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Journal articles on the topic 'Low blade temperatures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Cheng, Wenjie, Boqin Gu, and Chunlei Shao. "A numerical study on the steady flow in molten salt pump under various conditions for improved hydraulic performance." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 27, no. 8 (2017): 1870–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-06-2016-0238.

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Purpose This paper aims to figure out the steady flow status in the molten salt pump under various temperatures and blade number conditions, and give good insight on the structure and temperature-dependent efficiencies of all pump cases. Finally, the main objective of present work is to get best working condition and blade numbers for optimized hydraulic performance. Design/methodology/approach The steady flow in the molten salt pump was studied numerically based on the three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the standard k-ε turbulence model. Under different temperatur

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2

Bachelez, Andreas, and Steven A. Martinez. "Heat Generation by Two Different Saw Blades Used for Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomies." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 48, no. 2 (2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5698.

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During tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) the saw blade produces frictional heat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare heat generated by two TPLO blade designs (Slocum Enterprises [SE] and New Generation Devices [NDG]), with or without irrigation, on cadaveric canine tibias. Thirty-six paired tibias were used to continuously measure bone temperatures during osteotomy through both cortices (i.e., the cis and trans cortices). Each pair was assigned to either an irrigation or nonirrigation group during osteotomy, and each tibia within a pair was osteotomized using a differe

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3

Arakere, N. K. "High-Temperature Fatigue Properties of Single Crystal Superalloys in Air and Hydrogen." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 3 (2004): 590–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1501075.

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Hot section components in high-performance aircraft and rocket engines are increasingly being made of single crystal nickel superalloys such as PWA1480, PWA1484, CMSX-4, and Rene N-4 as these materials provide superior creep, stress rupture, melt resistance, and thermomechanical fatigue capabilities over their polycrystalline counterparts. Fatigue failures in PWA1480 single crystal nickel-base superalloy turbine blades used in the space shuttle main engine fuel turbopump are discussed. During testing many turbine blades experienced stage II noncrystallographic fatigue cracks with multiple orig

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Guijarro, Rubén, Alberto Tapetado, David Sánchez Montero, and Carmen Vázquez. "Cleaving of PMMA Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibers with 3- and 4-Ring Hexagonal Cladding Structures." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091366.

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The cleaving of a novel microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) to obtain an acceptable connectorized fiber end-face is studied. The effect of the blade temperature and the speed of the cutting blade on the end-face is qualitatively assessed. Recently manufactured mPOFs with air-structured 3- and 4-ring hexagonal-like hole cladding structures with outer fiber diameters of around 250 μm are employed. Good quality end-faces can be obtained by cleaving mPOF fibers at room temperature for blade temperatures within the range 60–80 °C and at a low blade speed at 0.5 mm/s. The importance of the

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5

Wang, Xiaopeng, Wenchen Xu, Peng Xu, Haitao Zhou, Fantao Kong, and Yuyong Chen. "High Nb–TiAl Intermetallic Blades Fabricated by Isothermal Die Forging Process at Low Temperature." Metals 10, no. 6 (2020): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060757.

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In this study, the isothermal die forging process of high Nb–TiAl (Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-Y, at.%) alloy blades was simulated using the ABAQUS V6.11 software and the blades were fabricated successfully. The influence of a low forging temperature (lower than 1000 °C) and strain rate on the distributions of effective strain and stress were analyzed. The results indicate that the effective strain exhibits negative temperature sensitivity and positive strain rate sensitivity. The stress exponent (n = 3.02) and the apparent activation energy (Q = 293.381 kJ/mol) of the present alloy suggests that th

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6

Cosack, T., L. Pawlowski, S. Schneiderbanger, and S. Sturlese. "Thermal Barrier Coatings on Turbine Blades by Plasma Spraying With Improved Cooling." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, no. 1 (1994): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906805.

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Turbine blades were coated with a thermal barrier coating system consisting of an MCrAlY bond coat about 100 μm thick deposited by Low-Pressure Plasma Spraying (LPPS) and a 300 μm thick ZrO2-7 wt. % Y2O3 top coat. The latter was manufactured by both Atmosphere and Temperature Controlled Spraying (ATCS) and Air Plasma Spraying (APS) using internal air cooling through the cooling holes of the turbine blades. Coated blades were submitted to thermal cycling tests in a burner rig with hot gas temperature of 1485°C. In the case of ATCS coated blades the number of cycles until the first spallation at

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7

Weber, H. E. "Wave Engine Aerothermodynamic Design." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 4 (1992): 790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906658.

