Academic literature on the topic 'Low-cholesterol diet'
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Journal articles on the topic "Low-cholesterol diet"
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BASCHETTI, R. "The low fat/low cholesterol diet." European Heart Journal 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015481.
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Giugliano, Dario, and Katherine Esposito. "Statins, Diet, and Low Cholesterol." JAMA 295, no. 21 (June 7, 2006): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.21.2479-a.
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Arora, Rohit, and Saravanan Balamuthusamy. "Statins, Diet, and Low Cholesterol." JAMA 295, no. 21 (June 7, 2006): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.21.2479-b.
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Cannon, Christopher P. "Statins, Diet, and Low Cholesterol—Reply." JAMA 295, no. 21 (June 7, 2006): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.21.2479-c.
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CORR, L. A., and M. F. OLIVER. "The low fat/low cholesterol diet is ineffective." European Heart Journal 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015111.
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Morgan, John, Kirsten Horton, Dana Reese, Christina Carey, Kalen Walker, and David Capuzzi. "Effects of Walnut Consumption as Part of a Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet on Serum Cardiovascular Risk Factors." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 72, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.5.341.
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Serum components, such as lipoproteins, coagulation factors (factor VII, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen), and homocysteine have been associated with cardiovascular disease. Dietary intervention with a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet has favorably influenced cardiovascular disease and certain food, specifically the consumption of nuts, has been associated with reduced cardiovascular risks. The effects of walnuts, as part of a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet, on serum cardiovascular risk factors were determined. Sixty-seven (67) outpatients with borderline high total cholesterol following a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet for six weeks before being randomly assigned to continue the diet or have 64 grams/day of walnuts in conjunction with the diet. After six weeks, the patients’ diets were switched. Therefore, all patients consumed 64 grams/day of walnuts for six weeks during part of the trial as part of a low-fat, low cholesterol diet. Serum lipids demonstrated a significant reduction in triacyglycerols and favorable trend with decreases in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and a slight increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. No statistical effects on homocysteine or the coagulation factors were observed. However, there was a slight favorable trend for tPA and PAI-1. This study demonstrated that walnuts, when consumed as part of a low fat, low-cholesterol diet, have a beneficial effect on serum cardiovascular risk factors. However, these changes may not explain all of the beneficial effects that walnut consumption has on cardiovascular disease.
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Lacombe, Christiane R., Geneviève R. Corraze, Maryse M. Nibbelink, Danièle Boulze, Philippe Douste-Blazy, and Rita Camare. "Effects of a low-energy diet associated with egg supplementation on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels in normal subjects: results of a cross-over study." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 3 (November 1986): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860137.
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1. The influence of a low-energy diet when associated with high-cholesterol intake was investigated in seventeen normal men during an 8-week cross-over study. The subjects were given a daily supplement of two whole eggs and two egg yolks (approximately 1 g cholesterol) either with their usual diet for 4 weeks or with a low-energy diet for 4 weeks. Each subject took part randomly in both dietary periods.2. During the first part of the study, no changes occurred in the plasma cholesterol of the subjects with egg supplementation of the usual diet.3. In contrast, the low-energy diet and associated weight loss markedly decreased the tolerance to high- cholesterol intake resulting in increased plasma cholesterol. The mean rise was 22.7% but with wide individual variations in the response. This was almost completely normalized when the subjects returned to their usual energy intake indicating the involvement of weight reduction in the increase observed.4. Changes in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were parallel to those of total plasma cholesterol with an increase following the low-energy diet and normalization after body-weight recovery.5. The opposite effect was shown with the low-energy diet after previous adaptation to the consumption of four eggs per day. This dietary regimen resulted in a decrease in plasma cholesterol although it was not significant. Moreover, the lipoprotein profile was improved with a decrease in very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and an increase in high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.6. High-cholesterol intake induced significant changes in lipoprotein composition whatever the energy ration. LDL and HDL were enriched in cholesterol esters as early as the 1st month of egg supplementation of the diet.7. Taken together, the results emphasize the possible adverse effect of slimming diets when associated with high-cholesterol intake. The existence of ‘high-responders’ to these dietary conditions calls for special attention to be paid to the cholesterol content of restricted diets.
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DUNN, A. V. "Incorporating soy protein into a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.67.10.767.
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Utzschneider, Kristina M., Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter, Matthew D. Arbuckle, Jaime M. Tidwell, Todd L. Richards, and Suzanne Craft. "Beneficial effect of a weight-stable, low-fat/low-saturated fat/low-glycaemic index diet to reduce liver fat in older subjects." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 6 (July 31, 2012): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512002966.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and can progress to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. We sought to determine whether dietary fat and saturated fat content alter liver fat in the absence of weight change in an older population. Liver fat was quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after 4 weeks on an isoenergetic low-fat/low-saturated fat/low-glycaemic index (LGI) (LSAT: 23 % fat/7 % saturated fat/GI < 55) or a high-fat/high-saturated fat/high-GI (HSAT: 43 % fat/24 % saturated fat/GI>70) diet in older subjects. In the present study, twenty subjects (seven males/thirteen females; age 69·3 (sem1·6) years, BMI 26·9 (sem0·8) kg/m2) were randomised to the LSAT diet and fifteen subjects (six males/nine females; age 68·6 (sem1·8) years, BMI 28·1 (sem0·9) kg/m2) to the HSAT diet. Weight remained stable. Liver fat decreased significantly on the LSAT diet (median 2·2 (interquartile range (IQR) 3·1) to 1·7 (IQR 1·8) %,P= 0·002) but did not change on the HSAT diet (median 1·2 (IQR 4·1) to 1·6 (IQR 3·9) %). The LSAT diet lowered fasting glucose and total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and raised TAG (P< 0·05), while the HSAT diet had no effect on glucose or HDL-cholesterol but increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (P< 0·05). Fasting insulin and homeostasis model of insulin resistance did not change significantly on either diet, but the Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity improved on the LSAT diet (P< 0·05). Assignment to the LSATv.HSAT diet was a predictor of changes in lipid parameters but not liver fat. We conclude that diet composition may be an important factor in the accumulation of liver fat, with a low-fat/low-saturated fat/LGI diet being beneficial.
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Chan, Jeannie, Rampratap S. Kushwaha, Jane F. VandeBerg, Jelica Gluhak-Heinrich, and John L. VandeBerg. "Differential Expression of Intestinal Genes in Opossums with High and Low Responses to Dietary Cholesterol." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/415075.
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High and low responding opossums (Monodelphis domestica) differ in their plasma very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (VLDL+LDL) cholesterol concentrations when they consume a high cholesterol diet, which is due in part to absorption of a higher percentage of dietary cholesterol in high responders. We compared the expression of a set of genes that influence cholesterol absorption in high and low responders fed a basal or a high cholesterol and low fat (HCLF) diet. Up-regulation of theABCG5,ABCG8, andIBABPgenes by the HCLF diet in high and low responders may reduce cholesterol absorption to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. Differences in expression of the phospholipase genes (PLA2andPLB) and phospholipase activity were associated with differences in cholesterol absorption when opossums were fed cholesterol-enriched diets. HigherPLA2andPLBmRNA levels and higher phospholipase activity may increase cholesterol absorption in high responders by enhancing the release of cholesterol from bile salt micelles for uptake by intestinal cells.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Low-cholesterol diet"
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Mitchell, Dorothy T. "The development and piot testing of a Cholesterol Saturated Fat Index (CSI) scorecard for dietary self-monitoring /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10242009-020351/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993.Vita. Abstract. Accompanying booklets in pockets. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-121). Also available via the Internet.
