Journal articles: 'Low birth weight infant'

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Barnett, Elizabeth. "Race Differences in the Proportion of Low Birth Weight Attributable to Maternal Cigarette Smoking in a Low-Income Population." American Journal of Health Promotion 10, no. 2 (November 1995): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-10.2.105.

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Purpose. To quantify race differences in the public health impact of maternal cigarette smoking on infant birth weight and to estimate the proportion of low birth weight births that could be prevented by maternal smoking cessation. Design. A cohort that consisted of 77,751 mother-infant pairs was evaluated retrospectively. Setting. Statewide study of Women, Infants and Children participants in North Carolina. Subjects. African-American and non-Hispanic white women who delivered a single live infant during 1988, 1989, or 1990. Measures. Logistic regression estimates of the relative risk of low birth weight births for smokers were used to calculate adjusted population attributable risk percentages for smoking. Separate population attributable risk percentages were calculated for total low birth weight, moderately low birth weight, and very low birth weight, and all estimates were adjusted for prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, age, education, parity, and timing of entry into prenatal care. Results. Non-Hispanic whites had a much higher prevalence of smoking and were heavier smokers than African-Americans. For both moderately low birth weight and very low birth weight, the population attributable risk percentages for smoking were twice as high for non-Hispanic whites than for African-Americans. Overall, after adjustment, 30.7% of low birth weight births among non-Hispanic whites and 14.4% of low birth weight births among African-Americans were attributable to smoking. Conclusions. Although the public health impact of maternal cigarette smoking on infant birth weight was twice as high for non-Hispanic whites as for African-Americans in this low-income population, smoking cessation by all low-income pregnant women would result in significant improvements in infant health and well-being.

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Adjerid, Khaled, Christopher J. Mayerl, Francois D. H. Gould, Chloe E. Edmonds, Bethany M. Stricklen, Laura E. Bond, and Rebecca Z. German. "Does birth weight affect neonatal body weight, growth, and physiology in an animal model?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): e0246954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246954.

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Infant birth weight affects neuromotor and biomechanical swallowing performance in infant pig models. Preterm infants are generally born low birth weight and suffer from delayed development and neuromotor deficits. These deficits include critical life skills such as swallowing and breathing. It is unclear whether these neuromotor and biomechanical deficits are a result of low birth weight or preterm birth. In this study we ask: are preterm infants simply low birth weight infants or do preterm infants differ from term infants in weight gain and swallowing behaviors independent of birth weight? We use a validated infant pig model to show that preterm and term infants gain weight differently and that birth weight is not a strong predictor of functional deficits in preterm infant swallowing. We found that preterm infants gained weight at a faster rate than term infants and with nearly three times the variation. Additionally, we found that the number of sucks per swallow, swallow duration, and the delay of the swallows relative to the suck cycles were not impacted by birth weight. These results suggest that any correlation of developmental or swallowing deficits with reduced birth weight are likely linked to underlying physiological immaturity of the preterm infant.

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Sumits, Tracey, Robert Bennett, and Jeffrey Gould. "Maternal Risks for Very Low Birth Weight Infant Mortality." Pediatrics 98, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.2.236.

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Objective. To determine whether known maternal risk factors for low birth weight directly contribute to infant mortality among very low birth weight infants. Design. Retrospective population-based, case-control study. Setting. Four hospitals in the Oakland, California, area: one community, two private, one health maintenance organization. Participants. All live-born singleton very low birth weight (<1500 g) infants born to Oakland residents over a 3-year period. Cases were infants who died before their first birthday, identified by computerized linkage of birth and death certificates. For each case, a surviving control was selected to match for birth weight, sex, and race. Forty matched pairs were identified in total. Outcome Measures. Prevalence of maternal risk factors among cases versus controls. Results. After controlling for other factors known to influence either birth weight or infant mortality, maternal cocaine use (odds ratio [OR] = 5.43), prior infant death (OR = 27.14), and planned pregnancy (OR = 6.33) were significantly associated with the survival of very low birth weight infants. Conclusions. Some maternal risk factors for low birth weight confer a survival advantage to very low birth weight infants. Our data reveal that maternal cocaine use is independently associated with survival among this subset of infants. Prior research supports the observed relationship as well as the scientific plausibility of a cocaine-mediated survival advantage among premature infants. Our study also showed both planned pregnancy and prior infant death to be independently associated with infant survival among this subset of infants, sugesting that maternal behaviors may play a role in determining birth weight-specific mortality. These data should be systematically evaluated to better define their relationship to infant mortality.

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Esmaeili, Maryam, Alireza Jashni Motlagh, and Mitra Rahimzadeh. "Factors Associated with Re-Admission and Mortality Rate in Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight Infant." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 03 (February 18, 2020): 1407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr200890.

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WEGMAN, MYRON E. "Low Birth Weight, Vital Records, and Infant Mortality." Pediatrics 78, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 1143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.6.1143.

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About one tenth of all infant deaths occur in babies weighing less than 500 g at birth, almost all of whom die very shortly thereafter. In 1983, when the United States reported 3,638,933 live births, 4,368 of them were less than 500 g; that year there were 26,507 neonatal deaths. This means that slightly more than 0.1% of all live births contributed to 17% of neonatal mortality. Given this order of magnitude, any change in the numbers relating to these tiny babies can have a disproportionate influence on reported infant mortality and on interstate comparisons. Two questions promptly arise. How accurate and meaningful are the data regarding babies born weighing less than 500 g? What can be done to decrease the deaths in this category? Wilson et al1 call attention to how the number of very low birth weight infants reported by a state may be affected by the state's definition of a live birth.

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Romero, Rene, and Ronald E. Kleinman. "Feeding the Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant." Pediatrics In Review 14, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14.4.123.