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A method for aerothermodynamic preliminary design of a wave engine is presented. The engine has a centrifugal precompressor for the wave rotor, which feeds high and low-pressure turbines. Three specific wave engine designs are presented. Wave rotor blades are naturally cooled by the ingested air; thus combustion temperatures can be as high as 1900 K. Engine pressure ratios of over 25 are obtained in compact designs. It is shown that placing no nozzles at the end of the rotor blade passages yields the highest cycle efficiencies, which can be over 50 percent. Rotor blades are straight and easily

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Wilson, M., R. Pilbrow, and J. M. Owen. "Flow and Heat Transfer in a Preswirl Rotor–Stator System." Journal of Turbomachinery 119, no. 2 (1997): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841120.

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Conditions in the internal-air system of a high-pressure turbine stage are modeled using a rig comprising an outer preswirl chamber separated by a seal from an inner rotor-stator system. Preswirl nozzles in the stator supply the “blade-cooling” air, which leaves the system via holes in the rotor, and disk-cooling air enters at the center of the system and leaves through clearances in the peripheral seals. The experimental rig is instrumented with thermocouples, fluxmeters, pitot tubes, and pressure taps, enabling temperatures, heat fluxes, velocities, and pressures to be measured at a number o

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9

Ion, Ion, Anibal Portinha, Jorge Martins, Vasco Teixeira, and Joaquim Carneiro. "Analysis of the energetic/environmental performances of gas turbine plant: Effect of thermal barrier coatings and mass of cooling air." Thermal Science 13, no. 1 (2009): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0901147i.

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Zirconia stabilized with 8 wt.% Y2O3 is the most common material to be applied in thermal barrier coatings owing to its excellent properties: low thermal conductivity, high toughness and thermal expansion coefficient as ceramic material. Calculation has been made to evaluate the gains of thermal barrier coatings applied on gas turbine blades. The study considers a top ceramic coating Zirconia stabilized with 8 wt.% Y2O3 on a NiCoCrAlY bond coat and Inconel 738LC as substrate. For different thickness and different cooling air flow rates, a thermodynamic analysis has been performed and pollutant

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10

Ford, D. A., K. P. L. Fullagar, H. K. Bhangu, et al. "Improved Performance Rhenium Containing Single Crystal Alloy Turbine Blades Utilizing PPM Levels of the Highly Reactive Elements Lanthanum and Yttrium." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 1 (1999): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816301.

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Turbine inlet temperatures have now approached 1650°C (3000°F) at maximum power for the latest large commercial turbofan engines, resulting in high fuel efficiency and thrust levels approaching or exceeding 445 kN (100,000 lbs.). High reliability and durability must be intrinsically designed into these turbine engines to meet operating economic targets and ETOPS certification requirements. This level of performance has been brought about by a combination of advances in air cooling for turbine blades and vanes, computerized design technology for stresses and airflow, and the development and app

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11

Masci and Sciubba. "A Gas Turbine Cooled-Stage Expansion Model for the Simulation of Blade Cooling Effects on Cycle Performance." International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power 4, no. 4 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp4040036.

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Modern gas turbine firing temperatures (1500–2000 K) are well beyond the maximum allowable blade material temperatures. Continuous safe operation is made possible by cooling the HP turbine first stages, nozzle vanes and rotor blades, with a portion of the compressor discharge air, a practice that induces a penalty on the thermal efficiency cycle. Therefore, a current issue is to investigate the real advantage, technical and economical, of raising maximum temperatures much further beyond current values. In this paper, process simulations of a gas turbine are performed to assess HP turbine first

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12

Nikparto, Ali, and Meinhard T. Schobeiri. "Combined numerical and experimental investigations of heat transfer of a highly loaded low-pressure turbine blade under periodic inlet flow condition." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 7 (2018): 769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918758158.

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This paper experimentally and numerically investigates heat transfer characteristics of a low-pressure turbine blade under steady/unsteady flow conditions. Generally, the low-pressure turbine blades are not exposed to excessive temperatures that require detailed heat transfer predictions. In aircraft engines, they operate at low Re-numbers causing the inception of large separation bubbles on their suction surface. As documented in previous papers, the results of detailed aerodynamic simulations have shown significant discrepancies with experiments. It was the objective of the current investiga

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13

Cueto-Rodriguez, Maria M., Erika O. Avila-Davila, Victor M. Lopez-Hirata, et al. "Numerical and Experimental Analyses of the Effect of Heat Treatments on the Phase Stability of Inconel 792." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (December 9, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4535732.