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Neubauer, Tamara E. "Cholesterol reduction in men : an experimental investigation of intensive treatment with frequent feedback versus a simple educational treatment /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040807/.
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Donckers-Roseveare, Kathryn. "Periodic feedback to reduce cholesterol levels." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41912.
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Mitchell, Dorothy T. "The development and pilot testing of a Cholesterol Saturated Fat Index (CSI) scorecard for dietary self-monitoring." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45319.
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The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel guidelines specify that dietary intervention is the cornerstone of treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Self-monitoring is a strategy used to achieve self-direction in adopting and maintaining a cholesterol-lowering dietary pattern. The Cholesterol Saturated Fat Index (CSI) illustrates the atherogenic potential of food. Given that saturated fat and dietary cholesterol are the two major dietary components known to raise serum cholesterol, a CSI Scorecard was developed and pilot tested as a dietary self-monitoring tool. Twelve nutritionists scored the same five food records with known CSI scores, the reference data. The food records represented CSI scores from the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles from a pool of 400 usual diet food records. Two-tailed, one-sample t-tests demonstrated that the CSI Scorecard scores were not statistically significant at only the 25th and 75th percentiles. Therefore, in three of five food record percentiles, nutritionists’ CSI scores differed from the corresponding reference CSI scores. Small sample size and years of experience may have been factors influencing the results. Comments from the nutritionists’ critique forms were incorporated into the revision of the CSI Scorecard.
Twelve participants scored their four-day food records using the booklet. The Spearman’s rho correlation of the CSI Scorecard derived CSI scores to the reference CSI scores was rS=.8 (p<.05). These preliminary results and comments from the formative evaluation meetings suggested that the CSI Scorecard deserves further validity testing with a larger sample of subjects. The CSI Scorecard appeared to show promise as a dietary self-monitoring tool that would facilitate increased self-direction in the adoption of a cholesterol-lowering diet.Master of Science
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Beecy, Christine M. "A test of two educational strategies for lowering blood cholesterol at the worksite." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43587.
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One hundred and seventy male and female volunteers employed at Hubbell Lighting Inc., Christiansburg, Virginia were studied to determine the effectiveness of two alternative educational strategies for lowering elevated blood cholesterol by modifying the diet. Initially three hundred and twenty-eight employees were weighed and tested for elevated total blood cholesterol via a finger-stick procedure using a Reflotron. Two hundred of these employees had elevated total blood cholesterol readings (2: 200 mg/dl) and were invited to participate in the study. The one hundred and seventy employees who consented to participate were divided into plant and office populations and then each of these two subpopulations was then randomized by sex into one of three experimental groups: individuals receiving worksite classes, those who received information on diet and blood cholesterol mailed to their homes, or a control group. Prior to the baseline blood cholesterol test, subjects completed and returned a pre-test questionnaire used to obtain demographic data and assess baseline knowledge, dietary practices and health-relevant attitudes such as self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility to heart disease, and perceived social support. Subjects also completed a three-day food record on the first and eighth week of the study as well as a post-test questionnaire identical to the pre-test questionnaire prior to the second blood cholesterol test which was performed during the tenth week of the study. No significant differences were observed over the experimental period in body weight. knowledge, dietary practices, and health relevant attitudes. Significant differences were observed for the dependent measure of change in blood cholesterol with a group and education level effect identified between subjects receiving worksite classes vs. the control group (p = .0284**) and subjects with only a grade school level education vs. all other education levels (p = .0021 **). Overall. subjects reduced total blood cholesterol levels by 18 mg/dl or 9% with the mean reduction for white and blue-collar groups receiving worksite classes (23 mg/dl or 11% and 19 mg/dl or 9%) significantly greater than the mean reduction for the control groups (13 mg/dl or 6% and 14 mg/dl or 7%). Subjects with only a grade school education reduced their cholesterol levels more than subjects at all other educational levels. The mean reduction in blood cholesterol for subjects receiving information mailed to the home about diet and blood cholesterol was less than the mean reduction for subjects in groups receiving the worksite classes. However. ANOV A revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups. Since, the mailed home approach is less costly for the employer, these findings suggest that while the two educational interventions may be similar in terms of effectiveness, the mailed home approach is more cost-effective.Master of Science
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Dikotope, Sekgothe Abram. "Response of serum lipids to a fat meal in Black South African subjects with different apoe genotypes." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1059.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemical Pathology)) --University of Limpopo, 2013Objectives The present study investigated how the serum lipids responded to a high-fat meal in black South African subjects with different APOE genotypes, a population that until recently was reported to be consuming a traditional diet of low fat and high carbohydrates. Methods Sixty students (males and females) of the University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus were successfully genotyped using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and grouped into four APOE genotype groups; ε2, ε2/ε4, ε3 and ε4. Only thirty-three subjects volunteered to participate in the oral fat-tolerance test (OFTT), but two were excluded for having abnormal total cholesterol (6.05 mmol/l) and LDL cholesterol (3.12 mmol/l) so only 31 subjects were left. The numbers per group were ε2=5, ε2/ε4=8, ε3=9 and ε4=9. After an overnight fast blood was drawn for measurements of baseline serum parameters. Subjects were administered a high fat meal 30 minutes after the baseline blood sample was drawn. Blood was drawn at intervals of 20, 40, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes for measurements of postprandial serum parameter levels. Serum parameters measured were triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose and insulin. Results Mean levels of serum lipids at baseline in mmol/l were as follows; group 1[TG=0.69(0.55-0.81), TCHOL=3.10±0.29, HDL-C=1.12±0.32, LDLC= 1.67±0.28]; group 2 [TG=0.61(0.53-1.00), TCHOL=2.98±0.53, HDLC= 1.20±0.37, LDL-C=1.43±0.37]; group 3 [TG=0.67(0.28-0.86), TCHOL=2.96±0.54, HDL-C=1.22±0.30, LDL-C=1.46±0.47]; group 4 [TG=0.76(0.51-1.16), TCHOL=3.27±0.51, HDL-C=1.12±0.17, LDLC= 1.79±0.47]. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of baseline triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ix high density lipoprotein cholesterol between the APOE groups hence no significant difference in the response to a fatty meal. Conclusions There was no significant change in serum lipid concentrations after a fatty meal in individuals with different APOE genotypes in a population that consume a traditional diet of low fat and high carbohydrates. Due to the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution. A larger study is recommended to ascertain the role of APOE genotypes on serum lipid response to a fatty meal in Black South African population.
