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ABSTRACTAfter more than twenty years of low housing construction output, the housing policy recovered its momentum in the country with the ascent of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party, PT) to the seat of the federal government. This article demonstrates - through the analysis of documents, interviews and research conducted with businessmen - that the impetus of such a state policy is a part of the PT electoral strategy, which is based on economic growth and the expansion of social programs. The research analyses the dovetailing of interests between the Lula (the Brazilian President from 2003 to 2010) administration and the civil construction business - the latter concerned with expanding its business, and the former with increasing the supply of jobs and the level of economic activity. This process culminated in the launching of the largest social housing program to be implemented in the country. Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My House, My Life), is a project in whose planning building companies played a key role, performing feasibility studies and carrying out social housing projects.
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Avani, Pareek, Verma Shanaya, Mishra Shivraj, Swami Shivam, and Sharma Shivang. "A Review Study on Design Problems and Solutions for Bridges and High Rise Buildings." Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis 6, no. 3 (2023): 68–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10296858.
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<i>The goal of bridge design is to create a bridge that is both elegant and safe while meeting all functional requirements at a cost that the owner can afford. The purpose of a bridge is to provide a crossing over a physical obstacle, such as a body of water, valley, or road. Bridges are constructed above these types of obstacles. Bridges come in a variety of designs, including conceptual, preliminary, detailed, and construction designs. </i> <i>A successful bridge's design needs to be unique, organic, simple, and harmonious with its surroundings. Accidents, injuries, and problems with wellbeing at the extension site. Among the many significant obstacles that engineers encounter when building a bridge are structural failure, poor workmanship, untrustworthy subcontractors, and assigning blame for an issue.</i> <i>Due to inadequate land accessibility in populated areas and their crucial role as fundamental structures in modern urban areas and capitals, elevated structures have been rapidly growing overall. However, unlike low-ascent structures, elevated structures require high primary strength for security and plan requirements, and they are incredibly complex due to the enormous number of underlying parts and components.</i> <i>In order to address a specific problem that has been extensively described and given a name, a succinct summary of the underlying frameworks that are currently available in the literature is presented. This serves as a strong foundation for contrasting the conflicting demands resulting from wind and seismic activity. Thus, a broad summary of the outcomes of several nonlinear dynamic procedure analyses (for wind and earthquake loading) and nonlinear static procedure analyses (for pushover) on the behavior of different structural systems at different heights of high-rise buildings is given. This paper aims to support the advancement and implementation of high-rise building construction systems in the future.</i>
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Chen, Chao, Xiaoteng Cao, Shuaibing Zhang, Zhendong Lei, and Kaixu Zhao. "Dynamic Characteristic and Decoupling Relationship of Energy Consumption on China’s Construction Industry." Buildings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101745.
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(1) Background: The decoupling of energy consumption from economic growth in the construction industry is crucial to the sustainable development of the global construction industry. The existing studies focus on the advancements in energy efficiency by designers for building monoliths or construction techniques, involving no exploration of energy efficiency management from a regional perspective, which is unfavorable for the formulation of energy efficiency policies and systematic control of the construction industry by local governments. (2) Methods: From the perspective of regional management, this paper constructs an integrated analysis and application framework of “spatio-temporal characteristics + matching evaluation + policy design” based on the decoupling model and GIS tools. It studies the spatio-temporal characteristics of energy consumption in the construction industry in 30 provinces of China from 2010 to 2019, and its decoupling relationship with the economic development of the construction industry, and proposes an optimal zoning and recommendations for energy consumption in the construction industry, providing a reference for energy conservation management in the construction industry in China. (3) Results: First, the change of energy consumption amount (ECA) in the construction industry in the provinces was dominated by ascent, while the energy consumption intensity (ECI) predominantly decreased, and most provinces are still in a period of growth or plateau in energy consumption. Second, ECA and ECI had prominent spatial heterogeneity and aggregation. High-energy-consuming regions are concentrated along the coast and along the Yangtze River, while low-energy-consuming regions are mainly clustered in remote areas, such as the northeast, northwest, and southwest of China. Energy consumption shows a clear north-south difference in intensity, with high-intensity regions clustered in the north compared to low-intensity regions in the south. Third, most of the provinces were in strong negative decoupling, expansive coupling, and weak decoupling, and better decoupling regions were mainly gathered in south and central China. Nearly one half of these provinces showed decoupling degradation and only a few achieved evolution, with evolutionary regions clustered mainly in central and southern China. The northeast and northwest were the key problem areas of energy-saving transformation in China’s construction industry. (4) Conclusion: The 30 provinces were divided into three types: leader, intermediate, and laggard, and the development goals and suggestions on low energy consumption in the construction industry for three zones were put forward, significantly improving the precision of policy design and implementation. The study in this paper expands the research perspective on energy saving management in the construction industry and provides a methodology and basis for developing energy efficiency policies and plans for the construction industry in China and similar developing countries.