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Unfortunately, premature birth occurs commonly in the United States. Improving the survival of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants depends in large part upon understanding the physiologic capabilities of their immature organ systems and providing appropriate support as they mature. Advances in the nutritional support of these infants have contributed to the better outcomes we have come to expect today, even for the smallest infants. In this review, we will discuss the limitations of gastrointestinal function and the unique nutritional requirements of very low-birth-weight infants and describe the current methods of enteral and parenteral nutrition support used to meet these requirements. Developmental Physiology By 24 to 26 weeks of gestation, the fetal gastrointestinal tract is morphologically similar to that of the full-term infant; however, functional development is far from complete. Maturation of gastrointestinal motility, digestion, and absorption continues through much of the first year of life, even in full-term infants, as a result of an interplay between the preprogrammed "biological clock" and environmental influences. The decision to feed the VLBW infant must take into account the developmental limitations as well as the potential for enhancing intestinal maturation at each stage of development (Table 1). Fetal swallowing is evident at the beginning of the second trimester.

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EGGLESTON, ELIZABETH, AMY ONG TSUI, and JUDITH FORTNEY. "ASSESSING SURVEY MEASURES OF INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT AND BIRTH SIZE IN ECUADOR." Journal of Biosocial Science 32, no. 3 (July 2000): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000003734.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of using maternal assessments of infant birth size as proxy measures for birth weight in Ecuador, a country in which a sizeable proportion of births take place at home, where birth weight is typically not recorded. Four thousand and seventy-eight women who experienced a live singleton birth between January 1992 and August 1994 were interviewed in the Ecuador Demographic and Maternal–Child Health Survey. All women were asked if their child was weighed at birth, his/her weight, and what they considered to be his/her birth size relative to other newborns. The consistency between birth size and birth weight measures was assessed, and the differences between infants with and without reported birth weights were explored. The authors conclude that maternal assessments of birth size are poor proxy indicators of birth weight. Estimates of low birth weight based on maternal assessments of birth size as very small should be recognized as underestimates of the actual prevalence of low birth weight. Moreover, infants for whom birth weights are missing should not be considered similar to those for whom weight was reported. Those without reported birth weights are more likely to be low birth weight. Thus, relying solely on reports of numeric birth weight will underestimate the prevalence of low birth weight.

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McCarton, Cecelia. "Behavioral Outcomes in Low Birth Weight Infants." Pediatrics 102, Supplement_E1 (November 1, 1998): 1293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.102.se1.1293.

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Low birth weight infants are at increased risk for behavioral and emotional problems. The Infant Health and Development Program was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intense pediatric and family support on reducing developmental and behavioral problems in low birth weight, premature infants. The major findings of this and other studies are presented in this article.

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Ebrahim, G. J. "Feeding the Low Birth Weight (LBW) Infant." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 33, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/33.5.226.

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Loui, Andrea, Andrea Raab, Michael Obladen, and Peter Brätter. "Nutritional Zinc Balance in Extremely Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 32, no. 4 (April 2001): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2001.tb07294.x.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundZinc is important for metabolism, cell growth, immunity, and defense against oxygen radicals. Extremely low‐birth‐weight (< 1000 g) infants have higher nutritional needs, but information on zinc is scarce. The authors performed nutritional balances in 10 infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g and who were fed with fortified human milk.MethodsThe authors collected infant feces, urine, and blood and human milk samples during 72 hours at 7 and 12 weeks of age. Zinc concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrophotometry, atomic emission spectro‐photometry, and instrumental neutron activation analysis.ResultsMean (SD) intake via human milk was 379 (± 373) μg · kg−1 · d−1 during both balances. Urinary excretion was high at 7 weeks of age, decreased to half at 12 week, and was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with weight gain. Mean absorption was slightly positive at 7 weeks of age but zero or negative in most infants at 12 weeks of age. Retention was negative in all infants at both observation periods, except in one infant during the second balance. Clinical zinc deficiency developed in one infant at 12 weeks of age.ConclusionsZinc balances in extremely low‐birth‐weight infants are highly variable and usually negative. Controlled trials are needed to assess need for and benefits and risks of zinc supplementation.

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Churella, Helen R., Wendy L. Bachhuber, and William C. MacLean. "Survey: Methods of Feeding Low-Birth-Weight Infants." Pediatrics 76, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.2.243.

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The directors of 269 neonatal intensive care units were surveyed to determine how low-birth-weight infants are being fed. Feeding practices were based on birth weight, with the smallest infants receiving parenteral nutrition for the longest time after birth. First enteral feedings usually were given by the nasogastric route in infants with birth weight of 1,500 g or less, but transpyloric feedings were used in 15% of neonatal intensive care units for infants with birth weight less than 1,000 g. The initial enteral feeding was sterile water in 56% to 58% of the neonatal intensive care units, but was glucose water or milk in the others. Once enteral feeding was established, both human milk from the infant's own mother and commercial formula were used. Whether human milk was mixed or alternated with infant formula, or whether some infants in the nursery were fed human milk while others were fed formula, was not determined. The type of infant formula fed to low-birth-weight infants depended on the infant's birth weight and clinical status. Both human milk and formula were supplemented with energy (fat or carbohydrates) and vitamins, but not with calcium and phosphorus, in most neonatal intensive care units. Some vitamins, such as vitamins A and D, may be oversupplemented, while others, such as folic acid, may be undersupplemented.

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Fujiwara, Takeo, Makiko Okuyama, Haley Tsui, and Karestan C. Koenen. "Perinatal Factors Associated with Infant Maltreatment." Clinical medicine. Pediatrics 1 (January 2008): CMPed.S980. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s980.

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Background The association between birth outcomes and child maltreatment remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to test whether infants without congenital or chronic disease who are low birth weight (LBW), preterm, or small for gestational age (SGA) are at an increased risk of being maltreated. Methods A hospital-based case-control study of infants without congenital or chronic diseases who visited the National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, between April 1, 2002 and March 31, 2005 was conducted. Cases (N = 35) and controls (N = 29) were compared on mean birth weight, gestational age, and z-score of birth weight. Results SGA was significantly associated with infant maltreatment after adjusting for other risk factors (adjusted odds ratio: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.29–15.3). LBW and preterm births were not associated with infant maltreatment. Conclusion Infants born as SGA are 4.5 times more at risk of maltreatment, even if they do not have a congenital or chronic disease. This may be because SGA infants tend to have poorer neurological development which leads them to be hard-to-soothe and places them at risk for maltreatment. Abbreviations SCAN, Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect; LBW, low birth weight; ZBW, z-score of birth weight adjusted for gestational age, sex, and parity; SGA, small for gestational age; SD, standard deviation; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IPV, intimate partner violence.