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A study about the precipitation and phase stability was carried out in an IN-792 superalloy used as a blade in a gas turbine. Microstructure analysis was conducted experimentally on three different cross sections of the blade designated as high temperature (HT), medium temperature (MT), and low temperature (LT). To identify the HT, MT, and LT sections, a numerical thermal analysis was performed using ANSYS software. To obtain the distribution gradient of temperature in the blade, the real conditions of operation in steady state of the gas turbine were considered. A numerical study about the oc

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14

Nyaupane, Parashu R., Yasnahir Perez-Delgado, David Camejo, Lesley M. Wright, and Carlos E. Manzanares. "Cavity Ring-Down Absorption of O2 in Air as a Temperature Sensor for an Open and a Cryogenic Optical Cavity." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 5 (2016): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816657567.

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The A-band of oxygen has been measured at low resolution at temperatures between 90 K and 373 K using the phase shift cavity ring down (PS-CRD) technique. For temperatures between 90 K and 295 K, the PS-CRD technique presented here involves an optical cavity attached to a cryostat. The static cell and mirrors of the optical cavity are all inside a vacuum chamber at the same temperature of the cryostat. The temperature of the cell can be changed between 77 K and 295 K. For temperatures above 295 K, a hollow glass cylindrical tube without windows has been inserted inside an optical cavity to mea

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15

Gent, A. N., S.-M. Lai, C. Nah, and Chi Wang. "Viscoelastic Effects in Cutting and Tearing Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 67, no. 4 (1994): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538696.

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Abstract Measurements of cutting resistance have been made for a crosslinked styrene—butadiene copolymer over a wide range of cutting speeds and temperatures. A characteristic fracture energy was determined using the procedure of Lake and Yeoh. A lower limit, about 150 J/m2, was obtained at low cutting speeds. This value is significantly higher than the threshold tear strength, about 30 J/m2, due to roughness of the blade tip. The tear resistance increased dramatically as the test temperature was lowered, by a factor of over 1000X, whereas the cutting resistance remained largely unchanged over

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16

Lu, Jing, Yan Hui Wang, Jian Bing Zang, and Shu Xian Shan. "Effect of Si and Ti Coating on Interface Bonding between Diamond and Fe-Based Metal Bond." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.15.

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Fe-based metal bond has been widely used in fabricating diamond tools recently since the production cost could be greatly reduced for the low price of iron. However, graphitizing elements such as Fe, Co and Ni in the matrix catalyze the transformation of diamond to graphite during high temperature sintering process, which significantly decreases the tool’s efficiency and lifetime. In this paper, Si and Ti coating were coated on diamond grits by quasi atomic layer deposition (QALD) and vacuum slow vapor deposition (VSVD) separately not only to protect diamond from erosion but also to promote th

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17

Chang, Sung, and Ki-Yong Oh. "Contribution of High Mechanical Fatigue to Gas Turbine Blade Lifetime during Steady-State Operation." Coatings 9, no. 4 (2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040229.

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In this study, the contribution of high thermomechanical fatigue to the gas turbine lifetime during a steady-state operation is evaluated for the first time. An evolution of the roughness on the surface between the thermal barrier coating and bond coating is addressed to elucidate the correlation between operating conditions and the degradation of a gas turbine. Specifically, three factors affecting coating failure are characterized, namely isothermal operation, low-cycle fatigue, and high thermomechanical fatigue, using laboratory experiments and actual service-exposed blades in a power plant

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18

Gascó, Antonio, Andrea Nardini, and Sebastiano Salleo. "Resistance to water flow through leaves of Coffea arabica is dominated by extra-vascular tissues." Functional Plant Biology 31, no. 12 (2004): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp04032.

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The leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) of Coffea arabica L. was measured for shoots exposed to non-lethal temperature stress or to a freeze–thaw cycle, and compared with Kleaf of non-stressed samples (controls). Exposure to temperatures below 6°C for 1 h caused measurable damage to the functional integrity of cell membranes as shown by increased membrane leakiness to electrolytes. A 1 : 1 relationship was found to exist between relative electrolyte leakage and relative Kleaf suggesting that membrane damage caused Kleaf to increase. Low temperatures did not cause membrane disruption as shown by

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19

Krishnamoorthy, V., B. R. Pai, and S. P. Sukhatme. "Influence of Upstream Flow Conditions on the Heat Transfer to Nozzle Guide Vanes." Journal of Turbomachinery 110, no. 3 (1988): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262212.