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Body, Sarah. "Benefits of Dietary Counseling for Patients with Hyperlipidemia." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/698.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Nursing
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Ollberding, Nicholas Jay. "Changes in Food Sources of Fat, Cholesterol, and Protein in the Diets of Adolescents with Hypertension in Response to a Dietary Intervention Focusing on Fruits, Vegetables, and Low-fat Dairy Foods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211902693.
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Opperman, Anna Margaretha. "Meta-analysis and systematic review of the benefits expected when the glycaemic index is used in planning diets / Anna Margaretha Opperman." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/557.
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Motivation: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM)
and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rapidly increasing in industrialized societies. Experts
believe that lifestyle, and in particular its nutritional aspects, plays a decisive role in
increasing the burden of these chronic conditions. Dietary habits would, therefore, be
modified to exert a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases of
lifestyle. It is believed that the state of hyperglycaemia that is observed following food intake
under certain dietary regimes contributes to the development of various metabolic conditions.
This is not only true for individuals with poor glycaemic control such as some diabetics, but
could also be true for healthy individuals. It would, therefore, be helpful to be able to reduce
the amplitude and duration of postprandial hyperglycaemia. Selecting the correct type of
carbohydrate (CHO) foods may produce less postprandial hyperglycaemia, representing a
possible strategy in the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic diseases. At the same
time, a key focus of sport nutrition is the optimal amount of CHO that an athlete should
consume and the optimal timing of consumption. The most important nutritional goals of the
athlete are to prepare body CHO stores pre-exercise, provide energy during prolonged
exercise and restore glycogen stores during the recovery period. The ultimate aim of these
strategies is to maintain CHO availability to the muscle and central nervous system during
prolonged moderate to high intensity exercise, since these are important factors in exercise
capacity and performance. However, the type of CHO has been studied less often and with
less attention to practical concerns than the amount of CHO.
The glycaemic index (GI) refers to the blood glucose raising potential of CHO foods and,
therefore, influences secretion of insulin. In several metabolic disorders, secretion of insulin
is inadequate or impossible, leading to poor glycaemic control. It has been suggested that
low GI diets could potentially contribute to a significant improvement of the conditions
associated with poor glycaemic control. Insulin secretion is also important to athletes since
the rate of glycogen synthesis depends on insulin due to it stimulatory effect on the activity of
glycogen synthase.
Objectives: Three main objectives were identified for this study. The first was to conduct a
meta-analysis of the effects of the GI on markers for CHO and lipid metabolism with the
emphasis on randomised controlled trials (RCT's). Secondly, a systematic review was
performed to determine the strength of the body of scientific evidence from epidemiological
studies combined with RCT's to encourage dieticians to incorporate the GI concept in meal
planning. Finally, a systematic review of the effect of the GI in sport performance was
conducted on all available literature up to date to investigate whether the application of the
GI in an athlete's diet can enhance physical performance.
Methodology: For the meta-analysis, the search was for randomised controlled trials with a
cross-over or parallel design published in English between 1981 and 2003, investigating the
effect of low GI vs high GI diets on markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The main
outcomes were serum fructosamine, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol
(TC) and triacylglycerols (TG). For the systematic review, epidemiological studies as well as
RCT's investigating the effect of LGI vs HGI diets on markers for carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism were used. For the systematic review on the effect of the GI on sport
performance, RCT's with either a cross-over or parallel design that were published in English
between January 1981 and September 2004 were used. All relevant manuscripts for the
systematic reviews as well as meta-analysis were obtained through a literature search on
relevant databases such as the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE
(1981 to present), EMBASE, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, ScienceDirect and PubMed. This
thesis is presented in the article format.
Results and conclusions of the individual manuscripts:
For the meta-analysis, literature searches identified 16 studies that met the strict
inclusion criteria. Low GI diets significantly reduced fructosamine (p<0.05), HbA1c,
(p<0.03), TC(p<0.0001) and tended to reduce LDL-c (p=0.06) compared to high GI diets.
No changes were observed in HDL-c and TG concentrations. Results from this meta analysis,
therefore, support the use of the GI concept in choosing CHO-containing foods
to reduce TC and improve blood glucose control in diabetics.
The systematic review combined the results of the preceding meta-analysis and results
from epidemiological studies. Prospective epidemiological studies showed improvements
in HDL-c concentrations over longer time periods with low GI diets vs. high GI diets, while
the RCT's failed to show an improvement in HDL-c over the short-term. This could be
attributed to the short intervention period during which the RCT's were conducted.
Furthermore, epidemiological studies failed to show positive relationships between LDL-c
and TC and low GI diets, while RCT's reported positive results on both these lipids with
low GI diets. However, the epidemiological studies, as well as the RCT's showed positive
results with low GI diets on markers of CHO metabolism. Taken together, convincing
evidence from RCT's as well as epidemiological studies exists to recommend the use of
low GI diets to improve markers of CHO as well as of lipid metabolism.
3 From the systematic review regarding the GI and sport performance it does not seem that
low GI pre-exercise meals provide any advantages over high GI pre-exercise meals.
Although low GI pre-exercise meals may better maintain CHO availability during exercise,
low GI pre-exercise meals offer no added advantage over high GI meals regarding
performance. Furthermore, the exaggerated metabolic responses from high GI compared
to low GI CHO seems not be detrimental to exercise performance. However, athletes
who experience hypoglycaemia when consuming CHO-rich feedings in the hour prior to
exercise are advised to rather consume low GI pre-exercise meals. No studies have
been reported on the GI during exercise. Current evidence suggests a combination of
CHO with differing Gl's such as glucose (high GI), sucrose (moderate GI) and fructose
(low GI) will deliver the best results in terms of exogenous CHO oxidation due to different
transport mechanisms. Although no studies are conducted on the effect of the GI on
short-term recovery it is speculated that high GI CHO is most effective when the recovery
period is between 0-8 hours, however, evidence suggests that when the recovery period
is longer (20-24 hours), the total amount of CHO is more important than the type of CHO.
Conclusion: There is an important body of evidence in support of a therapeutic and
preventative potential of low GI diets to improve markers for CHO and lipid metabolism. By
substituting high GI CHO-rich with low GI CHO-rich foods improved overall metabolic control.
In addition, these diets reduced TC, tended to improve LDL-c and might have a positive
effect over the long term on HDL-c. This confirms the place for low GI diets in disease
prevention and management, particularly in populations characterised by already high
incidences of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and abnormal lipid levels. For athletes it
seems that low GI pre-exercise meals do not provide any advantage regarding performance
over high GI pre-exercise meals. However, low GI meals can be recommended to athletes
who are prone to develop hypoglycaemia after a CHO-rich meal in the hour prior to exercise.
No studies have been reported on the effect of the GI during exercise. However, it has been
speculated that a combination of CHO with varying Gl's deliver the best results in terms of
exogenous CHO oxidation. No studies exist investigating the effect of the GI on short-term
recovery, however, it is speculated that high GI CHO-rich foods are suitable when the
recovery period is short (0-8 h), while the total amount rather than the type of CHO is
important when the recovery period is longer (20-24 h). Therefore, the GI is a scientifically
based tool to enable the selection of CHO-containing foods to improve markers for CHO and
lipid metabolism as well as to help athletes to prepare optimally for competitions.