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Wahyuni, Dwi, and Elika Puspitasari. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREECLAMPSIA AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) IN WONOSARI, GUNUNGKIDUL REGIONAL HOSPITAL." Epidemiology and Society Health Review (ESHR) 3, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/eshr.v3i1.2987.

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Background: Globally, the infant and maternal mortality rate is still a severe problem because it was an indicator of national health – no exceptions for Indonesia. In 2017, the average infant mortality rate was 76 per 1,000 live births, while in Yogyakarta, it was 313 cases. The most common causes of infant and neonatal mortality were low birth weight babies (LBW) and sepsis. In 2018 in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital found 1,421 new-borns were normal, and 298 infants were experiencing LBW. This study aims to determine preeclampsia's relationship with the incidence of low-birth-weight babies (LBW) in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital Year 2018.Methods: This research was conducted in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital, using quantitative analysis with a case-control approach. The case population was 280 and using the Slovin formula. We recruited 170 controls and 170 cases. Inclusion criteria used include (1) Babies born with low birth weight <2,500 grams; (2) a single fetus; and (3) recorded in the medical record at the hospital.Results: There was a significant relationship between preeclampsia with low-birth-weight babies (LBW) in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital 2018 with a p-value of 0.004 (p <0.05) and crude OR 2.114; 95% CI (1.268-3.523).Conclusions: Pregnant women with preeclampsia will be at greater risk of giving birth to a baby with LBW.

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MOHSIN, M., F. WONG, ADRIAN BAUMAN, and JUN BAI. "MATERNAL AND NEONATAL FACTORS INFLUENCING PREMATURE BIRTH AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 35, no. 2 (April 2003): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003001615.

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This study identified the influences of neonatal and maternal factors on premature birth and low birth weight in New South Wales, Australia. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the association of selected neonatal and maternal characteristics with premature birth and low birth weight. The findings of this study showed that premature birth and low birth weight rate significantly varied by infant sex, maternal age, marital status, Aboriginality, parity, maternal smoking behaviour during pregnancy and maternal hypertension. First-born infants, and infants born to mothers aged less than 20 years, or who were single, separated/divorced, Aboriginal or who smoked during the pregnancy, were at increased risk of being premature or of low birth weight. This study also found that risk factors for premature births and low birth weight were similar in both singleton and multiple births. Gestational age was confirmed to be the single most important risk factor for low birth weight. The findings of this study suggest that in order to reduce the incidence of low birth weight and premature births, health improvement strategies should focus on antismoking campaigns during pregnancy and other healthcare programmes targeted at the socially disadvantaged populations identified in the study.

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Arun, Aaditya Krishna, Luis Rustveld, and Ajeesh Sunny. "Association between Water Fluoride Levels and Low Birth Weight: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 8956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158956.

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Background: Excessive fluoride consumption affects reproductive and child health. We examined the association between levels of fluoride in drinking water and birth weight, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016, after adjusting for known risk factors Low Birth Weight (LBW) including age, smoking, and socio-demographic variables including education, food security, health care access, and health status. Methods: The study included 7147 and 6858 women with complete birth weight and water fluoride data, respectively. Linear regression models evaluated the association between water fluoride and birth weight across racial/ethnic groups. The odds of delivering an LBW infant (<2500 g) compared to an infant weighing ≥ 2500 g, as well as the odds of delivering a Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW, <1500 g) infant compared to an LBW infant were explored in separate logistic regression models. Results: Women with LBW infants were exposed to significantly higher levels of water fluoride compared to those with normal birth weight infants. Our findings suggest a significant association between excess water fluoride exposure (>0.7 ppm) and LBW weight in Hispanic women, independent of established LBW risk factors. In logistic regression models, Hispanic women exposed to increased levels of water fluoride were 1.5 times more likely to give birth to an LBW infant and 3.5 more likely to give birth to a VLBW infant. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings can inform public health education strategies that highlight water fluoride as a potential risk factor during pregnancy in Hispanic women. More research is needed to confirm these findings.

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Rinke, C. M. "Infant mortality and the low-birth-weight infant." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 6 (February 8, 1985): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.253.6.826.

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Rinke, Carlotta M. "Infant Mortality and the Low-Birth-Weight Infant." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 253, no. 6 (February 8, 1985): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1985.03350300114031.

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Bosnyak Vento, Toni, and Denise Poirier Maguire. "Very Low Birth Weight Infant Care." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 14, no. 4 (July 1985): 266–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1985.tb02235.x.

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Gross, Steven J., and Terri A. Slagle. "Feeding the Low Birth Weight Infant." Clinics in Perinatology 20, no. 1 (March 1993): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30419-6.

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Kaul, Sushma M. "The Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant." Apollo Medicine 4, no. 2 (June 2007): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0976-0016(11)60113-0.

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Mitchell, Janet L. "Low Birth Weight and Infant Mortality." Journal of Health & Social Policy 1, no. 4 (September 21, 1990): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j045v01n04_06.

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Kaul, Sushma M. "The Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant." Apollo Medicine 4, no. 2 (June 2007): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976001620070202.

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Andayani, Pudji, Monica Anggriana Salim, Pricilia Gunawan Halim, and Ari Yunanto. "Association Of Gestational Age And Birth Weight With Neonatal Sepsis In Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin." Berkala Kedokteran 19, no. 2 (September 13, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v19i2.17385.

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Indonesia is ranked 7th in the country with the highest neonatal mortality rate in the world, respectively 60.000 neonatal deaths per year. Neonatal sepsis in one of the major causes of neonatal death. The aim of this study is to find the association of gestational age and birth weight with the incidence of neonatal sepsis in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, January-December 2021. This study is a retrospective study with a cross sectional approach at Neonatal Ward, Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, South Borneo, January to December 2021. The total sample was 200 infants consisting of 100 healthy infants and 100 sepsis infants. The source of gestational age, birth weight, and diagnosis data were taken through patient medical records. The mean gestational age of healthy infant group was 38,45 weeks (all infants were at term) while in septic infant group was 33,59 weeks (70%preterm, 28%at-term, and 2%post-term). The average birth weight of healthy infant group was 3021.24 grams (all infants were normal birth weight) while in septic infant group was 2003,59 grams (25%normal birth weight, 40%low birth weight, 25%very low birth weight, and 10%extremely low birth weight). There were an association of gestational age and birth weight with neonatal sepsis, confidential rate was 95%. (p<0,000 and p<0,000). There were an association of gestational age and birth weight with neonatal sepsis in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, January-December 2021.