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The influence of a combustor located just upstream of a nozzle guide vane cascade on the heat flux distribution to the nozzle guide vane was experimentally investigated. The surface temperature distribution around the convectively cooled vane of the cascade was obtained by locating the cascade, firstly in a low-turbulence uniform hot gas stream, secondly in a high-turbulence, uniform hot gas stream, and thirdly in a high-turbulence, nonuniform hot gas stream present just downstream of the combustor exit. The results indicate that the increased blade surface temperatures observed for the cascad

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20

FANG, Y. W., L. W. YANG, S. H. ZHAO, Y. WANG, and X. S. GAN. "RESEARCH ON DYNAMIC RESPONSES AND RESIDUAL STRESSES FIELDS INDUCED BY LSP IN DD6 ALLOY BLADE." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 45, no. 4 (2015): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2015.411.

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The aim of this article was to address the dynamic responses properties and the residual stresses fields induced by laser shock processing (LSP) in a DD6 alloy blade. The dynamic characteristics with [001] and [111] orientations were investigated under different rotor speeds and temperatures by finite element method (FEM) simulation and vibration experiment. As a result, the corresponding static frequencies were analyzed for different temperature, rotor speed and orientation. The residual stresses fields induced by LSP were addressed for [001] orientation at 9800C based on simulation and LSP e

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21

Chang, Kay W., Grace A. Carlson, and Huang Eric. "Evaluation of the PEAK PlasmaBlade for ENT Surgery." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (2008): P104—P105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.534.

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Problem Traditional electrosurgical instruments are known to have an associated zone of thermal injury to the residual tissue. The compromised tissue left behind in the body may compromise wound healing and also may cause post operative pain. The PEAK PlasmaBlade is a new tissue dissection tool that uses pulsed radiofrequency energy to generate a highly focused plasma field at the tip of the device. This creates an effective cutting edge with simultaneous hemostasis while the blade remains near body temperature. A comparative study of tissue cutting and hemostasis was conducted to evaluate the

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22

Ding, Xian Fei, Xue Da Chen, Qing Li, Cheng Bo Xiao, Wei Peng Ren, and Qiang Feng. "Effect of Salt-Deposit Hot Corrosion on Creep Rupture Behaviors of DZ466 Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.56.

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Since gas turbine blades in engines suffer centrifugal stress and gas corrosion during service, a good creep resistance in hot corrosion environment is one of the important considerations to evaluate service performance of the blade materials. In this work, the creep rupture behaviors of the directionally solidified superalloy DZ466 with and without salt deposition at 760°C/765MPa, 850°C/500MPa and 950°C/220MPa are preliminarily investigated based on the creep properties measurement and microstructure observations. The effects of hot corrosion on the creep properties and fracture mode are exam

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23

Wang, Rongqiao, and Jingxu Nie. "A New Experimental Method to Study Combined Fatigue of Actual Turbine Disk Mortise Teeth at Elevated Temperatures." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 4 (1997): 969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817084.

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This paper presents a new experimental system to study the L-HCCF of an actual turbine disk mortise teeth at elevated temperature, using an actual disk as experimental component. This system ingeniously achieves combined loading (simulating low cycle radial centrifugal force and high cycle crosswise vibration of blade), high-frequency induction local heating (550°C constant temperature), control of high cycle vibrating frequency and amplitude, and crack real-time detection. The experimental result is identical with the practical flight failure. This method can be easily popularized to study th

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Yaoita, Shinji, Takehiko Watanabe, and Tomohiro Sasaki. "Brazing of Cemented Carbides at Lower Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.865.

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Cemented carbides have been widely used for cutting tools because of their high hardness and abrasion resistance. Since the cemented carbides are so expensive, it is desirable to reuse a tool shank made of cemented carbides. For the reason, so far, a new blade of a tool has been brazed to used shanks. However, when cemented carbides are heated for brazing, heating inevitably causes the deterioration in the mechanical properties. This study was carried out to braze the cemented carbides at lower temperatures for reducing the deterioration of the shank. First of all, authors developed a new Ag-b

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25

Tran, Tu Anh, Varughese Mathew, Wen Shi Koh, K. Y. Yow, and Y. K. Au. "Dicing Development for low-k Copper Wafers using Nickel-Palladium-Gold Bond Pads for Automotive Application." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, no. 1 (2013): 000657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-wp24.

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New automotive requirements expect plastic packages to survive higher operating temperatures with extended thermal duration. Mission profiles for under-the-hood and transmission application historically specified minimal duration at maximum junction temperature, such as 50 total hours at 150C, while keeping most of the total operating duration at lower temperatures. Further module integration and more stringent environmental requirements push modules and thus plastic packages closer to the heat source. As such, new mission profiles include more than 3500 total hours at 150°C. To satisfy new au

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Karabay, Hasan, Robert Pilbrow, Michael Wilson, and J. Michael Owen. "Performance of Pre-Swirl Rotating-Disc Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 3 (2000): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1285838.