Recommendations: Although a step nearer has been taken to confirm a place for the GI in
human health, additional randomised, controlled, medium and long-term studies as well as
more epidemiological studies are needed to investigate further the effect of low GI diets on
LDL-c. HDL-c and TG. These studies are essential to investigate the effect of low GI diets
on endpoints such as CVD and DM. This will also show whether low GI diets can reduce the
risk of diabetic complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy. Furthermore, the public
at large must be educated about the usefulness and application of the GI in meal planning.
For sport nutrition, randomised controlled trials should be performed to investigate the role of
the GI during exercise as well as in sports of longer duration such as cricket and tennis.
More studies are needed to elucidate the short-term effect of the GI post-exercise as well as
to determine the mechanism of lower glycogen storage with LGI meals post-exercise.Thesis (Ph.D. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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"Tartary buckwheat as a cholesterol-lowering functional food." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894397.
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Yang, Nan.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-117).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.I
ABSTRACT --- p.II
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IX
Chapter Chapter 1 --- general introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- Cholesterol and cardiovascular disease --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Functions of cholesterol and lipoprotein --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Cholesterol metabolism and regulation in the body --- p.5
Chapter 1.3.1 --- General process of cholesterol metabolism --- p.5
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Cholesterol metabolism in liver --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- The uptake of LDL cholesterol into the liver --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Cholesterol synthesis --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Synthesis of bile acids --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.2.4 --- RCT pathway --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Lipids absorption in the intestine lumen --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Niemann-Pick Cl like 1(NPC1L1) --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- ABCG5/8 --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.3.3 --- Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) 2 --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Cholesterol homeostasis --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.5 --- The regulation of the cholesterol metabolism --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.5.1 --- The role of SREBP-2 --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.5.2 --- The role of LXR --- p.13
Chapter 1.3.5.3 --- Feedback regulation of cholesterol --- p.13
Chapter 1.4 --- Bile acid metabolism --- p.13
Chapter 1.4.1 --- The function of bile acid --- p.13
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Bile acid synthesis --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Enterohepatic circulation of bile --- p.14
Chapter 1.5 --- Effect of Dietary composition on the blood cholesterol --- p.15
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Dietary cholesterol --- p.15
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Dietary protein --- p.15
Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- Research history of dietary protein on the cholesterol --- p.15
Chapter 1.5.2.2 --- Dietary casein --- p.17
Chapter 1.5.2.3 --- Soy protein --- p.18
Chapter 1.5.2.4 --- Buckwheat protein --- p.18
Chapter 1.5.2.5 --- Mechanism of dietary protein on the cholesterol --- p.18
Chapter 1.5.3 --- Dietary fiber --- p.18
Chapter 1.5.4 --- Other functional components in the diet --- p.19
Chapter 1.5.4.1 --- Phytosterol --- p.19
Chapter 1.5.4.2 --- Dietary flavonoids --- p.21
Chapter 1.6 --- Chemical composition of Tartary buckwheat --- p.22
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Buckwheat protein --- p.22
Chapter 1.6.2 --- Dietary fiber --- p.23
Chapter 1.6.3 --- Phytosterols --- p.23
Chapter 1.6.4 --- Flavonoids --- p.23
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Flour on Blood Cholesterol Level in Male Hamsters
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.25
Chapter 2.2 --- Objective --- p.27
Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Hamsters --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Diets --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.3 --- "Determination of plasma lipid, lipoproteins" --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Determination of cholesterol concentration in organs --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Determination of fecal neutral and acidic sterols output --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.6 --- "Western blotting of liver SREBP-2, LDLR, HMGR, LXR and CYP7A1 proteins" --- p.36
Chapter 2.3.7 --- "Real-Time PCR Analysis of mRNA or Liver SREBP-2, LDLR, HMGR, and CYP7A1 and Small Intestine NPC1L1, ABCG5, ABCG8, ACAT2, and MTP" --- p.37
Chapter 2.3.8 --- Intestinal ACAT2 activity measurement --- p.37
Chapter 2.3.9 --- Statistics --- p.39
Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.40
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Nutritional composition of different flours --- p.40
Chapter 2.4.2 --- "Growth, food intake and relative organ weights" --- p.44
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Effect of different flour diets on the plasma lipid profile --- p.44
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Effect of different flour diets on organ cholesterol of hamsters --- p.44
Chapter 2.4.5 --- Cholesterol balance and excretion of fecal neutral and acidic Sterols --- p.44
Chapter 2.4.6 --- "Effect of different flour diets on hepatic SREBP-2, HMGR, LDLR and CYP7A1 immunoreactive mass" --- p.51
Chapter 2.4.7 --- "Effect of different flour diets on intestinal ABCG5, ABCG8, NPC1L1, MTP, and ACAT2 immunoreactive mass" --- p.54
Chapter 2.4.8 --- Effect of different diet group on intestinal ACAT activity --- p.54
Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.57
Chapter 2.6 --- Summary --- p.61
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Effect of DefattedTartary Buckwheat Protein Extract on Blood Cholesterol Level in Male Hamsters
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.62
Chapter 3.2 --- Objective --- p.63
Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.63
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Hamsters --- p.63
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Diets --- p.63
Chapter 3.3.3 --- "Determination of plasma lipid, lipoproteins" --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Determination of cholesterol concentration in organs and fecal neutral and acidic sterols output --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.5 --- "Western blotting of liver SREBP-2, LDLR, HMGR and CYP7A1 proteins" --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.6 --- "Real-Time PCR Analysis of mRNA or Liver SREBP-2, LDLR, HMGR, and CYP7A1 and Small Intestine NPC1L1, ABCG5, ABCG8, ACAT2, and MTP" --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Intestinal ACAT2 activity measurement --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.8 --- Protein digestibility determination --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.9 --- Statistics --- p.67
Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.68
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Diet composition --- p.68
Chapter 3.4.2 --- "Growth, food intake, fecal excretion" --- p.72
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Relative organ weights and organ cholesterol concentration --- p.72
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effect of different defatted protein extracts on the plasma lipid profile --- p.76
Chapter 3.4.5 --- Cholesterol Balance and Excretion of Fecal Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.76
Chapter 3.4.6 --- "Apparent protein digestibility in casein, TBP, WP and RP diet groups" --- p.77
Chapter 3.4.7 --- "Effect of different defatted protein extracts on hepatic SREBP-2, HMGR, LDLR and CYP7A1 immunoreactive mass" --- p.83
Chapter 3.4.8 --- "Effect of different defatted protein extracts on intestinal ABCG5, ABCG8, NPC1L1, MTP, and ACAT2 immunoreactive mass" --- p.83
Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.87
Chapter 3.6 --- Summary --- p.91
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusion --- p.92
References --- p.94
Books on the topic "Low-cholesterol diet"
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Association, American Heart, ed. Low-fat, low-cholesterol cookbook: Delicious recipes to help lower your cholesterol. 4th ed. New York: Clarkson Potter, 2008.