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Lu, Gang, Hao Li, Hongzhi Ma, and Tingshuang Leng. "Oxidation Study and Mechanism Analysis of Desulfurization Ash in Dense-Phase Tower." Processes 12, no. 5 (2024): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12051008.
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Dense-phase-tower desulfurization technology is an emerging semi-dry flue-gas desulfurization ash process, i.e., the flue gas is allowed to enter the desulfurization tower from the bottom up and, at the same time, is sprayed with a desulfurizing agent that undergoes an acid–base reaction with the flue gas in the ascent process. The calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate produced by the reaction and the part of the desulfurization agent that is not involved in the reaction will enter the subsequent dust removal system, and what is retained is the by-product desulfurization ash. This desulfurization ash contains a large amount of calcium sulfite, which leads to its unstable nature; it is easily oxidized and expands in volume, and, if used in the field of building materials, it will lead to cracking and other problems, so it is difficult to effectively use it. In order to solve this problem, XRF, XRD, and iodometric and other analytical methods were used to determine the specific composition of desulfurization ash, and the muffle furnace and vertical tube furnace were used to study the thermal oxidative modification of calcium sulfite in desulfurization ash, to investigate the effects of the oxygen content, reaction temperature, medium flow rate, and chloride content on the oxidation of calcium sulfite, and to analyze the thermodynamics in the high-temperature oxidation reaction. The results showed that the oxidation rate of calcium sulfite increased with higher reaction temperatures. Increased oxygen content promoted the oxidation rate, particularly at low oxygen levels. The oxidation rate of calcium sulfite correlated positively with the medium flow rate until a rate of 75 mL·min− was reached. At a reaction temperature of 420 °C and a gas flow rate of 85 mL·min−1, the oxidation conversion efficiency exceeded 89%. Chloride content significantly reduced the oxidation rate of calcium sulfite, although this inhibition weakened at temperatures above 500 °C. Kinetic analysis suggested that the oxidation reaction of calcium sulfite predominantly occurred below 500 °C. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications for the thermal oxidation treatment and disposal of desulfurization ash.
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Kim, Yong Chul, Akihito Yoshida, and Yukio Tamura. "Influence of Surrounding Buildings on Wind Loads Acting on Low-Rise Building." Journal of Structural Engineering 139, no. 2 (2013): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000625.
Full textBooks on the topic "Low ascent building"
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Harkness, Geoff. Changing Qatar. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479889075.001.0001.