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This paper summarizes and extends recent theoretical, computational, and experimental research into the fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and heat transfer characteristics of the so-called cover-plate pre-swirl system. Experiments were carried out in a purpose-built rotating-disc rig, and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved using two-dimensional (axisymmetric) and three-dimensional computational codes, both of which incorporated low-Reynolds-number k-ε turbulence models. The free-vortex flow, which occurs inside the rotating cavity between the disc and cover-plate, is cont

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27

Dunn, M. G. "Heat-Flux Measurements for the Rotor of a Full-Stage Turbine: Part I—Time-Averaged Results." Journal of Turbomachinery 108, no. 1 (1986): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3262029.

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This paper describes time-averaged heat-flux distributions obtained for the blade of a Garrett TFE 731-2 hp full-stage rotating turbine. Blade measurements were obtained both with and without injection. The injected gas was supplied from a separate reservoir and was directed into the turbine gas path via nozzle guide vane (NGV) pressure surface slots located at approximately 63 percent of the wetted distance. Blade heat-flux measurements were performed for two different injection gas temperatures, Tc/T0 = 0.53 and Tc/T0 = 0.82. A shock tube is used as a short-duration source of heated air to w

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Bons, Jeffrey P., Rolf Sondergaard, and Richard B. Rivir. "The Fluid Dynamics of LPT Blade Separation Control Using Pulsed Jets." Journal of Turbomachinery 124, no. 1 (2001): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1425392.

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The effects of pulsed vortex generator jets on a naturally separating low-pressure turbine boundary layer have been investigated experimentally. Blade Reynolds numbers in the linear turbine cascade match those for high-altitude aircraft engines and industrial turbine engines with elevated turbine inlet temperatures. The vortex generator jets (30 deg pitch and 90 deg skew angle) are pulsed over a wide range of frequency at constant amplitude and selected duty cycles. The resulting wake loss coefficient versus pulsing frequency data add to previously presented work by the authors documenting the

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Heck, K. A., J. S. Smith, and R. Smith. "INCONEL® Alloy 783: An Oxidation-Resistant, Low Expansion Superalloy for Gas Turbine Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 2 (1998): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818131.

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INCONEL® alloy 783 is an oxidation-resistant low coefficient of thermal expansion (low CTE) superalloy developed for gas turbine applications. Turbine efficiency can be increased through the use of low-CTE shrouds and case components that maintain tight blade tip clearances at different turbine operating temperatures. To achieve low CTE, alloys based on Ni–Fe–Co compositions require Cr content be maintained at low levels. Added Cr lowers the Curie temperature and thereby increases thermal expansion rate over a wider temperature range. The necessary lack of Cr minimizes resistance to both gener

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Bons, Jeffrey P., Rolf Sondergaard, and Richard B. Rivir. "Turbine Separation Control Using Pulsed Vortex Generator Jets." Journal of Turbomachinery 123, no. 2 (2000): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1350410.

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The application of pulsed vortex generator jets to control separation on the suction surface of a low-pressure turbine blade is reported. Blade Reynolds numbers in the experimental, linear turbine cascade match those for high-altitude aircraft engines and aft stages of industrial turbine engines with elevated turbine inlet temperatures. The vortex generator jets have a 30 deg pitch and a 90 deg skew to the free-stream direction. Jet flow oscillations up to 100 Hz are produced using a high-frequency solenoid feed valve. Results are compared to steady blowing at jet blowing ratios less than 4 an

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Luu, Anh Tuan, Dat Vinh Vuong, and Anh Phan Nhat Nguyen. "SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES WITH VARIOUS SIZES TOWARDS IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF COPPER FILMS AT LOW SINTERING TEMPERATURE." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 57, no. 3A (2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/57/3a/14073.

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The use of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in conductive inks has attracted much attention to printed circuit board manufacturers due to its high electrical conductivity and low cost. The synthesis of CuNPs by surfactant-assisted chemical reduction method was studied aiming to identify the content of PVP-surfactant corresponding to the size of copper particles. The crystallite size and phase of CuNPs were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis while transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) were used to characterize the size of copper particles. The results showed that t

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CALLE, ALEXANDRA, ANNA C. S. PORTO-FETT, BRADLEY A. SHOYER, JOHN B. LUCHANSKY, and HARSHAVARDHAN THIPPAREDDI. "Microbiological Safety of Commercial Prime Rib Preparation Methods: Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella in Mechanically Tenderized Rib Eye†." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 12 (2015): 2126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-154.