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Association, American Heart. Low-fat, low-cholesterol cookbook: Delicious recipes to help lower your cholesterol. 4th ed. New York: Clarkson Potter, 2010.
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Crocker, Betty. Betty Crocker's low fat/low cholesterol cookbook. New York: Prentice Hall, 1991.
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Karin, Cadwell, and White Edith, eds. The complete low sodium, low cholesterol cookbook. New York: Sterling Pub., 1990.
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Holst, Arleen. Low cholesterol favorites cookbook. Des Moines, Iowa (P.O. Box 94444, Des Moines 50394-0444): M.S. Willett Co., 1988.
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Crocker, Betty. Betty Crocker's new low-fat, low-cholesterol cookbook. New York: Macmillan, 1996.
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Larsen, Linda Johnson. The everything low cholesterol cookbook. Avon, Mass: Adams Media, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Low-cholesterol diet"
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del Pozo, Reginald. "Diet and gallstone." In Gallbladder - Anatomy, Pathogenesis, and Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002044.
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Cholesterol gallstone disease is a major health problem in western countries and depends on genetic and enviromental factors. Diet may influence the formation of gallstone either by altering the biliary lipid composition or by modifying gallbladder motility. Numerous investigations have examined the association of diet and cholesterol gallstone in prospective, cross-sectional, and case-control studies and in experimental animal models. However, these findings are controversial, probably because human studies are mainly epidemiological with differences in study designs, dietary exposure assessment, and methods used. In general, a high intake of saturated fats and refined sugars has been shown to increase the risk of forming cholesterol gallstones, while a high intake of monounsaturated fats and fiber may decrease this process. The pathogenic mechanisms behind these alterations are reviewed, and the need for a nutritional intervention based on a diet low in lipids and rich in fibers is highlighted. A better understanding of the role of diet in gallstone formation may provide tools for those patients who have been diagnosed with symptomatic gallstones and may also contribute to the prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for cholelithiasis.
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Goldman, Lee. "Cholesterol Reduction." In Prevention of Myocardial Infarction, 130–53. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085822.003.0006.
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Abstract The importance of cholesterol as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI) has been well established in both animal studies and human investigations. Cholesterol reduction by diet or medication will lower the risk of MI when used for either primary or secondary prevention. Because it remains unclear whether or not cholesterol reduction, especially with medications, has adverse effects on noncardio vascular mortality, recommendations regarding cholesterol reduction at both the population and the individual level must include a balanced assessment of the risks and benefits. The cost effectiveness of cholesterol reduction depends on both the cost of the intervention and the benefits to be realized by the individual, which are largely determined by the individual’s underlying risk for coronary and noncoronary diseases. Cholesterol is transported in the plasma by lipoproteins. Most cholesterol is trans ported by low density lipoproteins (LDL), which are about 45% cholesterol by weight. Intermediate density lipoproteins are an intermediary between very low density lipoproteins, which themselves are derived from chylomicrons, and LDL. In most indi-viduals, intermediate density lipoproteins are present in small amounts. High density lipoproteins (HDL) are produced both by the liver and the gastrointestinal tract and by the breakdown of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins in peripheral tissues (Ross 1992).
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O. Konstantinov, Vladimir. "Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Three “under” (Understood, Underdiagnosed, and Undertreated) Disease." In Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Pathology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93042.
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Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders leading to premature atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The main cause of FH is a mutation in the LDL-receptor gene that leads to loss of function of these receptors causing high levels of blood cholesterol. The diagnosis of FH is not very easy. Wide screenings are needed to reveal high levels of LDL cholesterol among “healthy” population. If the patient has MI or stroke at an early age, high levels of LDL cholesterol, and tendon xanthomas, the diagnosis of FH becomes much more clear. Genetic testing is a gold standard in the diagnosis of FH. There are several factors, influencing the time course of FH. Smoking males with low levels of HDL cholesterol have an extremely higher risk of death than nonsmoking females with high HDL cholesterol. Management of FH includes low cholesterol diet, statin and ezetimibe treatment, PCSK inhibitors, and LDL aphaeresis. Early and effective treatment influences much the prognosis in FH patients.
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Cordes, Eugene H. "Statins: Protection Against Heart Attacks and Strokes—Hallelujah!" In Hallelujah Moments. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199337149.003.0012.
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Cholesterol! This may be the single most famous (or infamous) small molecule of life. Most people view it as a threat to good health and even to life itself. We search for foods that are cholesterol free or at least low in cholesterol. We use them in efforts to achieve a low-cholesterol diet. Our primary care physicians measure our blood cholesterol levels routinely and report the news, good and bad. If the level is high, they recommend a better diet (that is, one lower in cholesterol and saturated fat), more exercise, and perhaps weight reduction. If those measures fail to get the cholesterol level where it should be, it is highly likely that therapy with a cholesterol-lowering drug will be recommended. The drug will usually fall into a class known as statins. Statins are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in the world. The first statin approved for marketing by the FDA in the United States was lovastatin (Mevacor), which happened in 1987. Lovastatin was followed into clinical practice by pravastatin (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocor), fluvastatin (Lescol), atorvastatin (Lipitor), cerivastatin (Baychol), pitivastatin (Livalo), and rosuvastatin (Crestor). There are a lot of options from which to choose among the statins. The story of how statins were discovered and developed is pretty amazing. The tale focuses on cholesterol in its several dimensions—what it is, how it is made, how its levels are regulated, the health consequences that may ensue when proper regulation fails, and how statins act to restore that regulation. The task of this chapter is to tell the tale. The focal point is cholesterol. So that is where we begin. There are two sides to most stories, which is certainly the case for cholesterol. Although what we hear about cholesterol is mostly negative (isn’t there some way to get rid of this stuff?), the fact is, we cannot live without it and there are three reasons why. First, cholesterol is an essential component of all our membranes.
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Kumar, Raushan, and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi. "The Protective Role of Nutraceuticals and Functional Food in Hyperlipidemia." In Nutraceutical and Functional Foods in Disease Prevention, 233–54. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3267-5.ch008.
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Diets rich in fats and cholesterol are mainly responsible for the production of free radicals which contribute to the incidence of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Both of these are the major factors responsible for CVDs. Hyperlipidemia is characterized by elevated level of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and reduced level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum. The main role of diet is to provide ample amount of nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of an individual. However, there are increasing scientific approaches helping the hypothesis that some food ingredients have beneficial effects over and above the provision of the basic nutrients. So in this chapter, the main focus is food categorized under nutraceutical and functional food and their various protective roles in the case of hyperlipidemia.
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Sun, Si, Bingqing Li, Shuang Peng, and Lian He. "Protective Effect of Sea Buckthorn (Hipphophae Rhamnoides) Extract on Liver Injury Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti230891.
