Journal articles: 'Low-cost robotics'

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Grabler, Reinhard, Markus Klein, Thomas Fellner, and Gottfried Koppensteiner. "Development of a Low-Cost Maritime Educational Robotics Platform." International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 6, no. 3 (June 2018): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2018.6.3.377.

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Tiboni, Monica, Francesco Aggogeri, Roberto Bussola, Alberto Borboni, Cesare Augusto Perani, and Nicola Pellegrini. "Low-Cost Design Solutions for Educational Robots." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, no. 5 (October 20, 2018): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0827.

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Low-cost robotics, fully integrated in the corporate IT infrastructure, is a requirement in the era of modern industrial automation derived from the Industry 4.0 model. This paper presents a multidisciplinary robotics-based learning (R-BL) project consisting of the development of a modular control architecture and a gripper for small manipulators. The solution, as compared with options available in the current robotic market, is a balance between low-cost devices with industrial robot performance. The project is carried out as part of the Robotics and Mechanisms program, a course in the automation engineering degree program at the University of Brescia in Italy. A 4-axis small-size robot, able to manipulate many kinds of objects, was designed and built by a student team by integrating the controller and the gripper. The controller was implemented using a real-time Raspberry platform by following a modular design concept. The control software is characterized by a short development time. The gripper was advanced to achieve low cost and modularity tradeoffs.

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Reeve, Ronald C., and Robert Rongo. "Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics." Journal of Ship Production 12, no. 01 (February 1, 1996): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1996.12.1.49.

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Commercial shipbuilding is surviving and prospering in mature high-labor-cost countries even under intense competition from low-labor-cost countries. Prospering shipyards are investing in robotic automation to increase productivity and worker added value. Robot welders are producing higher quality ships for as little as $1 per hour. It is projected that U.S. shipyards must also use robots in order to successfully compete in commercial world markets. This paper describes how the Technology Reinvestment Project (TRP) on Shipbuilding Robotics is leveraging advanced robotic technology to provide low-cost robotics for U.S. shipyard automation. The TRP is described, economic analysis methods for robot welding are presented, and factors for successful implementation of robotics are discussed. A case study of a successful shipyard gantry robot implementation is reported.

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Cuevas, Erik, Daniel Zaldivar, and Marco Pérez-Cisneros. "Low-Cost Commercial Lego™ Platform for Mobile Robotics." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 47, no. 2 (April 2010): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.47.2.4.

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This paper shows the potential of a Lego™-based low-cost commercial robotic platform for learning and testing prototypes in higher education and research. The overall set-up aims to explain mobile robotic issues, including mechatronics, robotics and automatic control theory. The capabilities and limitations of Lego robots are studied within two experiments: the first shows how to eliminate a number of restrictions in Lego robots using some programming alternatives; the second addresses the complex problem of multi-position control. Algorithms and their additional tools have been fully designed, applied and documented, and the results are shown throughout the paper. The platform was found to be suitable for teaching and researching key issues related to the aforementioned fields.

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Vega, Julio, and José Cañas. "PiBot: An Open Low-Cost Robotic Platform with Camera for STEM Education." Electronics 7, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120430.

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This paper presents a robotic platform, PiBot, which was developed to improve the teaching of robotics with vision to secondary students. Its computational core is the Raspberry Pi 3 controller board, and the greatest novelty of this prototype is the support developed for the powerful camera mounted on board, the PiCamera. An open software infrastructure written in Python language was implemented so that the student may use this camera as the main sensor of the robotic platform. Furthermore, higher-level commands were provided to enhance the learning outcome for beginners. In addition, a PiBot 3D printable model and the counterpart for the Gazebo simulator were also developed and fully supported. They are publicly available so that students and schools without the physical robot or that cannot afford to obtain one, can nevertheless practice, learn and teach Robotics using these open platforms: DIY-PiBot and/or simulated-PiBot.

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Bonarini, Andrea, Matteo Matteucci, Martino Migliavacca, Roberto Sannino, and Daniele Caltabiano. "Modular Low-Cost Robotics: What Communication Infrastructure?" IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.03274.

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Visentin, Gianfranco, and Michel van Winnendael. "Robotics options for low-cost planetary missions." Acta Astronautica 59, no. 8-11 (October 2006): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.07.037.

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Micael S. Couceiro, Carlos M. Figueiredo, J. Miguel A. Luz, Nuno M. F. Ferreira, and Rui P. Rocha. "A Low-Cost Educational Platform for Swarm Robotics." International Journal of Robots, Education and Art 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijrea.vol2.issue1.1.