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Siramaneerat, Issara, Farid Agushybana, and Yaowaluck Meebunmak. "Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Indonesia." Open Public Health Journal 11, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501811010376.

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Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major risk factor for death and disease in the fetus and newborn infant. However, the study about LBW and maternal risk factors involved in Indonesia is still limited. Objective: The present study attempted to examine the association of maternal risk factors including mother’s age, mother and husband education, mother and husband occupation and wealth, ANC visit, desired pregnancy and obstetric complication toward the occurrence of low birth weight infant across region and family wealthy. Methods: This study employed the data from the national survey of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The latest births from married women who gave birth within 2 years (2011 and 2012) preceding the IDHS were considered as sample selection. It was approximately 15,126 respondents. The predicted risks of low birth weight were estimated using multilevel logistic analysis. Results: Data were collected on 15,126 pregnant women who reported 10.2% were with LBW infants. When using the multilevel logistic analysis, the factors associated with LBW were maternal delivery-baby age, mother’s education, antenatal care and pregnancy complication at significant levels of 0.01. Conclusion: The prevalence of preterm infants in this study was quite high. Factors affecting LBW were maternal age, maternal education, ANC visits and pregnancy complication. The ANC visit of pregnant women is a potential and feasible activity to reduce the incidence of LBW.

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O'Leary, Maureen, Karen Edmond, Sian Floyd, Lisa Hurt, Caitlin Shannon, Gyan Thomas, Sam Newton, Betty Kirkwood, and Sara Thomas. "Neonatal vaccination of low birthweight infants in Ghana." Archives of Disease in Childhood 102, no. 2 (October 13, 2016): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311227.

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ObjectivesGlobal vaccination policy advocates for identifying and targeting groups who are underserved by vaccination to increase equity and uptake. We investigated whether birth weight and other factors are determinants of neonatal BCG vaccination in order to identify infants underserved by vaccination.MethodsWe used logistic regression to calculate adjusted ORs (AORs) for the association between birth weight (categorised as non-low birth weight (NLBW) (≥2.50 kg) and low birth weight (LBW) (2–2.49 kg, 1.50–1.99 kg and <1.50 kg)) and non-vaccination with BCG at the end of the neonatal period (0–27 days). We assessed whether this association varied by place of delivery and infant illness. We calculated how BCG timing and uptake would improve by ensuring the vaccination of all facility-born infants prior to discharge.ResultsThere was a strong dose–response relationship between LBW and not receiving BCG in the neonatal period (p-trend<0.0001). Infants weighing 1.50–1.99 kg had odds of non-vaccination 1.6 times (AOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.08), and those weighing <1.50 kg 2.4 times (AOR 2.42; 95% CI 1.50 to 3.88) those of NLBW infants. Other determinants included place of delivery, distance to the health facility and socioeconomic status. Neither place of delivery nor infant illness modified the association between birth weight and vaccination (p-interaction all >0.19). Facility-born infants were vaccinated at a mean of 6 days, suggesting that they were not vaccinated in the facility at birth but were referred for vaccination.ConclusionsLBW is a risk factor for neonatal under-vaccination, even for facility-born infants. Ensuring vaccination at facility births would substantively improve timing and equitable BCG vaccination.

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Utomo, Martono Tri. "Neonatal Sepsis in Low Birth Weight Infants in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital." Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease 1, no. 2 (May 3, 2010): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijtid.v1i2.2172.

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Infections of the newborn are a significant cause of mortality. Preterm infant have a high risk sepsis.. The incidence of neonatal sepsis is 1 to 10 cases per 1000 live births and 1 per 250 live premature births. To describe the characteristics of neonatal sepsis in the low birth weight infant in the neonatal intensive care unit Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Retrospective analysis. The data were collected from the medical record of low birth weight infants who were diagnosed as sepsis in neonatal care unit of Dr. Soetomo Hospital between January 2010 to June 2010 with purposive sampling. Descriptive analysis of risk factor of sepsis and blood culture of the patient was calculated. Chi-square analysis was performed in the laboratorium data. Characteristics sample: male vs female 61% vs 39%, outcome of sepsis in LBW was death 69%, alive 25%, risk of infection: turbid amniotic fluid 21%, asphyxia 33%. Laboratorium data leucopenia and thrombocytopenia (P < 0.05). Blood culture: Klebsiella pnemoniae. The incidence and mortality of neonatal sepsis in LBW infants was still high. Asphyxia, turbid amniotic fluid, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were associated with sepsis. pneumoniae was the most common organisms in the LBW sepsis infants.

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Hunter, Kennith G., and M. Mark Taslimi. "Variation in Infant Birth Weight: Socioeconomic Factors versus Medical Conditions." Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 31, no. 2 (June 2008): 198–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937390803100203.

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This paper seeks to determine the relative effect of socioeconomic variables and medical conditions in explaining changes in infant birth weight, specifically, low birth weight (LBW). Using ordinary least squares regression, we first analyze the effects of these variables on the birth weight of 621 infants. Four of the independent variables – gestational age in number of days, sex, parity, and health insurance – are statistically significant (P<.05) and explain 64 percent of the variation in infant birth weight. But in a subset of 18 infants born with LBW to mothers ≤18 years of age or 35≥ years of age, only gestational age in number of days is statistically significant.

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Poojan Patel and Potdar D B. "Study Of Clinically Manifested Congenital Malformations In Live Births." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 3191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2434.