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This experiment aimed to investigate the protective effect of sea buckthorn (Hipphophae rhamnoides) extract on an animal model of NAFLD induced by high-fat and cholesterol diet. Twenty-five SPF-grade male KM mice were randomly divided into the blank control group, high-fat model group, sea-buckthorn low-dose group, sea-buckthorn medium-dose group, and sea-buckthorn high-dose group. During the whole experiment, the high-fat model group and sea-buckthorn treatment group were fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet to build the fatty liver model, whereas the blank control group was fed ordinary diet. The high-fat model group and blank control group were intragastrically given normal saline, and each sea buckthorn treatment group was intragastrically given different concentrations of sea buckthorn extract. After 5 weeks of intervention using the abovementioned method, the experiment was completed; relevant serological indexes were determined, and the liver coefficient was calculated. Our results demonstrated that the liver coefficient in the high-dose sea buckthorn group was extremely significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared with that in the high-fat model group. In addition, the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum of mice was decreased by the intervention of sea buckthorn extract, whereas the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased. Significant differences were observed between the sea-buckthorn high-dose treatment group and the high-fat model group (P < 0.05). The extracts of sea buckthorn had a certain protective effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver. This study lays an important foundation in developing and using sea buckthorn extract as a clinical drug and guiding people to take health care products reasonably.
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Lüscher, Thomas F. "Introduction." In ESC CardioMed, 1103–4. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0269.
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Ever since Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), the eminent German pathologist of the nineteenth century, said ‘Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation induced by cholesterol’, inflammation has been considered in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. After the seminal experiments performed by Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Anitschkow (1885–1964), who fed rabbits with a diet rich in fat and was able to induce atherosclerosis in their aorta, the focus shifted almost exclusively onto the role of cholesterol and other components of metabolism. Indeed, the Framingham Heart Study confirmed the high predictive value of total and low-density (LDL)-cholesterol for future major cardiovascular events (MACE) in initially healthy humans. The causal relationship between MACE and LDL-cholesterol was eventually proved by the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study which showed that a lowering of LDL-cholesterol with a HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor such as simvastatin also reduced MACE substantially, an effect that was later confirmed in numerous large randomized trials with other statins.
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Ashton, M. J., and G. Fenton. "HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors." In Pre-Equilibrium Nuclear Reactions, 519–63. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198517344.003.0010.
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Abstract Numerous clinical studies evaluating the effects of diet and/ or cholesterol lowering drugs on reducing morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) have been performed in the previous decades. The out come of many of these trials has been reviewed by Havel (1988). These results, combined with studies of experimentally induced atherosclerosis in animals and observations from patients genetically predisposed to CHD, has led to a wide acceptance that elevated plasma cholesterol, associated with raised concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL), is linked to an increased risk of morbidity in CHD but not conclusively to mortality.
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Douaihy, Antoine, Thomas M. Kelly, Augusto Bermudez, and David Bell. "Motivational Interviewing and Dietetics." In Motivational Interviewing, 2E, edited by Antoine Douaihy, Thomas M. Kelly, and Melanie A. Gold, 169—C10P90. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197583876.003.0010.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the relationship between unhealthy diet, low activity level and associated morbidity. A review of recent literature indicates that MI can be integrated with nutrition counselling to help patients increase physical activity, e.g., walking while decreasing cholesterol levels, risk for cardiovascular illness, depression, and type 2 diabetes. The chapter discusses the importance of avoiding scare tactics and the “righting reflex” in nutrition counselling.
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Gerson Bastos Francisco, António, Isaura da Conceição Almeida Lopes, Amílcar Bernardo Tomé da Silva, and Henrique Cotchi Simbo Muela. "Dietary Patterns for the Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome." In Lifestyle-Related Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107030.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the commonly occurring disorder comprising central obesity, systemic hypertension (HTN), insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia specifically hypertriglyceridemia, and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The prevalence of MetS worldwide ranges from 20% to 25% in the adult population and 0% to 19.2% in children, but it can reach almost 80% in type 2 diabetes patients. Increased blood pressure (BP) is considered an important component of MetS. More than 85% of those with MetS, even in the absence of diabetes mellitus (DM), have elevated BP or HTN. Dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean-style, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets, can improve insulin resistance and MetS. Dietary patterns high in fruit and vegetable content were generally found to be associated with a lower prevalence of MetS. Evidence reinforces that DASH, Nordic diet, and Mediterranean diet (MD) significantly lowered systolic BP and diastolic BP by 4.26 and 2.38 mm Hg, respectively. Therefore, we aim to review the available evidence on the effect of dietary patterns on the treatment of HTN in patients with MetS.
Conference papers on the topic "Low-cholesterol diet"
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Aluko, Rotimi. "Protein gelation enhances resistance to proteolysis and in vivo cholesterol-lowering ability of the indigestible proteins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ztlc7556.
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Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death globally with excessive levels of blood cholesterol being a major risk factor. A dietary approach towards reducing this health risk is the intake of foods enriched with indigestible proteins that bind cholesterol to minimize reabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the level of indigestible proteins in regular foods is low and normal dietary intake may not provide sufficient cholesterol-lowering effect. Therefore, the aim of this work was to utilize various processing techniques to enhance resistance of food proteins to proteolysis and facilitate recovery of large amounts of indigestible proteins, which was then incorporated into the diet of Sprague-Dawley rats. Various legume seed protein isolates were subjected to the following pretreatments: dry heat, wet heat, autoclave, gelation, and freeze-thaw (3 cycles). The pretreated isolates were digested with pepsin followed by pancreatin to obtain insoluble residue as the indigestible product, which was tested for in vitro bile acid-binding ability. Results showed that the indigestible proteins from gelled cowpea protein isolate (ICP) was most abundant (68% yield) and had strong bile acid-binding ability. The rats were fed high fat diets and divided into 4 groups of 6 each (3 males + 3 females): group 1 was 20% casein diet while groups 2, 3 and 4 consumed same diets but casein was partially substituted with 1% ICP, 5% ICP, and 5% undigested cowpea protein isolate (CPI), respectively. After feeding for 6 weeks, rats that consumed the diet containing 5% ICP had the lowest increase in plasma total cholesterol of 1.8 mmol/L when compared to increases of 9.34 and 4.15 mmol/L for CPI and casein only diets, respectively. Analysis of the fecal matter by gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of a high molecular proteins in the ICP-containing diets but absent in the casein only and CPI diets.
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Mitropoulos, K. A., S. J. Walter, T. W. Meade, and M. P. Esnouf. "INCREASED FACTOR VII REACTIVITY IN THE RABBIT FOLLOWING DIET-INDUCED HYPERCHOIESTEROIAEMIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643802.