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Vega, Julio, and José M. Cañas. "Open Vision System for Low-Cost Robotics Education." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111295.

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Vision devices are currently one of the most widely used sensory elements in robots: commercial autonomous cars and vacuum cleaners, for example, have cameras. These vision devices can provide a great amount of information about robot surroundings. However, platforms for robotics education usually lack such devices, mainly because of the computing limitations of low cost processors. New educational platforms using Raspberry Pi are able to overcome this limitation while keeping costs low, but extracting information from the raw images is complex for children. This paper presents an open source vision system that simplifies the use of cameras in robotics education. It includes functions for the visual detection of complex objects and a visual memory that computes obstacle distances beyond the small field of view of regular cameras. The system was experimentally validated using the PiCam camera mounted on a pan unit on a Raspberry Pi-based robot. The performance and accuracy of the proposed vision system was studied and then used to solve two visual educational exercises: safe visual navigation with obstacle avoidance and person-following behavior.

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Abidin, Z., R. Arifudin, W. Hardyanto, I. Akhlis, R. Umer, and N. Kurniawan. "Low-cost educational robotics for promoting STEM education." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1918, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 042018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1918/4/042018.

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Vijayan, Asha, Chaitanya Nutakki, Dhanush Kumar, Krishnashree Achuthan, Bipin Nair, and Shyam Diwakar. "Enabling a Freely Accessible Open Source Remotely Controlled Robotic Articulator with a Neuro-Inspired Control Algorithm." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 01 (January 18, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i01.6288.

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Internet-enabled technologies for robotics education are gaining importance as online platforms promoting skill training. Understanding the use and design of robotics are now introduced at university undergraduate levels, but in developing economies establishing usable hardware and software platforms face several challenges like cost, equipment etc. Remote labs help providing alternatives to some of the challenges. We developed an online laboratory for bioinspired robotics using a low-cost 6 degree-of-freedom robotic articulator with a neuro-inspired controller. Cerebellum-inspired neural network algorithm approximates forward and inverse kinematics for movement coordination. With over 210000 registered users, the remote lab has been perceived as an interactive online learning tool and a practice platform. Direct feedback from 60 students and 100 university teachers indicated that the remote laboratory motivated self-organized learning and was useful as teaching material to aid robotics skill education.

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AL-Forati, Israa, and Abdulmuttalib Rashid. "Robotics Path Planning Algorithms using Low-Cost IR Sensor." 3D SCEEER Conference sceeer, no. 3d (July 1, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.sceeer.3rd.7.

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A robot is a smart machine that can help people in their daily lives and keep everyone safe. the three general sequences to accomplish any robot task is mapping the environment, the localization, and the navigation (path planning with obstacle avoidance). Since the goal of the robot is to reach its target without colliding, the most important and challenging task of the mobile robot is the navigation. In this paper, the robot navigation problem is solved by proposed two algorithms using low-cost IR receiver sensors arranged as an array, and a robot has been equipped with one IR transmitter. Firstly, the shortest orientation algorithm is proposed, the robot direction is corrected at each step of movement depending on the angle calculation. secondly, an Active orientation algorithm is presented to solve the weakness in the preceding algorithm. A chain of the active sensors in the environment within the sensing range of the virtual path is activated to be scan through the robot movement. In each algorithm, the initial position of the robot is detected using the modified binary search algorithm, various stages are used to avoid obstacles through suitable equations focusing on finding the shortest and the safer path of the robot. Simulation results with multi-resolution environment explained the efficiency of the algorithms, they are compatible with the designed environment, it provides safe movements (without hitting obstacles) and a good system control performance. A Comparison table is also provided.

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Ollero, A. "Plenary Session 1: Low Cost Automation in Field Robotics." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 34, no. 29 (October 2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)32782-9.

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Pirjanian, Paolo, Niklas Karlsson, Luis Goncalves, and Enrico Di Bernardo. "Low‐cost visual localization and mapping for consumer robotics." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 30, no. 2 (April 2003): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439910310464159.

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Erbe, H. H. "Introduction to Low Cost/Cost Effective Automation." Robotica 21, no. 3 (May 13, 2003): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357470200471x.

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I. INTRODUCTIONThe contributions to this issue aim to provide robotics and, in general, the automatic control community with results of research and applications focused on the cost-effectiveness of automation systems.Low Cost Automation or Cost Effective Automation promotes cost oriented reference architectures and development approaches that properly integrate human skill and technical solutions, includes decentralized process control strategies, addresses automation integrated with information processing, as well as automation of non-sophisticated and easily handled operations for production maintenance.Low Cost Automation is not an oxymoron like military intelligence or jumbo shrimps. It opposes the rising cost of sophisticated automation and propagates the use of innovative and intelligent solutions at an affordable cost. The concept can be regarded as a collection of methodologies aiming at exploiting tolerance of imprecision or uncertainties to achieve tractability, robustness and, in the end, low cost solutions. Mathematically, elegant designs of automation systems are often not feasible because of neglecting real world problems, i.e. they are failure-prone and therefore often very expensive for their users.Low Cost Automation does not mean basic or poor performance control. The design of automation systems considers their life cycle with respect to their costs. For example, machine vision, despite in some cases costly components, properly applied can reduce the overall cost. It is used to guide field robots, identifying and assembling parts, and to sort out agricultural products.

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Doi, Tomoharu, Hisanobu Tamari, Tadashiro Kaneda, Toshitaka Umemoto, and Yasumasa Yoshitani. "Development of Simple Search Device by Person's Power." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 15, no. 5 (October 20, 2003): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2003.p0528.

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In recent years, attention has been paid to the application of robotics in accident or disaster sites with the possibility of secondary disasters. However most of the techniques employing robotics in such studies are highly advanced and expensive. The authors aim to design a robotic technique applicable to an actual site and propose a rescue robot that is intuitive and easy to operate and at relatively low cost. This report describes the development of a simple search device using human power that is one of the specific examples of such a robot.

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Souza, Marcos A. M., and José R. R. Duarte. "Low-cost educational robotics applied to physics teaching in Brazil." Physics Education 50, no. 4 (June 19, 2015): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/50/4/482.

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Weinberg, J. B., and Xudong Yu. "Robotics in education: Low-cost platforms for teaching integrated systems." IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 10, no. 2 (June 2003): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2003.1213610.

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Boyraz, Pinar, Svenja Tappe, Tobias Ortmaier, and Annika Raatz. "Design of a low-cost tactile robotic sleeve for autonomous endoscopes and catheters." Measurement and Control 53, no. 3-4 (January 24, 2020): 613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019895303.

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Recent developments in medical robotics have been significant, supporting the minimally invasive operation requirements, such as smaller devices and more feedback available to surgeons. Nevertheless, the tactile feedback from a catheter or endoscopic type robotic device has been restricted mostly on the tip of the device and was not aimed to support the autonomous movement of the medical device during operation. In this work, we design a robotic sheath/sleeve with a novel and more comprehensive approach, which can function for whole body or segment-based feedback control as well as diagnostic purposes. The robotic sleeve has several types of piezo-resistive pressure and extension sensors, which are embedded at several latitudes and depths of the silicone substrate. The sleeve takes the human skin as a biological model for its structure. It has a better tactile sensation of the inner tissues in the torturous narrow channels such as cardiovascular or endoluminal tracts in human body and thus can be used to diagnose abnormalities. In addition to this capability, using the stretch sensors distributed alongside its body, the robotic sheath/sleeve can perceive the ego-motion of the robotic backbone of the catheter and can act as a position feedback device. Because of the silicone substrate, the sleeve contributes toward safety of the medical device passively by providing a compliant interface. As an active safety measure, the robotic sheath can sense blood clots or sudden turns inside a channel and by modifying the local trajectory and can prevent embolisms or tissue rupture. In the future, advanced manufacturing techniques will increase the capabilities of the tactile robotic sleeve.

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González, Joseph, Itza Morales, Mel Nielsen, Lilia Muñoz, and Vladimir Villarreal. "Improving the Teaching of Mathematics through Robotics." Proceedings 31, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019031005.

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In our day to day, technology and robotics are increasingly present. Currently, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are undergoing a vertiginous development and this is affecting practically all fields of our society and education is no exception. On the other hand, the incorporation of robotics in the classroom aims to promote learning experiences where students acquire and develop skills to solve specific problems, which allow them to acquire new knowledge and give answers to the changing environment of today’s world. This article presents the progress in the development of a project where robotics is implemented for the teaching of mathematics in preschool and first grade students; three public schools were selected for this purpose, and a series of playful educational activities were developed, using low cost robotic tools.

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Gregory, Calvin, and Andrew Vardy. "microUSV: A low-cost platform for indoor marine swarm robotics research." HardwareX 7 (April 2020): e00105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00105.

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Carbone, Giuseppe, Aviral Shrot, and Marco Ceccarelli. "Operation Strategy for a Low-Cost Easy-Operation Cassino Hexapod." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 4, no. 4 (2007): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/327349.

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This paper presents operation strategies for a hexapod walking machine that has been designed and built at the Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics (LARM) at the University of Cassino. Special care has been addressed in proposing and describing a suitable mechanical design and architecture that can be easily operated by a PLC with on–off logic. Experimental tests are reported in order to show feasibility and operational capability of the proposed design.

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Walia, Kartikeya, Ahmed Khan, and Philip Breedon. "Polymer-Based Additive Manufacturing: Process Optimisation for Low-Cost Industrial Robotics Manufacture." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 2809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162809.

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The robotics design process can be complex with potentially multiple design iterations. The use of 3D printing is ideal for rapid prototyping and has conventionally been utilised in concept development and for exploring different design parameters that are ultimately used to meet an intended application or routine. During the initial stage of a robot development, exploiting 3D printing can provide design freedom, customisation and sustainability and ultimately lead to direct cost benefits. Traditionally, robot specifications are selected on the basis of being able to deliver a specific task. However, a robot that can be specified by design parameters linked to a distinctive task can be developed quickly, inexpensively, and with little overall risk utilising a 3D printing process. Numerous factors are inevitably important for the design of industrial robots using polymer-based additive manufacturing. However, with an extensive range of new polymer-based additive manufacturing techniques and materials, these could provide significant benefits for future robotics design and development.

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Matsushita, Kojiro, Hiroshi Yokoi, and Tamio Arai. "Plastic-Bottle-Based Robots in Educational Robotics Courses – Understanding Embodied Artificial Intelligence –." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 2 (April 20, 2007): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0212.

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In this paper, we introduce an educational robotics approach featuring a unique robotic development kit - hardware, software, and instructions - that concretely encourages student interest in and curiosity about science and technology. The kit was developed based on practical policies: easy construction, low cost, creative activity, and enjoyable education. It uses common materials such as plastic bottles, RC servomotors, and hot glue, and provides three different controllers with instructions - a sensor-motor controller, an electromyography (EMG) interface controller, and a teaching-playback controller. The kit thus offers more custom access to both robot structure and control architecture than similar kits and encourages students to become engaged creatively. The three robotics courses for undergraduates and graduates we have conducted thus far to provide an understanding of robotics and embodied artificial intelligence (AI) have confirmed that some of locomotive robots explicitly exploit their own dynamics - also known as “morph-functionality” - an embodied AI concept. An evaluation of this approach for course hours, task achievement, student interest, and the influence of assistance confirmed conclusively that students experienced creativity in such robotics courses.

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Jdeed, Midhat, Melanie Schranz, and Wilfried Elmenreich. "A study using the low-cost swarm robotics platform spiderino in education." Computers and Education Open 1 (December 2020): 100017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2020.100017.

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Archana, T., Srigitha S. Nath, and S. Praveenkumar. "Development of Robotic Arm Through Hand Gesture Recognition Using Leap Motion Sensor." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8461.

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The objective of this paper has been the development of a prototype of articulated Robotic arm and implementation of a control strategy for gesture recognition through (Leap motion sensor), by means the natural movement of the fore-arm and hand. The series of advances relative to the control techniques have caused that the robotics it has also introduced as an educational and complement in obligatory basic teachings. To develop and to control Robotic elements locally or remotely, it has always proven to be a clear example of additional motivation. The prototype developed has exceeded the initial expectations and at low cost.

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Freeman, M. R., M. M. Kashani, and P. J. Vardanega. "Aerial robotic technologies for civil engineering: established and emerging practice." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2020-0019.

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Aerial robotic technology has potential for use in a wide variety of civil engineering applications. Such technology potentially offers low-cost methods to replace expensive structural health monitoring activities such as visual inspection. Aerial robots also have potential uses in civil construction and for regional surveys. This paper presents the results of a review on the applications of aerial robotic technology in civil engineering. Such civil engineering applications can be classified into three broad areas: (i) monitoring and inspection of civil infrastructure; (ii) site management, robotic construction, and maintenance; and (iii) post-disaster response surveys and rapid damage assessments. The motivations for uptake of aerial robotics in the civil engineering industry generally fall into the following categories: (i) cost savings, (ii) improved measurement capability, and (iii) safety improvements. The categories of aerial robotic use in civil engineering are then classified as either “established” or “emerging” uses.

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Liu, Jiming. "Towards a virtual work-bench for robotics training." Robotica 14, no. 5 (September 1996): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700020051.

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SUMMARYLearning in the age of information superhighway necessitates a properly-developed efficient vehicle that is not only powerful in directing users to the needed information or to situate in a reality through virtual settings, but also controllable at the various comfortable paces. The goal of this project is to explore a new on-line medium for users to navigate at their own pace in the structured cyberspace—knowledge space composed of concepts, systems design, application-oriented case studies, up-to-date industrial news (trends and product review), and on-line robotic systems, and to use it as a robotics work-bench for conducting controllable experiments/simulations. Through such an electronic learning medium, users will be able to acquire a global outlook as well as an integrated understanding of modern robotics in a manner that is low-cost, time-and-place-free, and student-centered.

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Seo, Jungwon, Jamie Paik, and Mark Yim. "Modular Reconfigurable Robotics." Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 2, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-053018-023834.

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This article reviews the current state of the art in the development of modular reconfigurable robot (MRR) systems and suggests promising future research directions. A wide variety of MRR systems have been presented to date, and these robots promise to be versatile, robust, and low cost compared with other conventional robot systems. MRR systems thus have the potential to outperform traditional systems with a fixed morphology when carrying out tasks that require a high level of flexibility. We begin by introducing the taxonomy of MRRs based on their hardware architecture. We then examine recent progress in the hardware and the software technologies for MRRs, along with remaining technical issues. We conclude with a discussion of open challenges and future research directions.

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Hemapala, K. T. M. U., and Roberto P. Razzoli. "Design and Development of a Landmines Removal Robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50907.

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Humanitarian demining is a calamity of war affecting many third world countries. Mines are cheap weapons, built to sustain horrible injuries that target active people with a knock-on effect upon economic growth. The clearing is time consuming and expensive. Clearing is an engineering duty and the humanitarian goal is a technical challenge. Advanced robotics fulfils this task cleanly and reliably on the condition that upgrades and cost are met, meaning that they lose third-world appropriateness. The challenge is to turn local machines and awareness into effective robotic aids, willingly used by the local people, and to enhance the on-going outcomes. The solution to the demining problem shall be a low cost robotic outfit with resort to nearby available resources and competences (e.g., drawn from the local agricultural machinery and know-how). This paper discusses an ongoing project that aims to develop a low-cost robot with intelligent remote-command abilities, as a cheap productivity upgrading, assembled from standard farming devices, through the shared know-how and commitment of locally involved operators. During the study, the authors have developed a low-cost robot capable of removing mines. The robot consists of modified agricultural components including its mobile carrier and the mine effector.

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Sierotowicz, Marek, Mathilde Connan, and Claudio Castellini. "Human-In-The-Loop Assessment of an Ultralight, Low-Cost Body Posture Tracking Device." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030890.

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In rehabilitation, assistive and space robotics, the capability to track the body posture of a user in real time is highly desirable. In more specific cases, such as teleoperated extra-vehicular activity, prosthetics and home service robotics, the ideal posture-tracking device must also be wearable, light and low-power, while still enforcing the best possible accuracy. Additionally, the device must be targeted at effective human-machine interaction. In this paper, we present and test such a device based upon commercial inertial measurement units: it weighs 575 g in total, lasts up to 10.5 h of continual operation, can be donned and doffed in under a minute and costs less than 290 EUR. We assess the attainable performance in terms of error in an online trajectory-tracking task in Virtual Reality using the device through an experiment involving 10 subjects, showing that an average user can attain a precision of 0.66 cm during a static precision task and 6.33 cm while tracking a moving trajectory, when tested in the full peri-personal space of a user.

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Limosani, Raffaele, Alessandro Manzi, Alessandro Faggiani, Matteo Bianchi, Marco Pagliai, Alessandro Ridolfi, Benedetto Allotta, Paolo Dario, and Filippo Cavallo. "Low‐cost solution in international robotic challenge: Lessons learned by Tuscany Robotics Team at ERL Emergency Robots 2017." Journal of Field Robotics 36, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.21855.

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Papadimitriou, V., and E. Papadopoulos. "Putting low-cost commercial robotics components to the test - Development of an educational mechatronics/robotics platform using LEGO components." IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 14, no. 3 (September 2007): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2007.901322.

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Pérez Ubeda, Rodrigo, Santiago C. Gutiérrez Rubert, Ranko Zotovic Stanisic, and Ángel Perles Ivars. "Design and Manufacturing of an Ultra-Low-Cost Custom Torque Sensor for Robotics." Sensors 18, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18061786.

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Bautista, Anthony James C. "Blended Online and Offline Robotics Learning Program Using Low-Cost Mobile Educational Robot." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 1.1 S I (February 15, 2020): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/4991.12020.

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Inanc, Tamer, and Huan Dinh. "A low-cost autonomous mobile robotics experiment: Control, vision, sonar, and Handy Board." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 20, no. 2 (November 5, 2009): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.20386.

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Martin, Juan F., and Luciano Chiang. "Low cost vision system for an educational platform in artificial intelligence and robotics." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 10, no. 4 (2002): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.10026.

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NIA, AMIR MOOSAVIE, R. MIRZAJANI, and M. ESFALANI. "SUBTRACTIVE COMPOSITE SIMPSON METHOD FOR LOW COST INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 04 (June 2011): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007530.

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This paper presents a new method to decrease the error of real time numerical integration in an Inertial Navigation System (INS), which is widely used in aircrafts, spacecrafts, and field robotics. The well-known Runge–Kutta method is often used for real time numerical integration in INS algorithms. Here a combination of the composite Simpson's 1/3 and 3/8 rules is developed to effectively reduce the total integration error, named Subtractive Composite Simpson Method (SCSM). Also we propose a new method that efficiently reduces the error of the integrator block using the combination of a fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) and SCSM. Simulation results show one order of magnitude decrease in position error after double integration of acceleration value. Extra accuracy gain using this new method makes it possible to choose low cost inertial sensors to realize a low cost INS.

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dos Santos, Andreia, Nuno Pinela, Pedro Alves, Rodrigo Santos, Ricardo Farinha, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, Hugo Águas, and Rui Igreja. "E-Skin Bimodal Sensors for Robotics and Prosthesis Using PDMS Molds Engraved by Laser." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040899.

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Electronic skin (e-skin) is pursued as a key component in robotics and prosthesis to confer them sensing properties that mimic human skin. For pressure monitoring, a great emphasis on piezoresistive sensors was registered due to the simplicity of sensor design and readout mechanism. For higher sensitivity, films composing these sensors may be micro-structured, usually by expensive photolithography techniques or low-cost and low-customizable molds. Sensors commonly present different sensitivities in different pressure ranges, which should be avoided in robotics and prosthesis applications. The combination of pressure sensing and temperature is also relevant for the field and has room for improvement. This work proposes an alternative approach for film micro-structuration based on the production of highly customizable and low-cost molds through laser engraving. These bimodal e-skin piezoresistive and temperature sensors could achieve a stable sensitivity of −6.4 × 10−3 kPa−1 from 1.6 kPa to 100 kPa, with a very robust and reproducible performance over 27,500 cycles of objects grasping and releasing and an exceptionally high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 8.3%/°C. These results point toward the versatility and high benefit/cost ratio of the laser engraving technique to produce sensors with a suitable performance for robotics and functional prosthesis.

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Villaseñor, Carlos, Nancy Arana-Daniel, Alma Alanis, Carlos Lopez-Franco, and Javier Gomez-Avila. "Multiellipsoidal Mapping Algorithm." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081239.

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The robotic mapping problem, which consists in providing a spatial model of the environment to a robot, is a research topic with a wide range of applications. One important challenge of this problem is to obtain a map that is information-rich (i.e., a map that preserves main structures of the environment and object shapes) yet still has a low memory cost. Point clouds offer a highly descriptive and information-rich environmental representation; accordingly, many algorithms have been developed to approximate point clouds and lower the memory cost. In recent years, approaches using basic and “simple” (i.e., using only planes or spheres) geometric entities for approximating point clouds have been shown to provide accurate representations at low memory cost. However, a better approximation can be implemented if more complex geometric entities are used. In the present paper, a new object-mapping algorithm is introduced for approximating point clouds with multiple ellipsoids and other quadratic surfaces. We show that this algorithm creates maps that are rich in information yet low in memory cost and have features suitable for other robotics problems such as navigation and pose estimation.

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Wang, Wei, Yan Zhuang, and Wei-min Yun. "Innovative control education using a low cost intelligent robot platform." Robotica 21, no. 3 (May 13, 2003): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574702004782.

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With the fast development of the control theory and engineering, robotics and artificial intelligence have become the focus in the field of intelligent systems. But research in this field is based on a series of experiments and requires various robot platforms which are often unaffordable by the universities in developing countries. The intention of this paper is to present the idea of applying innovative control education and building a laboratory using low cost equipments. In this paper the architecture and control system of a new kind of low cost intelligent robot, “Ability Storm”, is introduced. It not only shows the technical aspect, but also illustrates the related applications in control education. The versatility and effectiveness of this affordable intelligent robot platform are demonstrated through a number of experiments, including both basic laboratory experiments and other innovative project-oriented design, such as robot fire fighting, which clearly show the practicality and robustness of this cost-effective robot platform.

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Mamone, Virginia, Sara Condino, Fabrizio Cutolo, Izadyar Tamadon, Arianna Menciassi, Michele Murzi, Mauro Ferrari, and Vincenzo Ferrari. "Low-Computational Cost Stitching Method in a Three-Eyed Endoscope." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2019 (June 17, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5613931.

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Aortic valve replacement is the only definitive treatment for aortic stenosis, a highly prevalent condition in elderly population. Minimally invasive surgery brought numerous benefits to this intervention, and robotics recently provided additional improvements in terms of telemanipulation, motion scaling, and smaller incisions. Difficulties in obtaining a clear and wide field of vision is a major challenge in minimally invasive aortic valve surgery: surgeon orientates with difficulty because of lack of direct view and limited spaces. This work focuses on the development of a computer vision methodology, for a three-eyed endoscopic vision system, to ease minimally invasive instrument guidance during aortic valve surgery. Specifically, it presents an efficient image stitching method to improve spatial awareness and overcome the orientation problems which arise when cameras are decentralized with respect to the main axis of the aorta and are nonparallel oriented. The proposed approach was tested for the navigation of an innovative robotic system for minimally invasive valve surgery. Based on the specific geometry of the setup and the intrinsic parameters of the three cameras, we estimate the proper plane-induced homographic transformation that merges the views of the operatory site plane into a single stitched image. To evaluate the deviation from the image correct alignment, we performed quantitative tests by stitching a chessboard pattern. The tests showed a minimum error with respect to the image size of 0.46 ± 0.15% measured at the homography distance of 40 mm and a maximum error of 6.09 ± 0.23% at the maximum offset of 10 mm. Three experienced surgeons in aortic valve replacement by mini-sternotomy and mini-thoracotomy performed experimental tests based on the comparison of navigation and orientation capabilities in a silicone aorta with and without stitched image. The tests showed that the stitched image allows for good orientation and navigation within the aorta, and furthermore, it provides more safety while releasing the valve than driving from the three separate views. The average processing time for the stitching of three views into one image is 12.6 ms, proving that the method is not computationally expensive, thus leaving space for further real-time processing.

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Minh, Vu Trieu, Nikita Katushin, and John Pumwa. "Motion tracking glove for augmented reality and virtual reality." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2019-0012.

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AbstractThis project designs a smart glove, which can be used for motion tracking in real time to a 3D virtual robotic arm in a PC. The glove is low cost with the price of less than 100 € and uses only internal measurement unit for students to develop their projects on augmented and virtual reality applications. Movement data from the glove is transferred to the PC via UART DMA. The data is set as the motion reference path for the 3D virtual robotic arm to follow. APID feedback controller controls the 3D virtual robot to track exactly the haptic glove movement with zero error in real time. This glove can be used also for remote control, tele-robotics and tele-operation systems.

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Qureshi, Basit, Yasir Javed, Anis Koubâa, Mohamed-Foued Sriti, and Maram Alajlan. "Performance of a Low Cost Hadoop Cluster for Image Analysis in Cloud Robotics Environment." Procedia Computer Science 82 (2016): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.04.013.

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Vareille, Jean, David Espes, Yvon Autret, and Philippe Le Parc. "Low-Cost High-Tech Robotics for Ambient Assisted Living: From Experiments to a Methodology." Journal of Intelligent Systems 25, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2015-0020.

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AbstractAging of the population in developed countries is an important challenge to overcome. Robots have a role to play to offer solutions to old and dependent persons and also to their families and carers. We investigated low-cost high-tech robotics in order to offer affordable mobile robots that could be used in the context of ambient assisted living (AAL). We used a bottom–up approach and tried different technical solutions in order to propose an efficient prototype. Results of this experimental work are presented in the first part of this paper. From the different experiments we carried out, we felt the need to use a top–down approach that could be used to develop such robots and also any system that requires the use of mechanical, electronic, and software components. In the second part of this paper, we present the X-methodology and try to show its use in our AAL context.