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Cross-sectional study in 4786 live births prospective study of surviving infants born scope and clinical manifestations of congenital malformations. It was noted that a total of 4786 live births, the number of infants with a congenital malformation of 100 stillbirths, infant mortality and child morbidity are significantly detected by the abnormal impact. The number of infant birth defects, due to the advanced diagnostic technology, especially the increase USG prenatal and neonatal period. In the current study, 2753 (57.5%) and 2033 (42.5%), male and female fertility. Congenital male fertility in the baby was observed to be relatively high (68) as compared to comparative female (32) cases, as per the chi-square test (p<0.05). For a prevalence of 27 babies (27 percent), in our study, congenital abnormalities, though 2 instances (2 percent) of low birth weights, 9 (9 percent) of the children were very low birth weights and 16 (27.5 percent), of the normal birth weight.

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Shodikin, Muhammad Ali, Inke Kusumastuti, and Wahidah Nur Indasyah. "The Correlation Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections in Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight Infants." Journal of Health Sciences 14, no. 3 (August 29, 2021): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/jhs.v14i3.2186.

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Background: The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in pregnancy were increase in developing countries. The existence of infection interferes with the absorption of nutrients due to accumulation of inflammatory cells in the placenta can cause the infant born with low birth weight. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of HIV infections in pregnancy and low birth weight infant. Methods: This research used an observational analytic design with a retrospective approach. The samples were positive and negative HIV mother with their infants that hospitalized at dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, from August 2014 - July 2017. The data were analysed by Fisher's Exact. Results: This study was found 52 positive HIV mother with their infants and 52 negative HIV mother with their infants. Nine from 52 infants (17.3%) who born from positive HIV mother were low birth weight. Only 3 from 52 infants (5.8%) who born from negative HIV mother were low birth weight. Data analysis using Fisher’s Exact was obtained p value = 0.06. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation of HIV infections in pregnancy and low birth weight infant.

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Wise, Paul H., Lewis R. First, George A. Lamb, Milton Kotelchuck, D. W. Chen, Andrea Ewing, Heather Hersee, and Jeffrey Rideout. "Infant Mortality Increase Despite High Access to Tertiary Care: An Evolving Relationship Among Infant Mortality, Health Care, and Socioeconomic Change." Pediatrics 81, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.81.4.542.

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In this study, the determinants of an apparent increase in the infant mortality rate of an urban population with high access to tertiary neonatal care are reviewed. For a 4-year period (1980 to 1983), all infant deaths (n = 422) of the 32,329 births to residents of the City of Boston were analyzed through linked vital statistics data and a review of medical records. A significant increase in the infant mortality rate occurred in 1982 due to increases in three components of the infant mortality rate: the birth rate of very low birth weight infants (<1,500 g), the neonatal mortality rate of normal birth weight infants (≥2,500 g), and the mortality rate of infants dying during the postneonatal period (28 to 365 days). These increases were associated with inadequate levels of prenatal care. Although transient, the impact of the observed alterations in these infant mortality rate components was enhanced by a more long-standing phenomenon: the stabilization of mortality rates for low birth weight infants. This stabilization allowed the increases in other component rates to be expressed more fully than in previous years. In this report a mechanism is shown whereby fully regionalized neonatal care ultimately may confer to the infant mortality rate a heightened sensitivity to socioeconomic conditions and levels of adequate prenatal care.

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Devi, Desriati, Yeni Rustina, and Defi Efendi. "The Effectiveness of Auditory Stimuli from Murottal Quran to Improve Comfort and Weight in Low Birth Weight Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial." Jurnal Ners 14, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v13i2.14823.

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Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants who have been hospitalized are exposed to various conditions that provoke discomfort, which could trigger a stress response and growth disorders. This study aimed to identify the effects of auditory stimuli from Murottal Quran when it comes to the comfort and weight of LBW infants.Methods: This study used a clinical randomized controlled trial design involving 52 low birth weight infants. The infants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=26) or the control (n=26). The intervention of Murottal Quran was given using a speaker 4 times a day for 20 minutes every 3 hours. This intervention was conducted for three days.Results: The results of this study show that there is a significant difference in the comfort of low birth weight infants after Murottal Qur’an on the first, second, and third days between the intervention and control groups (p=0.014; <0.001; <0.001). There was no significant difference in the weight between the intervention and control groups in the first, second, and third days (p=0.481; 0.481; 0.464).Conclusion: The auditory stimuli of Murottal Quran can help to improve the comfort level of low birth weight infants during hospitalization. It can therefore be used as a supportive therapy to facilitate low birth weight infant and premature infant development.

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Devi, Desriati, Yeni Rustina, and Defi Efendi. "The Effectiveness of Auditory Stimuli from Murottal Quran to Improve Comfort and Weight in Low Birth Weight Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial." Jurnal Ners 14, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i1.14823.

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Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants who have been hospitalized are exposed to various conditions that provoke discomfort, which could trigger a stress response and growth disorders. This study aimed to identify the effects of auditory stimuli from Murottal Quran when it comes to the comfort and weight of LBW infants.Methods: This study used a clinical randomized controlled trial design involving 52 low birth weight infants. The infants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=26) or the control (n=26). The intervention of Murottal Quran was given using a speaker 4 times a day for 20 minutes every 3 hours. This intervention was conducted for three days.Results: The results of this study show that there is a significant difference in the comfort of low birth weight infants after Murottal Qur’an on the first, second, and third days between the intervention and control groups (p=0.014; <0.001; <0.001). There was no significant difference in the weight between the intervention and control groups in the first, second, and third days (p=0.481; 0.481; 0.464).Conclusion: The auditory stimuli of Murottal Quran can help to improve the comfort level of low birth weight infants during hospitalization. It can therefore be used as a supportive therapy to facilitate low birth weight infant and premature infant development.

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Azhar, Bably Sabina, Md Monirujjaman, Kazi Saiful Islam, Sadia Afrin, and Md Sabir Hossain. "Sex, Conception Interval, Gestational Age, Apgar Score, and Anthropometric Surrogates in relation to Birth Weight of Bangladeshi Newborns: A Cross-Sectional Study." ISRN Public Health 2013 (May 8, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/405725.