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Qatar is the wealthiest country in the world—and one of the fastest growing. Its current population is five times larger than it was in 2000. Photos of the Arabian Gulf micronation from the 1980s show a few modest one-story buildings. Today, Qatar’s capital, Doha, is a modern petro-boomtown whose futuristic skyline features a phalanx of space-age skyscrapers. In 2022, Qatar will be the first Arab nation to host the FIFA World Cup. To prepare, Qatar’s government has imported more than one million low-wage workers to construct outdoor air-conditioned soccer stadiums, subway systems, and megahotels. Today, Qatari nationals represent only about 10 percent of their country’s population. Changing Qatar explores how citizenship and nationality are reshaped in these global processes. The nation’s dynastic ruling family assures its conservative Muslim citizenry that Qatar’s rapid modernization will take place alongside cultural preservation. In doing so, the leadership employs modern traditionalism, a flexible narrative framework in which customary and contemporary are strategically merged. Based on three years of immersive fieldwork and 130 revealing interviews, Changing Qatar goes beyond the slogans to examine how the people who inhabit Qatar are coming to terms with its ascent. The book demonstrates how Qataris and non-Qataris reaffirm—and challenge—traditions in many areas of everyday life, from dating and marriage to clothing and humor to gender and sports. A cultural study of citizenship, Changing Qatar delivers a richly detailed portrait of this rising Gulf nation that cannot be found elsewhere.
Book chapters on the topic "Low ascent building"
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Schmelz, Peter J. "Toccata." In Alfred Schnittke's Concerto Grosso no. 1. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653712.003.0002.
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The second movement of Alfred Schnittke’s Concerto Grosso no. 1, Toccata, frantically evokes the baroque past, leavened with heavy borrowings from contemporary musical practice, particularly the micropolyphony of György Ligeti. This chapter begins to account for the distinctive musical language of the movement and the entire composition, its basic building blocks and its central structural and stylistic features. It addresses the music’s sources in Schnittke’s film music, including scores to a film about Rasputin (Agony, dir. Elem Klimov); an ecological cartoon (Butterfly, dir. Andrei Khrzhanovsky); a film about World War II (Ascent, dir. Larisa Shepitko); and The Tale of the Moor of Peter the Great (dir. Alexander Mitta). This background informs the chapter’s critique of Schnittke’s goal to bridge the gap between high and low in this music and his related goal to reconcile his paid job writing for film with his largely unpaid calling as a serious composer.
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Lundstrom, C. C., X. Lin, K. Brueckel, et al. "New mechanism for forming thick granitic continental crust at Phanerozoic convergent margins." In In the Footsteps of Warren B. Hamilton: New Ideas in Earth Science. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2553(20).
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ABSTRACT Phanerozoic continental subduction zones have produced thick continental crust composed almost entirely of granitoid plutons. While ideas about how plutons form have evolved from models that envisioned large, highly molten magma bodies, the exact processes involved remain debated. Geochronology and seismology have led to the view that plutons form by incremental emplacement; stacked sills represent one type of incremental model whereby granitoids grow top-down by sills underplating their predecessor. Still, many questions remain unanswered, including why sill-like contacts are not often seen in more mature plutons, why the mafic residuum is not observed with many granitoid plutons, why some plutons are compositionally zoned (and others are not), and why geochemical characteristics of intrusions systematically change during magmatic cycles. Here, we propose a hypothesis for the construction of batholiths by amalgamation of plutons formed in a two-stage process. During stage 1, intermediate-composition sills underplate previous sills, forming a moving reaction zone mafic complex that produces a thickening granitoid as the process moves downward. The top of this mafic complex also releases a water-rich, low-temperature silicate liquid (LTSL), which begins ascent by reactive porous flow. During stage 2, the upward flux of LTSL further differentiates the overlying granitoids, increasing silica by 5%–10% and resulting in linear “mixing-like” behavior on Harker diagrams. Multiple plutons building downward in a magmatic cycle thicken the crust, leading to garnet gabbro mafic complexes forming at ~20 km depth. Their high density leads to delamination and net silicification of continental crust. The continuous flux of LTSL up through the arc crust can explain many geochemical spatial-temporal trends found in magmatic cycles, including Pb isotope evolution and increasing Fe3+, and provides a mechanism for addition of water to the upper crust, leading to sustained volcanism through time.