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Paunski, Yasen K., and Georgi Ts Angelov. "Performance and power consumption analysis of low-cost single board computers in educational robotics." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 25 (2019): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.12.575.

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Liu, Zheyu, Craig West, Barry Lennox, and Farshad Arvin. "Local Bearing Estimation for a Swarm of Low-Cost Miniature Robots." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113308.

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Swarm robotics focuses on decentralised control of large numbers of simple robots with limited capabilities. Decentralised control in a swarm system requires a reliable communication link between the individuals that is able to provide linear and angular distances between the individuals—Range & Bearing. This study presents the development of an open-source, low-cost communication module which can be attached to miniature sized robots; e.g., Mona. In this study, we only focused on bearing estimation to mathematically model the bearings of neighbouring robots through systematic experiments using real robots. In addition, the model parameters were optimised using a genetic algorithm to provide a reliable and precise model that can be applied for all robots in a swarm. For further investigation and improvement of the system, an additional layer of optimisation on the hardware layout was implemented. The results from the optimisation suggested a new arrangement of the sensors with slight angular displacements on the developed board. The precision of bearing was significantly improved by optimising in both software level and re-arrangement of the sensors’ positions on the hardware layout.

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Uddin, Nur. "A Development of Low Cost Wi-Fi Robot for Teaching Aid." JURNAL INFOTEL 12, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v12i2.471.

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A low-cost Wi-Fi robot as a teaching equipment is developed. The robot can be used to teach students in the subjects related to robotics system and internet of things (IoT). A Wi-Fi robot is a robot equipped with a Wi-Fi communication system for connecting to the internet. Integrating the robot with an IoT platform makes the robot able to communicate with other devices. The developed Wi-Fi robot in this study is a three-wheeled robot type. A NodeMCU ESP-12, which is a microcontroller equipped with Wi-Fi module, is applied in the robot. The robot is connected to the Blynk IoT platform and paired to a smartphone. It results in communication between the robot and the smartphone through the internet. The communication is demonstrated by remotely operating the robot using the smartphone. Mechanical structure and electronic wiring of the robot are simple such that the robot is easily built. Moreover, the cost of required components for building the robot is quite cheap as less than USD 20.

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Len Keeler, M., and Keith A. Brugger. "A method for recording ice ablation using a low-cost ultrasonic rangefinder." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 209 (2012): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j153.

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AbstractWe have adapted inexpensive ultrasonic rangefinders to measure ablation rates on the surface of a glacier. While ultrasonic rangers are commercially available for this purpose, our goal was to utilize rangefinders typically used in hobby robotics without significantly compromising performance. To correct for environmental factors that affect the speed of sound we use two ultrasonic rangefinders, one focused on a fixed target. Measurements of ablation correlate well with manual measurements with an uncertainty of about ±3 cm, suggesting an accuracy comparable with other non-manual methods of recording ablation. The limitations of our rangefinder include those inherent in commercially available units as well as having less acoustical power, which results in a reduced effective range of the sensor (~2 m) and difficulties in detecting surfaces lying below low-density snow. Our sensor design provides a cost-effective means of increasing the spatial coverage of ice ablation measurements.

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Silva, Natalia Rodrigues da, Renato César da Silva, and Edivaldo Romanini. "A ROBÓTICA COMO UM INSTRUMENTO FACILITADOR DE ENSINO:UMA APLICAÇÃO NO ESTUDO DE TRIÂNGULOS." Colloquium Exactarum, Vol.11 N.4 11, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2019.v11.n4.e295.

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Robotics currently occupies a prominent position in the educational scenario, used as a new teaching methodology, it is inserted in many schools. As this is a new technology investment tends to be high and consequently there are still schools that did not have access to this method. With this in mind, our goal was to propose a project that combines low cost and yet provides a great benefit in student learning. Our work was developed following the Free Robotics methodology that uses the Arduino UNO board, as it is a low cost material and easy to work. The constructed project will have the following functions: read the three-segment measurement using an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), verify whether or not these measurements form a triangle, and form, classify the triangle's type, calculate its perimeter, its area and finally also provide the values of the internal angles of the triangle.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Low-cost robotics'

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