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In developing countries, where about 75% of births occur at home or in the community, logistic problems prevent the weighing of every newborn child. Baby born with a weight less than 2,500 g is considered low birth weight, since below this value birth-specific infant mortality begins to rise rapidly. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of low birth weight is unacceptably high. Infant's sex differences, birth to conception interval, gestational age, and Apgar score are associated with infant birth weight. To screen low-birth-weight babies, simple anthropometric parameters can be used in rural areas where 80–90% of deliveries take place. A sample of 343 newborn singletons, 186 male and 157 female babies, were studied in Southwest region of Bangladesh to examine the birth weight status of newborns and to identify the relationship between birth weight and other anthropometric parameters of newborns. The mean birth weight was 2754.81±465.57 g, and 28.6% were low-birth-weight (<2,500 g) babies. All key anthropometric parameters of the newborns significantly correlated with infant birth weight (P=0.05). Mid upper arm circumference and chest circumference were identified as the optimal surrogate indicators of LBW babies. In the community where weighing of newborns is difficult, these measurements can be used to identify the LBW babies.

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Morgan, Jane B., Peter Williams, Keith D. Foote, and Lynne D. Marriott. "Do mothers understand healthy eating principles for low-birth-weight infants?" Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 6 (September 2006): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005890.

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AbstractObjectivesTo describe feeding patterns and mothers' perceptions of desirable feeding practices in low-birth-weight (LBW) infants after hospital discharge in England and to test for the association of inappropriate practices/perceptions with identifiable demographics.DesignPostal questionnaires from 198 mothers of LBW infants in London, Liverpool and Winchester were analysed regarding infant demographics, mothers' demographics, infant milks used, solid feeding practices and mothers' perceptions of infant feeding practices.ResultsAt birth, the median weight, independent of gestational age, was 1.80 kg (range 0.6–2.50 kg) and 37.1% of infants received breast milk exclusively; 83.7% were breast-fed at some stage, a practice favoured more by first-time mothers (90.2%) than multiparous mothers (73.4%) (P = 0.004) as well as by mothers of higher social groups (P> = 0.019). The median age of solid food introduction was 17 postnatal weeks (range 8–36 weeks); the timing correlated strongly with infant birth weight (P < 0.001). A high-fibre diet and a low-fat diet were incorrectly considered important for their infants by 67.1% and 51.6% of mothers, respectively. Regarding a high-fibre diet as important was associated with being a multiparous mother (P = 0.006), while regarding a low-fat diet as important was associated with low social group (P = 0.018). A quarter of mothers did not consider 'plenty of calories' to be important for their infants, reflecting similar attitudes in 1990 for mothers of term infants; this incorrect attitude exhibited an association with being a first-time mother (P = 0.047).ConclusionsInfant feeding practices were very variable, showing poor concordance with national and international recommendations for term infants. In selecting foods for their infants, many mothers appeared to be applying principles more appropriate to planning a healthy diet for adults. There is an urgent need to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines for feeding LBW infants after hospital discharge, with special attention given to multiparous mothers as well as mothers from lower social groups.

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Baley, Jill E., Robert M. Kliegman, Bernard Boxerbaum, and Avroy A. Fanaroft. "Fungal Colonization in the Very Low Birth Weight Infant." Pediatrics 78, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.2.225.

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In the neonate, fungal infections result in significant morbidity and mortality. For very low birth weight (<1,500 g) infants, we prospectively determined the fungal colonization rate to be 26.7%. In one third of infants with fungal colonies, mucocutaneous candidiasis developed, and in 7.7%, systemic disease developed. Two thirds of the infants had colonies in the first week of life. This colonization was probably acquired during labor and delivery, because those infants who had colonization were more often delivered vaginally than by cesarian section. Early colonization, commonly from the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract, featured Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Late colonization, occurring after 2 weeks of life (15.0% of patients), was more likely to be cutaneous and was associated with either Candida parapsilosis or such poor growth that the organism could not be identifled. Infants with colonization only rarely had budding yeasts (6.1%), whereas more than half of the infants with either a urinalysis showing budding yeasts or a urine culture growing fungi had invasive disease. Fungal contamination was not found on either thoracotomy tubes or catheter tips. In the low birth weight infant, fungal colonization represents a significant risk factor for cutaneous or systemic candidiasis in these infants.

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Gaiva, Maria Aparecida Munhoz, Elizabeth Fujimori, and Ana Paula Sayuri Sato. "Neonatal mortality in infants with low birth weigh." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, no. 5 (October 2014): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-6234201400005000002.

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Objective To evaluate the factors associated with neonatal mortality in infant born with low birth weight. Method Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from 771 live births with low birth weight (<2500 g) in the city of Cuiabá, MT, in 2010, of whom 54 died in the neonatal period. We obtained data from the Information System on Live Births and Mortality, by integrated linkage. Results In multiple logistic regression, neonatal mortality was associated with: number of prenatal visits less than 7 (OR=3.80;CI:1,66-8,70); gestational age less than 37 weeks (OR=4.77;CI:1.48-15.38), Apgar score less than 7 at the 1st minute (OR=4.25;CI:1.84-9.81) and the 5th minute (OR=5.72,CI:2.24-14.60) and presence of congenital anomaly (OR=14.39;IC:2.72-76.09). Conclusion Neonatal mortality in infants with low birth weight is associated with avoidable factors through adequate attention to prenatal care, childbirth and infants.

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Cardoso, Regina Coeli Azeredo, Patrícia Viana Guimarães Flores, Cláudia Lima Vieira, Kátia Vergetti Bloch, Rejane Sobrino Pinheiro, Sandra Costa Fonseca, and Claudia Medina Coeli. "Infant mortality in a very low birth weight cohort from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-38292013000300005.

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OBJECTIVES: to evaluate infant mortality in very low birth weight newborns from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2002-2006). METHODS: a retrospective cohort study was performed using the probabilistic linkage method to identify infant mortality. Mortality proportions were calculated according to birth weight intervals and period of death. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall cumulative survival probability. The association between maternal schooling and survival of very low birth weight infants was evaluated by means of Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for: prenatal care, birth weight, and gestational age. RESULTS: the study included 782 very low birth weight newborns. Of these, (28.6%) died before one year of age. Neonatal mortality was 19.5%, and earlyneonatal mortality was 14.9%. Mortality was highest in the lowest weight group (71.6%). Newborns whose mothers had less than four years of schooling had 2.5 times higher risk of death than those whose mothers had eight years of schooling or more, even after adjusting for intermediate factors. CONCLUSIONS: the results showed higher mortality among very low birth weight infants. Low schooling was an independent predictor of infant death in this low-income population sample.