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Boneless beef rib eye roasts were surface inoculated on the fat side with ca. 5.7 log CFU/g of a five-strain cocktail of Salmonella for subsequent searing, cooking, and warm holding using preparation methods practiced by restaurants surveyed in a medium-size Midwestern city. A portion of the inoculated roasts was then passed once through a mechanical blade tenderizer. For both intact and nonintact roasts, searing for 15 min at 260°C resulted in reductions in Salmonella populations of ca. 0.3 to 1.3 log CFU/g. For intact (nontenderized) rib eye roasts, cooking to internal temperatures of 37.8 o

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LUCHANSKY, JOHN B., ANNA C. S. PORTO-FETT, BRADLEY SHOYER, RANDALL K. PHEBUS, HARSHAVARDHAN THIPPAREDDI, and JEFFREY E. CALL. "Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Blade-Tenderized Beef Steaks Cooked on a Commercial Open-Flame Gas Grill†‡." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 7 (2009): 1404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.7.1404.

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Beef subprimals were inoculated on the lean side with ca. 4.0 log CFU/g of a cocktail of rifampin-resistant (Rifr) Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains and then passed once through a mechanical blade tenderizer with the lean side facing upward. Inoculated subprimals that were not tenderized served as controls. Two core samples were removed from each of three tenderized subprimals and cut into six consecutive segments starting from the inoculated side. A total of six cores were also obtained from control subprimals, but only segment 1 (topmost) was sampled. Levels of E. coli O157:H7 recovered from

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Giel, Paul W., Robert J. Boyle, and Ronald S. Bunker. "Measurements and Predictions of Heat Transfer on Rotor Blades in a Transonic Turbine Cascade." Journal of Turbomachinery 126, no. 1 (2004): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1643383.

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Detailed heat transfer measurements and predictions are given for a power generation turbine rotor with 127 deg of nominal turning and an axial chord of 130 mm. Data were obtained for a set of four exit Reynolds numbers comprised of the facility maximum point of 2.50×106, as well as conditions which represent 50%, 25%, and 15% of this maximum condition. Three ideal exit pressure ratios were examined including the design point of 1.443, as well as conditions which represent −25% and +20% of the design value. Three inlet flow angles were examined including the design point and ±5deg off-design a

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Xue, Y. P., Jia Rong Li, Jin Qian Zhao та J. C. Xiong. "The Precipitation Behavior of γ′ Phase in Single Crystal Ni-Based DD6 Superalloy for Turbine Blade". Materials Science Forum 898 (червень 2017): 534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.534.

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The precipitation behavior of γ′ precipitates in typical section dimensions of DD6 single crystal superalloy turbine blade was investigated experimentally during directional solidification process. The phase transformation temperatures in the single crystal Ni-based DD6 superalloy from DSC analysis and JmatPro simulation were basically in consistent with the isothermal solidification experiments. The solidification route of DD6 single crystal superalloy could be described as follows: L1 → γ + L2; L2 → (γ + γ′)eutectic + MC; γ → γ′/γ. With increasing continuous cooling rates, the primary γ′ pre

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Nguyen, HT, CP Joshi, N. Klueva, J. Weng, KL Hendershot, and A. Blum. "The Heat-Shock Response and Expression of Heat-Shock Proteins in Wheat Under Diurnal Heat Stress and Field Conditions." Functional Plant Biology 21, no. 6 (1994): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9940857.

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The occurrence of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in response to high temperature stress is a universal phenomenon in higher plants and has been well documented. However, in agriculturally important species, less is known about the expression of HSPs under natural environments. A review of the heat-shock response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is presented and recent results on the expression of wheat HSPs under diurnal stress and field conditions are reported. In the field experiment, flag leaf blade temperatures were obtained and leaf blades collected for northern blot analysis using HSP 16.9 cD

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Rentsch, Rüdiger, Olaf Grohmann, Alwin Schulz, and Volker Uhlenwinkel. "Application of a Composite Hot Shearing Tool Manufactured by Co-Spray Forming." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.771.

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In modern manufacture, like in automotive industry, high quality products and high output rates as well as low costs are achieved by highly efficient processes. Optimized tool design represents a key factor for such processes, leading to long tool life and hence to low tooling costs. Early in the industrial manufacturing chain of roller bearings for example, hot bars are sheared into billets, which are subsequently transported automatically to the first forming stage of a press. The shear blades should have a high wear resistance at high temperatures. In this study the first bi-metal composite

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Nickel, H., D. Clemens, W. J. Quadakkers, and L. Singheiser. "Development of NiCrAlY Alloys for Corrosion-Resistant Coatings and Thermal Barrier Coatings of Gas Turbine Components." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 4 (1999): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883719.