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Flores, Benjamin D., and Dante L. Silva. "Wind Loads on Structures: A Finite Element-Based Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis in Evaluating the Wind Tunnel Effects on Low-Rise Structures." In Fuzzy Systems and Data Mining IX. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231012.
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This research paper evaluates the effects of wind tunnel testing on low-rise buildings using a Finite Element-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in order to compare the results of the traditional Directional Procedure (Building of All Heights Method) to the results of the CFD analysis. This study utilized all necessary parameters for the Wind Tunnel Procedure in accordance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines section 207F together with the guidelines prescribed in ASCE 7-16. The mathematical prototype of 3 different buildings with the same dimensions were created using midas NFX, and the necessary boundary conditions for CFD analysis were set up. The pressure caused by wind load on these buildings were evaluated and compared with the Directional procedure in Section 207B of the NSCP (Buildings of all heights method). Atmospheric turbulence was also modelled using Kinetic Energy and Length Scale method utilizing 2-equation k-ε turbulence model. The results show significant differences in pressure effects on walls with considerable number of openings and unique façade features. CFD results also show accurate internal pressure and velocity profile in areas near the wall openings and building edges. This research is particularly relevant for the design and construction of buildings in areas prone to strong winds, such as the Philippines, where accurate wind load calculations are crucial to ensuring structural safety and integrity. While numerous studies in other countries have explored the impact of wind on low-rise structures through mathematical simulations, there remains a substantial gap in the Philippines regarding research concerning wind tunnel effects on structures using mathematical and numerical approaches. This study aims to fill this gap by connecting the existing National Structural Code of the Philippines with contemporary trends in mathematical simulations.
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Krishna Pasupuleti, Murali. "Next-Gen Connectivity: Innovations in Advanced Telecommunication." In Innovations in Advanced Telecommunication. National Education Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62311/nesx/77646.
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Abstract: This chapter explores the cutting-edge advancements in next-generation telecommunication technologies, focusing on the evolution from 5G to emerging 6G networks and beyond. It delves into the transformative impact of these technologies on various sectors, including smart cities, autonomous vehicles, remote healthcare, and Industry 4.0. The chapter examines key features such as enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable low latency communication, and massive machine-type communication, highlighting their role in driving innovative applications. It also addresses the critical challenges related to network security, data privacy, and the ethical implications of widespread connectivity. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the economic and social implications of next-gen connectivity, including the potential to bridge the digital divide and foster global economic growth. The interplay of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and quantum communication is explored, offering insights into the future trends and predictions in the telecommunication landscape. Keywords: Next-Gen Connectivity,Advanced Telecommunication,5G Technology,6G Networks,Smart Cities,Autonomous Vehicles,Remote Healthcare,Industry 4.0,Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB),Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC),Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC),Network Security,Data Privacy,Artificial Intelligence (AI),Blockchain,Quantum Communication,Internet of Things (IoT),Edge Computing,Telecommunication Policy,Digital Divide,Cybersecurity and Ethical Implications of Connectivity. References: Anandan, R., Kumar, M. S., C. L., B., Díaz, V. G., & Pal, S. (2024). Next-Gen Technologies in Computational Intelligence. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003430452 Grundler, R. (2023). Building a Next-gen Space Ecosystem for Networking, Connectivity & AI. ASCEND 2023. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4679 Syvyk, O. S., Yakovets, V. P., & Kremenetska, Ya. A. (2021). Analysis directions for the development of future telecommunication technologies. Connectivity, 151(3). https://doi.org/10.31673/2412-9070.2021.031721 Telecommunication Transformation and Intelligent Connectivity. (2021). Intelligent Connectivity, 21–39. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119685265.ch2 Varfolomeyeva, O. H., & Zakharzhevskyy, A. H. (2023). Traffic modeling and analysis in channels of telecommunication subsystems of complex security systems. Connectivity, 162(2). https://doi.org/10.31673/2412-9070.2023.022530
Conference papers on the topic "Low ascent building"
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Buddee, Samard. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of an Existing Low-Rise RC Building after Strengthening using Nonlinear Static Procedure." In IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022: Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.0387.