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The association of factor VII coagulant activity (VIIC) with plasma lipid concentrations has been a consistent feature of a number of studies in man and points to plasma lipoproteins as determinants of VIIC.To modify plasma lipoprotein concentrations and to study the effect of this on VIIC, rabbits were fed a 1%- cholesterol-supplemented diet. Treatment resulted in a many-fold increase in plasma cholesterol concentration with the major fraction of excess cholesterol associated with the very low and intermediate density lipoprotein fractions. VIIC was considerably higher in rabbits fed 1%- cholesterol-supplemented than in rabbits fed the standard diet. In both groups of rabbits, the direction and extent of variation in VIIC coincided with variation in cholesterol concentration so that over time there were significant and positive correlations between VIIC and plasma cholesterol. A method that provides a measure of the total functionalfactor VII concentration (VII) was also used. This assay involves clotting the plasma in the presence of excess tissue factor and therefore the conversion of VII tothe more reactive two-chain form of theprotein (αVIIa) .The concentration of αVIIa present in the serum was measured from the rate of activation of excess of [sialyl-3H]-bovine factor X. By day 10 of treatment, and in all furthercomparisons VTIt was only slightly higher in the group of rabbits fed cholesterol-supplemented than in that fed the standard diet.This increase in VI11 istoo small to explain the considerable increasin VIIC in the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit. We conclude thattheincrease in VIIc was to ahigher proportion of αVIIa in theplasma of hyperchol⋆esterol-aemic rabbits rather thanto an increase in the concentration of the single-chain protein.
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Ilea, Mihai, Marius Turnea, Calin Corciova, and Mariana Rotariu. "AN E-LEARNING TOOL FOR MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS DEPENDING ON DIET AND AGES." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-200.
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The human health has many important aspects and the cholesterol regulation is one of them. The low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) transports plasma cholesterol (about 60%) and it is responsible by its depositing on arteries for atherosclerotic process, increasing the probability of cardiovascular events. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) can reduce this process by transport about 30% of plasma cholesterol. The balance is modified in the process of aging and depend also of other factors as diet, and physical exercises. An educational tool is proposing that use basically two mathematical models: (1) a simple one by two compartment model proposed by Wona & Hrydziuszko that include an dietary term, and (2) a more complex one that include the mechanism of simulation of aging proposed by Mc Auley. The values of parameters for both models are taken from literature and the user can modify them in order to test and simulated the models. The diet is modeled in the first model as an additive variable, and other variable are deduced from stability analysis and are assumed based on heuristic trials. In the second model, the mechanism of aging is simulated empirically (because the complete mechanism is not known yet) by increasing the LDL-C values and decreasing the number of hepatic LDL receptors (HLDLR) by decreasing the parameter that represents rate of synthesis. The tool has a library with selected curves for (HDL-C) and (LDL-C) from different countries of the world by age and sex extracted from literature. In the future development, this information will be used to model and analytic additive function for (LDL-C) curve by fitting of parameters with experimental one in system of differential equations that models the cholesterol homeostasis.
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Hassall, D. C., R. F. G. Booth, A. C. Honey, and J. F. Martin. "EXTRAVASCULAR INJURY CAUSES FOAM CELL FORMATION, ACCUMULATION OF CHOLESTEROL (C) and CHOLESTEROL ESTER (CE) IN THE CAROTID ARTERY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643414.
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In atherosclerotic arterial tissue, cholesterol is delivered to smooth muscle cells by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and to macrophages via modified LDL. The reasons for accumulation of excess lipid are unknown although increased uptake of C and CE occurs in regions of arterial de-endothelialisation. We now report that the positioning of a silastic collar containing saline around the outside of arteries induces accumulation of C and CE within those tissues. 9 rabbits were separated into 3 groups, each group was fed a normal laboratory chow, 2 groups were supplemented with lg/day cholesterol; these rabbits were used for C and CE determinations. Three parallel groups of rabbits were set up for histological analysis. At day O, under anaesthesia, a silastic collar was* placed around the left carotid artery. The collar was filled with saline and carefully sealed without causing constriction of the vessel. The vessels were replaced and the animals allowed to recover. After 14 days the carotids from animals for C and CE determination were rapidly removed and divided up into a region from the middle of the collar, a region proximal to the collar and a distal region. The tissues were freeze clamped in liquid nitrogen and lipids extracted with C and CE determined for each region. The carotids for histological analysis were perfuse-fixed in situ and similarly subdivided.We conclude 1) Animals fed high cholesterol accumulate more C than CE within arterial tissue, furthermore this accumulation is greater than in animals fed a normal diet 2) In both normal diet and high cholesterol fed animals an enhanced accumulation of C + CE occurs within arteries with a collar 3) CE appears to be preferentially accumulated within the collar region.
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Verbeuren, T. J., M. J. Van Diest, and A. G. Herman. "CONTRACTIONS TO PLATELETS IN AORTAS OF CONTROL AND CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643799.
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Atherosclerotic aortas obtained from cholesterol-fed rabbits show a decreased responsiveness to noradrenaline, an increased responsiveness to low concentrations of serotoninand an unaltered responsiveness to prostaglandins. In vitro contractions induced by aggregating platelets are largely due to serotonin liberated during the aggregation. The present study was designed to compare the contractile responses to aggregating platelets inaortas obtained from control and cholesterol-fed rabbits.Male New Zealand rabbits were fed either a control or a 0.3% cholesterol diet during 16 weeks. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the luminal surface of the aortas obtained from these animals revealed a substantial amount of fatty streaks in the tissuesobtained from the cholesterol-fed rabbits. Segments of the aortic arch of the rabbits were then mounted in organ chambers for isometric tension recording.In both the control and the atherosclerotic aortas increasing concentrations of platelets evoked contractions; the contractions obtained with the lower concentrations of platelets were significantly greater in the atherosclerotic tissues. The maximal responses and the ED50-values were comparable in both groups of blood vessels. No significant differences were observed when platelets obtained from control or hypercholesterolemic rabbits were compared. In the control and the atherosclerotic aortas the thromboxane receptorantagonist BM13505 at 2 x 10-5M did not significantly affect the contractionsto platelets obtained from either control or cholesterol-fed rabbits. The serotonin receptor antagonist ketanserin at 5 x 10-8M nearly abolished the responses to platelets in bothgroups of aortas.These experiments illustrate that (1) thecontractions induced by rabbit platelets in control and atherosclerotic aortas are mediated by serotonin and (2) the responses to platelets, as those to serotonin, are augmented in the atherosclerotic preparations.
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Silveira, Rayanne Maria Brandão da, Marcela Marques de Oliveira Gregório, Elza Marcia Targar Yacubian, and Laura Maria de Figueiredo Ferreira Guilhoto. "Cardiovascular risk in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy submitted to the modified atkins diet." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.728.
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Introduction: The modified Atkins diet (MAD) the carbohydrates are limited to 15–30 g/d and high fat intake is encouraged. It are used in children, being less studied in adults Objectives: To assess the impact of MAD over a 6-month period in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy in terms of reduction in seizure frequency and cardiovascular risk. Methods: Prospective and interventional study.Inclusion criteria:patients aged 18–60 yrs, with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, without surgical indication or in the postoperative of epilepsy surgery. Exclusion criteria were: use of corticosteroids, metabolic diseases, cholecystectomy or nephrolithiasis, inadequate nutrition, uncooperative parents or caregivers and inadequate sociofamily dynamics. All started the diet at a 1:1 ratio and ASMs. Study periods: baseline (P0), six month (P6). Carotid and vertebral Doppler ultrasounds were performed at P0 and P6 in order to assess possible alterations related to of the carotid arteries the intima-media thickness. Results: Twenty patients are being followed up, 12 of which started the MAD, and of these, 6 completed the six-month period of diet therapy and underwent pre and post-diet exams. The 6 patients showed no increase in mean total, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides cholesterol levels.There was no change in the thickness of the myointimal complex of any patient, made by comparative analysis by ultrasonographic exam before and after six months of starting the diet. Four out of 6 patients had >50% reduction in seizures (two seizure free) and two had no change in frequency. Conclusion: MAD for six months in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy had a significant effect on the reduction of epileptic seizures and did not reveal alterations in the myointimal wall of the carotid arteries.