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The demand for improved efficiency and power output of energy conversion systems has lead to an increase of gas inlet temperatures in modern land-based gas turbines. The resulting increase of component surface temperature leads to an enhanced oxidation attack of the blade coating, which, in stationary gas turbines, is usually of the MCrAlY (with M = Co and/or Ni) type. Considerable efforts have been made in the improvement of the high temperature properties of MCrAlY coatings by additions of minor alloying elements. In the present paper, the effect of systematic composition variations, especia

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Eriksson, Robert, Johan Moverare, Zhe Chen, and Kjell Simonsson. "THE EFFECT OF NOTCHES ON THE FATIGUE LIFE OF A NICKEL-BASE GAS TURBINE DISK MATERIAL." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 20 (December 31, 2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2018.20.0034.

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Gas turbine disks carry significant load under high temperatures and may be subject to fatigue failure. Disks contain several notches in the form of the fir tree blade attachments. Low cycle fatigue tests were performed on blunt notch compact tension specimens made from alloy 718. The results indicated that notch support needed to be incorporated not to cause an overly conservative life prediction. The notch support diminished as the plastic strain range decreased, indicating that notch support is only present in the low cycle fatigue regime. A critical distance approach was applied to account

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Preve´y, Paul S., Ravi A. Ravindranath, Michael Shepard, and Timothy Gabb. "Case Studies of Fatigue Life Improvement Using Low Plasticity Burnishing in Gas Turbine Engine Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 4 (2006): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1807414.

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Surface enhancement technologies such as shot peening, laser shock peening, and low plasticity burnishing (LPB) can provide substantial fatigue life improvement. However, to be effective, the compressive residual stresses that increase fatigue strength must be retained in service. For successful integration into turbine design, the process must be affordable and compatible with the manufacturing environment. LPB provides thermally stable compression of comparable magnitude and even greater depth than other methods, and can be performed in conventional machine shop environments on CNC machine t

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Rosisca, Juliandra Rodrigues, Carolina Maria Gaspar de Oliveira, Altamara Viviane de Souza Sartori, Renata Stolf-Moreira, Marcelo Augusto de Aguiar e. Silva, and Heverly Morais. "Condutividade elétrica como indicador de danos por temperaturas baixas em folhas de feijão." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 3 (2019): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n3p1011.

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The electrical conductivity test indirectly evaluates cell membrane disorganization by quantifying the electrolytes released into the water after tissue imbibing. The objective of this work was to evaluate methodological variations in the electrical conductivity test, for it to serve as an indicator of low temperature-induced damages and estimate the cold tolerance of bean plants. Cultivar IPR Uirapuru plants were subjected to minimum temperatures of 4 °C, 2 °C, 0 °C, -1 °C, -2 °C, -3 °C, and -4 °C for 1 h in a growth chamber under controlled conditions. After the treatment period, the respons

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Zhang, Li Ping, Jing Xie, Tai Wang, and Qing Xiong. "Study of Physicochemical Properties of Chinese Small Cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.) Stored at Four Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1275.

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Chinese small cabbage (Brassica rapa L.Chinensis Group.), is one of Shanghai special vegetables, whose storage qualities were rarely studied by domestic researchers yet. Hence for, physical and chemical indexes of Chinese small cabbage ( harvested in Lingang new city, Shanghai) stored at temperature 2 °C, 6 °C, 10 °C, 15°Cwere determined in this study. It was shown that as temperature lower, the degradation rate of reduced ascorbic acid and chlorophyll were smaller, respiratory rate and weight loss rate rate were lower. Taking into account the quality of Chinese small cabbage in the whole expe

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Yan, Xiaojun, Xiaoyu Qin, and Dawei Huang. "High-Temperature Combined Fatigue Tests on Full-Scale Turbine Blades." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 10, no. 03 (2019): 1842003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973718420039.

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Compared with standard specimens, fatigue tests on full-scale turbine blades can take factors such as geometry and manufacturing process into consideration of life assessment. However, for combined fatigue tests of full-scale turbine blades, there exist two challenges. The first one is that it is difficult to apply combined loads of centrifugal force (low cycle fatigue, LCF) and vibration force (high cycle fatigue, HCF) properly because of the interaction between these loads. The second one is that it is hard to determine the range of HCF load/stress which the blade experiences at service cond

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Krishnaswamy, Karthik, and Srikanth Salyan. "Effect of Discrete Ribs on Heat Transfer and Friction Inside Narrow Rectangular Cross Section Cooling Passage of Gas Turbine Blade." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 6 (2021): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f3074.0810621.