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<p>This paper evaluates the seismic performance of an existing reinforced concrete (RC) building after strengthening by using the nonlinear static analysis procedure (NSP). The comprehension gained from such an evaluation can be used to propose effective control measures or strengthening techniques for other existing low-rise RC buildings. In this case study, the approach was applied to an existing 4-storey banquet hall with a basement in Bangkok, Thailand. During construction in 1998, the 3rd floor slab was partly demolished. Strengthening was then carried out by adding new RC columns. As the building was constructed in 1998, the structure no longer meets the new Thai regulation. As a result, the building may have had significant deficiencies, and an assessment had to be conducted according to the Thai Ministerial Regulation B.E. 2564 (2021) and ASCE 41-17. A seismic safety evaluation was applied after the building had been strengthened by using the NSP, which was performed by using a software program. The results showed that, after strengthening, it complied with the regulation and standards. Therefore, it was proven that this building is able to resist the selected seismic forces along with other loads to provide sufficient performance.</p>
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Xu, Tiangui, Shenggang Fan, Meijing Liu, Ganping Shu, and Laizhu Jiang. "In-fire and post-fire mechanical properties of high nitrogen and low nickel stainless steel S35657." In International Conference on Fire Safety Engineering Research and Practice. Science Technology and Management Crescent Australia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.71427/icfserp2024/12.
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Stainless steel S35657, a relatively new type of steel material, has been increasingly utilized in construction in recent years. It has the advantages of high strength and low production cost compared to other austenitic stainless steel, due to increasing the nitrogen content (0.235%), reducing the nickel content (3.03%). Fire hazards are normally destructive for steel structures, as both stiffness and strength of steel materials decrease dramatically at elevated temperatures. Investigating their in-fire and post-fire mechanical properties provides evidence for its fire resistance design and post fire repair and reinforcement, which can reduce economic losses caused by fires and improve the sustainability of the building environment. Overall, current research on the in-fire (Rasmussen 2003, Chen et al. 2006, Gardner et al. 2010, Fan et al. 2020 and Suo et al. 2021,) and post-fire (Wang et al. 2014, Huang et al. 2017, 2018, and Tao et al. 2019) mechanical properties of stainless steel is primarily focused on ordinary stainless steels, with limited studies on stainless steel S35657, and there are no refine equations to predict stress-strain relationship of stainless steel S35657 in-fire and post-fire conditions. Hence, there was an eminent need to investigate the deterioration and residual mechanical properties of stainless steel S35657 at high temperatures and after exposure to high temperatures. In this study, in-fire and post-fire mechanical performance tests were conducted on stainless steel S35657. One hundred and nine standard coupons were fabricated, comprising 5 coupons for tensile tests at ambient temperature, 32 coupons for steady-state tests at elevated temperature, and 72 coupons for tensile tests post-fire. In steady-state tests, the effect of exposure temperature (ranging from 20 °C to 1000 °C) and tensile rate (0.5 mm/min, 1.0 mm/min and 3.0 mm/min) on mechanical properties was investigated. In post-fire tests, the exposure temperature (ranging from 100 °C to 1000 °C), heat soak duration (20 min, 60 min and 180 min), and cooling mode (furnace cooling, air cooling and water cooling) were considered. According to steady-state tests, it can be found that as the control temperature increases, the mechanical properties deteriorate continuously. When the temperature exceeds 600 ℃, there is a rapid decline in mechanical properties. When the temperature is controlled below 700 ℃, the curve exhibits distinct ascent stage, strengthening stage, and decreasing stage. However, when the temperature exceeds 700 ℃, the strengthening stage of the curve disappears, and the coupon enters the plastic flow stage. As the tensile rate increases, both the yield strength and ultimate strength of the In-fire and post-fire mechanical properties of high nitrogen and low nickel stainless steel S35657 Xu International Conference on Fire Safety Engineering Research and Practice, 24-27 Nov 2024, Sydney, Australia Page 98 coupon increased gradually. This phenomenon may be attributed to the high-temperature creep effect (Fan et al. 2020). In the post-fire test, the stress-strain curve of the coupon with different cooling methods is similar, manifested as the elastic stage, strengthening stage, horizontal stage (when the strain reaches a certain value, the stress tends to stabilize), and decreasing stage. It can be observed that there is no significant change in the variation curve of each coupon at a temperature of 20-900 ℃. After reaching a temperature of 1000 ℃, the stress-strain curve of the coupon showed a significant change, which was significantly lower than other temperatures. The post-fire stress-strain curves for heating soak duration of 20, 60 and 180 min generally coincided with each other. Previous studies (Huang and Young 2017, 2018) have demonstrated that the soaking time has insignificant effect on post-fire mechanical properties for ferritic stainless steel and lean duplex stainless steel. Analogously, a similar conclusion can also be drawn regarding stainless steel S35657. In addition, the mechanical properties encompassing modulus of elasticity, proof yield strength, ultimate strength of stainless steel S35657 in-fire and post-fire were reported, and corresponding reduction factor were obtained. Based on the test results, it was found that the existing equations cannot accurately predict the mechanical properties of S35657 stainless steel in fire and after exposure to fire. Therefore, new predictive equations were proposed to predict mechanical properties for stainless steel S35657 in-fire and post-fire conditions. The predicted results obtained from the established equations are highly consistent with the test data, which can provide references for the evaluation of residual mechanical property of stainless steel S35657 structures.
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Buddee, Samard. "Comparison between the previous and new earthquake design standards in Thailand." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.1205.
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<p>This study was conducted on the seismic performance of the new DPT 1301/1302 - 61 earthquake design standard in Thailand, the ACI 318-11:2014, and the ASCE 7-16 Standard. The selected sample structure for the case study was an existing five-storey building located in Bangkok. It was designed as a shopping mall having a length of 350 m, a width of 35 m, and a height of 26 m, resulting in a total constructed usable area of 62,000 m2, and consists of shops, restaurants and car-park spaces. Construction started on 15th February 2013, and it was opened on 31st August 2019. Bangkok is situated on a large plain underlain by the thick alluvial and deltaic sediments of the Chao Phraya Basin. The design spectral accelerations, as specified in the previous DPT standard 1302 - 52, were established based on the data of the site characteristics available from the past. However, recent studies have revealed several key features of the site characteristics that are essential for improvement of the previous standard. The structural analysis and design of this building were performed by using computer software programs so as to comply with the previous standard. This paper presents a comparison between the previous and the newly revised standards and examines the design differences by using the selected building as a case study on the structural design of typical existing low-rise buildings in Bangkok.</p>
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Patil, Swanand, and Pankaj Agarwal. "Low-Damage Seismic Design of RC Buildings with Supplemental Energy Dissipation Systems." In ASCE India Conference 2017. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482032.040.
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Gan, Vincent J. L., Irene M. C. Lo, K. T. Tse, C. L. Wong, Jack C. P. Cheng, and C. M. Chan. "BIM-Based Integrated Design Approach for Low Carbon Green Building Optimization and Sustainable Construction." In ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482421.053.
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Abualdenien, Jimmy, and André Borrmann. "A Multi-LOD Model for Visualizing Building Information Models’ Vagueness." In ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482421.032.
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Houston, Thomas W., Greg E. Mertz, and Andrew Maham. "Comparison of Seismic Design Provisions Using ASCE 43 With Conventional Design Based on ASCE 7 Seismic Loads." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63681.
Full textAbstract:
One graded approach for the design of nuclear facilities would design high hazard facilities to meet the provisions of ASCE 43 while low hazard facilities would be designed as conventional structures based on the seismic loading and design criteria in ASCE 7. In structures with an intermediate hazard it is not immediately obvious which standard provides a more conservative design. This paper presents a case study that compares the performance of an intermediate hazard structure with ASCE 7 seismic loading and criteria to the target performance goals described in ASCE 43 and DOE-STD-1020. The purposes of seismic design associated with ASCE 7 are; 1) to provide minimum design criteria for structures appropriate to their primary function and use considering the need to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the general public by minimizing the earthquake-related risk to life, and 2) to improve the capability of essential facilities and structures containing substantial quantities of hazardous materials to function during and after design earthquakes. Designs developed using the provisions of ASCE 7 are targeted to a collapse prevention limit state probability of 1% in 50 years. The goal of the earthquake provisions in ASCE 43 is to ensure that high hazard nuclear facilities can withstand the effects of earthquakes with desired performance, expressed as probabilistic Target Performance Goals and various limit, or damage, states. These Target Performance Goals range from 1×10−4 to 1×10−5 with limit states ranging from essentially linear response to short of collapse. There are requirements invoked by ASCE 7 that are different than the requirements of ASCE 43 which prevents a direct computation of performance based on comparing the seismic demand levels required by each standard. These differences include the use of building R values in ASCE 7 compared to component specific Fu values in ASCE 43, the use of different analyses methods, ASCE 7 upper bound limits on seismic forces for some components, the limitations on framing system types, among others. The effect of these differences on the performance achieved between the two standards is evaluated for the design of a reinforced concrete shear wall structure that is representative of the types of structures used in nuclear facilities.
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Main, Joseph A. "Database-Assisted Design of Low-Rise Buildings for Wind Loads: Recent Developments and Comparisons with ASCE/SEI 7-05." In Structures Congress 2007. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40946(248)11.
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Andrzejewski, Elizabeth, Esther Obonyo, and Marcus Shaffer. "Re-Engaging the Kinematics of Building Assembly: An Exploration of Konrad Wachsmann’s Architecture Machine through a Technological Dialog with the LOM." In ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2021. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483893.131.
Full textReports on the topic "Low ascent building"
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Grant, Charles. Diaphragm Walls as Permanent Basement Walls in Regions of High Seismicity. Deep Foundations Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2012-slwl-1.
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Reinforced concrete structural slurry walls have been used in the United States since the early 1960s. The typical practice, and one that makes the economics of slurry walls particularly attractive, is to design the walls to act as both temporary excavation support and permanent basement walls. They often serve as multi-story basements and below grade parking for buildings, for tunnels, subway stations, and other buried structures. One of the early applications was for a foundation for a subway station in San Francisco, but for the most part they have been used more extensively in regions of low seismicity. The purpose of this report is to investigate the requirements for extension of this practice to more common use in regions of high seismicity. Structural slurry walls are concrete walls constructed below the ground surface. In slurry wall construction, a trench is excavated using a rectangular clamshell bucket or other specialized equipment. During excavation, the trench is held open by introduction of a bentonite or polymer slurry. Steel reinforcement, if required, is lowered into the slurry-filled trench, and concrete is subsequently deposited by tremie, displacing the slurry. The length of trench open at any one time is limited to a typical maximum of about 20 to 24 feet by excavation stability and concrete placement volume considerations. Each individual concrete placement is referred to as a “panel,” and vertical construction joints separate the panels. Temporary “end-stops” are used as formwork to control the geometry of the panel joints, and horizontal reinforcement is discontinuous at the joints. Structural slurry panels range from 1.5 to 5.0 feet thick, 7 to 24 feet long, and up to 300 feet deep. In the United States, panels that are 2.0 to 3.5 feet thick and depths of 40 to 150 feet are commonplace. Structural basement walls support earth pressures acting laterally against the wall, dead and live loads acting vertically, and in-plane shear and flexure from wind and earthquake loads. The design of permanent slurry walls in regions of low or moderate seismicity is often limited to providing the strength necessary