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Rees, Jane M., Sally A. Lederman, and John L. Kiely. "Birth Weight Associated With Lowest Neonatal Mortality: Infants of Adolescent and Adult Mothers." Pediatrics 98, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.6.1161.

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Objective. We tested the hypothesis that survival is highest for infants born in the same weight range whether mothers are adolescent or adult, comparing the weights at which infants of these mothers achieve lowest neonatal mortality. Methods. The relationship between birth weight and neonatal mortality was studied in births to 16.4 million women using the National Center for Health Statistics 1983-1987 national linked birth/infant death data sets. Neonatal mortality rates were calculated for 500 g birth weight categories. Births for maternal ages ≤15 years, 16 years, and 17 to 18 years were compared with births to adults 19 to 34 years of age, whites and blacks considered separately. The birth weight categories associated with minimum neonatal mortality and the weight range corresponding with greatest survival were determined for each age and racial group. Results. Minimum neonatal mortality rates occurred at the same birth weights (3500 to 4499 g white and 3000 to 3999 g black) whether mothers of the infants were adolescents or adults. The most favorable range of birth weight, in which survival was greatest, commenced at 3000 g for all mothers, terminating at 3999 g for most black adolescents and black adults, 4499 g for most white adolescents, and 4999 g for white adults. Of infants born to mothers ≤16 years old, 33% were lighter and 1.5% were heavier than the favorable birth weight range. Conclusion. The birth weight categories with minimum neonatal mortality and the birth weight range in which neonatal survival was greatest were comparable for infants of adolescents and adults. Lower birth weights, occurring more frequently in births to teenage mothers, were associated with higher neonatal mortality. Assisting adolescent mothers to bear infants with birth weights in the range corresponding with low neonatal mortality is an appropriate goal of clinical management.

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Bernbaum, Judy C., Susan Friedman, Marsha Hoffman Williamson, JoAnn D'Agostino, and Anne Farran. "Preterm Infant Care After Hospital Discharge." Pediatrics In Review 10, no. 7 (January 1, 1989): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.10.7.195.

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The survival of low birth weight infants has been markedly altered by the improvements in neonatal care. Despite these advances, little progress has been made in reducing the incidence of prematurity and low birth weight. Recently available statistics from 1983 indicate that, of all live births, 9.2% were premature (<37 weeks' gestation) and 1.8% were very premature (<32 weeks's gestation). Approximately 6% of infants are born weighing <2,500 g and 1.1% are very low birth weight (<1500 g). Approximately 3.6% of babies born in the United States are both premature and of low birth weight, and 0.8% are VLBW and very premature. Despite these relatively small numbers, this population comprises a disproportionately high percentage of children with medical, neurologic, and developmental problems. It is clear that, as more infants with low birth weights enter the pediatric population, pediatricians must become more expert in managing the medical conditions of these infants, recognizing early signs of neurologic disorders and monitoring their developmental progress. Routine physical examinations are usually not sufficient for such children. More time is generally needed to assess them and to discuss them with their parents than the typical well child. Physicians can play a major role in the identification of problems early in their evolution.

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Machado, Carla Jorge, and Kenneth Hill. "Determinants of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in the City of São Paulo." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 6, no. 4 (December 2003): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x2003000400009.

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INTRODUCTION: Child Mortality (mortality of children less than five years) has declined considerably in the developing world in the 1990s, but the Infant Mortality has declined less. Therefore, to further reduce child mortality it is important to understand the determinants of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We probabilistically matched 209628 live births and 3842 infant death records from the City of São Paulo, birth cohort of 1998. Data came from SINASC and SIM. We then used logistic regression to analyze the following risk factors of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality: birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, delivery mode, plurality, sex, maternal education, maternal age, number of prior losses, prenatal care, race, parity and community development. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Infants of older mothers were less likely to die in the neonatal period; infants of adolescent mothers were more likely to die in both periods. Parities four or higher increased the likelihood of post-neonatal death. Cesarean delivery was not found to be associated with infant mortality. Low number of prenatal care visits, low birth weight, preterm birth and low Apgar scores were associated with neonatal death; Low number of prenatal care visits, low birth weight, and low Apgar scores were associated with post-neonatal death. Finally, having a mother live in a highest developed community decreased the likelihood of infant death, suggesting that unmeasured factors are behind such association.

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Mazzucco, Walter, Elisa Tavormina, Maurizio Macaluso, Claudia Marotta, Rosanna Cusimano, Davide Alba, Claudio Costantino, et al. "Do emissions from landfill fires affect pregnancy outcomes? A retrospective study after arson at a solid waste facility in Sicily." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027912.

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ObjectivesIn response to public health concern about effects of arson at solid waste management plants in July 2012, we analysed vital statistics data to evaluate any potential effect on pregnancies at different gestational ages of pollutants emitted from the landfill on fire.SettingA community living near the largest landfill plant in Sicily.ParticipantsThe study group comprised 551 births, live births and stillbirths from pregnancies of mothers residing in the extra-urban exposed area, conceived during a 40 week period during which the highest fire’s peak might have influenced pregnancy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBirth outcomes (gestational age <37 and <32 weeks, low birth weight, very low birth weight and small for gestational age) in the study group were compared with the ones of a reference group of women residing in areas of Sicily with similarly low population density and industrial development.ResultsAmong singleton live births we observed a three-fold increase in risk of very preterm birth between the extra-urban area and the remaining low inhabitants density and unindustrialised areas for births whose pregnancies were in the third trimester (OR adjusted for maternal age and infant gender=3.41; 95% CI 1.04 to 11.16). There was an excess of very low birth weight singleton infants in the study group as compared with the reference group, which was limited to births to mothers exposed during periconception period (OR adjusted for maternal age and infant gender=4.64; 95% CI 1.04 to 20.6) and first trimester (OR adjusted for maternal age and infant gender=3.66; 95% CI 1.11 to 12.1). The association estimates were imprecise due to the small number of outcomes recorded.ConclusionsThe study documented an excess of very preterm and very low birth weight among infants born to mothers exposed to the landfill fire emissions during conception or early pregnancy.

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Romero, R., and R. E. Kleinman. "Feeding the Very Low-Birth-Weight Infant." Pediatrics in Review 14, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14-4-123.

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YOSHIDA, Hiroko, Khoshi NORIKOSHI, Takashi KITAHARA, and Khoichiro YOSHIHARA. "Development of Low Birth Weight Chimpanzee Infant." Primate Research 9, no. 1 (1993): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2354/psj.9.19.

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Schenk, Laura K. "Mothering an Extremely Low Birth-Weight Infant." Advances in Neonatal Care 7, no. 1 (February 2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00149525-200702000-00013.

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Steichen, Jean J., Susan K. Krug-Wispé, and Reginald C. Tsang. "Breastfeeding the Low Birth Weight Preterm Infant." Clinics in Perinatology 14, no. 1 (March 1987): 131–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30785-1.

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Schenk, Laura K., and Jane H. Kelley. "Mothering an Extremely Low Birth-Weight Infant." Advances in Neonatal Care 10, no. 2 (April 2010): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/anc.0b013e3181d28330.

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Blaga, Ligia, Gabriela Zaharie, Dan Mihu, and Razvan Ciortea. "Mineral disturbance in low birth weight infant." Early Human Development 84 (November 2008): S126—S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.09.328.

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Putra, Putu Junara. "Characteristics and outcomes of low birth weight infants in Bali." Paediatrica Indonesiana 52, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi52.5.2012.300-3.

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Background The prevalence and the mortality of low birthweight infants are still high. Low birth weight (LBW) births areresponsible for newborn death. LBW infants are easier to sufferserious health problems and death. Lower infant body weightand younger gestational age are determinants of greater risk ofmortality.Objective To determine the characteristics of LBW infants andtheir outcomes in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.Methods This prospective study was conducted on all LBWinfants in the nursery from their time of admission until dischargefor the year of 20 11..Results There were 120 LBW infants admitted to SanglahHospital fromJanuary 2011 to December 2011. The prevalenceofLBW was 8.9%. The birth weight group of 1500􀁰2499 gramshad the highest number of infants (79.2%). The gestational agegroup of 33􀁰36 weeks had 53.3% of the infants, while 68.3% ofthe LBW infants were of the appropriate gestational age. Themost common method of delivery was normal spontaneousdelivery (70%). Moderate asphyxia was observed in 25% of thesubjects, while severe asphyxia was observed in 22.5% of subjects.The mortality rate was 24.2%.Conclusions The prevalence of LBW of all newborns in ourhospital was 8.9%. Severe asphyxia was observed in 22.5% ofsubjects. The mortality rate of the LBW infants was 24.2%. OurLBW infants were most cormnonly in the categories of birth weightof 1500􀁰2499 grams, gestational age was between 33􀁰36 weeks,appropriate for gestational age, as well as delivered spontaneously.[Paediatr lndanes. 2012,52:30003].

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Provera, Alessandra, Erica Neri, and Francesca Agostini. "Infant-Directed Speech to Preterm Infants during the First Year Postpartum: The Influence of Preterm Birth Weight and Maternal Parenting Stress." Healthcare 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2024): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12030401.

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Premature birth can increase the level of parenting stress (PS), especially in the case of parents of high-risk infants (extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW)). Though published research has explored how maternal PS influences early dyadic interactions, limited research has focused on infant-directed speech (IDS), and no studies have investigated the link between prematurity severity based on birth weight and maternal IDS. This study, involving 100 mother–infant dyads, categorized into 30 ELBW premature infants, 30 VLBW premature infants, and 40 full-term (FT) ones, examined the impact of preterm birth weight and maternal parenting stress on IDS features during early interactions at 3 and 9 months postpartum. Maternal input was assessed using the CHILDES system, while parenting stress was evaluated using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. The results revealed that high-risk conditions (ELBW preterm birth and high parenting stress) at 3 months were associated with reduced affect-salient speech and increased questioning. IDS functional patterns, specifically the proportion of affect-salient speech and questions, were influenced by both birth weight groups and parenting stress levels at 3 months but not at 9 months. These findings highlight the need to assess, within the context of prematurity, both birth weight and parenting stress in clinical practice, offering insights for developing interventions supporting positive parent–infant interactions and facilitating infant development.

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Khan, Wasif, Nazar Zaki, Amir Ahmad, Jiang Bian, Luqman Ali, Mohammad Mehedy Masud, Nadirah Ghenimi, and Luai A. Ahmed. "Infant Low Birth Weight Prediction Using Graph Embedding Features." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021317.

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Low Birth weight (LBW) infants pose a serious public health concern worldwide in both the short and long term for infants and their mothers. Infant weight prediction prior to birth can help to identify risk factors and reduce the risk of infant morbidity and mortality. Although many Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed for LBW prediction using maternal features and produced considerable model performance, their performance needs to be improved so that they can be adapted in real-world clinical settings. Existing algorithms used for LBW classification often fail to capture structural information from the tabular dataset of patients with different complications. Therefore, to improve the LBW classification performance, we propose a solution by transforming the tabular data into a knowledge graph with the aim that patients from the same class (normal or LBW) exhibit similar patterns in the graphs. To achieve this, several features related to each node are extracted such as node embedding using node2vec algorithm, node degree, node similarity, nearest neighbors, etc. Our method is evaluated on a real-life dataset obtained from a large cohort study in the United Arab Emirates which contains data from 3453 patients. Multiple experiments were performed using the seven most commonly used ML models on the original dataset, graph features, and a combination of features, respectively. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieved the best performance with an area under the curve of 0.834 which is over 6% improvement compared to using the original risk factors without transforming them into knowledge graphs. Furthermore, we provide the clinical relevance of the proposed model that are important for the model to be adapted in clinical settings.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low birth weight infant'

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