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The performance of a gas turbine during the service life can be enhanced by cooling the turbine blades efficiently. The objective of this study is to achieve high thermohydraulic performance (THP) inside a cooling passage of a turbine blade having aspect ratio (AR) 1:5 by using discrete W and V-shaped ribs. Hydraulic diameter (Dh) of the cooling passage is 50 mm. Ribs are positioned facing downstream with angle-of-attack (α) of 30° and 45° for discrete W-ribs and discerte V-ribs respectively. The rib profiles with rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh) or blockage ratio 0.06 and pitch (

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dos Santos Horbach, Cristina, Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos, Liércio André Isoldi, and Luiz Alberto Oliveira Rocha. "Constructal Design of Y-Shaped Conductive Pathways for Cooling a Heat-Generating Body." Defect and Diffusion Forum 348 (January 2014): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.348.245.

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This paper applies constructal design to obtain numerically the configuration that facilitates the access of the heat that flows through Y-shaped pathways of a high-conductivity material embedded within a square-shaped heat-generating medium of low-conductivity to cooling this finite-size volume. The objective is to minimize the maximal excess of temperature of the whole system, i.e., the hot spots, independent of where they are located. The total volume and the volume of the material of high thermal conductivity are fixed. Results show that there is no universal optimal geometry for the Y-sha

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Muthersbaugh, Michael S., W. Mark Ford, Karen E. Powers, and Alexander Silvis. "Activity Patterns of Bats During the Fall and Spring Along Ridgelines in the Central Appalachians." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10, no. 1 (2019): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/082018-jfwm-072.

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Abstract Many central Appalachian ridges offer high wind potential, making them attractive to future wind-energy development. Understanding seasonal and hourly activity patterns of migratory bat species may help to reduce fatalities at wind-energy facilities and provide guidance for the development of best management practices for bats. To examine hourly migratory bat activity patterns in the fall and spring in Virginia in an exploratory fashion with a suite of general temporal, environmental, and weather variables, we acoustically monitored bat activity on five ridgelines and side slopes from

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Brailko, Valentina, Natalya Ivanova, Irina Zhdanova, and Olga Mitrofanova. "Morphological and anatomical features of narrow-leaved lavender plants with prolonged conservation under in vitro genebank." BIO Web of Conferences 24 (2020): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202400015.

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Optimization of plants long-term conservation under in vitro conditions and identification of their structural and functional features during preservation is the basis for the creation of a genebank of cultured and wild plant species in vitro. The aim of our work was to study morphological and anatomical features of plants in lavender cultivar ‘Sineva’ after two years of in vitro storage at low positive temperatures. The plant material was evaluated after 24 months of conservation. A significant decrease in the linear parameters of leaves in the preserved plants was noted. Leaf shape altered f

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Nickel, Hubertus, Willem J. Quadakkers, and Lorenz Singheiser. "Determination of Corrosion Layers and Protective Coatings on Steels and Alloys Used in Simulated Service Environment of Modern Power Plants." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, no. 1 (2005): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2137769.

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The development of modern power generation systems with higher thermal efficiency requires the use of constructional materials of higher strength and improved resistance to the aggressive service atmospheres. In this paper, the following examples are discussed. (i) The oxidation behavior of 9% Cr steels in simulated combustion gases: The effects of O2 and H2O content on the oxidation behavior of 9% Cr steels in the temperature range 600-800°C showed that in dry oxygen a protective scale was formed with an oxidation rate controlled by diffusion. In contrast, that in the presence of water vapor,

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Gatto, I., A. Saccà, A. Carbone, R. Pedicini, and E. Passalacqua. "MEAs for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Working at Medium Temperature." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (2006): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2217959.

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Recently, the CNR-ITAE activity has been addressed to the components development (electrodes and membranes) able to work in medium temperature PEFCs (80-130°C). One of the main problems to work at these temperatures is the proton conductivity loss due to a not full hydration of the membrane. For this reason a study on the modification of perfluorosulphonic membranes (like Nafion) was carried out by introducing different percentages of inorganic oxides (like SiO2, ZrO2) in the polymer matrix. These compounds have the function to improve the properties of the materials at high temperature due to

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Li, Peng, Zhonghe Han, Xiaoqiang Jia, Zhongkai Mei, and Xu Han. "Analysis of the Effects of Blade Installation Angle and Blade Number on Radial-Inflow Turbine Stator Flow Performance." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092258.

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Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a reliable technology to recover low-grade heat sources. The radial-inflow turbine is a critical component, which has a significant influence on the overall efficiency of ORC system. This study investigates the effects of the blade installation angle and blade number on the flow performance of radial-inflow turbine stator. R245fa and toluene were selected as the working fluids in the low and high temperature range, respectively. Two-dimensional stator blades model for the two working fluids were established, and numerical simulation was conducted through Computat

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