to resist out-of-plane soil pressures and vertical dead and live loads from the superstructure and basement framing. Although these walls also transfer in-plane lateral forces from the superstructure into the soils, the walls are often not specifically designed for these in-plane forces because their inherent strength is usually much greater than the forces being transferred. If resistance to in-plane forces acting on a wall required an increase in vertical reinforcement at the ends of a wall segment, an increase in the cap beam strength, or an increase in the horizontal reinforcement for shear strength, the overall design and construction approach would not vary significantly from current practice. Structural slurry walls have been used to a limited extent for buildings designed for high seismic risk, but there is reluctance on the part of design engineers to use them more often because of concern for how to design these walls to resist in-plane lateral forces, lack of code provisions for reinforcement detailing, and damage that may occur at panel joints. For buildings designed for high seismic risk, such as those assigned to Seismic Design Categories (SDC) D, E, and F as defined in Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-10), in-plane shear and flexural actions may likely require modifications of a structural slurry wall only designed for out-of-plane soil pressures and vertical live and dead loads. Design would need to address in-plane lateral forces acting on structural slurry walls and the interaction of the in-plane actions with the out-of-plane and vertical actions. These issues are discussed in this report, and approaches to design for high seismic risk are presented.
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Motamed, Ramin, David McCallen, and Swasti Saxena. An International Workshop on Large-Scale Shake Table Testing for the Assessment of Soil-Foundation-Structure System Response for Seismic Safety of DOE Nuclear Facilities, A Virtual Workshop – 17-18 May 2021. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/jjvo9762.
Full textAbstract:
Aging infrastructure within the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) nuclear facilities poses a major challenge to their resiliency against natural phenomenon hazards. Examples of mission-critical facilities located in regions of high seismicity can be found at a number of NNSA sites including Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Nevada National Security Site. Most of the nation’s currently operating nuclear facilities have already reached their operating lifetime, and most currently operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) have already reached the extent of their operating license period. While the domestic demand for electrical energy is expected to grow, if currently operating NPPs do not extend their operations and additional plants are not built quickly enough to replace them, the total fraction of electrical energy generated from carbon-free nuclear power will rapidly decline. The decision to extend operation is ultimately an economic one; however, economics can often be improved through technical advancements (McCarthy et al. 2015) and research and development (R&D) activities. Similarly, the operating lifetime of the current DOE- and NNSA-owned critical infrastructure can be extended using the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) framework to systematically identify the risk associated with designing and operating existing facilities and building new ones. Using this framework consists of several steps, including (1) system analysis considering the interaction between components, such as evaluating the soil-foundation-structure system response; and (2) assessment of areas of uncertainty. Both of these steps are essential to assessing and reducing risks to the DOE and NNSA nuclear facilities. While the risks to the DOE’s facilities are primarily due to natural hazard phenomena, data from large-scale tests of the soil-foundation-structural system response to seismic shaking is currently lacking. This workshop aimed to address these key areas by organizing an international workshop focused on advancing the seismic safety of nuclear facilities using large-scale shake table testing. As a result, this workshop, which was held virtually, brought together a select group of international experts in large-scale shake table testing from the U.S., Japan, and Europe to discuss state-of-the-art experimental techniques and emerging instrumentation technologies that can produce unique experimental data to advance knowledge in natural hazards that impact the safety of the DOE’s nuclear facilities. The generated experimental data followed by research and development activities will ultimately result in updates to ASCE 4-16, one of the primary design guides for DOE nuclear facilities per DOE-STD-1020-2016. The ultimate objective of the workshop was to develop a “road map” for the future experimental campaign and innovative instrumentations using the newly constructed DOE-funded large-scale shake table facility at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) as well as other large-scale shake table testing facilities. This new facility resulted from a collaborative project engagement between UNR and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (LBNL). This report summarizes the proceedings of the workshop and highlights the key outcomes from presentations and discussions.