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Chepngetich, Purity, and Dr Lois L. N. Wagana. "Our Experience with 3 Patients on Management of Obesity and Diabetes with Diet and Aggressive Weight Loss." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-12.
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Background: Food system refers to the elements and activities related to producing,processing, distributing , consuming food and its effects in our day to day lifestyle. Diet and lifestyle therapy is the cornerstone of therapy for healthy living especially for patients with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This article gives our practical experience on management of Obesity and Diabetes with diet and aggressive weight loss. The components of healthy lifestyle therapy includes a package of; reduced calorie intake,increased physical activity and patient education. Results Patient Y [male] In December 2022 was 98kg.The Random blood sugar was 11.2mmols and HbA1C was 5.8%. On taking diet history he consumed red meat without restriction.No much physical activity.Consumed high starch diet.Diagnosed of Prediabetes. After one month of nutrition consultation; Lost 3kg through a low starch high protein diet. Exercised moderately by walking 30-45 minutes thrice a week. After four months there was drastic improvement.Lost Up to 8kg. B] Patient P[female] In January 2023 had 104 kgs.Had Random blood sugar of 10.2mmols, HbA1C 5.8%. She had been eating one banana everyday for breakfast.Consumed a lot of matoke and potatoes in her meals occasionally. Did not exercise. Diagnosed with Prediabetes and hypertension.Triglycerides were elevated. After one month of nutrition follow up, she had lost 5kg.Random blood sugar dropped to 6.4mmols C]Patient M[MALE] On the visit to the clinic ,he weighed 145 kg, Random blood sugar was 8.4mmols. Consumed red meat daily of measurable amounts.No exercise at all since most of his work is involved with lots of driving to work.Was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes,Hypertension, Dyslipidemia. After 2 months of close nutrition monitoring, Random blood sugar improved drastically.Weight dropped to 136kg. Conclusion of the study: From the three patients, moderate exercise has really improved their health to greater heights.Helped increase insulin sensitivity ,we opine as a result blood sugar levels drop. Cutting down on animal protein consumption such as red meat and eggs.Has lowered triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. Consumption of low carb diet and exercise contributes to weight loss Regulating the food system, especially on consumption, significantly promotes a healthy lifestyle. Keywords: diet, Random blood sugar,HbAIC,triglycerides
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Alexandru, Rinovetz, Radoi Petru Bogdan, Velciov Ariana, Radu Florina, and Ileana Cocan. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE BENEFITS OF THE USE OF GAME MEAT IN THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMMON CONSUMER PRODUCT." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.11.
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In recent years, consumers, including domestic meat consumers, have been looking for new products with high biological and nutritional value, plus flavour. Consumer concern for a healthy diet has led to increased demand for low-fat, low-cholesterol products, coupled with growing interest in returning to traditional products as an option to advanced processing. Game meat could meet consumer needs and requirements as an alternative to meat from domestic animals, with the following recommendations: 1. low fat content; 2. optimal unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio; 3. high protein content; 4. low calorie content; 5. outstanding texture, taste and flavour. The main aim of the work was to obtain a salami-type product from wild boar (Sus scrofa) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) meat, from the Western area of Romania, followed by a comparative study of quality indicators with a similar advanced processed product from domestic pork. From a physico-chemical point of view, the determination of water, ash, protein, fat, NaCl, and finally the carbohydrate content and nutritional value were calculated. From a sensory point of view, appearance, consistency, taste, smell and general acceptability were investigated.
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Saed DOOSH, Kifah, Shaymaa saady LAFTA, Raed Mohammed Khalaf AL-ZAIDI, and Sharaf Ali ALSHAIKH. "STUDY OF SOME HEALTH INDICATORS OF FEEDING ON WHITHE SOFT CHEESE FORTIFIED WITH SELENIUM IN LABORATORY WHITH MICE." In VII. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESSOF PURE,APPLIEDANDTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress7-12.
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Selenium (Se) is one of the rare and necessary elements with multiple and important biological applications, especially its effective role in the treatment of many chronic diseases and cancers, and that its deficiency causes health problems, and for this the current study was conducted and aimed to manufacture Iraqi soft cheese supported with two levels of Se, which are 100 and 200 μg / 1 kg of coagulame. represented by T1 and T2 treatments respectively, which used in a feeding of laboratory mice Which caused an artificial rise in the level of blood fats (Hyperlipidemia) in order to evaluate the feeding of selenium-fortified cheese on some nutritional and health indicators ,the most important results that were obtained: Se limited the daily weight gain and final weight gain of experimental animals fed a diet rich in fat with daily oral doses of selenium-fortified cheese treatment T1 and T2, respectively, compared with C+ positive control group mice fed a diet rich in fat without se and very close to C-negative control mice fed a standard diet only. Se also reduced the levels of total cholesterol TC, triglycerides TG, bad fats Low-Density Lipoprotein LDL and Very-LowDensity Lipoprotein VLDL, and raised the values of good fats High-Density Lipoprotein HDL significantly at (P≤0.05). The two groups T1 and T2 outperformed in some indicators even on the C- . Se reduced the glucose content in the blood and the levels of liver enzymes GOT, GPT and ALP. And improved the activity and effectiveness of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase and the efficiency of the immune system by increasing the total numbers of white blood cells and increasing the level of hemoglobin and the percentage of the volume of compressed cells.
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Plocina, Lasma, and Ilze Beitane. "A review: using legumes to develop products for patients with psychiatric disorders." In Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.009.
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Mortality rates and co-morbidities are high in people with psychiatric disorders. These patients have unhealthy dietary habits, which include increased consumption of fast food, snacks, sweets, saturated fats, and reduced consumption of protein, fruits, vegetables, and legumes, which contributes to the risk of developing chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Unhealthy and monotonous eating habits lead to a significant lack of nutrients such as protein, omega-3 fatty acids, B-group vitamins, and fibre. The aim of the literature review is to investigate the main diet problems of patients with psychiatric disorders and, based on the studies on the nutritional value of legumes, to evaluate their suitability for the development of new products for patients with psychiatric disorders. Studies show the beneficial effects of legumes on the regulation of rapid fluctuations in cholesterol, blood pressure, excess body weight, and glucose levels, which in general delay the formation of inflammation and reduce the risk of psychiatric disorders. The benefits of legumes are due to their high protein and fibre content, low fat content, and content of iron, copper, magnesium, zinc, and B-group vitamins. In addition, legumes contain bioactive compounds that contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases.