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1
Xie, Yongqun, Queju Tong, Yan Chen, Jinghong Liu, and Ming Lin. "Manufacture and properties of ultra-low density fibreboard from wood fibre." BioResources 6, no. 4 (2011): 4055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.4055-4066.
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This study described a process of making ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF) and investigated the properties of samples of ultra-low density fibreboard made from wood fiber using a liquid frothing approach. The fiberboard had a density of 56.3 kg/m3 and a layered cross-linked interior structure. Density profiles showed a relatively high density in the surface layers and low density in the core layer. The results showed that the fiberboard had an internal bond strength of 0.15 MPa, a modulus of rupture of 0.70 MPa, a modulus of elasticity of 8.91 MPa, and a compressive strength of 0.17 MPa at 10% deformation. Thickness swelling after 24 hours water immersion was 0.57%. It had a low thermal conductivity of 0.035 W/mK, and a high sound reduction coefficient of 0.67. Resin was uniformly distributed on the fiber surface. The fiberboard can be used as buffer material for packaging and insulation material for building.
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Hasanah, Moraida, Tengku Jukdin Saktisahdan, Susilawati Susilawati, Frannoto Frannoto, Adjie Padriansyah, and Irfan Hafizh. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Palm Frond-based Fiberboard Composite." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 32, no. 5 (2024): 2313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.5.21.
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Novel research has been conducted to characterize fiberboards made from palm frond fibers and polyester resin. In this study, polyester resin served as the matrix, and palm frond fibers with a size of 80 mesh were employed as the filler. The fiberboard composites were produced using a hot press at 70°C for 20 minutes, with varying mass compositions of polyester resin to palm frond fibers: S1 (60%:40%), S2 (65%:35%), S3 (70%:30%), S4 (75%:25%), and S5 (80%:20%). Parameters observed include physical properties (density and porosity), mechanical properties (impact, tensile, and flexural strength), and microstructure analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that S5 exhibits optimal properties, including a density value of 1.197 g/mL, low porosity at 0.232%, and mechanical characteristics with an impact strength of 271.251 J/m2, tensile strength of 23.221 MPa, and flexural strength of 149.837 MPa. However, according to the DSC data, S1 stands out with a higher temperature water evaporating point at 82.48°C, indicating greater thermal stability. In addition, SEM results for the S5 sample reveal minimal voids, enhancing the fiberboard composites’ physical and mechanical properties and demonstrating high stability. This fiberboard can be classified as a High-Density Fiberboard (HDF) according to JIS A 5905:2003. It is a viable alternative for household furniture, offering a substitute for traditional wood.
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Kureli, Ihsan, and Nihat Dongel. "Effect of the Layer Structure of Wooden Floorings on Dimensional Mobility under Different Relative Humidity and Water Retention Conditions." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 1 (2020): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-19-00025.
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Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of different wood flooring layer structures and surface features on water intake, shrinkage, and swelling rates under different relative humidity and water retention conditions. Nine wood flooring sample types were tested: solid wood beech (Fagus orientalis L.) flooring covered with polyurethane varnish, four engineered wood flooring types having different core-layers (solid-wood poplar (Populus nigra L.), 2× medium-density fiberboard, and plywood) covered with ultraviolet dried polyurethane varnish on beech veneer, and four laminated wood flooring types having different core layers (high-density fiberboard, medium-density fiberboard, particleboard, and plywood). The results showed the lowest water retention increase rates for 2 and 24 hours in the high-density fiberboard and medium-density fiberboard core-layered laminated wood floorings. The lowest thickness swelling rate occurred in the laminated wood flooring with a plywood core layer during exposure to high relative humidity, whereas the lowest swelling rate in the width dimension occurred for laminated wood flooring compared with other product types. The lowest thickness shrinkage rate was in the poplar core-layered engineered wood flooring, whereas the lowest shrinkage rate in the width direction was in the medium-density fiberboard core-layered engineered wood flooring and plywood core-layered laminated wood flooring at lower relative humidities. In conclusion, high-density fiberboard and medium-density fiberboard core-layered laminated wood floorings are advisable for flooring exposed to a humid environment. All laminated wood flooring types provided good resistance to swelling. The plywood core-layered laminated wood floorings, poplar, and medium-density fiberboard core-layered engineered wood flooring types performed the best for low-humidity environments.
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Kawasaki, Tarnami, Min Zhang, and Shuichi Kawai. "Sandwich panel of veneer-overlaid low-density fiberboard." Journal of Wood Science 45, no. 4 (1999): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00833493.
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Kawasaki, Tamami, Min Zhang, and Shuichi Kawai. "Manufacture and properties of ultra-low-density fiberboard." Journal of Wood Science 44, no. 5 (1998): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01130447.
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Moezzipour, Bita, and Aida Moezzipour. "Thermal Behavior of Insulation Fiberboards Made from MDF and Paper Wastes." Drvna industrija 72, no. 3 (2021): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2019.
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Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.
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Yana, Debi, Ropiqotul Husna, Intan Kusmawati, Delovita Ginting, Romi Fadli Syahputra, and Erman Taer. "FABRICATION OF THERMAL BIO-INSULATOR FROM OIL PALM TRUNK FIBER: ANALYSIS OF THERMAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." Indonesian Physical Review 7, no. 2 (2024): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v7i2.279.
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The majority of air conditioning systems, including both cooling and heating systems, consume a significant amount of electrical energy as a result of their high electrical consumption and prolonged periods of operation. The use of thermal insulation materials in the building can help conserve electrical energy used for room conditioning systems. Natural fibers are used as an alternative in the production of thermal insulation, which is commonly referred to as bio-insulators. The utilization of oil palm trunk (OPT) fiber as the primary material for thermal insulation shows promise. This study aims to determine the specific attributes of OPT fiberboard that make it suitable for use as a thermal bio-insulator. The features examined encompass physical, mechanical, thermal, and fire-resistant attributes. The OPT fiber underwent a treatment process involving boiling at a temperature of 80℃ for a duration of 30 minutes. The fiberboard is manufactured using epoxy adhesive and calcium carbonate additive, and then printed using the hand lay-up process and cold-compaction technique. The physical characteristics of fiberboard indicate that there is a direct relationship between its density and water absorption. Testing revealed that fiberboard has a low thermal conductivity and high heat capacity value. By including calcium carbonate, the burning time of the fiberboard was tested and seen to decrease, indicating a delay in the fiberboard burning process, as evidenced by the extended flame suppression time. The density of OPT fiberboard varies between 0.48 and 0.70 gr/cm3. The absorbency of water is inversely related to its density. Water absorption capacity generally rises with decreased density. The obtained heat capacity value is 1.28-2.38 J⁄(g℃). The mechanical value ranges from 1.00 to 3.55 MPa. The incorporation of calcium carbonate significantly impacts the thermal and mechanical characteristics of the fiberboard. The produced OPT fiberboard satisfies the requirements for good thermal, physical, and mechanical characteristics, making it a suitable bio-insulation material for buildings.
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Mancera, Camilo, Nour-Eddine El Mansouri, Fabiola Vilaseca, Francesc Ferrando, and Joan Salvado. "The effect of lignin as a natural adhesive on the physico-mechanical properties of Vitis vinifera fiberboards." BioResources 6, no. 3 (2011): 2851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.3.2851-2860.
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Lignin was used as a natural adhesive to manufacture Vitis vinifera fiberboards. The fiberboards were produced at laboratory scale by adding powdered lignin to material that had previously been steam-exploded under optimized pretreatment and pressing conditions. The kraft lignin used was washed several times with an acidic solution to eliminate any contaminants and low molecular weight compounds. This research studied the effects of amounts of lignin ranging from 5% to 20% on the properties of Vitis vinifera fiberboards. The fiberboard properties evaluated were density, water resistance in terms of thickness swelling, water absorption, and the mechanical properties in terms of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond. Results showed that fiberboards made from Vitis vinifera without lignin addition had weaker mechanical properties. However, the fiberboards obtained using acid-washed kraft lignin as a natural adhesive had good mechanical and water resistance properties that fully satisfied the relevant standard specifications.
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Park, Se-Hwi, Min Lee, Pureun-Narae Seo, Eun-Chang Kang, and Chun-Won Kang. "Acoustical properties of wood fiberboards prepared with different densities and resin contents." BioResources 15, no. 3 (2020): 5291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5291-5304.
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The demand for noise control in residential environments is steadily increasing, but the currently available noise-reducing materials used in walls and floors are unsustainable and expensive. As an alternative, wood-fiber could be a good resource to manufacture eco-friendly acoustic materials. In this study, fiberboards were prepared by mixing wood-fibers (Pinus densiflora) with melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive, obtaining specimens with different final densities and resin contents. The acoustic, physical, and morphological properties of the fiberboards were investigated. The sound absorption was greatly influenced by the density of the fiberboard: lower densities showed higher sound absorption performances. Furthermore, the low-frequency absorption coefficient was higher for lower resin contents. The materials met all the criteria required by the Korean standards for fiberboards. As the density increased, the dimensional stability and the bending strength increased; in contrast, the physical properties were not affected by the resin content. Microscopy observations confirmed that specimens with different densities and resin contents had different porosities; the porosity was assumed to be the main property that governs the noise-reducing ability. Due to their eco-friendliness and inexpensiveness, these fiberboards offer themselves as efficient and effective alternative sound-absorbing materials.
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Chen, Tingjie, Min Niu, Xiaodong Wang, Wei Wei, Jinghong Liu, and Yongqun Xie. "Synthesis and characterization of poly-aluminum silicate sulphate (PASS) for ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF)." RSC Advances 5, no. 113 (2015): 93187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13996a.
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Chen, Tingjie, Zhenzeng Wu, Wei Wei, et al. "Hybrid composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Si–Al for improving the properties of ultra-low density fiberboard (ULDF)." RSC Advances 6, no. 25 (2016): 20706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26868k.
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Doosthoseini, Kazem, Hamid Zarea-Hosseinabadi, and Payam Moradpour. "Low resin medium density fiberboard made from chemical activated hardwoods fibers." Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 7, no. 1-2 (2010): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13196-011-0008-5.
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Antov, Petar, Viktor Savov, Ľuboš Krišťák, Roman Réh, and George I. Mantanis. "Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate." Polymers 13, no. 2 (2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020220.
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The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.
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Antov, Petar, Viktor Savov, Ľuboš Krišťák, Roman Réh, and George I. Mantanis. "Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate." Polymers 13, no. 2 (2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020220.
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The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.
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Fuczek, Dorota, Magdalena Czajka, Jarosław Szuta, Krystian Szutkowski, and Patrycja Kwaśniewska-Sip. "VOC Emission from Lightweight Wood Fiber Insulation Board." Forests 14, no. 7 (2023): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14071300.
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The aim of the presented research work was to determine and analyze emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from experimental lightweight wood fiber insulation board produced in dry technology. Until now, there have been no rigid insulation materials made of wood fibers produced in such low density and made in dry technology. Among the typical parameters such as thermal conductivity and the mechanical performance of the lightweight board, attention was also paid to their influence on indoor air quality. Therefore, an attempt was made to determine the kind of substances emitting from wood fiber insulation boards produced at defined production parameters as well as the dynamics of emission reduction over time. Additionally, the influence of fire retardants used for protection against lightweight wood fiberboard fires on the emission of VOCs was analyzed. Tests on VOC emissions were carried out using the chamber method according to the applicable ISO 16000 standards. The main components emitting from lightweight insulation fiberboards were acetic acid and aldehydes such as pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, furfural, and benzaldehyde. The percentage of acetic acid in total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) was within the limits of 17% to 65%. From the aldehydes group, the most concerning substance was furfural due to a very strict limit value. In the presented research, depending on the variant, the emission of furfural was from 0 up to 10 µg/m3 after 28 days of measurement. Other substances such as terpenes or aromatic hydrocarbons were at a very low level. The reduction in VOCs over a period of 28 days was significant in most cases from 22% up to 61%. The tests carried out also showed a substantial impact of fire retardant, used in the production of lightweight insulation fiberboard, on the emission of VOCs from fiberboards, and thus on their quality.
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Czaplicka, Marianna, Justyna Klyta, Bogusław Komosiński, Tomasz Konieczny, and Katarzyna Janoszka. "Comparison of Carbonaceous Compounds Emission from the Co-Combustion of Coal and Waste in Boilers Used in Residential Heating in Poland, Central Europe." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175326.
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In this study, the effect of the addition of waste on the emissions from coal co-combustion was investigated. Coal was co-combusted with different additions of medium-density fiberboard and polyethylene terephthalate plastic (10 and 50%), in a low-power boiler (18 W). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, alkylphenols, phthalates, and biomass burning markers emissions were determined. Gas chromatography, coupled with a mass spectrometry detector, was used to analyze these compounds in particulate matter and gas phase, after extraction and derivatization. The emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the highest among all the compounds determined. The total emission of these compounds was 215.1 mg/kg for coal, and 637.7 and 948.3 mg/kg for a 10 and 50% additive of polyethylene terephthalate plastic, respectively. For the 10 and 50% additive of medium-density fiberboard, the total emission was 474.2 and 464.0 mg/kg, respectively. The 50% addition of PET also had the highest emissions of phenols (638.5 mg/kg), alkylphenols (246.5 mg/kg), and phthalates (18.1 mg/kg), except for biomass burning markers, where the emissions were the highest for the 50% addition of medium-density fiberboard (541.3 mg/kg). In our opinion, the obtained results are insufficient for the identification of source apportionment from household heating.
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Kim, Cheong, Jae-Young Her, and Kwang-Geun Lee. "Effect of Corrugation Fluting on the Compressive Strength of Corrugated Fiberboard Box for Food Packaging." Food Engineering Progress 14, no. 2 (2010): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2010.14.2.106.
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In this study, we performed corrugation fluting experiments to examine the relationship between high-low corrugation of a corrugated medium and compressive strength of corrugated containers for food packaging. A low-grade corrugated medium was found to suffer from weak tensile resistance and to be prone to stealing, which tends to produce low corrugation. In contrast, a medium with a large corrugation deviation often caused slimming during fluting and produced irregular corrugations. Experiments of high-low corrugation distribution according to corrugated medium grades indicate that a high grade medium shows a smaller ratio of low corrugation. The thickness of corrugated fiberboard is weakly correlated to the basis weight of medium, yet positively correlated to the medium thickness (y=3.9732x+4.2712, R2=0.8142) and inversely proportional to the medium density (y=-3.1213x+6.8736, R2=0.9919). Compressive strength of a corrugated fiberboard box is low, if made of corrugated medium with large low corrugation distribution. Compressive strength showed 13% variation with respect to medium grades and 21% variation for various test samples. The corrugation fluting of a corrugated medium is related to physical properties such as basis thickness and density.
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Zhu, Zhao-Long, Wei-Hang Dong, Xiao-Dong (Alice) Wang, Xiao-Lei Guo, and Zhan-Wen Wu. "Noise Characteristics of Tungsten Circular Blade During Sawing of Medium Density Fiberboard." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 9 (2021): 1781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4069.
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This work deals with the noise generated from sawing processes of medium density fiberboard, where special attention was given to the changes in sawing noise at different cutting conditions when using circular saws with varied radial slots. The experimental results gave the following insights: The noise level in idling is positively related to the spindle speed. According to the noise power spectra, whistling noise is found during sawing processes, which is mainly caused by self-excited vibration of saw, and it had directivity. Furthermore, the radial slots have a different positive contribution to the noise reduction during idling, but has limited effect on the noise in cutting. In order to reduce the noise pollution induced by sawing, it was proposed to use circular saws with radial slots and copper plugged in its bottom for sawing of medium density fiberboard, in respect to low noise level and avoiding whistling noise.
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Valcheva, Liliana, and Viktor Savov. "The Effect of Thickness of Medium Density Fiberboard Produced of Hardwood Tree Species on their Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties." Key Engineering Materials 688 (April 2016): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.688.115.
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In Bulgaria, there is sufficient raw material as well as established technologies for fiberboard production of hardwood tree species. In general, MDF production from such raw-material is characterized by a number of technological difficulties mainly related to low compression ratio and smaller slenderness of fiber elements. The presented scientific experiments cover characteristic features and the effect of different thicknesses on the production of MDF from hardwood tree species – beech (Fagus silvatica L) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L). The experimental matrix and regime factors of hot-pressing are in correlation with thicknesses of boards. The regression models describing the effect of thicknesses on main properties of medium-density fiberboard are deduced and analyzed from the output data and the proper conclusions are made.
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Zhang, Yang, and Zhi Ming Yu. "Effects of Closure Phase on Vertical Density Profile of Fiberboard." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2770.
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Studying the vertical density profile (VDP) forming progress of fiberboard helps understand and improve the hot-pressing technology. The presented work aims to investigate the effects of coreline temperature and thickness curve on VDP by changing hot-pressing curve and moisture content of mat. In doing so, it was hoped to study the VDP forming progress and manufacture “Steep-Flat” VDP and “Flat” VDP fiberboard. The results indicated that Closure phase of traditional hot-pressing curve failed to alter shape of mat thickness curve which control the shape of VDP. The mat manufactured by traditional hot-pressing curve was “Steep” VDP and could not manufacture “Steep-Flat” VDP and “Flat” VDP; Closure phase of “high-low-high” hot-pressing curve could be separated into rapid compression stage, thickness expansion stage, and second compression stage. The density of surface layer formed at rapid compression stage and decided by first high-pressure. The density gradient between surface layer and core layer formed at thickness expansion stage and decided by expansion time. The density of surface layer formed at rapid compression stage and decided by second high-pressure. The “Steep-Flat” VDP and the “Flat” VDP could manufactured by modulated moisture content of mat, first high-pressure, expansion time, second high-pressure.
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Chu, Jie, and Anuj Kumar. "Assessment of wood industrial pollutants based on emission coefficients in China." Holzforschung 74, no. 11 (2020): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0201.
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AbstractThe implementation of circular economy in wood industries is an effective way for future sustainable development. The wood industries in China are not in the direction of circular economy approach due to less availability of assessment/calculation data of pollutants as per life cycle assessment (LCA) criteria. The present study focuses on the calculation of emission and pollutants from wood industries as per LCA; the emission and pollution data were collected from fiberboard Medium-density fiberboard (MDF), plywood and particleboard (PB) production. The comparative analysis of dust emissions, industrial waste gases and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were performed among three wood industries. The results revealed that the fiberboard industry was the highest emitter of dust, industrial waste gas and COD; and particleboard industry was the least emitter. Further, results indicated that pollutant index of wood industries were significantly changed between 2015 and 2017; the industrial waste water discharge increased five folds and the COD, dust and industrial gases increased two times. This study provides with the emission and pollutants data of wood industries as per LCA to promote the sustainable development for circular and low carbon economics.
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Lee, Min, Eun-Chang Kang, and Sang-Min Lee. "Effects of different flame-retardant treatments on the sound absorption properties of low-density fiberboard." BioResources 18, no. 3 (2023): 5859–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.3.5859-5872.
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Internal finishing materials for large auditoriums or public facilities are regulated in South Korea to ensure their flame-retardant performance. Flame-retardant treatment of low-density fiberboard (LDF), an eco-friendly material, was performed to expand its use as a sound absorber by improving its fire safety. In this study, an LDF with a target density of 0.15 g/cm3 was prepared from radiata pine wood fibers and melamine–urea–formaldehyde resin, and recommended amounts of commercially available flame retardants (liquid type) were applied immediately after hot pressing. A powder-type flame retardant was blended with the resin used in LDF manufacture. The surface color and material changed partially depending on the flame-retardant type. The external application method slightly increased the moisture content and density, but it did not affect the physical properties of the LDF. The flame-retardant treatment reduced the emission of formaldehyde, as a scavenger. After treatment, the char area and char length of the LDFs decreased significantly to 9.42–23.64%, and 6.11–11.91%, respectively. The sound absorption performance of the flame-retardant-treated LDFs improved 4.08–9.11%, while their thermal-insulation performance remained unaffected. The flame-retardant-treated LDFs satisfy the regulation of flame retardancy, while maintaining sound absorption and thermal insulation functions.
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Valarmathi, T. N., K. Palanikumar, and S. Sekar. "Thrust Force Studies in Drilling of Medium Density Fiberboard Panels." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1285.
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Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is an engineered wood generally used in wooden industries. Drilling is the most frequently used machining operation in the assembly of furniture working. During drilling cutting forces are developed. These cutting forces are affecting the surface qualities and also causes delamination damage. The cutting conditions and the process parameters play an important role in controlling the cutting forces. The objective of this work is to study the influence of cutting parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and point angle to reduce the cutting forces developed during drilling. Drilling tests are conducted using Taguchi design of experiments. The mathematical model is developed using response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the influence of spindle speed, feed rate and point angle on thrust force. It is seen that high spindle speed with low feed rate combination gives better results in drilling of MDF panels.
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Perré, Patrick, Romain Rémond, and Giana Almeida. "Multiscale analysis of water vapor diffusion in low density fiberboard: Implications as a building material." Construction and Building Materials 329 (April 2022): 127047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127047.
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Zhang, Jie, Sha Li, and Xiao Ming Qian. "Processing Parameter Optimization of Flax Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1541.
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Fiber reinforced composites have been an important way to utilize agriculture plant fibers. Flax fiber is plant fiber and strong, biodegradable, anti-fungi and bacterial. Flax fiber reinforced PP fiberboard is thermoplastic with the advantages of low density, low cost, low energy consumption, and recyclable. The influences of flax / PP fiber blending ratio, molding temperature, molding time on the mechanical properties of flax / PP board were carefully investigated. After mathematical manipulations and experimental validation, it was found that the thermoplastic composite board had maximum tensile and bending strengths when the flax fibers were at 50% of the total weight, the molding temperature was 181 ， and the molding time was 48 minutes.
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Putra Pangestu, Kidung Tirtayasa, Christina Dekawati Putri Lingga, and Wayan Darmawan. "Peningkatan Masa Pakai Pisau Gergaji Tungsten Carbide Berpelapis dalam Pemotongan Medium Density Fiberboard." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 28, no. 2 (2023): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.28.2.222.
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The scarcity and high cost of high-quality sawn timber has resulted in the switching of furniture industry to using composite wood such as medium density fiberboard (MDF) as the raw material for its products. One of the factors that affect production costs and product quality in the furniture industry is the quality of the cutting tool used in the cutting operation. The quality of the cutting tool could be improved through the addition of coatings on the surface of cutting tool (surface coating). The purpose of this study was to determine the life time of AlCrN, TiAlN, and TiN coated tungsten carbide (TC) tools in cutting MDF. Cutting operations were performed on a computer numerical control (CNC) router machine at feed per revolution (Frev) of 0,10, 0,15, 0,20, and 0,30 mm/rev. The TC cutting tool life was determined based on its wear and was calculated using the Taylor tool life formula. The results showed that coated TC cutting tool provided a better wear resistance and longer life than uncoated TC cutting tool. The low of Frev set in cutting MDF resulted in a lower wear and longer life of cutting tool. AlCrN coated TC cutting tool provided the best wear resistance and longest life, thus it promising to be developed and used in cutting MDF.
 
 Keywords: coated cutting tool, medium density fiberboard, surface coating, tool life, wear
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Chen, Tingjie, Zhenzeng Wu, Min Niu, Yongqun Xie, and Xiaodong Wang. "Effect of Si–Al molar ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-low density fiberboard." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 74, no. 2 (2015): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-015-0986-x.
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Li, Zhihui, Xinglai Qi, Shiwei Lan, et al. "Optimizing properties of ultra-low-density fiberboard via response surface methodology and evaluating the addition of a coupling agent." BioResources 14, no. 2 (2019): 4373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.4373-4384.
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The main production process parameters of ultra-low-density fiberboard (UDF) were selected by use of response surface methodology, and then the properties of UDF were improved by adding a coupling agent. Microstructures and chemical bonding in UDF were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the desirable process parameters for UDF production were the amount of urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive (18%), the hot pressing temperature (170 °C), the hot pressing time (200 s), and the amount of KH560 coupling agent added (1%). The main physical and mechanical properties of UDF obtained included internal bond strength (0.59 MPa), modulus of rupture (19.8 MPa), and 24h thickness swelling (10.0%). These properties exceeded the requirements of ISO 16895 (2016).
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Stanescu, Marius Marinel, Dumitru Bolcu, Cosmin Mihai Miritoiu, Ion Ciuca, Alexandru Bolcu, and Ioan Alexandru Radoi. "The Study of Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Composites with a Hybrid Resin Matrix Based on Dammar, a Core of Chopped Corn Cobs and Natural Fabric Faces. Applications in the Furniture Industry." Materiale Plastice 61, no. 3 (2024): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.24.3.5735.
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From the desire to produce environmentally friendly composites, sandwich composites with a matrix made of a Dammar-based hybrid resin, a core of chopped corn cobs, and faces made of natural fabrics were cast and researched in terms of their mechanical properties. The low production cost and the mechanical characteristic values obtained for these sandwich composites have shown that they represent an alternative to MDF, or PAL (Medium Density Fiberboard, or Chipboard). As an application, two elements of a bathroom cabinet were made. The cabinet was exposed to a high-humidity environment, and it was found that the humidity level did not cause any changes in shape or appearance of the elements made from the sandwich composite.
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Hou, Qing Quan, Hai Peng Yu, Jin Man Wang, and Ming Hui Guo. "Research on Influence Factors of Absorption Performance for Wooden Perforated Panels." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1959.
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Standing wave tube was used to test the sound absorption abilities and analyze the influence factors of perforated medium density fiberboard (MDF). The test results show that bore diameter, perforated rate and different depth of space from the structure are the key factors influencing the absorption performance of wooden perforated panels, but decorative facing and bore shape have a little contribution to absorption abilities. Research finds that absorption peak will move towards high-frequency with decreasing the bore diameter so as to increase absorption effect in high-frequency, and excellent high-frequency absorption performance can be achieved by increasing perforated rate. On the other hand, larger depth of space from the structure will raise the absorption abilities in low-frequency of the panel.
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Su, Chu Wang, Quan Ping Yuan, Jing Da Huang, and Kang Yang. "The Experimental Research on the Sound Absorption Coefficient of Several Different Mytilaria Laosensis Veneering Boards." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.95.
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The composite acoustics board with pore-tank structure and variable cross section structure are made of Medium Density Fiberboard(MDF) as base material, Mytilaria laosensis sheet as veneer board, and sound absorption mat as the substructure material with the micro-perforation interlayer structure. The test was carried out to compare the absorption coefficient of Mytilaria laosensis sheet and nine samples by standing wave tube The test result shows that Mytilaria laosensis sheet has a low sound-absorbing performance itself, and its sound-absorption coefficient in all frequency ranges less than 0.3 and cannot be used as the sound-absorption board alone; The variable cross section structure sound-absorption board has a better performance than the pore-tank structure; When using the micro-perforation layer structure, the sound absorption board performs better and the sound absorption coefficient improves markedly in middle and low frequency scope.
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Schalenberger, Matheus Severo, Evandro Stoffels Mallmann, Hélcio José Izário Filho, et al. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MEDIUM-DENSITY FIBERBOARD OBTAINED THROUGH ACID DIGESTION TO PRODUCE BIO-OIL AND CARBON BLACK." Ciência e Natura 39, no. 3 (2017): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x27304.
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Solid wastes from furniture industries require proper disposal and may have potential to be used as input in other production chains. The aim of the current study is to assess the use of medium density fiberboard (MDF) to produce bio-oil and carbon black with low emission of toxic elements. A full factorial design was used to assess 27 bio-oil preparation procedures based on the acid digestion of MDF shavings. The influence of three concentrated acid types (HNO3, H2SO4 and HCl) at three different temperatures (25, 75 and 150°C) and digestion times (30, 60 and 90min) was assessed. The contents of Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb samples were determined through ICP OES. The Al and Ba contents oscillated between 442.2 ± 235.9 mg kg-1 and 17.9 ± 8.6 mg kg-1, respectively. The Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb contents were below the detection limit set by the technique. The tests showed that the studied material has the potential to be used as bio-oil and carbon black with low emission of metallic elements; thus, it was considered a potential alternative source of biomass-generated energy and, in parallel, it provides the furniture sector with an additional waste management option
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Antov, Petar, Viktor Savov, Neno Trichkov, et al. "Properties of High-Density Fiberboard Bonded with Urea–Formaldehyde Resin and Ammonium Lignosulfonate as a Bio-Based Additive." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162775.
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The potential of ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) as an eco-friendly additive to urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin for manufacturing high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels with acceptable properties and low free formaldehyde emission was investigated in this work. The HDF panels were manufactured in the laboratory with very low UF resin content (4%) and ALS addition levels varying from 4% to 8% based on the mass of the dry wood fibers. The press factor applied was 15 s·mm−1. The physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling), mechanical properties (bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength), and free formaldehyde emission were evaluated in accordance with the European standards. In general, the developed HDF panels exhibited acceptable physical and mechanical properties, fulfilling the standard requirements for HDF panels for use in load-bearing applications. Markedly, the laboratory-produced panels had low free formaldehyde emission ranging from 2.0 to 1.4 mg/100 g, thus fulfilling the requirements of the E0 and super E0 emission grades and confirming the positive effect of ALS as a formaldehyde scavenger. The thermal analyses performed, i.e., differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), also confirmed the main findings of the research. It was concluded that ALS as a bio-based, formaldehyde-free adhesive can be efficiently utilized as an eco-friendly additive to UF adhesive formulations for manufacturing wood-based panels under industrial conditions.
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Xiong, Xian Qing, and Zhi Hui Wu. "Research about the Crackle-Simulated Coating Technology Applied in the Rice-Straw Board Furniture Surface Decorating." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1693.
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Under certain conditions, a test about the crackle-simulated coating technology of rice-straw board after sanding its surface, which aims to determinate several indexes include the glossiness of the coating surface, the hardness and adhesion of the film, the ability to resist of denaturing, and the feel of the surface, etc. The result shows that: the technology of rice-straw board crackle-simulated coating is available to the medium density fiberboard furniture. Though the indexes of the hardness and adhesion of the film are slightly low, they are all up to the standard of the nation and the enterprise. Moreover, we have also analyzed the decorating effect of the crackle-simulated coating of the surface, the economic cost, the environmental friendliness and other elements, in order to provide a reference frame to the special coating which is conducted on the furniture surfaces.
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Magalhães, Roberto, Beatriz Nogueira, Samaritana Costa, et al. "Effect of Panel Moisture Content on Internal Bond Strength and Thickness Swelling of Medium Density Fiberboard." Polymers 13, no. 1 (2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010114.
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Wood-based products usually have serious limitations concerning contact with water, both because wood is a hygroscopic material and because the commonly used binder has low moisture resistance. This paper studies the effect of panel moisture content (MC) on the physico-mechanical properties of medium density fiberboards (MDF). Several commercial MDF boards produced in Europe were stored at room temperature and relative humidity (RH) for 9 weeks (approx. range 15–20 °C and 50–85% RH). Every week, a strip of each MDF board was cut out, divided into 5 × 5 cm test pieces and its internal bond strength (IB) was measured. A strong influence of MDF moisture content on internal bond strength was observed and therefore IB test pieces were stored in a climatic chamber (either at 20 °C, 55% RH and at 20 °C, 70% RH). A decreasing linear relation was established between IB and MC. It was found that this effect is reversible: after drying, internal bond strength rises again (following a slight hysteresis). This work reinforces the importance of conditioned storage before board properties analysis, as described in European Standard EN 319.
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Smardzewski, Jerzy, Michał Maslej, and Krzysztof W. Wojciechowski. "Compression and low velocity impact response of wood-based sandwich panels with auxetic lattice core." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 79, no. 4 (2021): 797–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-021-01677-3.
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AbstractThe research determined the resistance to compression and low velocity impact of wood-based sandwich panels, the face sheet made of high-density fiber board, and high pressure laminate, while its auxetic lattice core was made by 3D printing using LayWood bio-composite filament. The core's auxetic property (i.e. exhibiting negative Poisson's ratio) was observed within the planes parallel to the facings. The ability of particular types of multilayer panels to absorb the energy was also determined. Based on the analysis of the obtained test results, it was proven that the core denoted as B, with inclination angle of the cell ribs $${{\varphi }_{x}=\varphi }_{y}=65^\circ$$ φ x = φ y = 65 ∘ , shows the highest compressive strength. It was determined that the dynamic load causes a very high overload in high-density fiber board face sheets. This results in damage to the sandwich panel surface and core structure. Cells of type B favorably minimize the differences in absorbed energy when using different face sheets and the energy value for low velocity impact. Taking into account the amount of absorbed energy, the most attractive is the panel with the D-type orthotropic core characterized by an inclination angle of the cell ribs $${\varphi }_{x}= 30^\circ , {\varphi }_{y}=60^\circ$$ φ x = 30 ∘ , φ y = 60 ∘ . The amount of energy absorbed by samples with high-density fiberboard face sheets increases significantly depending on the impactor's energy. For panels with face sheets manufactured from high-pressure laminate, the amount of energy absorbed decreases.
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PRIMUS, WALTER CHARLES, FAIZATUL AZWA ZAMRI, SITI HASHIMAH MOHAMAD HANIF, et al. "DEPENDENCE OF POLYURETHANE CONTENT ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD FIBER/PALM KERNEL SHELL COMPOSITES." WOOD RESEARCH 68(1) 2023 68, no. 1 (2023): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/68.1.8395.
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Wood-based composites with different ratiosof wood fiber (WF)/palm kernel shell (PKS) and polyurethane (PU) content have been prepared using the wet-process method. Samples of WF85/PKS15 and WF75/PKS25 were fabricated where each sample was applied with 20% and 70% of PU contents and itsphysical and mechanical properties had beenstudied. The physical results show that the samples with 70% of PU content were denser, had low porosity, low moisture content,and low water absorption. Surface morphology observation shows both series samples with high PU content tend to form tube-like shape with different diameter. Inmechanical studies, generally, the sample with high PKS and PU possesseshigh flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus,and hardness. However, theincreased of PKS content in the composite reduces the tensile strength for both sampleswith 20% and 70% of PU. The effects of the binder and palm kernel shell in the composite were also explained. Based on the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5905 standard, the sample composites meet therequirement under medium density fiberboard (MDF) category and classified as board type 5 which suitable as furniture, house,and automotive interior design and construction materials.
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Palanti, Sabrina, Federico Stefani, Monica Andrenacci, et al. "Biological Resistance of Acetylated Radiata Pine, European Beech, and MDF against Marine Borers at Three Italian Sites after Five Years Immersion." Forests 13, no. 5 (2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050636.
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The aim of this research was to determine the resistance of acetylated wood against marine biodeterioration in use class 5 for use in temperate waters. The resistance of acetylated radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) on solid and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels was compared with untreated wood of European species, such as European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), European oak (Quercus robur L.), and marine plywood. As a reference control, untreated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was used. The field tests were carried out in accordance with EN 275, and started in April 2015. The three Italian exposure sites were Marine of Scarlino private harbor, Port of Genoa, and the Venice Lagoon. Final evaluation in 2021 showed a greater resistance to marine borers of acetylated wood, radiata pine, and beech and MDF panels. However, the untreated European species showed low resistance against marine organisms, with complete decay after the first year of exposure.
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Liang-kuan, Zhu, Wang Zi-bo, and Liu Ya-qiu. "Compound Control Strategy for MDF Continuous Hot Pressing Electrohydraulic Servo System with Uncertainties and Input Saturation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3936810.
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A compound control strategy is investigated for Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) continuous hot pressing electrohydraulic servo system (EHSS) with uncertainties and input saturation. Firstly, a hyperbolic tangent function is applied to approximate saturation nonlinearity in the system. And thus the mathematical model is continuous and differentiable. Subsequently, the slab thickness tracking controller is constructed by using a dynamic surface control (DSC) method, which introduces first-order low-pass filters to calculate derivatives of virtual control input in each step. Compared with the conventional backstepping controller, complexity of the design procedure is alleviated obviously. Moreover, a composite disturbance of uncertainties and input saturation is estimated by a nonlinear disturbance observer for compensation of the control law. Finally, an appropriate Lyapunov function is chosen to prove that all signals of the closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error converges to zero asymptotically. Numerical simulation results are also exhibited to authenticate and validate the benefits of the proposed control scheme.
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WIBOWO, Eko Setio, Muhammad Adly Rahandi LUBIS, and Byung-Dae PARK. "Simultaneous Improvement of Formaldehyde Emission and Adhesion of Medium-Density Fiberboard Bonded with Low-Molar Ratio Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Modified with Nanoclay." Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 49, no. 5 (2021): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5658/wood.2021.49.5.453.
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Akkuş, Memiş, Turgay Akbulut, and Zeki Candan. "Application of electrostatic powder coating on wood composite panels using a cooling method. Part 1: Investigation of water intake, abrasion, scratch resistance, and adhesion strength,." BioResources 14, no. 4 (2019): 9557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376//biores.14.4.9557-9574.
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Powder coating is environmentally friendly and safe in terms of human health and is used especially on home appliances and in the automotive sector. Because of these advantages, recent studies have expanded work on the application of powder coating on non-conductive surfaces. Within the scope of this research, low temperature curing (120 °C to 130 °C) was applied on wood-based composite panels of medium-density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard, and plywood to facilitate conductivity. Epoxy, polyester, and hybrid (epoxy-polyester) types of powder paint and water-based liquid paint (control group) were applied to the surface of materials. Panels coated with the powder coatings were compared to the panels coated with the water-soluble acrylic resin coating. The prepared samples were analyzed for performance properties. The best results for thickness swelling, water absorption, adhesive strength, abrasion, and scratch resistance were found for the plywood coated with water-based liquid paint, MDF coated with polyester-based powder paint, plywood coated with hybrid powder paint, particleboard coated with hybrid powder paint, and plywood coated with epoxy powder paint, respectively.
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Wang, Weidong, Xiwei Shen, Siqi Zhang, et al. "Research on Very Volatile Organic Compounds and Odors from Veneered Medium Density Fiberboard Coated with Water-Based Lacquers." Molecules 27, no. 11 (2022): 3626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113626.
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Very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) are a group of important odor pollutants affecting indoor air quality that have been shown to be harmful to human health. A 15 L environmental chamber, combined with multi-bed tube was used to collect gases. Fifteen very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs), including 12 odor compounds, were identified from veneered medium density fiberboard coated with water-based lacquer (WB-MDF) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O). The total very volatile organic compound (TVVOC) and total odor intensity (TOI) showed a decreasing trend over time, reaching equilibrium on day 28. TVVOC showed an overall slow-fast-slow emission profile, from day 3 to day 7, with a maximum decay rate of 29.7%. TOI showed the greatest rate of decline from day 1 to day 3, at approximately 12%. Alkane and alcohol VVOCs were the more abundant compounds, accounting for at least 60% and even up to 80% of the total. The major odor impression was fruity, with a highest odor rating of 6.6, followed by sweet, with an odor rating of 6.1. Although the odor impression changed from sweet to fruity over time, it seemed pleasant overall. The odor contributors were mainly alkanes, alcohols, esters, and ethers, which had relatively high odor intensities. The main odor-contributing substances were dichloromethane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, 2-methylacrylic acid methyl ester, and tetrahydrofuran. When WB-MDF is used for furniture or other decorative materials, it is strongly recommended that it be stored under ventilation for at least 28 days and the adoption of substitute solvents of lacquers, modified adhesives, and low-odor wood raw materials is recommended. These possible initiatives would contribute to the aim of building an environmentally friendly indoor environment.
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Sang, Ruijuan, Adam John Manley, Zhihui Wu, and Xinhao Feng. "Digital 3D Wood Texture: UV-Curable Inkjet Printing on Board Surface." Coatings 10, no. 12 (2020): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121144.
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Natural wood textures are appreciated in most forest products industries for their appealing visual characteristics including grain and color, but also their fine surface tactile sensation. The following presents an ultraviolet (UV)-curable inkjet technology printing 3D wood texture on wood-based substrate by image processing and surface treatment. The UV printing was created from scanned digital images of a real wood surface and processed in graphics software. The images were converted to grayscale graphics by selecting color range and setting the parameter of fuzziness. The grayscale images were printed as 3D texture height simulation on the substrates and coated by printing the color images as texture mapping. Based on these wood texture digital images, the marquetry art is also considered in the images processing design to increase the artistry of the printed materials. The medium-density fiberboard (MDF) coated printing marquetry surface replicate realistic natural 3D wood texture surface layers on wood-based panels and imitated the effect of handcrafted wood art works. This study proves that printing 3D texture surface material is creative and valuable with ecologically friendly, low-consumption UV-curable inkjet technology and provides a feasible and scalable approach in flooring/furniture/decorative architectural panels.
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Paun, Mirel. "Through-Wall Imaging Using Low-Cost Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave Radar Sensors." Remote Sensing 16, no. 8 (2024): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16081426.
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Many fields of human activity benefit from the ability to create images of obscured objects placed behind walls and to map their displacement in a noninvasive way. Usually, imaging devices like Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) and Ground-Penetrating Radars (GPRs) use expensive dedicated electronics which results in prohibitive prices. This paper presents the experimental implementation and the results obtained from an imaging system capable of performing SAR imaging and interferometric displacement mapping of targets located behind walls, as well as 3D GPR imaging using a low-cost general-purpose radar sensor. The proposed solution uses for the RF section of the system a K-band microwave radar sensor module implementing Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) operation. The low-cost sensor was originally intended for simple presence detection and ranging for domestic applications. The proposed system was tested in several scenarios and proved to operate as intended for a fraction of the cost of a commercial imaging device. In one scenario, it was able to detect and locate a 15 cm-diameter fire-extinguisher located at a distance of 3.5 m from the scanning system and 1.6 m behind a 3 cm-thick MDF (medium-density fiberboard) wall with cm-level accuracy. In a second test, the proposed system was used to perform interferometric displacement measurements, and it was capable of determining the displacement of a metal case with sub-millimeter accuracy. In a third experiment, the system was used to construct a 3D image of the inside of a wood table with cm-level resolution.
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Kazimierski, Paweł, Paulina Hercel, Katarzyna Januszewicz, and Dariusz Kardaś. "Pre-Treatment of Furniture Waste for Smokeless Charcoal Production." Materials 13, no. 14 (2020): 3188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143188.
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The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using furniture waste for smokeless fuel production using the pyrolysis process. Four types of wood-based wastes were used in the pyrolysis process: pine sawdust (PS), chipboard (CB), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and oriented strand board (OSB). Additionally, the slow and fast types of pyrolysis were compared, where the heating rates were 15 °C/min and 100 °C/min, respectively. Chemical analyses of the raw materials and the pyrolysis product yields are presented. A significant calorific value rise was observed for the solid pyrolysis products (from approximately 17.5 MJ/kg for raw materials up to approximately 29 MJ/kg for slow pyrolysis products and 31 MJ/kg for fast pyrolysis products). A higher carbon content of char was observed in raw materials (from approximately 48% for raw materials up to approximately 75% for slow pyrolysis products and approximately 82% for fast pyrolysis products) than after the pyrolysis process. This work presents the possibility of utilizing waste furniture material that is mostly composed of wood, but is not commonly used as a substrate for conversion into low-emission fuel. The results prove that the proposed solution produced char characterized by the appropriate properties to be classified as smokeless coal.
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Suansa, Nurul Iman, and Hamad A. Al-Mefarrej. "Branch wood properties and potential utilization of this variable resource." BioResources 15, no. 1 (2019): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.479-491.
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Wood can be regarded as the single most important natural resource of the future, as it is a magnificent gift of nature. However, wood is a highly variable and complex material. Branch wood is a part of a tree that requires careful attention due to several disadvantages, making it less favorable for industrial use. This study was conducted to identify the basic properties of branch wood of Acacia gerrardii, Tamarix aphylla, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and to highlight its potential utilizations. Branch wood of all the examined species had several drawbacks that markedly limit its potential for commercial uses. It might not be favorable for particleboard, flakeboard, or fiberboard because of its high shrinkage. Even though all of the fibers showed suitability as a raw material for pulp and paper, the quality is low due to the high density of vessels or parenchyma proportions. However, branch wood of all examined species might be used as a blending material (papermaking and glued plates) or for light construction purposes. In considering the chemical composition of branch wood, classes of green products, such as biofuel, bioenergy, and biochar might maximize the value of branch wood. These offer numerous benefits to support human needs in the future.
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Kajda-Szcześniak, Małgorzata, Anna Mainka, Waldemar Ścierski, et al. "Activated Carbon from Selected Wood-Based Waste Materials." Sustainability 17, no. 7 (2025): 2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072995.
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Extended producer responsibility (EPR) and the circular economy can address the growing challenge of managing wood-based waste in the context of sustainability. This research explores pyrolysis as an effective method for converting wood-based waste, i.e., bamboo flooring (BF) and high-density fiberboard floor panels (HDF), into valuable products, particularly char. Char samples were activated through two distinct methods: (1) thermal activation at 700 and 850 °C and (2) chemical activation with KOH. Analytical techniques, including elemental and heavy metals analysis, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM were used to assess the chemical composition and surface characteristics of the produced chars. Elemental analysis showed a notable rise in the amount of carbon to 81% and 75% in BF and HDF, respectively. The nitrogen content was relatively high in HDF at 5.12%. Heavy metals analysis revealed total metal contents ranging from 3632 to 9494 ppm in BF chars and 1717 to 7426 ppm in HDF chars. Raman spectra exhibited characteristic D and G bands, with ID/IG ratios of 0.83 for BF and 0.85 for HDF after activation. SEM and TEM analyses revealed heterogeneous porous structures with dominant carbon elements. The high carbon content, low toxicity, and advantageous elemental composition of the chars make them suitable for environmental applications.
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Raman, Norazmein Abdul, Safian Sharif, and Sudin Izman. "Mathematical Modeling of Cutting Force in Milling of Medium Density Fibreboard Using Response Surface Method." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.51.
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This paper reports on the development of predicted mathematical model for cutting force (Fc) during side milling of medium density fiberboard (MDF) using uncoated carbide insert. Box-Behnken design (BBD) of experiment, coupled with response surface method (RSM) were employed to establish the cutting force model. Evaluation on the effects and interactions of the machining variables on the cutting force were carried out. The machining variables involved include spindle speed, feed rate, routing width and were denoted by A, B and C respectively. Statistical analysis conducted on the experimental results indicated that the mathematical model for cutting force was adequate within the limits of factors being investigated. After eliminating the insignificant factors or model terms in the reduced model, it was found that factors A, B, C, B2 (second order of B), C2 (second order of C), were the most significant factors affecting the cutting force. BC (interaction of B and C) and AC (interaction of A and C) are the subsequent significant factors. Three-dimensional plots displaying the interactions between these significant factors were presented. The reduced model was then verified experimentally and statistically using ANOVA. It was evident that Box-Behnken design proved to be an efficient tool in identifying and constructing maps of interactions between the significant factors. Experimental results showed that lower cutting force can be obtained by employing higher cutting speed, low feed rate and lower routing width when side milling MDF using uncoated carbide insert.
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Iwanaga, Seiji, Dang Thai Hoang, Hirofumi Kuboyama, Dang Thai Duong, Hoang Huy Tuan, and Nguyen Van Minh. "Changes in the Vietnamese Timber Processing Industry: A Case of Quang Tri Province, North Central Region." Forests 12, no. 8 (2021): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080984.
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Vietnam’s forestry policies have expanded the area of planted forests in order to meet the supply of raw materials for the timber processing industry. However, the diversity and volume of demand in the industry have also increased, and a shortage of raw materials can be assumed. For clarifying the correspondence of stakeholders, we explore changes in the resource supply behavior of forestry companies and procurement strategies of companies that manufacture lumber for glued laminated timber, medium density fiberboard (MDF) and wood pellets. Next, we discuss issues and future developments surrounding the supply and demand for timber from planted forests. According to a survey of Quang Tri Province, both industrial and on-farm tree planting play an important role in Vietnam’s wood industry. The origin of the supply has been categorized according to its purpose (products). On the other hand, with the declining supply of imported timber and natural forest timber, inquiries from sawmills and glued laminated timber factories for timber from planted forests have increased, and wood pellet manufacturers are facing competition for raw material procurement with MDF manufacturers, and the supply of timber from planted forests is becoming scarce. The key to the solution lies in improving the low productivity of current on-farm tree planting. To this end, forming farmer groups upon the acquisition of forest certification will help achieve economies of scale and bargaining power.
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Muzyka, Roksana, Sebastian Werle, and Marcin Sajdak. "Determination of Plastic Pollutants in Solid Biofuels." Energies 17, no. 23 (2024): 5927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17235927.
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Many countries widely use biomass for household heating and heat production in district heating systems. Unfortunately, the steady increase in annual plastic waste production has a negative impact on the quality of solid biofuels. This is due to the increasing contamination of these fuels with wastes from plastic and wastes from furniture production, such as laminates and medium-density fiberboard made from wood fibers, among others. The design of specialized biomass combustion systems does not allow for the burning of waste fuel, or the reduction in hazardous organic compounds emitted when burning contaminated biofuels. The study demonstrated the detection of polymeric impurities in solid biofuels through analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC-MS). The study was conducted on model samples that contained increasing proportions of plastic waste, ranging from 0.1 to 10.0% w/w to biomass. Markers were identified and described to indicate contaminated fuel, and the interactions between the sample matrix and plastic were studied. Unique markers were detected that indicate the presence of contamination, even at low concentrations like 0.1% w/w of plastic waste in solid biofuel. These results suggest that direct analytical pyrolysis of solid biofuels, which are already on the market but not covered by the relevant regulatory system and are contaminated with polymeric ingredients, is a method that is not only possible but also gives quick confirmation.